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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Muller´s ratchet</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">0 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Muller´s ratchet</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Muller_s_ratchet">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25237058 coauthored" data-work_id="25237058" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25237058/Resolving_genome_evolution_patterns_in_asexual_plants">Resolving genome evolution patterns in asexual plants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Genome evolution in asexual organisms is theoretically expected to be shaped by various factors: first, hybrid origin and polyploidy confer a genomic constitution of highly heterozygous genotypes with multiple copies of genes; second,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25237058" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Genome evolution in asexual organisms is theoretically expected to be shaped by various factors: first, hybrid origin and polyploidy confer a genomic constitution of highly heterozygous genotypes with multiple copies of genes; second, asexuality confers a lack of recombination and genetic variation in populations, which reduces the efficiency of selection to purge deleterious mutations, hence, deleterious mutations would accumulate (Muller's ratchet) and lead to early extinction of such asexual lineages; third, allelic sequence divergence is expected to result in rapid differentiation of lineages (Meselson effect). Here we review genomic studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies on two asexual plant systems, Boechera (Brassicaceae) and Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae). In Boechera, population genetic data suggest high levels of heterozygosity resulting from multiple hybrid origins and from allelic sequence divergence over a longer evolutionary time frame. RNA-Seq in transcripts of flowering buds in Ranunculus confirmed hybrid origin and showed allelic sequence divergence within a short time frame (ca. 70,000 years). However, dN/dS ratios did not support a genome-wide accumulation of mutations in asexuals compared to sexuals, but divergence in a limited number of genes related to development. We hypothesize that facultative sexuality reduces mutation accumulation of apomictic lineages and thus could escape its long-term deleterious effects. Both facultative sexuality and allelic divergence may facilitate acquisition of new gene functions and biological diversification. Transcriptome studies suggest global differences in gene expression between sexual and apomictic development. Finally we review constraints and potentials when studying asexual non-model organisms via NGS methods.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25237058" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba901cf7da49d7f67a73313a4063c289" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45543404,"asset_id":25237058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45543404/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2128210" href="https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard">Diego Hojsgaard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2128210" type="text/json">{"id":2128210,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Hojsgaard","domain_name":"ipk-gatersleben","page_name":"DiegoHojsgaard","display_name":"Diego Hojsgaard","profile_url":"https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2128210/690544/857178/s65_diego.hojsgaard.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25237058">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25237058"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElviraHoerandl">Elvira Hoerandl</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25237058'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25237058').html(); 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second, asexuality confers a lack of recombination and genetic variation in populations, which reduces the efficiency of selection to purge deleterious mutations, hence, deleterious mutations would accumulate (Muller's ratchet) and lead to early extinction of such asexual lineages; third, allelic sequence divergence is expected to result in rapid differentiation of lineages (Meselson effect). Here we review genomic studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies on two asexual plant systems, Boechera (Brassicaceae) and Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae). In Boechera, population genetic data suggest high levels of heterozygosity resulting from multiple hybrid origins and from allelic sequence divergence over a longer evolutionary time frame. RNA-Seq in transcripts of flowering buds in Ranunculus confirmed hybrid origin and showed allelic sequence divergence within a short time frame (ca. 70,000 years). However, dN/dS ratios did not support a genome-wide accumulation of mutations in asexuals compared to sexuals, but divergence in a limited number of genes related to development. We hypothesize that facultative sexuality reduces mutation accumulation of apomictic lineages and thus could escape its long-term deleterious effects. Both facultative sexuality and allelic divergence may facilitate acquisition of new gene functions and biological diversification. Transcriptome studies suggest global differences in gene expression between sexual and apomictic development. Finally we review constraints and potentials when studying asexual non-model organisms via NGS methods.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45543404,"asset_id":25237058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2128210,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Hojsgaard","domain_name":"ipk-gatersleben","page_name":"DiegoHojsgaard","display_name":"Diego Hojsgaard","profile_url":"https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2128210/690544/857178/s65_diego.hojsgaard.jpg"},{"id":48700181,"first_name":"Elvira","last_name":"Hoerandl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElviraHoerandl","display_name":"Elvira Hoerandl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElviraHoerandl?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":3216,"name":"Genomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genomics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":40609,"name":"Polyploidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyploidy?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":301328,"name":"Heterozygosity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterozygosity?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":334979,"name":"Apomixis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apomixis?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10997645" data-work_id="10997645" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10997645/A_little_bit_of_sex_matters_for_genome_evolution_in_asexual_plants">A little bit of sex matters for genome evolution in asexual plants</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Genome evolution in asexual organisms is theoretically expected to be shaped by various factors: first, hybrid origin, and polyploidy confer a genomic constitution of highly heterozygous genotypes with multiple copies of genes; second,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10997645" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Genome evolution in asexual organisms is theoretically expected to be shaped by various factors: first, hybrid origin, and polyploidy confer a genomic constitution of highly heterozygous genotypes with multiple copies of genes; second, asexuality confers a lack of recombination and variation in populations, which reduces the efficiency of selection against deleterious mutations; hence, the accumulation of mutations and a gradual increase in mutational load (Muller’s ratchet) would lead to rapid extinction of asexual lineages; third, allelic sequence divergence is expected to result in rapid divergence of lineages (Meselson effect). Recent transcriptome studies on the asexual polyploid complex Ranunculus auricomus using single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirmed neutral allelic sequence divergence within a short time frame, but rejected a hypothesis of a genome wide accumulation of mutations in asexuals compared to sexuals, except for a few genes related to reproductive development. We discuss a general model that the observed incidence of facultative sexuality in plants may unmask deleterious mutations with partial dominance