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href="#Bezwaren_tegen_het_gebruik_van_de_term_'communistische_staat'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bezwaren tegen het gebruik van de term 'communistische staat'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bezwaren_tegen_het_gebruik_van_de_term_'communistische_staat'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moderne_tijd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moderne_tijd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Moderne tijd</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Moderne_tijd-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Moderne tijd-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Moderne_tijd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landen_waarin_een_marxistisch-leninistische_partij_de_macht_heeft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landen_waarin_een_marxistisch-leninistische_partij_de_macht_heeft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Landen waarin een marxistisch-leninistische partij de macht heeft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landen_waarin_een_marxistisch-leninistische_partij_de_macht_heeft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lijst_van_landen_waarin_marxistisch-leninisten_regeren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lijst_van_landen_waarin_marxistisch-leninisten_regeren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lijst van landen waarin marxistisch-leninisten regeren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lijst_van_landen_waarin_marxistisch-leninisten_regeren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marxistisch-leninistische_partijen_als_onderdeel_van_een_andere_regerende_coalitie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marxistisch-leninistische_partijen_als_onderdeel_van_een_andere_regerende_coalitie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Marxistisch-leninistische partijen als onderdeel van een andere regerende coalitie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marxistisch-leninistische_partijen_als_onderdeel_van_een_andere_regerende_coalitie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kritiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kritiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kritiek</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kritiek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Kritiek-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kritiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberale_kritiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberale_kritiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Liberale kritiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberale_kritiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linkse_kritiek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linkse_kritiek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Linkse kritiek</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linkse_kritiek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marxistisch-leninistische staat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 42 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="دولة شيوعية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دولة شيوعية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87" title="دوله شيوعيه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دوله شيوعيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Камуністычныя краіны – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камуністычныя краіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Комунистическа страна – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Комунистическа страна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="কমিউনিস্ট রাষ্ট্র – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কমিউনিস্ট রাষ্ট্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Коммунис гурим – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Коммунис гурим" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunistick%C3%BD_re%C5%BEim" title="Komunistický režim – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komunistický režim" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κομμουνιστικό κράτος – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κομμουνιστικό κράτος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Communist state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunisma_%C5%9Dtato" title="Komunisma ŝtato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Komunisma ŝtato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_comunista" title="Estado comunista – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado comunista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunistlik_riik" title="Kommunistlik riik – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kommunistlik riik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="دولت کمونیستی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت کمونیستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tat_communiste" title="État communiste – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="État communiste" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunisti%C4%8Dka_dr%C5%BEava" title="Komunistička država – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Komunistička država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_komunis" title="Negara komunis – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Negara komunis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunista_stato" title="Komunista stato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Komunista stato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stato_comunista" title="Stato comunista – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stato comunista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E7%94%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="共産主義国家 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共産主義国家" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EC%82%B0%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="공산국가 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="공산국가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ລັດຄອມມິວນິດ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດຄອມມິວນິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Комунистичка држава – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Комунистичка држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कम्युनिस्ट राज्य – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कम्युनिस्ट राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negara_komunis" title="Negara komunis – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Negara komunis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कम्युनिस्ट राज्य – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कम्युनिस्ट राज्य" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommuniststat" title="Kommuniststat – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kommuniststat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_comunista" title="Estado comunista – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estado comunista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stat_comunist" title="Stat comunist – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stat comunist" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Коммунистическое государство – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коммунистическое государство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_state" title="Communist state – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Communist state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunistick%C3%BD_re%C5%BEim" title="Komunistický režim – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Komunistický režim" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shteti_komunist" title="Shteti komunist – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shteti komunist" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Комунистичка држава – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Комунистичка држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunistiska_stater" title="Kommunistiska stater – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kommunistiska stater" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Communist_states_%28including_DPRK%29.svg/390px-Communist_states_%28including_DPRK%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Communist_states_%28including_DPRK%29.svg/520px-Communist_states_%28including_DPRK%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>Een kaart waarop de huidige staten met een zelfverklaarde communistische regering te zien zijn.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Communist_countries_1979-1983.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Communist_countries_1979-1983.png/260px-Communist_countries_1979-1983.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Communist_countries_1979-1983.png/390px-Communist_countries_1979-1983.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Communist_countries_1979-1983.png/520px-Communist_countries_1979-1983.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="409" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van landen die zichzelf verklaard hebben of werden verklaard als socialistische staten onder de marxistisch-leninistische of <a href="/wiki/Mao%C3%AFsme" title="Maoïsme">maoïstische</a> definitie tussen 1979 en 1983.</figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>marxistisch-leninistische staat</b> (ook wel, door de voorstanders, socialistische staat, de '<a href="/wiki/Dictatuur_van_het_proletariaat" title="Dictatuur van het proletariaat">dictatuur van het proletariaat</a>', en ook, door de tegenstanders, de <a href="/wiki/Communisme" title="Communisme">'communistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Dictatuur" title="Dictatuur">dictatuur</a>' of '<a href="/wiki/Communisme" title="Communisme">communistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek)">staat</a>') is een <a href="/wiki/Staatskapitalisme" title="Staatskapitalisme">staatskapitalistische</a> <a href="/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek)">staat</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die geregeerd wordt door een <a href="/wiki/Communistische_partij" title="Communistische partij">communistische partij</a> die als ideologie het <a href="/wiki/Marxisme-leninisme" title="Marxisme-leninisme">marxisme-leninisme</a> heeft. Volgens het communistische principe is het openbare eigendom van alle of de meeste middelen van de productie door een communistische partij geleide staat noodzakelijk om het belang van de <a href="/wiki/Werkende_klasse" title="Werkende klasse">arbeidersklasse</a> te bevorderen. Volgens marxisten-leninisten is de staat een instrument in de handen van de heersende klasse. </p><p>Marxistisch-leninistische staten kunnen verschillende legale politieke partijen hebben, maar de communistische partij heeft meestal een bijzondere of een dominante rol in de regering, vaak door (bepalingen in) de <a href="/wiki/Grondwet" title="Grondwet">grondwet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bezwaren_tegen_het_gebruik_van_de_term_'communistische_staat'"><span id="Bezwaren_tegen_het_gebruik_van_de_term_.27communistische_staat.27"></span>Bezwaren tegen het gebruik van de term 'communistische staat'</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bezwaren tegen het gebruik van de term 'communistische staat'" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bezwaren tegen het gebruik van de term 'communistische staat'"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de praktijk blijkt dat deze staten zich identificeren als socialistische staten. Volgens aanhangers van marxistisch-leninistische ideologieën is het primaire doel van deze staten om de respectieve landen begeleiden in het proces van opbouw van het socialisme, wat uiteindelijk moet leiden tot het communisme. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> maakte onderscheid tussen de <i>eerste fase van de communistische maatschappij</i> en de <i>hoogste fase van de communistische maatschappij</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Na de dood van Marx gaven de meesten marxisten de eerste fase van het communisme de naam <i>socialisme</i> dat nog steeds privé-eigendom bevat van consumptiemiddelen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communisme in de hoogste fase zou geldloos, klasseloos en staatloos moeten zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit zou dus betekenen dat de term 'communistische staat' een <a href="/wiki/Oxymoron_(stijlfiguur)" title="Oxymoron (stijlfiguur)">oxymoron</a> is als men met communisme de hoogste fase van communisme wordt bedoeld.