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href="#Siege_of_Salamis_and_Ptolemy's_arrival_in_Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Siege of Salamis and Ptolemy's arrival in Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Salamis_and_Ptolemy's_arrival_in_Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naval_combat_before_Salamis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_combat_before_Salamis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naval combat before Salamis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_combat_before_Salamis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath_of_the_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath_of_the_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aftermath of the battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath_of_the_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3_(306_%D9%82.%D9%85)" title="معركة سلاميس (306 ق.م) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة سلاميس (306 ق.م)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Salamine_na_Kipru_(306._p._n._e)" title="Bitka kod Salamine na Kipru (306. p. n. e) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bitka kod Salamine na Kipru (306. p. n. e)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Salamis_(306_v._Chr.)" title="Schlacht von Salamis (306 v. Chr.) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Salamis (306 v. Chr.)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85_(306_%CF%80.%CE%A7.)" title="Ναυμαχία της Σαλαμίνας Κύπρου (306 π.Χ.) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναυμαχία της Σαλαμίνας Κύπρου (306 π.Χ.)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Salamina_de_Chipre_(306_a._C.)" title="Batalla de Salamina de Chipre (306 a. C.) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Salamina de Chipre (306 a. C.)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Salamine_de_Chypre_(306_av._J.-C.)" title="Bataille de Salamine de Chypre (306 av. J.-C.) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Salamine de Chypre (306 av. J.-C.)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%84_(%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_306%EB%85%84)" title="살라미스 해전 (기원전 306년) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="살라미스 해전 (기원전 306년)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Salamine_na_Cipru_(306._pr._Kr.)" title="Bitka kod Salamine na Cipru (306. pr. Kr.) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka kod Salamine na Cipru (306. pr. Kr.)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Salamis_(306_SM)" title="Pertempuran Salamis (306 SM) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Salamis (306 SM)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Salamina_in_Cipro_(306_a.C.)" title="Battaglia di Salamina in Cipro (306 a.C.) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Salamina in Cipro (306 a.C.)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proelium_ad_Salaminem_commissum_(306_a.C.n.)" title="Proelium ad Salaminem commissum (306 a.C.n.) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proelium ad Salaminem commissum (306 a.C.n.)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_(306_%D0%BF.%D0%BD.%D0%B5.)" title="Битка кај Саламина (306 п.н.е.) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Саламина (306 п.н.е.)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Salamis_in_Cyprus" title="Slag bij Salamis in Cyprus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Salamis in Cyprus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%A6_(%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D306%E5%B9%B4)" title="サラミスの海戦 (紀元前306年) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サラミスの海戦 (紀元前306年)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5_(306_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.)" title="Битва при Саламине на Кипре (306 до н. э.) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Саламине на Кипре (306 до н. э.)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%83_(306._%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5.)" title="Битка код Саламине на Кипру (306. п. н. е.) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Саламине на Кипру (306. п. н. е.)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Salamine_na_Cipru_(306._pne.)" title="Bitka kod Salamine na Cipru (306. pne.) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bitka kod Salamine na Cipru (306. pne.)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96_(306)" title="Битва при Саламіні (306) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Саламіні (306)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E6%88%B0_(%E5%89%8D306%E5%B9%B4)" title="薩拉米斯海戰 (前306年) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="薩拉米斯海戰 (前306年)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1247317#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Salamis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">Wars of the Diadochi</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg/300px-Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg/450px-Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg/600px-Battle_between_Ptolemy_and_Demetrius_Poliorcetes_off_Salamis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="643" /></a></span><br />19th-century depiction of the battle between Ptolemy and Demetrius Poliorcetes off Salamis.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>306 BC</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis, Cyprus</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&params=35_10_N_33_55_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°10′N</span> <span class="longitude">33°55′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.167°N 33.917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.167; 33.917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Decisive Antigonid victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Capture of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> by the Antigonids</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonids</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemies</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius Poliorcetes</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Medius_of_Larissa" title="Medius of Larissa">Medius of Larissa</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy I">Ptolemy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(son_of_Lagus)" title="Menelaus (son of Lagus)">Menelaus</a>  (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 180 warships (30 Athenian)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 60 warships (Menelaus)<br />140 warships & 200 transports (Ptolemy)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 20 warships damaged</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 80 warships lost<br />40 warships and 100 transports captured<br />Menelaus' force surrenders</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:300px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Salamis (306 BC) is located in West and Central Asia"><img alt="Battle of Salamis (306 BC) is located in West and Central Asia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/300px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/450px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg/600px-West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5948" data-file-height="3836" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.65%;left:26.591%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of Salamis (306 BC)"><img alt="Battle of Salamis (306 BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Asia_non_political_with_water_system.jpg" title="File:West Asia non political with water system.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location of the naval battle of Salamis</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Diadochi" title="Template:Campaignbox Diadochi"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Diadochi" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Diadochi"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Diadochi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Diadochi"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_of_the_Diadochi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi"><span class="wrap">Wars of the Diadochi</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/First_War_of_the_Diadochi" class="mw-redirect" title="First War of the Diadochi">First War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Camel%27s_Rampart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Camel's Rampart (page does not exist)">Camel's Rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Hellespont_(321_BC)" title="Battle of the Hellespont (321 BC)">Hellespont</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Intermediate period</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orkynia" title="Battle of Orkynia">Orkynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cretopolis" title="Battle of Cretopolis">Cretopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Nora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Nora (page does not exist)">Nora</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Second_War_of_the_Diadochi" title="Second War of the Diadochi">Second War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Megalopolis" title="Siege of Megalopolis">Megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Byzantium" title="Battle of Byzantium">Byzantium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_river_Coprates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the river Coprates (page does not exist)">Coprates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paraitakene" title="Battle of Paraitakene">Paraitakene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tegea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tegea (page does not exist)">Tegea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Pydna_(Diadochi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Pydna (Diadochi) (page does not exist)">Pydna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gabiene" title="Battle of Gabiene">Gabiene</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Third_War_of_the_Diadochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Third War of the Diadochi">Third War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Tyre_(315%E2%80%93314_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Tyre (315–314 BC) (page does not exist)">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campaign_of_Caria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campaign of Caria (page does not exist)">Caria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tralles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Tralles (page does not exist)">Tralles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kaunus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kaunus (page does not exist)">Kaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Iasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Iasus (page does not exist)">Iasus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chalcis_(diadochi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Chalcis (diadochi) (page does not exist)">Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(312_BC)" title="Battle of Gaza (312 BC)">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myus" title="Battle of Myus">Myus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_War" title="Babylonian War">Babylonian War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Siege_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Siege of Babylon">1st Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tigris" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tigris">Tigris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Siege_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Siege of Babylon">2nd Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Siege_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="3rd Siege of Babylon">3rd Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_25_of_Abu" title="Battle of the 25 of Abu">25 of Abu</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fourth_War_of_the_Diadochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth War of the Diadochi">Fourth War</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Piraeus_(Diadochi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Piraeus (Diadochi) (page does not exist)">Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Megara_(Diadochi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Megara (Diadochi) (page does not