and expose them efficiently to purging selection. A little bit of sex may help to avoid genomic decay and extinction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10997645" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6b5807883ffe5b3cef37918ffad6e601" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36731166,"asset_id":10997645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36731166/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2128210" href="https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard">Diego Hojsgaard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2128210" type="text/json">{"id":2128210,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Hojsgaard","domain_name":"ipk-gatersleben","page_name":"DiegoHojsgaard","display_name":"Diego Hojsgaard","profile_url":"https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2128210/690544/857178/s65_diego.hojsgaard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10997645 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10997645"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10997645, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10997645", }); 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second, asexuality confers a lack of recombination and variation in populations, which reduces the efficiency of selection against deleterious mutations; hence, the accumulation of mutations and a gradual increase in mutational load (Muller’s ratchet) would lead to rapid extinction of asexual lineages; third, allelic sequence divergence is expected to result in rapid divergence of lineages (Meselson effect). Recent transcriptome studies on the asexual polyploid complex Ranunculus auricomus using single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirmed neutral allelic sequence divergence within a short time frame, but rejected a hypothesis of a genome wide accumulation of mutations in asexuals compared to sexuals, except for a few genes related to reproductive development. We discuss a general model that the observed incidence of facultative sexuality in plants may unmask deleterious mutations with partial dominance and expose them efficiently to purging selection. A little bit of sex may help to avoid genomic decay and extinction.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36731166,"asset_id":10997645,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2128210,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Hojsgaard","domain_name":"ipk-gatersleben","page_name":"DiegoHojsgaard","display_name":"Diego Hojsgaard","profile_url":"https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2128210/690544/857178/s65_diego.hojsgaard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4138,"name":"Hybridity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridity?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4714,"name":"Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexuality?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":40609,"name":"Polyploidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyploidy?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":54892,"name":"Asexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asexuality?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":334979,"name":"Apomixis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apomixis?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29706906" data-work_id="29706906" itemscope="itemscope" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27038001/Evolution_of_small_prokaryotic_genomes">Evolution of small prokaryotic genomes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">These authors have contributed equally to this work.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27038001" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We study the population genetics of adaptation in nonequilibrium haploid asexual populations. We find that the accumulation of deleterious mutations, due to the operation of Muller's ratchet, can considerably reduce the rate of fixation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26891594" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We study the population genetics of adaptation in nonequilibrium haploid asexual populations. We find that the accumulation of deleterious mutations, due to the operation of Muller's ratchet, can considerably reduce the rate of fixation of advantageous alleles. Such reduction can be approximated reasonably well by a reduction in the effective population size. In the absence of Muller's ratchet, a beneficial mutation can only become fixed if it creates the best possible genotype; if Muller's ratchet operates, however, mutations initially arising in a nonoptimal genotype can also become fixed in the population, since the loss of the least-loaded class implies that an initially nonoptimal background can become optimal. We show that, while the rate at which adaptive mutations become fixed is reduced, the rate of fixation of deleterious mutations due to the ratchet is not changed by the presence of beneficial mutations as long as the rate of their occurrence is low and the deleterious effects of mutations (s d ) are higher than the beneficial effects (s a ). When s a Ͼ s d , the advantage of a beneficial mutation can outweigh the deleterious effects of associated mutations. Under these conditions, a beneficial allele can drag to fixation deleterious mutations initially associated with it at a higher rate than in the absence of advantageous alleles. We propose analytical approximations for the rates of accumulation of deleterious and beneficial mutations. Furthermore, when allowing for the possible occurrence of interference between beneficial alleles, we find that the presence of deleterious mutations of either very weak or very strong effect can marginally increase the rate of accumulation of beneficial mutations over that observed in the absence of such deleterious mutations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26891594" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b9450d1d9d7d8797fcf6d8f436da71e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47156025,"asset_id":26891594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47156025/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50895848" href="https://gulbenkian.academia.edu/IGordo">Isabel Gordo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50895848" type="text/json">{"id":50895848,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Gordo","domain_name":"gulbenkian","page_name":"IGordo","display_name":"Isabel Gordo","profile_url":"https://gulbenkian.academia.edu/IGordo?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26891594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26891594"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26891594, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26891594", }); 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We find that the accumulation of deleterious mutations, due to the operation of Muller's ratchet, can considerably reduce the rate of fixation of advantageous alleles. Such reduction can be approximated reasonably well by a reduction in the effective population size. In the absence of Muller's ratchet, a beneficial mutation can only become fixed if it creates the best possible genotype; if Muller's ratchet operates, however, mutations initially arising in a nonoptimal genotype can also become fixed in the population, since the loss of the least-loaded class implies that an initially nonoptimal background can become optimal. We show that, while the rate at which adaptive mutations become fixed is reduced, the rate of fixation of deleterious mutations due to the ratchet is not changed by the presence of beneficial mutations as long as the rate of their occurrence is low and the deleterious effects of mutations (s d ) are higher than the beneficial effects (s a ). When s a Ͼ s d , the advantage of a beneficial mutation can outweigh the deleterious effects of associated mutations. Under these conditions, a beneficial allele can drag to fixation deleterious mutations initially associated with it at a higher rate than in the absence of advantageous alleles. We propose analytical approximations for the rates of accumulation of deleterious and beneficial mutations. Furthermore, when allowing for the possible occurrence of interference between beneficial alleles, we find that the presence of deleterious mutations of either very weak or very strong effect can marginally increase the rate of accumulation of beneficial mutations over that observed in the absence of such deleterious mutations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47156025,"asset_id":26891594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50895848,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Gordo","domain_name":"gulbenkian","page_name":"IGordo","display_name":"Isabel Gordo","profile_url":"https://gulbenkian.academia.edu/IGordo?