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moderne_tijd">Moderne tijd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Moderne tijd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Moderne tijd"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landen_waarin_een_marxistisch-leninistische_partij_de_macht_heeft">Landen waarin een marxistisch-leninistische partij de macht heeft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Landen waarin een marxistisch-leninistische partij de macht heeft" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Landen waarin een marxistisch-leninistische partij de macht heeft"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Cuba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Cuba"><img alt="Vlag van Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/20px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/30px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuba_(land)" title="Cuba (land)">Cuba</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Cuba" title="Communistische Partij van Cuba">Communistische Partij van Cuba</a>, geleid door <a href="/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van China"><img alt="Vlag van China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">China</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_China" title="Communistische Partij van China">Communistische Partij van China</a>, geleid door <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Vietnam"><img alt="Vlag van Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/20px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam (hoofdbetekenis)">Vietnam</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Vietnam" title="Communistische Partij van Vietnam">Communistische Partij van Vietnam</a>, partij geleid door <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Ph%C3%BA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng" title="Nguyễn Phú Trọng">Nguyễn Phú Trọng</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Laos.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Laos"><img alt="Vlag van Laos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/20px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/30px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/40px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> - <a href="/wiki/Laotiaanse_Revolutionaire_Volkspartij" title="Laotiaanse Revolutionaire Volkspartij">Laotiaanse Revolutionaire Volkspartij</a>, geleid door <a href="/wiki/Khamtai_Siphandon" title="Khamtai Siphandon">Khamtai Siphandon</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lijst_van_landen_waarin_marxistisch-leninisten_regeren">Lijst van landen waarin marxistisch-leninisten regeren</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lijst van landen waarin marxistisch-leninisten regeren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lijst van landen waarin marxistisch-leninisten regeren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Nepal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Nepal"><img alt="Vlag van Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/18px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/24px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></a></span>   <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> - <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Communistische_Partij_van_Nepal_(Mao%C3%AFstisch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Communistische Partij van Nepal (Maoïstisch)">Verenigde Communistische Partij van Nepal (Maoïstisch)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Nepal_(Verenigd_Marxistisch-Leninistisch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communistische Partij van Nepal (Verenigd Marxistisch-Leninistisch)">Communistische Partij van Nepal (Verenigd Marxistisch-Leninistisch)</a> en <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Nepal_(Verenigd)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communistische Partij van Nepal (Verenigd)">Communistische Partij van Nepal (Verenigd)</a>, leiden de regeringscoalitie.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marxistisch-leninistische_partijen_als_onderdeel_van_een_andere_regerende_coalitie">Marxistisch-leninistische partijen als onderdeel van een andere regerende coalitie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Marxistisch-leninistische partijen als onderdeel van een andere regerende coalitie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Marxistisch-leninistische partijen als onderdeel van een andere regerende coalitie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bangladesh"><img alt="Vlag van Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbeiderspartij_van_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbeiderspartij van Bangladesh (de pagina bestaat niet)">Arbeiderspartij van Bangladesh</a> neemt deel aan de regerende coalitie.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Brazilië"><img alt="Vlag van Brazilië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/20px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/30px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/40px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazili%C3%AB" title="Brazilië">Brazilië</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Brazili%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Communistische Partij van Brazilië">Communistische Partij van Brazilië</a> neemt deel aan de regerende coalitie.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Bulgarije"><img alt="Vlag van Bulgarije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/30px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarije" title="Bulgarije">Bulgarije</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Bulgarije" title="Communistische Partij van Bulgarije">Communistische Partij van Bulgarije</a> neemt deel aan de <a href="/wiki/Coalitie_voor_Bulgarije" title="Coalitie voor Bulgarije">regerende coalitie</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Guyana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Guyana"><img alt="Vlag van Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/20px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/30px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guyana_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana (hoofdbetekenis)">Guyana</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volks_Progressieve_Partij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volks Progressieve Partij (de pagina bestaat niet)">Volks Progressieve Partij</a> is de regerende partij. (Alleen nominaal marxistisch-leninistisch.)</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Mali.