exist)">Megara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Munychia_(Diadochi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Munychia (Diadochi) (page does not exist)">Munychia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phatnicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phatnicum (page does not exist)">Phatnicum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudostonum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudostonum (page does not exist)">Pseudostonum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(305%E2%80%93304_BC)" title="Siege of Rhodes (305–304 BC)">Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Athens_(by_Cassander)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Athens (by Cassander) (page does not exist)">Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Kallidromo_mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of the Kallidromo mountains (page does not exist)">Kallidromo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Sydon_(by_Ptolomy)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Sydon (by Ptolomy) (page does not exist)">Sydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ipsus" title="Battle of Ipsus">Ipsus</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Minor conflicts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Amphipolis_(289_BC)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Amphipolis (289 BC) (page does not exist)">Amphipolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Chersonese" title="Campaign of the Chersonese">Campaign of the Chersonese (300-299)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Corupedium" title="Battle of Corupedium">Corupedium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The naval <b>Battle of Salamis</b> in 306 BC took place off <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis, Cyprus</a> between the fleets of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy I of Egypt">Ptolemy I of Egypt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a>, two of the <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a>, the generals who, after the death of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">fought each other</a> for control of his empire. </p><p>Cyprus had been seized by Ptolemy, and was used as a base for operations against the Antigonid territories in <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. In 306 BC, Antigonus sent his son <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius</a> to invade the island, which was defended by Ptolemy's brother <a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(son_of_Lagus)" title="Menelaus (son of Lagus)">Menelaus</a>. After landing on the northeastern part of the island, Demetrius marched to Salamis, defeated Menelaus in a battle, and laid siege to the city. This was the first time where Demetrius demonstrated his flair for <a href="/wiki/Siege_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege warfare">siege warfare</a>, which would later earn him the sobriquet Poliorcetes, "the Besieger". Nevertheless, Menelaus was able to hold off Demetrius' attacks until the arrival of reinforcements. Ptolemy led a large-scale rescue expedition in person, hoping to catch Demetrius between his own forces and those of Menelaus, sallying forth from Salamis. Demetrius took a calculated risk by leaving only a small force to impede Menelaus, and focusing the bulk of his forces against Ptolemy. The ensuing battle was a complete victory for Demetrius, who destroyed or captured much of Ptolemy's fleet and army. After the battle, Menelaus and his men surrendered, and the rest of Cyprus was captured by Demetrius. In the wake of this victory, Antigonus assumed the royal title that had been vacant since the murder of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander's underage son</a>. This act influenced the other Diadochi to follow and imitate Antigonus and Demetrius. Quickly after the battle, most Diadochi had officially assumed the kingship. </p><p>The battle was a turning point in the Diadochic Wars and placed the Antigonids in a position of supremacy in the emerging Hellenistic world. In addition, the adoption of the royal title had a lasting impact on the Hellenistic period. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Diadochi" title="Wars of the Diadochi">wars of the Diadochi</a> that followed the death of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy I">Ptolemy</a>, who had seized control of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a>, had taken over the island of <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> and used it as a base of operations against his rival <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a>. From Cyprus, Ptolemy's forces were able to raid the coasts of <a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Syria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, territories controlled by Antigonus. In early 306 BC, Antigonus resolved to remove this threat, and ordered his son, <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius I of Macedon">Demetrius</a>, to capture the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius at the time was in Greece, where he had in the previous year overthrown the garrison installed in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a> by the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a>. The city, along with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Megara" title="Megara">Megara</a>, was restored to democratic rule, and allied itself with Demetrius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990146–151_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990146–151-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, when Demetrius sailed from Athens in spring 306 to capture Cyprus, he was accompanied by 30 Athenian <a href="/wiki/Quadriremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadriremes">quadriremes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_227_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_227-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crossing the Aegean, Demetrius made for the coast of <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a>, whence he called upon the <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodians</a> to join him, per the terms of their alliance with his father. The Rhodians, however, who maintained good relations with Ptolemy, refused.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_202–203,_207–208_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_202–203,_207–208-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Going on to <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a>, where he was reinforced with more troops, Demetrius then crossed over to Cyprus with an army of 15,000 <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> and 500 <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>. This was accompanied by a fleet numbering 53 heavy ships — 7 <a href="/wiki/Heptereis" class="mw-redirect" title="Heptereis">heptereis</a>, 10 <a href="/wiki/Hexereis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexereis">hexereis</a>, 20 <a href="/wiki/Quinqueremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinqueremes">quinqueremes</a> — and upwards of 110 lighter vessels—<a href="/wiki/Triremes" class="mw-redirect" title="Triremes">triremes</a> and quadriremes — although the exact numbers are somewhat unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152,_153_(note_38)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152,_153_(note_38)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was opposed by Ptolemy's brother, <a href="/wiki/Menelaus_(son_of_Lagus)" title="Menelaus (son of Lagus)">Menelaus</a>, who disposed of 12,000 infantry, 800 cavalry, and 60 ships.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege_of_Salamis_and_Ptolemy's_arrival_in_Cyprus"><span id="Siege_of_Salamis_and_Ptolemy.27s_arrival_in_Cyprus"></span>Siege of Salamis and Ptolemy's arrival in Cyprus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Siege of Salamis and Ptolemy's arrival in Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:162px;max-width:162px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/160px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/240px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg/320px-Ptolemy_I_Soter_Louvre_Ma849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4050" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg/180px-Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg/270px-Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg/360px-Demetrios_Poliorketes_MAN_Napoli_Inv6149.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2650" data-file-height="3533" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Marble busts of the two opposing commanders at Salamis, Ptolemy (left) and Demetrius (right)</div></div></div></div> <p>Demetrius landed on the <a href="/wiki/Karpasia_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Karpasia Peninsula">Karpasia Peninsula</a> on the northeast of the island and established a fortified encampment, protected by a <a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">palisade</a> and a moat. From there he began raiding the area, and captured the towns of <a href="/wiki/Karpasia_(town)" title="Karpasia (town)">Karpasia</a> and Urania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leaving his fleet there, he then marched on land against the city of <a href="/wiki/Salamis,_Cyprus" title="Salamis, Cyprus">Salamis</a>. Menelaus confronted Demetrius in battle some forty <i><a href="/wiki/Stadion_(unit)" title="Stadion (unit)">stadia</a></i> (about five miles) from the city, but his army of 12,000 infantry and 800 cavalry were defeated in a brief battle with heavy loss (1,000 dead and 3,000 captured according to <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>) and had to retreat behind its walls. Demetrius freed the captives and enrolled them in his army, but soon they tried to defect, so Demetrius sent them to his father in Syria instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2–4_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2–4-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the battle, Menelaus hastily made ready for a siege of Salamis, mounting catapults on the walls, and sent messengers to his brother for aid. Demetrius also began preparations for the first of the sieges that would earn Demetrius his later nickname of "Poliorcetes" ("the Besieger"): skilled craftsmen and large quantities of wood and iron were brought from Asia to begin constructing large <a href="/wiki/Siege_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege engines">siege engines</a>, including two large <a href="/wiki/Battering_ram" title="Battering ram">battering rams</a> encased in large canopies to protect them from missiles, and a massive, nine-level mobile <a href="/wiki/Siege_tower" title="Siege tower">siege tower</a> or <a href="/wiki/Helepolis" title="Helepolis">helepolis</a>, equipped with catapults and <a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">ballistae</a> on each level, operated by a crew of over 200 men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.7–8_&_20.48.1–3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.7–8_&_20.48.1–3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius then brought his fleet and siege train into action and assaulted the city. After a few days, Demetrius' machines opened a breach in the wall and his subsequent assault nearly proved decisive, and was only stopped by nightfall. During the night, Menelaus gathered flammable material and was able to set the largest siege engines on fire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152–153_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152–153-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.48.4–7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.48.4–7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, in response to his brother's appeals, Ptolemy himself had sailed from <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> at the head of his fleet. He arrived at <a href="/wiki/Paphus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paphus">Paphus</a>, on the western coast of Cyprus, at the head of 140 warships,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all quadriremes and quinqueremes, and of over 10,000 men on 200 transports.