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window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":55162247,"created_at":"2021-10-03T09:07:16.488-07:00","from_world_paper_id":175986858,"updated_at":"2024-11-25T11:30:45.743-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"The self-addictive hypothesis of pathological eating habits The pathogenic role of self-addiction Addiction to an endogenous chemical is a new paradigm termed 'self-addiction'. It may contribute to the development of certain habits, the pathological nature of which may set-in on the basis of this \"selfaddictive\"dimension. Pathological eating habits could be inscribed in this perspective. Two extreme situations In well-fed populations, the ingestion of food does not represent a limiting phase in the global feeding process. Its pathological management may, however, lead to two extreme situations: the absence of ingestion (anorexia) and excessive ingestion (bulimia). In favour of the self-addictive hypothesis Eating disorders are associated with abnormal levels of endorphins and share clinical similarities with psychoactive drug abuse. The key role of endorphins has recently been demonstrated in animals with regard to certain aspects of normal, pathological and experimental eating habits (food restriction combined with stress, locomotor hyperactivity). The factors leading to pathological eating habits Neurobiological bases for eating disorders and their durability have recently come to light in the recent implication of abnormalities in the recompense system in the onset of addiction. The endorphin selfaddictive model in fact appears the most pertinent with regard to the clinical profile of eating habits and integrates the role of stress.","publication_date":"2004,,","publication_name":"La Presse Medicale","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"71165590"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"fr","title":"L’hypothèse auto-addictive du comportement alimentaire pathologique","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [49652493]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":71165590,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “L’hypothèse auto-addictive du comportement alimentaire pathologique”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/71165590/mini_magick20211003-10318-f002t8.png?1633296796" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">L’hypothèse auto-addictive du comportement alimentaire pathologique</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49652493" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YasmineLienard"><img alt="Profile image of Yasmine Lienard" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/49652493/120936810/110265854/s65_yasmine.lienard.png" />Yasmine Lienard</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2004, La Presse Medicale</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">8 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 55162247; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The self-addictive hypothesis of pathological eating habits The pathogenic role of self-addiction Addiction to an endogenous chemical is a new paradigm termed 'self-addiction'. It may contribute to the development of certain habits, the pathological nature of which may set-in on the basis of this "selfaddictive"dimension. Pathological eating habits could be inscribed in this perspective. Two extreme situations In well-fed populations, the ingestion of food does not represent a limiting phase in the global feeding process. Its pathological management may, however, lead to two extreme situations: the absence of ingestion (anorexia) and excessive ingestion (bulimia). In favour of the self-addictive hypothesis Eating disorders are associated with abnormal levels of endorphins and share clinical similarities with psychoactive drug abuse. The key role of endorphins has recently been demonstrated in animals with regard to certain aspects of normal, pathological and experimental eating habits (food restriction combined with stress, locomotor hyperactivity). The factors leading to pathological eating habits Neurobiological bases for eating disorders and their durability have recently come to light in the recent implication of abnormalities in the recompense system in the onset of addiction. The endorphin selfaddictive model in fact appears the most pertinent with regard to the clinical profile of eating habits and integrates the role of stress.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":71165590,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/55162247/L_hypoth%C3%A8se_auto_addictive_du_comportement_alimentaire_pathologique"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":71165590,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/55162247/L_hypoth%C3%A8se_auto_addictive_du_comportement_alimentaire_pathologique"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas" data-impression-entity-id="55162247" data-impression-entity-type="2" data-impression-source="signup-banner"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Caribéenne. p76-100</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Alimentation et dépendance idéologique","attachmentId":31126232,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3179231/Alimentation_et_d%C3%A9pendance_id%C3%A9ologique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3179231/Alimentation_et_d%C3%A9pendance_id%C3%A9ologique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="4313429" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4313429/Addictions_de_la_vie_quotidienne_et_mod%C3%A8le_d_%C3%A9conomie_comportementale">Addictions de la vie quotidienne et modèle d’économie comportementale</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5230365" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricLoonis">Éric Loonis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A lot of works gave evidence for everyday addictions, like non pathological addictions, placed on a continuum with pathological addictions. 