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Mali"><img alt="Vlag van Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/20px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/30px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mali_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mali (hoofdbetekenis)">Mali</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malinese_Partij_van_de_Arbeid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malinese Partij van de Arbeid (de pagina bestaat niet)">Malinese Partij van de Arbeid</a> neemt deel aan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliantie_voor_Democratie_in_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliantie voor Democratie in Mali (de pagina bestaat niet)">regerende coalitie</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Peru.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Peru"><img alt="Vlag van Peru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/20px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/30px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/40px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Peru_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peru (hoofdbetekenis)">Peru</a> - <a href="/wiki/Peruviaanse_Communistische_Partij" title="Peruviaanse Communistische Partij">Peruviaanse Communistische Partij</a> neemt deel aan de regerende coalitie.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Sri Lanka"><img alt="Vlag van Sri Lanka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Sri_Lanka" title="Communistische Partij van Sri Lanka">Communistische Partij van Sri Lanka</a> neemt deel aan de regerende coalitie.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958%E2%80%931971).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Syrië"><img alt="Vlag van Syrië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_%281958%E2%80%931971%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Syri%C3%AB" title="Syrië">Syrië</a> - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrische_Communistische_Partij_(Bakdash)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrische Communistische Partij (Bakdash) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Syrische Communistische Partij (Bakdash)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrische_Communistische_Partij_(Verenigd)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrische Communistische Partij (Verenigd) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Syrische Communistische Partij (Verenigd)</a> nemen deel aan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationale_Progressieve_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationale Progressieve Front (de pagina bestaat niet)">regerende coalitie</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Venezuela.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Venezuela"><img alt="Vlag van Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/20px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/30px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/40px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Venezuela" title="Communistische Partij van Venezuela">Communistische Partij van Venezuela</a> neemt deel aan de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grote_Patriottische_Pool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grote Patriottische Pool (de pagina bestaat niet)">regerende coalitie</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Uruguay.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Uruguay"><img alt="Vlag van Uruguay" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/20px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/30px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/40px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguay (hoofdbetekenis)">Uruguay</a> - <a href="/wiki/Communistische_Partij_van_Uruguay" title="Communistische Partij van Uruguay">Communistische Partij van Uruguay</a> neemt deel aan de <a href="/wiki/Breed_Front" title="Breed Front">regerende coalitie</a>.</li> <li><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrika</a> - <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrikaanse_Communistische_Partij" title="Zuid-Afrikaanse Communistische Partij">Zuid-Afrikaanse Communistische Partij</a> neemt deel aan de <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_Nationaal_Congres" title="Afrikaans Nationaal Congres">regerende coalitie</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kritiek">Kritiek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kritiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kritiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberale_kritiek">Liberale kritiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Liberale kritiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Liberale kritiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme">Totalitaire</a> communistische regimes zijn bekritiseerd voor hun <a href="/wiki/Eenpartijstelsel" title="Eenpartijstelsel">eenpartijstelsel</a>, totalitaire controle over de economie en de maatschappij en onderdrukking van de burgerlijke vrijheden door de <a href="/wiki/Raad_van_Europa" title="Raad van Europa">Raad van Europa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> economische focus op de zware industrie ten koste van de consumptiegoederen, wat soms leidt tot tekorten van vitale producten of zelfs hongersnoden,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en het militarisme en propaganda als dekmantel voor de fouten van de overheid.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linkse_kritiek">Linkse kritiek</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Linkse kritiek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Linkse kritiek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Door onder andere <a href="/wiki/Linkscommunisme" title="Linkscommunisme">linkse communisten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Trotskisme" title="Trotskisme">trotskisten</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> worden marxistisch-leninistische staten gezien als een minder authentieke versie dan wat Karl Marx voor ogen had bij een <a href="/wiki/Dictatuur_van_het_proletariaat" title="Dictatuur van het proletariaat">dictatuur van het proletariaat</a>. </p><p>Andere linkse groeperingen zoals <a href="/wiki/Anarchisme" title="Anarchisme">anarchisten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Vrij_socialisme" title="Vrij socialisme">libertaire socialisten</a> zien marxistisch-leninistische staten als te <a href="/wiki/Autoritarisme_(politicologie)" title="Autoritarisme (politicologie)">autoritair</a> en <a href="/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme">totalitair</a> waarbij veel vrijheden werden ontnomen. Anarchisten constateren dan ook vaak dat marxistisch-leninistische staten geen pogingen zijn tot communisme maar fascisme met een rode vlag.