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.1–2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.1–2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, Ptolemy issued an ultimatum to Demetrius to leave Cyprus, while the latter countered with the offer that he would do so, if Ptolemy were to withdraw his garrisons from the cities of <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Corinth" title="Ancient Corinth">Corinth</a> in Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_15.2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_15.2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ptolemy decided to try to make a night dash from <a href="/wiki/Citium" class="mw-redirect" title="Citium">Citium</a>, round <a href="/wiki/Cape_Greko" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Greko">Cape Greko</a>, to Salamis, hoping to surprise Demetrius and combine his fleet with his brother’s sixty ships so they could then outnumber Demetrius. Demetrius, however, informed of Ptolemy's arrival, took steps in order to prevent this from happening: he equipped his ships with missile-throwers, brought aboard his best troops as marines, and sailed his fleet to anchor just outside the harbour of the city, bottling up Menelaus in the harbour and interposing himself between the two enemy fleets. This meant that Demetrius took a calculated risk that he would be able to defeat Ptolemy before Menelaus could sail out of the harbour and attack him in the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.3–5,_20.50.5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.3–5,_20.50.5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naval_combat_before_Salamis">Naval combat before Salamis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Naval combat before Salamis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg/300px-Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg/450px-Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg/600px-Heinrich_Kiepert._Asia_citerior.Cyprus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1347" data-file-height="798" /></a><figcaption>Map of ancient Cyprus.</figcaption></figure> <p>As Ptolemy's fleet came into view of the city right after dawn on the day of the battle, they found Demetrius' fleet deployed and waiting for them. His fleet augmented to some 180 vessels with ships captured in Cyprus, Demetrius concentrated the bulk against Ptolemy, leaving only 10 quinqueremes under Antisthenes to blockade the narrow exit of the harbour of Salamis and prevent or at least delay Menelaus' intervention. Demetrius had gathered his best ships—the seven <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> heptereis, the Athenian squadron, and behind them 10 hexereis and 10 quinqueremes—on the left, under command of the admiral <a href="/wiki/Medius_of_Larissa" title="Medius of Larissa">Medius of Larissa</a>. Medius was apparently the actual overall commander of the fleet, although Demetrius himself was also present on the left wing on his flagship, a hepteres. His centre comprised the lightest vessels in his fleet, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Themison_of_Samos" title="Themison of Samos">Themison of Samos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marsyas_of_Pella" title="Marsyas of Pella">Marsyas of Pella</a>, while the right was entrusted to <a href="/wiki/Hegesippus_of_Halicarnassus" title="Hegesippus of Halicarnassus">Hegesippus of Halicarnassus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pleistias_of_Cos" title="Pleistias of Cos">Pleistias of Cos</a>, the chief pilot (<i>archikybernetes</i>, the second-in-command after Medius) of the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154,_267_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154,_267-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.1–4_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.1–4-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ptolemy quickly matched his fleet to mirror his opponent's dispositions: he ordered the transports carrying his army to fall back, and massed the largest ships of his fleet on his own left, which he commanded in person.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.5–6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.5–6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Billows" title="Richard Billows">Richard Billows</a> writes, "the battle was in effect a race to see which of the two dynasts could first defeat the enemy's right wing and turn to attack the enemy's center", with the "added question of whether or not Menelaus would succeed in breaking out of Salamis in time to intervene".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Diodorus Siculus, who provides the fullest, and probably most reliable, account of the battle,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154–155_(note_39)_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154–155_(note_39)-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the two fleets were about three <i>stadia</i> apart, both Demetrius and Ptolemy raised the signal to attack (a gilded shield), and the two fleets charged each other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.1–2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.1–2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diodorus describes the <a href="/wiki/Ramming" title="Ramming">ramming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">boarding</a> actions, as well as the missile exchanges, that dominated the fight: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[U]sing their bows and their <a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">ballistae</a> at first, then their <a href="/wiki/Javelin" title="Javelin">javelins</a> in a shower, the men wounded those who were within range; then when the ships had come close together and the encounter was about to take place with violence, the soldiers on the decks crouched down and the oarsmen, spurred on by the signalmen, bent more desperately to their oars. As the ships drove together with force and violence, in some cases they swept off each other's oars so that the ships became useless for flight or pursuit, and the men who were on board, though eager for a fight, were prevented from joining in the battle; but where the ships had met prow to prow with their <a href="/wiki/Naval_ram" title="Naval ram">rams</a>, they drew back for another charge, and the soldiers on board shot at each other with effect since the mark was close at hand for each party. Some of the men, when their captains had delivered a broadside blow and the rams had become firmly fixed, leaped aboard the ships of the enemy, receiving and giving severe wounds; for certain of them, after grasping the rail of a ship that was drawing near, missed their footing, fell into the sea, and at once were killed with spears by those who stood above them; and others, making good their intent, slew some of the enemy and, forcing others along the narrow deck, drove them into the sea. As a whole the fighting was varied and full of surprises: many times those who were weaker got the upper hand because of the height of their ships, and those who were stronger were foiled by inferiority of position and by the irregularity with which things happen in fighting of this kind.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Diodorus Siculus, <i>The Library of History</i>, <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.2–5_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.2–5-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Demetrius himself won distinction for his bravery when Ptolemy's men boarded his flagship, "by hurling his javelins at some of them and by striking others at close range with his spear", despite being himself subject to "many missiles of all sorts". Of his three bodyguards, who tried to protect him with their shields, one was killed and the others severely wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.1–2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.1–2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Athenians also fought with distinction, as Demetrius awarded 1,200 suits of armour to Athens from the spoils taken.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, both left wings proved victorious, but it was Demetrius who won the race: by the time Ptolemy turned to attack Demetrius' centre, he found the rest of his fleet already defeated and in flight. Menelaus' 60 ships meanwhile, under the command of Menoetius, managed to break through Demetrius' blockade, only to find the battle already lost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.3_&_20.52.5_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.3_&_20.52.5-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath_of_the_battle">Aftermath of the battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aftermath of the battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Demetrius tasked Neon and <a href="/wiki/Burichus" title="Burichus">Burichus</a> with pursuing the defeated enemy and picking up the men from the sea, and returned in triumph to his camp. According to Diodorus, his fleet had only lost 20 damaged ships, all of which returned to service after repairs, while Ptolemy's fleet had lost 80 ships. More importantly, Demetrius' forces had captured fully 40 of Ptolemy's warships intact with their crews, as well as over a hundred of the transports with some 8,000 troops aboard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.4_&_20.52.6_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.4_&_20.52.6-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plutarch goes further, claiming that Ptolemy managed to save only eight of his ships, and that 70 of Ptolemy's ships were captured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the numerous prisoners taken by Demetrius was the courtesan <a href="/wiki/Lamia_of_Athens" title="Lamia of Athens">Lamia of Athens</a>, who later became the mistress of Demetrius, as well as Leontiscus, one of Ptolemy's sons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.3–4_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.3–4-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius sent his flagship to Syria with <a href="/wiki/Aristodemus_of_Miletus" title="Aristodemus of Miletus">Aristodemus of Miletus</a> to report the victory to Antigonus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius''_17.2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius''_17.2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his defeat, Ptolemy retreated to Egypt, and Menelaus was forced to surrender Salamis and its garrison, further increasing Demetrius' strength. Demetrius then moved to take over the rest of Cyprus, taking over the garrisons into his own army as well. According to Diodorus, the total strength added to his forces thus were 16,000 infantry and 800 cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.4_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.4-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite their rivalry, the relationship between Ptolemy and Demetrius was characterized by a mutual respect and chivalrous conduct: after the Ptolemaic victory at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(312_BC)" title="Battle of Gaza (312 BC)">Gaza</a> in spring 312 BC Ptolemy had unconditionally released the captives and baggage train of Demetrius',<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_5.2–3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_5.2–3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a gesture reciprocated by Demetrius after his success at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myus" title="Battle of Myus">Myus</a> in the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_6.2–3_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_6.2–3-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius honoured this after Salamis as well, immediately releasing Menelaus and other relatives and friends of Ptolemy who had been captured with their personal possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_17.1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_17.1-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Ptolemy recaptured Cyprus in 295 BC, and found Demetrius' mother and children at Salamis, he again reciprocated by immediately releasing them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_35.3_&_38.1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_35.3_&_38.1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The victory at Salamis was used by Antigonus as a suitable pretext for his own proclamation as king (<i><a href="/wiki/Basileus" title="Basileus">basileus</a></i>), the Macedonian throne having lain vacant since the murder of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV of Macedon</a> by Cassander in 309 BC. At the same time, Demetrius was raised to co-king alongside