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Lageix</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Santé mentale au Québec, 1997</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">RÉSUMÉ Plusieurs types de preuves empiriques suggèrent que les troubles de l&#39;alimentation (TA) peuvent être associés de façon importante avec ceux de la personnalité borderline (PB). Dans cet article, nous révisons les observations et données suggérant une affinité apparente entre la PB et la boulimie. Puis, nous discutons l&#39;implication d&#39;une PB comorbide quant à l&#39;expression symptomatique et à la réponse au traitement des TA. 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js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68332232/Troubles_de_l_alimentation_et_personnalit%C3%A9_borderline_quelles_affinit%C3%A9s_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="36018280" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36018280/Du_lien_pathologique_de_laddiction_a_une_possible_autonomie_dans_la_relation">Du lien pathologique de laddiction a une possible autonomie dans la relation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34311718" href="https://bibliotheque-diderot.academia.edu/MarionBlancher">Marion Blancher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Cet article est la seconde partie de l'article (L'addiction et la difficulté de vivre l'incertitude de la relation) publié vendredi 12 mai dernier.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Du lien pathologique de laddiction a une possible autonomie dans la relation","attachmentId":55904941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36018280/Du_lien_pathologique_de_laddiction_a_une_possible_autonomie_dans_la_relation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36018280/Du_lien_pathologique_de_laddiction_a_une_possible_autonomie_dans_la_relation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="25982760" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25982760/Apport_des_neurosciences_de_la_d%C3%A9cision_%C3%A0_l_%C3%A9tude_des_comportements_alimentaires_et_de_l_ob%C3%A9sit%C3%A9">Apport des « neurosciences de la décision » à l’étude des comportements alimentaires et de l’obésité</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30934573" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PascalHuguet">Pascal Huguet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">médecine/sciences, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Apport des « neurosciences de la décision » à l’étude des comportements alimentaires et de l’obésité","attachmentId":46333146,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25982760/Apport_des_neurosciences_de_la_d%C3%A9cision_%C3%A0_l_%C3%A9tude_des_comportements_alimentaires_et_de_l_ob%C3%A9sit%C3%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25982760/Apport_des_neurosciences_de_la_d%C3%A9cision_%C3%A0_l_%C3%A9tude_des_comportements_alimentaires_et_de_l_ob%C3%A9sit%C3%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="11469161" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11469161/Probl%C3%A8mes_du_comportement_alimentaire_en_contexte_du_d%C3%A9sordre_du_spectre_autistique">Problèmes du comportement alimentaire en contexte du désordre du spectre autistique</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6849000" href="https://umontreal.academia.edu/MaximeBanville">Maxime Banville</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">L'Express - Revue de la Fédération québécoise de l'autisme, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">L’autisme s’accompagne souvent de nombreuses manifestations, dont des problèmes alimentaires. Ces derniers peuvent notamment prendre la forme d’un retard dans la capacité de s’alimenter, d’un refus de manger des aliments d’une couleur particulière ou de l’incapacité d’avaler autre chose que de la purée ! Ces problèmes peuvent engendrer des déficits ou des surplus de certains nutriments, ce qui peut avoir des répercussions physiologiques importantes allant de l’obésité à l’arrêt de la croissance, en passant bien sûr par la malnutrition.