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":162645,"name":"Population Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Density?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":421084,"name":"Adaptive evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div 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data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7b2385afcc70a476e36776c9c8a54337" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43573553,"asset_id":23070545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43573553/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44821114" href="https://univ-montpellier.academia.edu/GodelleBernard">Godelle Bernard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44821114" type="text/json">{"id":44821114,"first_name":"Godelle","last_name":"Bernard","domain_name":"univ-montpellier","page_name":"GodelleBernard","display_name":"Godelle Bernard","profile_url":"https://univ-montpellier.academia.edu/GodelleBernard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44821114/82585608/71193706/s65_godelle.bernard.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23070545 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23070545"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23070545, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23070545", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23070545 InlineList-item 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data-has-card-for-ri="4312" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift">Genetic Drift</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4312" type="text/json">{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15719" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria">Mitochondria</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="15719" type="text/json">{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23070545]'), work: {"id":23070545,"title":"Reducing the genome size of organelles favours gene transfer to the nucleus","created_at":"2016-03-09T23:11:34.529-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23070545/Reducing_the_genome_size_of_organelles_favours_gene_transfer_to_the_nucleus?f_ri=1824435","dom_id":"work_23070545","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43573553,"asset_id":23070545,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44821114,"first_name":"Godelle","last_name":"Bernard","domain_name":"univ-montpellier","page_name":"GodelleBernard","display_name":"Godelle Bernard","profile_url":"https://univ-montpellier.academia.edu/GodelleBernard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44821114/82585608/71193706/s65_godelle.bernard.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":20256,"name":"Genome Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_Size?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":58054,"name":"Environmental Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sciences?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":67480,"name":"Endosymbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endosymbiosis?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":176486,"name":"Genome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":326964,"name":"Simbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simbiosis?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":351493,"name":"Genetic Erosion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Erosion?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1706341,"name":"Gene Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gene_Transfer?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1877399,"name":"Nuclear Localization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Localization?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29706918" data-work_id="29706918" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29706918/Evolution_in_a_transmissible_cancer_a_study_of_the_chromosomal_changes_in_devil_facial_tumor_DFT_as_it_spreads_through_the_wild_Tasmanian_devil_population">Evolution in a transmissible cancer: a study of the chromosomal changes in devil facial tumor (DFT) as it spreads through the wild Tasmanian devil population</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29706918" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7fd6d41a49eb05c0886c5a1597ee79eb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50155770,"asset_id":29706918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50155770/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Genetics">Cancer Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52409" type="text/json">{"id":52409,"name":"Cancer Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Genetics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="150444" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="150444" type="text/json">{"id":150444,"name":"Tasmania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tasmania?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153639" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karyotyping">Karyotyping</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="153639" type="text/json">{"id":153639,"name":"Karyotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karyotyping?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="315389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marsupialia">Marsupialia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="315389" type="text/json">{"id":315389,"name":"Marsupialia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marsupialia?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29706918]'), work: {"id":29706918,"title":"Evolution in a transmissible cancer: a study of the chromosomal changes in devil facial tumor (DFT) as it spreads through the wild Tasmanian devil population","created_at":"2016-11-06T22:03:07.774-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29706918/Evolution_in_a_transmissible_cancer_a_study_of_the_chromosomal_changes_in_devil_facial_tumor_DFT_as_it_spreads_through_the_wild_Tasmanian_devil_population?f_ri=1824435","dom_id":"work_29706918","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50155770,"asset_id":29706918,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56236411,"first_name":"Robyn","last_name":"Taylor","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RobynTaylor5","display_name":"Robyn Taylor","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RobynTaylor5?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":52409,"name":"Cancer Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Genetics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":150444,"name":"Tasmania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tasmania?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":153639,"name":"Karyotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karyotyping?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":315389,"name":"Marsupialia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marsupialia?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":333266,"name":"Karyotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karyotype?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":782251,"name":"Cell Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Proliferation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7202862" data-work_id="7202862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7202862/Ribosomal_RNA_gene_diversity_effective_population_size_and_evolutionary_longevity_in_asexual_glomeromycota">Ribosomal RNA gene diversity, effective population size, and evolutionary longevity in asexual glomeromycota</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (phylum Glomeromycota) are among the oldest and most successful symbionts of land plants. With no evidence of sexual reproduction, their evolutionary success is inconsistent with the prediction that asexual... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7202862" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (phylum Glomeromycota) are among the oldest and most successful symbionts of land plants. With no evidence of sexual reproduction, their evolutionary success is inconsistent with the prediction that asexual taxa are vulnerable to extinction due to accumulation of deleterious mutations. To explore why Glomeromycota defy this prediction, we studied ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene evolution in the Claroideoglomus lineage and estimated effective population size, Ne, in C. etunicatum. We found that rRNA genes of these fungi exhibit unusual and complex patterns of molecular evolution. In C. etunicatum, these patterns can be collectively explained by an unexpectedly large Ne combined with imperfect genome-wide and population-level rRNA gene repeat homogenization. The mutations accumulated in rRNA gene sequences indicate that natural selection is effective at purging deleterious mutations in the Claroideoglomus lineage, which is also consistent with the large Ne of C. etunicatum. We propose that in the near absence of recombination, asexual reproduction involving massively multinucleate spores typical for Glomeromycota is responsible for the improved efficacy of selection relative to drift. We postulate that large effective population sizes contribute to the evolutionary longevity of Glomeromycota.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7202862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf44dca298b300bd0b60d346fe2c4460" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48563934,"asset_id":7202862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48563934/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="353671" href="https://uga.academia.edu/HenkdenBakker">Henk den Bakker</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="353671" type="text/json">{"id":353671,"first_name":"Henk","last_name":"den Bakker","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"HenkdenBakker","display_name":"Henk den Bakker","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/HenkdenBakker?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/353671/2749264/3203669/s65_henk.den_bakker.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7202862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7202862"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7202862, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7202862", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7202862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7202862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7202862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7202862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="155" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology">Evolutionary Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="155" type="text/json">{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4312" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift">Genetic Drift</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4312" type="text/json">{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4967" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution">Molecular Evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4967" type="text/json">{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7202862]'), work: {"id":7202862,"title":"Ribosomal RNA gene diversity, effective population size, and evolutionary longevity in asexual glomeromycota","created_at":"2014-05-29T23:34:35.585-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7202862/Ribosomal_RNA_gene_diversity_effective_population_size_and_evolutionary_longevity_in_asexual_glomeromycota?f_ri=1824435","dom_id":"work_7202862","summary":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (phylum Glomeromycota) are among the oldest and most successful symbionts of land plants. With no evidence of sexual reproduction, their evolutionary success is inconsistent with the prediction that asexual taxa are vulnerable to extinction due to accumulation of deleterious mutations. To explore why Glomeromycota defy this prediction, we studied ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene evolution in the Claroideoglomus lineage and estimated effective population size, Ne, in C. etunicatum. We found that rRNA genes of these fungi exhibit unusual and complex patterns of molecular evolution. In C. etunicatum, these patterns can be collectively explained by an unexpectedly large Ne combined with imperfect genome-wide and population-level rRNA gene repeat homogenization. The mutations accumulated in rRNA gene sequences indicate that natural selection is effective at purging deleterious mutations in the Claroideoglomus lineage, which is also consistent with the large Ne of C. etunicatum. We propose that in the near absence of recombination, asexual reproduction involving massively multinucleate spores typical for Glomeromycota is responsible for the improved efficacy of selection relative to drift. We postulate that large effective population sizes contribute to the evolutionary longevity of Glomeromycota.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48563934,"asset_id":7202862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":353671,"first_name":"Henk","last_name":"den Bakker","domain_name":"uga","page_name":"HenkdenBakker","display_name":"Henk den Bakker","profile_url":"https://uga.academia.edu/HenkdenBakker?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/353671/2749264/3203669/s65_henk.den_bakker.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":40422,"name":"Natural Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Selection?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":360920,"name":"Spores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spores?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":472116,"name":"Concerted Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concerted_Evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":569028,"name":"Genetic Recombination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Recombination?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1291913,"name":"Glomeromycota","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Glomeromycota?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74320750" data-work_id="74320750" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/74320750/Asexual_genome_evolution_in_the_apomictic_Ranunculus_auricomus_complex_examining_the_effects_of_hybridization_and_mutation_accumulation">Asexual genome evolution in the apomictic Ranunculus auricomus complex: examining the effects of hybridization and mutation accumulation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Asexual lineages are thought to be prone to extinction because of deleterious mutation accumulation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74320750" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Asexual lineages are thought to be prone to extinction because of deleterious mutation accumulation (Muller&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ratchet). Here, we analyse genomic effects of hybridity, polyploidy and allelic divergence in apomictic plants, and identify loci under divergent selection among sexual/apomictic lineages. RNAseq was used to sequence the flower-specific transcriptomes of five genotypes of the Ranunculus auricomus complex, representing three sexual and two apomictic reproductive biotypes. The five sequence libraries were pooled and de novo assembly performed, and the resultant assembly was used as a backbone for a subsequent alignment of each separate library. High-quality single-nucleotide (SNP) and insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphisms were mined from each library. Annotated genes for which open reading frames (ORF) could be determined were analysed for signatures of divergent versus stabilizing selection. A comparison between all genotypes supports the hypothesis of Pleistocene hybrid origin of both apomictic genotypes from R. carpaticola and R. cassubicifolius, with subsequent allelic divergence of apomictic lineages (Meselson effect). Pairwise comparisons of nonsynonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitution rate ratios between apomictic and sexual genotypes for 1231 genes demonstrated similar distributions for all comparisons, although 324 genes demonstrated outlier (i.e. elevated) dN/dS ratios. Gene ontology analyses of these outliers revealed significant enrichment of genes associated with reproduction including meiosis and gametogenesis, following predictions of divergent selection between sexual and apomictic reproduction, although no significant signal of genome-wide mutation accumulation could be identified. The results suggest that gene function should be considered in order to understand effects of mutation accumulation in asexual lineages.