his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155–159_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155–159-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.2_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.2-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antigonus' assumption of the royal title was followed by an attempt to eliminate Ptolemy for good in a massive, but failed, invasion of Egypt in autumn 306,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990162–164_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990162–164-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then by the celebrated, but equally unsuccessful, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(305%E2%80%93304_BC)" title="Siege of Rhodes (305–304 BC)">Siege of Rhodes</a> by Demetrius in 305–304 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990164–169_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990164–169-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in 302 BC the remaining dynasts—Ptolemy, Cassander, <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lysimachus" title="Lysimachus">Lysimachus</a>—having in turn assumed the royal title themselves, allied against Antigonus and defeated him in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ipsus" title="Battle of Ipsus">Battle of Ipsus</a> in 301 BC. Antigonus was killed, and his realm was broken up and divided among the victors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990169–185_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990169–185-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius survived the battle, and thanks to his large fleet managed to maintain control of a coastal and insular realm encompassing Cyprus, the <a href="/wiki/Cyclades" title="Cyclades">Cyclades</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a>, Corinth, and the major cities of western Asia Minor. During the next years, Cyprus became a base of operations for Demetrius in the Levant, and for his imposition of control over Athens and southern Greece. During his absence in Greece, however, Ptolemy seized Cyprus in 295 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray2012121–122_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray2012121–122-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Battle of Salamis is proposed by modern scholars as one of three possible naval battles—along with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amorgos" title="Battle of Amorgos">Battle of Amorgos</a> (322 BC) and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cos" title="Battle of Cos">Battle of Cos</a> (261/255 BC)—that provided the occasion for the erection of the statue of the <a href="/wiki/Nike_of_Samothrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Nike of Samothrace">Nike of Samothrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This number is given by <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> (20.49.2) as well as <a href="/wiki/Polyaenus" title="Polyaenus">Polyaenus</a> (<i>Stratagems in War</i>, 4.7.7), while <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> (<i>Demetrius</i>, 16.1) mentions 150 warships.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 151–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990146–151-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990146–151_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 146–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_227-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_227_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 151, 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_202–203,_207–208-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151,_202–203,_207–208_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 151, 202–203, 207–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152,_153_(note_38)-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990151–152,_153_(note_38)_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 151–152, 153 (note 38).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.47.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2–4-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.2–4_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.47.2–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.7–8_&_20.48.1–3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.47.7–8_&_20.48.1–3_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.47.7–8 & 20.48.1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152–153-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990152–153_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 152–153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.48.4–7-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.48.4–7_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.48.4–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.1–2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.1–2_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.49.1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_15.2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_15.2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 15.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 153–154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.3–5,_20.50.5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.49.3–5,_20.50.5_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.49.3–5, 20.50.5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154,_267-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990153–154,_267_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 153–154, 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.1–4-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.1–4_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.50.1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.5–6-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.50.5–6_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.50.5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154–155_(note_39)-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990154–155_(note_39)_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 154–155 (note 39).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.1–2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.1–2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.51.1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.2–5-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.51.2–5_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.51.2–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.1–2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.1–2_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.52.1–2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.3_&_20.52.5-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.3_&_20.52.5_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.52.3 & 20.52.5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.4_&_20.52.6-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.52.4_&_20.52.6_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.52.4 & 20.52.6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.2-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.2_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 16.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.3–4-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.3–4_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 16.3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.1_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.53.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius''_17.2-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius''_17.2_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i> 17.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.4-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_16.4_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 16.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_5.2–3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_5.2–3_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 5.2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_6.2–3-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_6.2–3_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 6.2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_17.1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_17.1_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 17.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_35.3_&_38.1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlutarch''Demetrius'',_35.3_&_38.1_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Demetrius</i>, 35.3 & 38.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155–159-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990155–159_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 155–159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.2-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiodorus_Siculus20.53.2_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a>, 20.53.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990162–164-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990162–164_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 162–164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990164–169-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990164–169_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 164–169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBillows1990169–185-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBillows1990169–185_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBillows1990">Billows 1990</a>, pp. 169–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray2012121–122-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray2012121–122_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurray2012">Murray 2012</a>, pp. 121–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1926" class="citation journal cs1">Lawrence, A. W. (1926). "The Date of the Nike of Samothrace". <i>Journal of Hellenic Studies</i>. <b>46</b>: 213–218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F625309">10.2307/625309</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/625309">625309</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162404047">162404047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Date+of+the+Nike+of+Samothrace&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=213-218&rft.date=1926&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162404047%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F625309%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F625309&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=A.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Salamis+%28306+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Salamis_(306_BC)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillows1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Billows" title="Richard Billows">Billows, Richard A.</a> (1990). <i>Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State</i>. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-20880-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-20880-3"><bdi>0-520-20880-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antigonos+the+One-Eyed+and+the+Creation+of+the+Hellenistic+State&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-520-20880-3&rft.aulast=Billows&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Salamis+%28306+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiodorus_Siculus" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diodorus_Siculus" title="Diodorus Siculus">Diodorus Siculus</a> (1954). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/diodorussiculus09diod"><i>The Library of History</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> 390. Translated by Russel M. Geer. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674994294" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674994294"><bdi>978-0-674994294</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Library+of+History&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library+390&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1954&rft.isbn=978-0-674994294&rft.au=Diodorus+Siculus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiodorussiculus09diod&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Salamis+%28306+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2012" class="citation book cs1">Murray, William (2012). <i>The Age of Titans, the Rise and Fall of the Great Hellenistic Navies</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538864-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538864-0"><bdi>978-0-19-538864-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Titans%2C+the+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Great+Hellenistic+Navies&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-538864-0&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Salamis+%28306+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlutarch" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Demetrius*.html"><i>Lives, Volume IX: Demetrius and Antony, Pyrrhus and Gaius Marius</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> L101. Translated by Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674991125" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674991125"><bdi>978-0-674991125</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives%2C+Volume+IX%3A+Demetrius+and+Antony%2C+Pyrrhus+and+Gaius+Marius&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library+L101&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1920&rft.isbn=978-0-674991125&rft.au=Plutarch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FRoman%2FTexts%2FPlutarch%2FLives%2FDemetrius%2A.