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Problèmes du comportement alimentaire en contexte du désordre du spectre autistique","attachmentId":36998763,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11469161/Probl%C3%A8mes_du_comportement_alimentaire_en_contexte_du_d%C3%A9sordre_du_spectre_autistique","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11469161/Probl%C3%A8mes_du_comportement_alimentaire_en_contexte_du_d%C3%A9sordre_du_spectre_autistique"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="124942720" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124942720/Le_concept_d_addictions_sans_drogue">Le concept d’addictions sans drogue</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="140973076" href="https://independent.academia.edu/valleurmarc">marc valleur</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Elsevier eBooks, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">La définition du concept d'addiction apparaît de plus en plus difficile à cerner. Des toxicomanies à l'alcoolisme et au tabagisme, en passant par le jeu pathologique, les achats compulsifs, la sexualité et certains troubles du comportement… jusqu'à l'addiction, pourtant si peu virtuelle des cyberdépendants, on peut se demander quel est le point commun des addictions sans drogue et tout d'abord s'il existe. Ce questionnement est incontournable pour bâtir des stratégies de prévention et d'intervention médico-sociale adaptées. Il a également pour conséquence de penser les addictions en terme de conduite des sujets plutôt qu'une approche à partir des produits psychotropes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Le concept d’addictions sans drogue","attachmentId":119074435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124942720/Le_concept_d_addictions_sans_drogue","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124942720/Le_concept_d_addictions_sans_drogue"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="25643368" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25643368/Similitudes_et_diff%C3%A9rences_entre_le_jeu_pathologique_et_la_d%C3%A9pendance_aux_substances_qu_en_est_il_">Similitudes et différences entre le jeu pathologique et la dépendance aux substances : qu’en est-il ?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33019644" href="https://univ-bordeaux.academia.edu/MarcAuriacombe">Marc Auriacombe</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">L'Encéphale, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Similitudes et différences entre le jeu pathologique et la dépendance aux substances : qu’en est-il ?","attachmentId":45981204,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25643368/Similitudes_et_diff%C3%A9rences_entre_le_jeu_pathologique_et_la_d%C3%A9pendance_aux_substances_qu_en_est_il_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25643368/Similitudes_et_diff%C3%A9rences_entre_le_jeu_pathologique_et_la_d%C3%A9pendance_aux_substances_qu_en_est_il_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="4308944" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4308944/Une_approche_psychosociale_des_addictions_toujours_d_actualit%C3%A9">Une approche psychosociale des addictions toujours d’actualité</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5230365" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EricLoonis">Éric Loonis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bulletin de Psychologie, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This feature theoretical article relates the work of Stanton Peele to current topical discussions about drug addiction, including recent ministerial reports (Roques and Maestracci). Peele’s basic question is to ask whether addiction is definable strictly in terms of the addicted organism and a chemical substance. His answer is negative. Through examination of both human and animal research, he demonstrates the crucial role of the environment in all aspects of the addictive process. Consumption of psychotropics is influenced by their "cost". This cost in turn depends on three sets of factors: the individual’s dysphoria, his or her personal coping skills, and environmental stressors and constraints. Cultural and individual beliefs also influence the addictive process, especially in areas such as loss of control and relapse. Likewise, all these factors combine to create the individual’s capacity for controlled use and remission from addiction, often independent of treatment. Addiction is best understood as an adjustment by the individual to internal and external stimuli, while nonaddicted use is an equal possibility for many individuals in some situations. Stanton Peele is not only an "environmentalist", in that he puts structural and personality factors in the context of a range of nonpharmacological factors in addiction – Cultural, Social, Situational, Ritualistic, Developmental, Personality, and Cognitive (Beliefs Systems) – so as to allow a full understanding of addictions in their full complexity and variability. In summary, addictions are representations of human experience based on subjective, situational, and historical factors that lead the individual to display dependence on an object – dependence is not the characteristic of any substance. Peele’s works are also topical for drug policy debates at a time when Manichean distinctions between "soft" and "hard" drugs are being questioned in France, and in terms of whether to view addiction as centering on the individual or the substance.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Une approche psychosociale des addictions toujours d’actualité","attachmentId":31767715,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4308944/Une_approche_psychosociale_des_addictions_toujours_d_actualit%C3%A9","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4308944/Une_approche_psychosociale_des_addictions_toujours_d_actualit%C3%A9"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":71165590,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":71165590,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_71165590" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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