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74320750" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2128210" href="https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard">Diego Hojsgaard</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2128210" type="text/json">{"id":2128210,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Hojsgaard","domain_name":"ipk-gatersleben","page_name":"DiegoHojsgaard","display_name":"Diego Hojsgaard","profile_url":"https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2128210/690544/857178/s65_diego.hojsgaard.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74320750 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74320750"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74320750, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74320750", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74320750]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74320750").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74320750").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74320750"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7710" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7710" type="text/json">{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8536" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization">Hybridization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8536" type="text/json">{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" type="text/json">{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43761" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcriptome">Transcriptome</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43761" type="text/json">{"id":43761,"name":"Transcriptome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcriptome?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74320750]'), work: {"id":74320750,"title":"Asexual genome evolution in the apomictic Ranunculus auricomus complex: examining the effects of hybridization and mutation accumulation","created_at":"2022-03-22T11:05:53.253-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74320750/Asexual_genome_evolution_in_the_apomictic_Ranunculus_auricomus_complex_examining_the_effects_of_hybridization_and_mutation_accumulation?f_ri=1824435","dom_id":"work_74320750","summary":"Asexual lineages are thought to be prone to extinction because of deleterious mutation accumulation (Muller\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ratchet). Here, we analyse genomic effects of hybridity, polyploidy and allelic divergence in apomictic plants, and identify loci under divergent selection among sexual/apomictic lineages. RNAseq was used to sequence the flower-specific transcriptomes of five genotypes of the Ranunculus auricomus complex, representing three sexual and two apomictic reproductive biotypes. The five sequence libraries were pooled and de novo assembly performed, and the resultant assembly was used as a backbone for a subsequent alignment of each separate library. High-quality single-nucleotide (SNP) and insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphisms were mined from each library. Annotated genes for which open reading frames (ORF) could be determined were analysed for signatures of divergent versus stabilizing selection. A comparison between all genotypes supports the hypothesis of Pleistocene hybrid origin of both apomictic genotypes from R. carpaticola and R. cassubicifolius, with subsequent allelic divergence of apomictic lineages (Meselson effect). Pairwise comparisons of nonsynonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitution rate ratios between apomictic and sexual genotypes for 1231 genes demonstrated similar distributions for all comparisons, although 324 genes demonstrated outlier (i.e. elevated) dN/dS ratios. Gene ontology analyses of these outliers revealed significant enrichment of genes associated with reproduction including meiosis and gametogenesis, following predictions of divergent selection between sexual and apomictic reproduction, although no significant signal of genome-wide mutation accumulation could be identified. The results suggest that gene function should be considered in order to understand effects of mutation accumulation in asexual lineages.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2128210,"first_name":"Diego","last_name":"Hojsgaard","domain_name":"ipk-gatersleben","page_name":"DiegoHojsgaard","display_name":"Diego Hojsgaard","profile_url":"https://ipk-gatersleben.academia.edu/DiegoHojsgaard?f_ri=1824435","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2128210/690544/857178/s65_diego.hojsgaard.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":43761,"name":"Transcriptome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transcriptome?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":46119,"name":"Molecular Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Ecology?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":57178,"name":"Plant Genome Project","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Genome_Project?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":130822,"name":"Flowers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flowers?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":334979,"name":"Apomixis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apomixis?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":372410,"name":"Genotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genotype?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":403740,"name":"Single Nucleotide Polymorphism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Single_Nucleotide_Polymorphism?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57605837" data-work_id="57605837" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57605837/Adaptive_Evolution_of_Asexual_Populations_Under_Mullers_Ratchet">Adaptive Evolution of Asexual Populations Under Muller's Ratchet</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We study the population genetics of adaptation in nonequilibrium haploid asexual populations. We find that the accumulation of deleterious mutations, due to the operation of Muller's ratchet, can considerably reduce the rate of fixation... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57605837" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We study the population genetics of adaptation in nonequilibrium haploid asexual populations. We find that the accumulation of deleterious mutations, due to the operation of Muller's ratchet, can considerably reduce the rate of fixation of advantageous alleles. Such reduction can be approximated reasonably well by a reduction in the effective population size. In the absence of Muller's ratchet, a beneficial mutation can only become fixed if it creates the best possible genotype; if Muller's ratchet operates, however, mutations initially arising in a nonoptimal genotype can also become fixed in the population, since the loss of the least-loaded class implies that an initially nonoptimal background can become optimal. We show that, while the rate at which adaptive mutations become fixed is reduced, the rate of fixation of deleterious mutations due to the ratchet is not changed by the presence of beneficial mutations as long as the rate of their occurrence is low and the deleterious effects of mutations (s d) are higher than the beneficial effects (s a). When s a Ͼ s d , the advantage of a beneficial mutation can outweigh the deleterious effects of associated mutations. Under these conditions, a beneficial allele can drag to fixation deleterious mutations initially associated with it at a higher rate than in the absence of advantageous alleles. We propose analytical approximations for the rates of accumulation of deleterious and beneficial mutations. Furthermore, when allowing for the possible occurrence of interference between beneficial alleles, we find that the presence of deleterious mutations of either very weak or very strong effect can marginally increase the rate of accumulation of beneficial mutations over that observed in the absence of such deleterious mutations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57605837" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3cab80904dab1e68feba6168403988e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72425655,"asset_id":57605837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72425655/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="76484376" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelGordo">Isabel Gordo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="76484376" type="text/json">{"id":76484376,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Gordo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabelGordo","display_name":"Isabel Gordo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelGordo?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57605837 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57605837"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57605837, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57605837", }); 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We find that the accumulation of deleterious mutations, due to the operation of Muller's ratchet, can considerably reduce the rate of fixation of advantageous alleles. Such reduction can be approximated reasonably well by a reduction in the effective population size. In the absence of Muller's ratchet, a beneficial mutation can only become fixed if it creates the best possible genotype; if Muller's ratchet operates, however, mutations initially arising in a nonoptimal genotype can also become fixed in the population, since the loss of the least-loaded class implies that an initially nonoptimal background can become optimal. We show that, while the rate at which adaptive mutations become fixed is reduced, the rate of fixation of deleterious mutations due to the ratchet is not changed by the presence of beneficial mutations as long as the rate of their occurrence is low and the deleterious effects of mutations (s d) are higher than the beneficial effects (s a). When s a Ͼ s d , the advantage of a beneficial mutation can outweigh the deleterious effects of associated mutations. Under these conditions, a beneficial allele can drag to fixation deleterious mutations initially associated with it at a higher rate than in the absence of advantageous alleles. We propose analytical approximations for the rates of accumulation of deleterious and beneficial mutations. Furthermore, when allowing for the possible occurrence of interference between beneficial alleles, we find that the presence of deleterious mutations of either very weak or very strong effect can marginally increase the rate of accumulation of beneficial mutations over that observed in the absence of such deleterious mutations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72425655,"asset_id":57605837,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":76484376,"first_name":"Isabel","last_name":"Gordo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IsabelGordo","display_name":"Isabel Gordo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/IsabelGordo?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":74780,"name":"Mutation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mutation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":162645,"name":"Population Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Density?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":421084,"name":"Adaptive evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adaptive_evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":3862708,"name":"Haploidy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haploidy?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30543001" data-work_id="30543001" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30543001/Molecular_Evolution_of_Sexual_and_Parthenogenetic_Lineages_of_the_Armored_Scale_Insect_I_Aspidiotus_nerii_I_Hemiptera_Diaspididae_and_Its_Primary_Bacterial_Endosymbiont_I_Uzinura_diaspidicola_I_">Molecular Evolution of Sexual and Parthenogenetic Lineages of the Armored Scale Insect <I>Aspidiotus nerii</I> (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Its Primary Bacterial Endosymbiont, <I>Uzinura diaspidicola</I></a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original docume and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30543001" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="afe62b05ee3dcb608f3105c5d52063b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50987177,"asset_id":30543001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50987177/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20710" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RodgerGwiazdowski">Rodger Gwiazdowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20710" type="text/json">{"id":20710,"first_name":"Rodger","last_name":"Gwiazdowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RodgerGwiazdowski","display_name":"Rodger Gwiazdowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RodgerGwiazdowski?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30543001 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30543001"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30543001, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30543001", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30543001]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30543001").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30543001").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30543001"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65133" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parthenogenesis">Parthenogenesis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="65133" type="text/json">{"id":65133,"name":"Parthenogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parthenogenesis?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67485" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_evolution">Genome evolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67485" type="text/json">{"id":67485,"name":"Genome evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1824435" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet">Muller´s ratchet</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1824435" type="text/json">{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30543001]'), work: {"id":30543001,"title":"Molecular Evolution of Sexual and Parthenogenetic Lineages of the Armored Scale Insect \u003cI\u003eAspidiotus nerii\u003c/I\u003e (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Its Primary Bacterial Endosymbiont, \u003cI\u003eUzinura diaspidicola\u003c/I\u003e","created_at":"2016-12-20T11:56:26.046-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30543001/Molecular_Evolution_of_Sexual_and_Parthenogenetic_Lineages_of_the_Armored_Scale_Insect_I_Aspidiotus_nerii_I_Hemiptera_Diaspididae_and_Its_Primary_Bacterial_Endosymbiont_I_Uzinura_diaspidicola_I_?f_ri=1824435","dom_id":"work_30543001","summary":"The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original docume and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50987177,"asset_id":30543001,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20710,"first_name":"Rodger","last_name":"Gwiazdowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RodgerGwiazdowski","display_name":"Rodger Gwiazdowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RodgerGwiazdowski?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":65133,"name":"Parthenogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parthenogenesis?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":67485,"name":"Genome evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7130380" data-work_id="7130380" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7130380/DELETERIOUS_ALLELES_AND_DIFFERENTIAL_VIABILITY_IN_PROGENY_OF_NATURAL_HEMICLONAL_FROGS">DELETERIOUS ALLELES AND DIFFERENTIAL VIABILITY IN PROGENY OF NATURAL HEMICLONAL FROGS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Spontaneous deleterious mutations are expected to accumulate through Muller's ratchet in clonally reproducing organisms and may lead to their extinction. We study deleterious mutations and their effects in a system of European frogs. Rana... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7130380" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Spontaneous deleterious mutations are expected to accumulate through Muller's ratchet in clonally reproducing organisms and may lead to their extinction. We study deleterious mutations and their effects in a system of European frogs. Rana esculenta (RL), natural hybrids R. ridibunda (RR) ϫ R. lessonae (LL), reproduce hemiclonally; both sexes exclude the L genome in the germ line and produce unrecombined R gametes; hybridity is restored each generation by matings of RL with coexisting LL. Different allozyme-defined hybrid hemiclones (R genome haplotypes) are thought to have originated independently from primary hybridizations RR ϫ LL. Natural matings between two hybrids usually lead to inviable RR tadpoles. This inviability is thought to result from unmasked deleterious alleles on the clonally transmitted R genomes. Most simply it reflects homozygosity for recessive deleterious alleles at particular loci; alternatively (consistent with absence of RR adults in multiclonal populations) it may reflect hemiclonespecific sets of incompletely recessive deleterious mutations that cumulatively cause inviability when two such genomes are combined. If inviability results from the former, progeny of two hybrids of different hemiclones, whether allopatric or coexisting, should be viable, because it is improbable that their R genomes share recessive deleterious alleles at the same set of loci; if inviability results from the latter, progeny of hybrids of different hemiclones should be inviable, especially when hybrid lineages are old. We tested these hypotheses in artificial crosses, using frogs from three regions: hemiclonal hybrids outside R. ridibunda's range from northern Switzerland (two abundant coexisting allozyme-defined hemiclones; estimated lineage age Յ5000 generations) and from Sicily, Italy (one hemiclone; estimated age Ն25,000 generations) and R. ridibunda from Poland. We generated RR progeny, which we reared under benign conditions in the laboratory, by crossing (1) two hybrids from the same region (H ϫ H local); (2) two hybrids from different regions (H ϫ H foreign); (3) hybrids and R. ridibunda (H ϫ R); and (4) two R. ridibunda (R ϫ R). Survival to metamorphosis was similar and high for R ϫ R, H ϫ H foreign, and H ϫ R, whereas all tadpoles of H ϫ H local died before metamorphosis. This supports the hypothesis that homozygosity for recessive deleterious mutations at particular loci causes inviability. Crosses within and between the two coexisting hemiclones from Switzerland were, however, equally inviable. This result may reflect episodic sexual recombination in RR progeny from exceptional successful interclonal hybrid ϫ hybrid matings, followed by matings of such RR with LL. This process would both slow down or halt Muller's ratchet and disrupt genetic independence of coexisting hemiclones, so that the same remaining deleterious R alleles could exist in different allozyme-defined hemiclones. Whereas all data are consistent with the prediction of Muller's ratchet operating on clonally transmitted R genomes of natural hybrid lineages, they are insufficient to demonstrate such operation, because deleterious recessives that mutated after clone formation and those that preexisted in the R. ridibunda source populations that formed the hemiclonal lineages are not distinguished. The possibility of episodic sexual recombination must be carefully taken into account when studying Muller's ratchet in natural populations of this Rana system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7130380" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73ecc11d8bd98c98625baeb2baa9c610" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48589803,"asset_id":7130380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48589803/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12287776" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/GastonDenisGuex">Gaston-Denis Guex</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12287776" type="text/json">{"id":12287776,"first_name":"Gaston-Denis","last_name":"Guex","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"GastonDenisGuex","display_name":"Gaston-Denis Guex","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/GastonDenisGuex?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7130380 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7130380"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7130380, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7130380", }); 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We study deleterious mutations and their effects in a system of European frogs. Rana esculenta (RL), natural hybrids R. ridibunda (RR) ϫ R. lessonae (LL), reproduce hemiclonally; both sexes exclude the L genome in the germ line and produce unrecombined R gametes; hybridity is restored each generation by matings of RL with coexisting LL. Different allozyme-defined hybrid hemiclones (R genome haplotypes) are thought to have originated independently from primary hybridizations RR ϫ LL. Natural matings between two hybrids usually lead to inviable RR tadpoles. This inviability is thought to result from unmasked deleterious alleles on the clonally transmitted R genomes. Most simply it reflects homozygosity for recessive deleterious alleles at particular loci; alternatively (consistent with absence of RR adults in multiclonal populations) it may reflect hemiclonespecific sets of incompletely recessive deleterious mutations that cumulatively cause inviability when two such genomes are combined. If inviability results from the former, progeny of two hybrids of different hemiclones, whether allopatric or coexisting, should be viable, because it is improbable that their R genomes share recessive deleterious alleles at the same set of loci; if inviability results from the latter, progeny of hybrids of different hemiclones should be inviable, especially when hybrid lineages are old. We tested these hypotheses in artificial crosses, using frogs from three regions: hemiclonal hybrids outside R. ridibunda's range from northern Switzerland (two abundant coexisting allozyme-defined hemiclones; estimated lineage age Յ5000 generations) and from Sicily, Italy (one hemiclone; estimated age Ն25,000 generations) and R. ridibunda from Poland. We generated RR progeny, which we reared under benign conditions in the laboratory, by crossing (1) two hybrids from the same region (H ϫ H local); (2) two hybrids from different regions (H ϫ H foreign); (3) hybrids and R. ridibunda (H ϫ R); and (4) two R. ridibunda (R ϫ R). Survival to metamorphosis was similar and high for R ϫ R, H ϫ H foreign, and H ϫ R, whereas all tadpoles of H ϫ H local died before metamorphosis. This supports the hypothesis that homozygosity for recessive deleterious mutations at particular loci causes inviability. Crosses within and between the two coexisting hemiclones from Switzerland were, however, equally inviable. This result may reflect episodic sexual recombination in RR progeny from exceptional successful interclonal hybrid ϫ hybrid matings, followed by matings of such RR with LL. This process would both slow down or halt Muller's ratchet and disrupt genetic independence of coexisting hemiclones, so that the same remaining deleterious R alleles could exist in different allozyme-defined hemiclones. Whereas all data are consistent with the prediction of Muller's ratchet operating on clonally transmitted R genomes of natural hybrid lineages, they are insufficient to demonstrate such operation, because deleterious recessives that mutated after clone formation and those that preexisted in the R. ridibunda source populations that formed the hemiclonal lineages are not distinguished. The possibility of episodic sexual recombination must be carefully taken into account when studying Muller's ratchet in natural populations of this Rana system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48589803,"asset_id":7130380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12287776,"first_name":"Gaston-Denis","last_name":"Guex","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"GastonDenisGuex","display_name":"Gaston-Denis Guex","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/GastonDenisGuex?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":426361,"name":"Ranidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ranidae?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7130377" data-work_id="7130377" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7130377/DELETERIOUS_ALLELES_AND_DIFFERENTIAL_VIABILITY_IN_PROGENY_OF_NATURAL_HEMICLONAL_FROGS">DELETERIOUS ALLELES AND DIFFERENTIAL VIABILITY IN PROGENY OF NATURAL HEMICLONAL FROGS</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract Spontaneous deleterious mutations are expected to accumulate through Muller's ratchet in clonally reproducing organisms and may lead to their extinction. We study deleterious mutations and their effects in a system of European... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7130377" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract Spontaneous deleterious mutations are expected to accumulate through Muller's ratchet in clonally reproducing organisms and may lead to their extinction. We study deleterious mutations and their effects in a system of European frogs. Rana esculenta (RL), natural hybrids R. ridibunda (RR) ×R. lessonae (LL), reproduce hemiclonally; both sexes exclude the L genome in the germ line and produce unrecombined R gametes; hybridity is restored each generation by matings of RL with coexisting LL. Different allozyme-defined hybrid hemiclones (R genome haplotypes) are thought to have originated independently from primary hybridizations RR × LL. Natural matings between two hybrids usually lead to inviable RR tadpoles. This inviability is thought to result from unmasked deleterious alleles on the clonally transmitted R genomes. Most simply it reflects homozygosity for recessive deleterious alleles at particular loci; alternatively (consistent with absence of RR adults in multiclonal populations) it may reflect hemiclone-specific sets of incompletely recessive deleterious mutations that cumulatively cause inviability when two such genomes are combined. If inviability results from the former, progeny of two hybrids of different hemiclones, whether allopatric or coexisting, should be viable, because it is improbable that their R genomes share recessive deleterious alleles at the same set of loci; if inviability results from the latter, progeny of hybrids of different hemiclones should be inviable, especially when hybrid lineages are old. We tested these hypotheses in artificial crosses, using frogs from three regions: hemiclonal hybrids outside R. ridibunda's range from northern Switzerland (two abundant coexisting allozyme-defined hemiclones; estimated lineage age 5000 generations) and from Sicily, Italy (one hemiclone; estimated age >25,000 generations) and R. ridibunda from Poland. We generated RR progeny, which we reared under benign conditions in the laboratory, by crossing (1) two hybrids from the same region (H × H local); (2) two hybrids from different regions (H × H foreign); (3) hybrids and R. ridibunda (H × R); and (4) two R. ridibunda (R × R). Survival to metamorphosis was similar and high for R × R, H × H foreign, and H × R, whereas all tadpoles of H × H local died before metamorphosis. This supports the hypothesis that homozygosity for recessive deleterious mutations at particular loci causes inviability. Crosses within and between the two coexisting hemiclones from Switzerland were, however, equally inviable. This result may reflect episodic sexual recombination in RR progeny from exceptional successful interclonal hybrid × hybrid matings, followed by matings of such RR with LL. This process would both slow down or halt Muller's ratchet and disrupt genetic independence of coexisting hemiclones, so that the same remaining deleterious R alleles could exist in different allozyme-defined hemiclones. Whereas all data are consistent with the prediction of Muller's ratchet operating on clonally transmitted R genomes of natural hybrid lineages, they are insufficient to demonstrate such operation, because deleterious recessives that mutated after clone formation and those that preexisted in the R. ridibunda source populations that formed the hemiclonal lineages are not distinguished. The possibility of episodic sexual recombination must be carefully taken into account when studying Muller's ratchet in natural populations of this Rana system.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7130377" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eaaa646323c7e34ac726b0d0b8184cfd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48589796,"asset_id":7130377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48589796/download_file?st=MTczOTcxMzYwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12287776" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/GastonDenisGuex">Gaston-Denis Guex</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12287776" type="text/json">{"id":12287776,"first_name":"Gaston-Denis","last_name":"Guex","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"GastonDenisGuex","display_name":"Gaston-Denis Guex","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/GastonDenisGuex?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7130377 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7130377"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7130377, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7130377", }); 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We study deleterious mutations and their effects in a system of European frogs. Rana esculenta (RL), natural hybrids R. ridibunda (RR) ×R. lessonae (LL), reproduce hemiclonally; both sexes exclude the L genome in the germ line and produce unrecombined R gametes; hybridity is restored each generation by matings of RL with coexisting LL. Different allozyme-defined hybrid hemiclones (R genome haplotypes) are thought to have originated independently from primary hybridizations RR × LL. Natural matings between two hybrids usually lead to inviable RR tadpoles. This inviability is thought to result from unmasked deleterious alleles on the clonally transmitted R genomes. Most simply it reflects homozygosity for recessive deleterious alleles at particular loci; alternatively (consistent with absence of RR adults in multiclonal populations) it may reflect hemiclone-specific sets of incompletely recessive deleterious mutations that cumulatively cause inviability when two such genomes are combined. If inviability results from the former, progeny of two hybrids of different hemiclones, whether allopatric or coexisting, should be viable, because it is improbable that their R genomes share recessive deleterious alleles at the same set of loci; if inviability results from the latter, progeny of hybrids of different hemiclones should be inviable, especially when hybrid lineages are old. We tested these hypotheses in artificial crosses, using frogs from three regions: hemiclonal hybrids outside R. ridibunda's range from northern Switzerland (two abundant coexisting allozyme-defined hemiclones; estimated lineage age 5000 generations) and from Sicily, Italy (one hemiclone; estimated age \u003e25,000 generations) and R. ridibunda from Poland. We generated RR progeny, which we reared under benign conditions in the laboratory, by crossing (1) two hybrids from the same region (H × H local); (2) two hybrids from different regions (H × H foreign); (3) hybrids and R. ridibunda (H × R); and (4) two R. ridibunda (R × R). Survival to metamorphosis was similar and high for R × R, H × H foreign, and H × R, whereas all tadpoles of H × H local died before metamorphosis. This supports the hypothesis that homozygosity for recessive deleterious mutations at particular loci causes inviability. Crosses within and between the two coexisting hemiclones from Switzerland were, however, equally inviable. This result may reflect episodic sexual recombination in RR progeny from exceptional successful interclonal hybrid × hybrid matings, followed by matings of such RR with LL. This process would both slow down or halt Muller's ratchet and disrupt genetic independence of coexisting hemiclones, so that the same remaining deleterious R alleles could exist in different allozyme-defined hemiclones. Whereas all data are consistent with the prediction of Muller's ratchet operating on clonally transmitted R genomes of natural hybrid lineages, they are insufficient to demonstrate such operation, because deleterious recessives that mutated after clone formation and those that preexisted in the R. ridibunda source populations that formed the hemiclonal lineages are not distinguished. The possibility of episodic sexual recombination must be carefully taken into account when studying Muller's ratchet in natural populations of this Rana system.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48589796,"asset_id":7130377,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12287776,"first_name":"Gaston-Denis","last_name":"Guex","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"GastonDenisGuex","display_name":"Gaston-Denis Guex","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/GastonDenisGuex?f_ri=1824435","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4559,"name":"Reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproduction?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":4967,"name":"Molecular Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Evolution?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=1824435","nofollow":true},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":426361,"name":"Ranidae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ranidae?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":564878,"name":"Body Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Weight?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation?f_ri=1824435"},{"id":1824435,"name":"Muller´s ratchet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muller_s_ratchet?f_ri=1824435"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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