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Salamis+%28306+BC%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battles_of_the_Punic_Wars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punic_Wars_navbox" title="Template:Punic Wars navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punic_Wars_navbox" title="Template talk:Punic Wars navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punic_Wars_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punic Wars navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battles_of_the_Punic_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Battles of the <a href="/wiki/Punic_Wars" title="Punic Wars">Punic Wars</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_between_Rome_and_Carthage" title="Treaties between Rome and Carthage">Treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Messana" title="Battle of Messana">Messana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Agrigentum" title="Battle of Agrigentum">Agrigentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lipari_Islands" title="Battle of the Lipari Islands">Lipari Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thermae" title="Battle of Thermae">Thermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sulci" title="Battle of Sulci">Sulci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tyndaris" title="Battle of Tyndaris">Tyndaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Ecnomus" title="Battle of Cape Ecnomus">Cape Ecnomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aspis" title="Siege of Aspis">Aspis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Adys" title="Battle of Adys">Adys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(255_BC)" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (255 BC)">Bagradas (Tunis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_withdrawal_from_Africa,_255_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman withdrawal from Africa, 255 BC">Cape Hermaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panormus" title="Battle of Panormus">Panormus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Lilybaeum_(250%E2%80%93241_BC)" title="Siege of Lilybaeum (250–241 BC)">Lilybaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Drepana" title="Siege of Drepana">Drepana (siege)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mount_Ercte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mount Ercte (page does not exist)">Mount Ercte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Mount_Eryx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="First Battle of Mount Eryx (page does not exist)">1st Mt. Eryx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Mount_Eryx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Mount Eryx (page does not exist)">2nd Mt. Eryx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lutatius" title="Treaty of Lutatius">Treaty of Lutatius</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png/90px-Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png/135px-Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png/180px-Hannibal_Slodtz_Louvre_MR2093.png 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mercenary_War" title="Mercenary War">Mercenary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica" title="Battle of Utica">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bagradas_River_(c._240_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Bagradas River (c. 240 BC)">Bagradas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilcar%27s_victory_with_Naravas" title="Hamilcar's victory with Naravas">Hamilcar's victory with Naravas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carthage_(Mercenary_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Carthage (Mercenary War)">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saw" title="Battle of the Saw">The Saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tunis_(Mercenary_War)" title="Siege of Tunis (Mercenary War)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leptis_Parva" title="Battle of Leptis Parva">Leptis Parva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_of_the_Second_Punic_War" title="List of battles of the Second Punic War">(Battles)</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saguntum" title="Siege of Saguntum">Saguntum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lilybaeum" title="Battle of Lilybaeum">Lilybaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Malta_(218_BC)" title="Capture of Malta (218 BC)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhone_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Rhone Crossing">Rhone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps" title="Hannibal's crossing of the Alps">Crossing of the Alps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cissa" title="Battle of Cissa">Cissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ticinus" title="Battle of Ticinus">Ticinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trebia" title="Battle of the Trebia">Trebia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ebro_River" title="Battle of Ebro River">Ebro River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Falernus" title="Battle of Ager Falernus">Ager Falernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Geronium" title="Battle of Geronium">Geronium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cannae" title="Battle of Cannae">Cannae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Silva_Litana" title="Battle of Silva Litana">Silva Litana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(216_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (216 BC)">1st Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ibera" title="Battle of Ibera">Ibera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(215_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (215 BC)">2nd Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Decimomannu" title="Battle of Decimomannu">Decimomannu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nola_(214_BC)" title="Battle of Nola (214 BC)">3rd Nola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(214_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (214 BC)">1st Beneventum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(213%E2%80%93212_BC)" title="Siege of Syracuse (213–212 BC)">Syracuse</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Archimedes%27_heat_ray" title="Archimedes' heat ray">Heat ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Claw_of_Archimedes" title="Claw of Archimedes">Claw of Archimedes</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Tarentum (212 BC)">1st Tarentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beneventum_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Beneventum (212 BC)">2nd Beneventum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capua" title="Battle of Capua">1st Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Silarus" title="Battle of the Silarus">Silarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herdonia_(212_BC)" title="Battle of Herdonia (212 BC)">1st Herdonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Upper_Baetis" title="Battle of the Upper Baetis">Upper Baetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Capua_(211_BC)" title="Siege of Capua (211 BC)">2nd Capua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Herdonia_(210_BC)" title="Battle of Herdonia (210 BC)">2nd Herdonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Numistro" title="Battle of Numistro">Numistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Canusium" title="Battle of Canusium">Canusium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarentum_(209_BC)" title="Battle of Tarentum (209 BC)">2nd Tarentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Carthage" title="Battle of New Carthage">New Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baecula" title="Battle of Baecula">Baecula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petelia" title="Battle of Petelia">Petelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grumentum" title="Battle of Grumentum">Grumentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Metaurus" title="Battle of the Metaurus">Metaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ilipa" title="Battle of Ilipa">Ilipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_at_Sucro" title="Mutiny at Sucro">Sucro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carteia" title="Battle of Carteia">Carteia (land)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carteia_(naval)" title="Battle of Carteia (naval)">Carteia (naval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crotona" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Crotona">Crotona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Utica_(204_BC)" title="Siege of Utica (204 BC)">1st Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utica_(203_BC)" title="Battle of Utica (203 BC)">2nd Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Great_Plains" title="Battle of the Great Plains">Great Plains (Bagradas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cirta" title="Battle of Cirta">Cirta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Insubria" title="Battle of Insubria">Insubria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zama" title="Battle of Zama">Zama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_Punic_War" title="Third Punic War">Third Punic War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Tunis" title="Battle of Lake Tunis">Lake Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Nepheris" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Nepheris">1st Nepheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Port_of_Carthage" title="Battle of the Port of Carthage">Port of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nepheris_(147_BC)" title="Battle of Nepheris (147 BC)">2nd Nepheris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Carthage_(Third_Punic_War)" title="Siege of Carthage (Third Punic War)">Carthage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Punic_Wars" title="Category:Punic Wars">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military history</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_seafaring" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_seafaring" title="Template talk:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_seafaring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient seafaring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_seafaring" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_seafaring" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient seafaring">Ancient seafaring</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Vessels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Vessels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">Types</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Balangay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangka_(boat)" title="Bangka (boat)">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beden" title="Beden">Beden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coracle" title="Coracle">Coracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhow" title="Dhow">Dhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_boat" title="Dragon boat">Dragon boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_canoe" title="Dugout canoe">Dugout canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">Galley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penteconter" title="Penteconter">Penteconter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%27unlun_po" class="mw-redirect" title="K'unlun po">Kunlun ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liburna" title="Liburna">Liburna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longship" title="Longship">Longship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihull" title="Multihull">Multihull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria" title="Navis lusoria">Navis lusoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obelisk_ship" title="Obelisk ship">Obelisk ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_boat" title="Outrigger boat">Outriggers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Sakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-outrigger" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-outrigger">Single-outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">Catamaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimaran" title="Trimaran">Trimaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polyremes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bireme" title="Bireme">Bireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic-era_warships" title="Hellenistic-era warships">Oared warships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trireme" title="Trireme">Trireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrireme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrireme">Quadrireme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinquereme" class="mw-redirect" title="Quinquereme">Quinquereme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hexareme" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexareme">Hexareme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tessarakonteres" title="Tessarakonteres">Tessarakonteres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">Raft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_boat" title="Reed boat">Reed boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">Sailing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_ships" title="Ancient Egyptian royal ships">Solar ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomol" title="Tomol">Tomol</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kitimu" title="Tākitimu">Tākitimu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uru_(boat)" title="Uru (boat)">Uru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_vessels#History" title="Austronesian vessels">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Propulsion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paddling" title="Paddling">Paddling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">Towing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poling_(watercraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poling (watercraft)">Poling </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_(watercraft)" title="Bow (watercraft)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabin_(ship)" title="Cabin (ship)">Cabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(ship)" title="Deck (ship)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurehead_(object)" title="Figurehead (object)">Figurehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">Hull</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building#Construction_materials_and_methods" title="Boat building">Planking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">Keel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast_(sailing)" title="Mast (sailing)">Mast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddle" title="Paddle">Paddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">Rudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudder#History_of_the_rudder" title="Rudder">Steering oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail" title="Sail">Sail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sail_components" title="Sail components">Sail components</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">Stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">Sternpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strake" title="Strake">Strake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile_boat#Boat_design_/_steering" title="Nile boat">Tiller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_shipbuilding_techniques" title="Ancient shipbuilding techniques">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boat_building" title="Boat building">Boat building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careening" title="Careening">Careening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvel_(boat_building)" title="Carvel (boat building)">Carvel built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">Clinker built</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortise_and_tenon" title="Mortise and tenon">Mortise and tenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lashed-lug_boat" title="Lashed-lug boat">Lashed-lug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewn_boat" title="Sewn boat">Sewn-plank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_technology#Navigation_and_ship_building" title="Ancient Egyptian technology">Egypt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rigging" title="Rigging">Rigging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crab_claw_sail" title="Crab claw sail">Crab claw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">Fore-and-aft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">Lateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settee_(sail)" title="Settee (sail)">Settee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanja_sail" title="Tanja sail">Tanja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Triangular_sail_rig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triangular sail rig (page does not exist)">Triangular sail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_rig" title="Junk rig">Junk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mast-aft_rig" title="Mast-aft rig">Mast-aft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spritsail" title="Spritsail">Spritsail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_rig" title="Square rig">Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Armaments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballista" title="Ballista">Ballista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catapult" title="Catapult">Catapult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvus_(boarding_device)" title="Corvus (boarding device)">Corvus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_(weapon)" title="Dolphin (weapon)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_ship" title="Fire ship">Fire ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpax" title="Harpax">Harpax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_ram" title="Naval ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca_(siege_engine)" title="Sambuca (siege engine)">Sambuca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Navigation,_and_ports_and_harbors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Navigation, and ports and harbors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">Celestial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography" title="History of cartography">Charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portolan_chart" title="Portolan chart">Portolan chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutter_(nautical)" title="Rutter (nautical)">Rutter (nautical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_navigation" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal navigation">Coastal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouses">Lighthouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_navigation" title="History of navigation">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piloting" title="Piloting">Piloting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_boat" title="Pilot boat">Pilot boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_pilot" title="Maritime pilot">Maritime pilot</a></li></ul></li> <li>By region: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_navigation" title="Inuit navigation">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Port#Historical_ports" title="Port">Ports</a> and<br />harbors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aden" title="Aden">Aden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adulis" title="Adulis">Adulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arikamedu" title="Arikamedu">Arikamedu</a> (Podouke)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_(Gulf_of_Suez)" title="Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)">Arsinoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avalites" title="Avalites">Avalites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbarikon" title="Barbarikon">Barbarikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharuch" title="Bharuch">Barygaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_Troglodytica" title="Berenice Troglodytica">Berenice Troglodytica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canopus,_Egypt" title="Canopus, Egypt">Canopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essina" title="Essina">Essina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi" title="Jiaozhi">Giao Chỉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godavaya" title="Godavaya">Godavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Guangzhou" title="Port of Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> (Canton)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Jambukola" title="Port of Jambukola">Jambukola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puhar,_Mayiladuthurai" title="Puhar, Mayiladuthurai">Kaveri Poompattinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> (Kadaram)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkai" title="Korkai">Korkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothal#Dockyard" title="Lothal">Lothal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthai" title="Manthai">Manthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malao" title="Malao">Malao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersa_Gawasis" title="Mersa Gawasis">Mersa Gawasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myos_Hormos" title="Myos Hormos">Myos Hormos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mottama" title="Mottama">Martaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonburi_province" title="Chonburi province">Mueang Phra Rot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziris" title="Muziris">Muziris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93c_Eo" title="Óc Eo">Óc Eo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cattigara" title="Cattigara">Cattigara</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opone" title="Opone">Opone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piraeus#Ancient_and_medieval_times" title="Piraeus">Piraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosphorion_Harbour" title="Prosphorion Harbour">Prosphorion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemais_Theron" title="Ptolemais Theron">Ptolemais Theron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qandala" title="Qandala">Qandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhacotis" title="Rhacotis">Rhacotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarapion" title="Sarapion">Sarapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathing_Phra_district" title="Sathing Phra district">Satingpra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonargaon" title="Sonargaon">Sounagoura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trincomalee" title="Trincomalee">Trincomalee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulum" title="Tulum">Tulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndis" title="Tyndis">Tyndis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Jarf" title="Wadi al-Jarf">Wadi al-Jarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zanzibar" title="History of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_maritime_history" title="Ancient maritime history">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_prehistory" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime prehistory">Prehistory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_timeline#Prehistory" title="Maritime timeline">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceania#Prehistory_of_Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civilizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Hu%E1%BB%B3nh_culture" title="Sa Huỳnh culture">Sa Huỳnh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara">Tarumanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalingga_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Kingdom" title="Sunda Kingdom">Sunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Minoan Civilization">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamilakam" title="Tamilakam">Tamilakam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Chola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandya_dynasty" title="Pandya dynasty">Pandya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Somalia" title="Maritime history of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmecs" title="Olmecs">Olmecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthaginian_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Carthaginian civilization">Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_city-states" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek city-states">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">Classical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabataean_Kingdom" title="Nabataean Kingdom">Nabatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aksum" title="Kingdom of Aksum">Aksum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Rome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Migration and<br />exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Australia">Peopling of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peopling_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peopling of Micronesia">Peopling of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Migration_from_Taiwan" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian Expansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_exploration" title="Ocean exploration">Ocean exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phoenician_maritime_expansion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phoenician maritime expansion (page does not exist)">Phoenician maritime expansion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician%E2%80%93Punic_Sardinia" title="Phoenician–Punic Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II#Phoenician_expedition" title="Necho II">Circumnavigation of Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas#Voyage_to_Britain" title="Pytheas">Pytheas' voyage to Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">Roman circumnavigation of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_maritime_migration_and_exploration" title="Timeline of maritime migration and exploration">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mariners and<br />explorers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henenu_(high_steward)" title="Henenu (high steward)">Henenu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthymenes" title="Euthymenes">Euthymenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanno_the_Navigator" title="Hanno the Navigator">Hanno the Navigator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himilco" title="Himilco">Himilco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sataspes" title="Sataspes">Sataspes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androsthenes_of_Thasos" title="Androsthenes of Thasos">Androsthenes of Thasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archias_of_Pella" title="Archias of Pella">Archias of Pella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchus" title="Nearchus">Nearchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megasthenes" title="Megasthenes">Megasthenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xu_Fu" title="Xu Fu">Xu Fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippalus" title="Hippalus">Hippalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoxus_of_Cyzicus" title="Eudoxus of Cyzicus">Eudoxus of Cyzicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maes_Titianus" title="Maes Titianus">Maes Titianus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_navies_and_vessels" title="Ancient navies and vessels">Navies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_navy" title="Ancient Egyptian navy">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_navy" title="Achaemenid navy">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_navy" title="Roman navy">Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_battles" title="List of naval battles">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Mediterranean:</b>   <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Alashiya" title="Battles of Alashiya">Alashiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delta" title="Battle of the Delta">Nile Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salamis" title="Battle of Salamis">Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artemisium" title="Battle of Artemisium">Artemisium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eurymedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Eurymedon">Eurymedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naupactus" title="Battle of Naupactus">Naupactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olpae" title="Battle of Olpae">Olpae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Expedition" title="Sicilian Expedition">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cynossema" title="Battle of Cynossema">Cynossema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arginusae" title="Battle of Arginusae">Arginusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mytilene_(406_BC)" title="Battle of Mytilene (406 BC)">Mytilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Hellespont">Hellespont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Echinades_(322_BC)" title="Battle of the Echinades (322 BC)">Echinades</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salamis II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mylae" title="Battle of Mylae">Mylae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Hermaeum" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Cape Hermaeum">Cape Hermaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ecnomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ecnomus">Ecnomus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Drepana" title="Battle of Drepana">Drepana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Aegates" title="Battle of the Aegates">Aegates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Trasimene" title="Battle of Lake Trasimene">Lake Trasimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(201_BC)" title="Battle of Chios (201 BC)">Chios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myonessus" title="Battle of Myonessus">Myonessus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Nile" title="Battle of the Nile">Nile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Naulochus" title="Battle of Naulochus">Naulochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mycale" title="Battle of Mycale">Mycale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Actium" title="Battle of Actium">Actium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappling_hook" title="Grappling hook">Grappling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_device" title="Incendiary device">Incendiaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oared_vessel_tactics" title="Oared vessel tactics">Oared vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship_tactics" title="Sailing ship tactics">Sailing ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_warfare#Naval_tactics" title="Ancient Greek warfare">Greek navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramming" title="Ramming">Ramming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_maritime_history" title="Indian maritime history">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Odisha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ships_of_ancient_Rome" title="Ships of ancient Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_history_of_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime history of South America (page does not exist)">South America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_rafts" title="Pre-Columbian rafts">Rafts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Economy_and_trade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy and <a href="/wiki/Trade#Ancient_history" title="Trade">trade</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_whaling" title="History of whaling">Whaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_trade" title="Ancient Egyptian trade">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Punt" title="Land of Punt">Land of Punt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo–Mesopotamia relations">Indo–Mesopotamia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meluhha" title="Meluhha">Meluhha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_jade_culture" title="Philippine jade culture">Maritime Jade Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_sources_and_trade_in_ancient_times#Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin sources and trade in ancient times">Tin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">Spice trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Southeast_Asia#Early_historical_era" title="History of Southeast Asia">Austronesian network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa_Huynh-Kalanay_Interaction_Sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere">Sa Huynh-Kalanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incense_trade_route" title="Incense trade route">Incense trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Silk_Road" title="Maritime Silk Road">Maritime Silk Road</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea" title="Periplus of the Erythraean Sea">Periplus of the Erythraean Sea</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization" title="Maritime trade in the Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_ancient_Greece#Trade" title="Economy of ancient Greece">Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece%E2%80%93Ancient_India_relations#Trade" title="Ancient Greece–Ancient India relations">Greco–Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_shipping" title="Greek shipping">shipping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_commerce#Sea_routes" title="Roman commerce">Rome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Roman_trade_relations" title="Indo-Roman trade relations">Indo–Roman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Piracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Piracy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piracy#History" title="Piracy">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mediterranean_piracy" title="Ancient Mediterranean piracy">Mediterranean piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameinias_the_Phocian" title="Ameinias the Phocian">Ameinias the Phocian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilician_pirates" title="Cilician pirates">Cilician pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates#Piracy_in_the_ancient_world:_pirates_of_Joppa" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Julius_Caesar#Kidnapping_by_pirates" title="Early life and career of Julius Caesar">Kidnapping of Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompey%27s_campaign_against_the_pirates" title="Pompey's campaign against the pirates">Pompey's campaign against the pirates</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Research_and_education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Research and education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Blackman" title="David Blackman">David Blackman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Casson" title="Lionel Casson">Lionel Casson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fik_Meijer" title="Fik Meijer">Fik Meijer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sinclair_Morrison" title="John Sinclair Morrison">John Sinclair Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ledyard_Rodgers" title="William Ledyard Rodgers">William L. Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Starr" title="Chester G. Starr">Chester G. Starr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Bass_(archaeologist)" title="George Bass (archaeologist)">George Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Empereur" title="Jean-Yves Empereur">Jean-Yves Empereur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Rankov" title="Boris Rankov">Boris Rankov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Richard_Steffy" title="J. Richard Steffy">J. Richard Steffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Throckmorton" title="Peter Throckmorton">Peter Throckmorton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shelley_Wachsmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shelley Wachsmann (page does not exist)">Shelley Wachsmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics<br />and theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence and fortification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_of_Alexandria" title="Lighthouse of Alexandria">Alexandria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_art" title="Marine art">Marine art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_navigation" title="Marine navigation">Marine navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_archaeology" title="Maritime archaeology">Maritime archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare#Mediterranean_Sea" title="Naval warfare">Naval warfare</a></li> <li>Maritime temples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Isthmia" title="Temple of Isthmia">Temple of Isthmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Poseidon,_Sounion" title="Temple of Poseidon, Sounion">Temple of Poseidon, Sounion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Samothrace temple complex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusantao_Maritime_Trading_and_Communication_Network" title="Nusantao Maritime Trading and Communication Network">Nusantao network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_Phoenician_discovery_of_the_Americas" title="Theory of Phoenician discovery of the Americas">Phoenician discovery of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Pre-Columbian theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Peoples" title="Sea Peoples">Sea Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden#Shells" title="Midden">Shell middens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">Ship burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacking_(sailing)" title="Tacking (sailing)">Tacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassocracy" title="Thalassocracy">Thalassocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_archaeology" title="Underwater archaeology">Underwater archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_exploration" title="Underwater exploration">Underwater exploration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_shipwrecks" title="Archaeology of shipwrecks">Wrecks<br />and relics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_before_Anno_Domini" title="List of shipwrecks before Anno Domini">Earliest</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufuna_canoe" title="Dufuna canoe">Dufuna canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abydos_boats" title="Abydos boats">Abydos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Sand_site" title="Moor Sand site">Moor Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokos_shipwreck" title="Dokos shipwreck">Dokos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu_ship" title="Khufu ship">Khufu ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover_Bronze_Age_Boat" title="Dover Bronze Age Boat">Dover Bronze Age Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluburun_shipwreck" title="Uluburun shipwreck">Uluburun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_shipwreck" title="Canaanite shipwreck">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Gelidonya#Bronze_Age_shipwreck" title="Cape Gelidonya">Cape Gelidonya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreck_of_Rochelongue" title="Wreck of Rochelongue">Rochelongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjortspring_boat" title="Hjortspring boat">Hjortspring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontian_boat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontian boat (page does not exist)">Pontian boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Butuan_boats" title="Balangay">Butuan boats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Black_Sea_shipwrecks" title="Ancient Black Sea shipwrecks">Black Sea‎</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinop_D" title="Sinop D">Sinop D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala</a></li> <li>Greek: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon_shipwrecks" title="Ashkelon shipwrecks">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrenia ship">Kyrenia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leontophoros" title="Leontophoros">Leontophoros</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syracusia" title="Syracusia">Syracusia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Phoenician: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Gozo Phoenician shipwreck">Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_de_la_Campana_Phoenician_shipwreck" title="Bajo de la Campana Phoenician shipwreck">Bajo de la Campana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Punic: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_Punic_shipwreck" title="Marsala Punic shipwreck">Marsala Punic shipwreck</a></li></ul></li> <li>Roman: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alkedo" title="Alkedo">Alkedo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arles_Rh%C3%B4ne_3" title="Arles Rhône 3">Arles Rhône 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_shipwrecks" title="Blackfriars shipwrecks">Blackfriars I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula%27s_Giant_Ship" title="Caligula's Giant Ship">Caligula's Giant Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ships_of_De_Meern" title="The Ships of De Meern">De Meern ships</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(ship)" title="Isis (ship)">Isis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madrague_de_Giens_(shipwreck)" title="Madrague de Giens (shipwreck)">Madrague de Giens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemi_ships" title="Nemi ships">Nemi ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_ship_of_Marausa" title="Roman ship of Marausa">Marausa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassi_Ada" title="Yassi Ada">Yassi Ada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lists: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_surviving_ships" title="List of oldest surviving ships">Oldest surviving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museum_ships" title="List of museum ships">Museum ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_ancient_ships" title="List of surviving ancient ships">Surviving ancient ships</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H3_(Kuwait)" title="H3 (Kuwait)">H3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental<br />archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Heyerdahl expeditions</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kon-Tiki_expedition" title="Kon-Tiki expedition">Kon-Tiki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl#Boats_Ra_and_Ra_II" title="Thor Heyerdahl"><i>Ra</i> and <i>Ra II</i></a></li></ul></li> <li>Austronesian replicas <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarimanok_(vinta)" title="Sarimanok (vinta)">Sarimanok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Te_Au_o_Tonga" title="Te Au o Tonga">Te Au o Tonga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawai%CA%BBiloa#Canoe" title="Hawaiʻiloa">Hawaiʻiloa canoe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samudra_Raksa" title="Samudra Raksa">Samudra Raksa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakman" title="Sakman">Saina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay#Balangay_Voyage" title="Balangay">Balangay Voyage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fa%CA%BBafaite" title="Faʻafaite">Faʻafaite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaualofa" title="Gaualofa">Gaualofa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marumaru_Atua" title="Marumaru Atua">Marumaru Atua</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Mediterranean <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olympias_(trireme)" title="Olympias (trireme)">Olympias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navis_lusoria#Other_reconstructions" title="Navis lusoria">Regina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_Ship_Expedition" title="Phoenician Ship Expedition">Phoenician Ship Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ship_replica" title="Viking ship replica">Viking replicas</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Viking_(replica_Viking_longship)" title="Viking (replica Viking longship)">Viking</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Others <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Alsar_Pacific_raft_expeditions" title="Vital Alsar Pacific raft expeditions">Vital Alsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivlia_(ship)" title="Ivlia (ship)"><i>Ivlia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abora_(expeditions)" title="Abora (expeditions)">Abora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viracocha_expedition" title="Viracocha expedition">Viracocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangaroa_Expedition" title="Tangaroa Expedition">Tangaroa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutes and <br />conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advisory_Council_on_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology">Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Institute_of_America" title="Archaeological Institute of America">Archaeological Institute of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Association_of_Archaeologists" title="European Association of Archaeologists">European Association of Archaeologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Nautical_Archaeology" title="Institute of Nautical Archaeology">Institute of Nautical Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Congress_of_Maritime_Museums" title="International Congress of Maritime Museums">International Congress of Maritime Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_Archaeology_Society" title="Nautical Archaeology Society">Nautical Archaeology Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPM_Nautical_Foundation" title="RPM Nautical Foundation">RPM Nautical Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Research_Society" title="Sea Research Society">Sea Research Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Archaeology" title="Society for American Archaeology">Society for American Archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums and<br />memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle#Museum_of_Underwater_Archaeology" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giza_Solar_boat_museum" title="Giza Solar boat museum">Giza Solar boat museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Egyptian_Museum" title="Grand Egyptian Museum">Grand Egyptian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrenia_Castle#Shipwreck_museum" title="Kyrenia Castle">Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Seafaring" title="Museum of Ancient Seafaring">Museum of Ancient Seafaring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Ancient_Ships,_Pisa" title="Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa">Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Subaquatic_Archaeology" title="National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology">National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology</a></li> <li>Viking ship museums: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Oslo)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)">Oslo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Ship_Museum_(Roskilde)" title="Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)">Roskilde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/120px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/180px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png/240px-Galley_-_Layard_-_Ninive_page_324_detail.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="353" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center;"><div id="Legend_and_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Legend and literature</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legend" title="Legend">Legend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_bulrushes" title="Ark of bulrushes">Ark of bulrushes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Flood myths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_flood_myths" title="Ancient Greek flood myths">Greek</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)"><i>The Histories</i> (Herodotus)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Ocean_(Pytheas)" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Ocean (Pytheas)">On the Ocean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Histories_(Polybius)" title="The Histories (Polybius)"><i>The Histories</i> (Polybius)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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