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_communistische_partijen" title="Lijst van communistische partijen">Lijst van communistische partijen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radenrepubliek" title="Radenrepubliek">Radenrepubliek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialistische_sovjetrepubliek" title="Socialistische sovjetrepubliek">Socialistische sovjetrepubliek</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1936/dictatorship.htm">https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1936/dictatorship.htm</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230607112416/https://www.marxists.org/archive/pannekoe/1936/dictatorship.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 7 juni 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/nederlands/marx-engels/1875/1875gotha.htm">Karl Marx: <i>Kritiek op het programma van Gotha</i>; 1875.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230824034956/https://www.marxists.org/nederlands/marx-engels/1875/1875gotha.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 24 augustus 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFMarx1932"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Marx, Karl</span>, [<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm</a> Karl Marx Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844]. <i>Economic & Philosophic Manuscripts</i> of 1844<i>. Progress Publishers, Moscow 1959 (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201211015837/https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2020-12-11">11 december 2020</span>. Geraadpleegd op 11-5-2020. </i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vladimir Lenin schreef: “<i>Op deze wijze wordt het ‘burgerlijke recht’ in de eerste fase van de communistische maatschappij (die men gewoonlijk socialisme noemt) niet geheel opgeheven, maar slechts gedeeltelijk,</i>” (…) “<i>Wat gewoonlijk socialisme genoemd wordt, duidde Marx aan als de ‘eerste’ of lagere fase van de communistische maatschappij. Het woord ‘communisme’ kan ook hier aangewend worden, in zoverre de productiemiddelen eigendom van de gemeenschap zijn; maar men moet hierbij niet vergeten dat dit communisme niet volledig is. </i>” (Uit <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/nederlands/lenin/1917/staat-revolutie/ch05.htm">Vladimir Lenin: <i>Staat en Revolutie</i>; 1917; hoofdstuk V</a>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230425120953/https://www.marxists.org/nederlands/lenin/1917/staat-revolutie/ch05.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 25 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mao Zedong schreef: <i>However, one cannot but see that socialist society is a society born out of capitalist society and is only the first phase of communist society. It is not yet a fully mature communist society in the economic and other fields.</i> (Uit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1964/phnycom.htm">Mao Zedong: <i>On Khrushchov’s Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World: Comment on the Open Letter of the Central Committee of the CPSU (IX)</i>; 1964)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324104756/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/1964/phnycom.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 24 maart 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jozef Stalin zei: “<i>Our Soviet society has already, in the main, succeeded in achieving Socialism; it has created a Socialist system, i.e., it has brought about what Marxists in other words call the first, or lower, phase of Communism. Hence, in the main, we have already achieved the first phase of Communism. Socialism. (...) The fundamental principle of this phase of Communism is, as you know, the formula : "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his work." </i>” Uit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1936/11/25.htm">Jozef Stalin: <i>On the Draft Constitution of the U.S.S.R</i>; 1936.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415104433/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1936/11/25.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 15 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Marx zei in zijn <i>Economische en Filosofische manuscripten</i>: “Finally, <i>communism</i> is the <i>positive</i> expression of annulled private property – at first as <i>universal</i> private property.” Het gevolg van de ontbinding van privé-eigendom is een klasseloze en daarmee ook staatloze samenleving. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fact-index.com/c/co/communist_state.html">Communist state</a>. <i>www.fact-index.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200239/http://www.fact-index.com/c/co/communist_state.html">Gearchiveerd</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-06-24">24 juni 2021</span>. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-06-17">17 juni 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta06/Eres1481.htm">Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 1481 (2006) Need for international condemnation of crimes of totalitarian communist regimes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Economics of Soviet Agriculture</i> by Leonard E. Hubbard, p. 117-18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFKenez1985"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Kenez, Peter</span> (1985). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofpropagan00pete">The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, 1917-1929</a></i></cite>. Cambridge University Press. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0521313988" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0521313988">ISBN 0521313988</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1948/stalruss/index.htm">https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1948/stalruss/index.htm</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405153317/https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1948/stalruss/index.htm">Gearchiveerd</a> op 5 april 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREF2021"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-05-30">30 mei 2021</span>). <cite><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_fascism&oldid=1025868221">Red fascism</a></cite>. <i>Wikipedia</i>.  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240704113200/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_fascism&oldid=1025868221">Gearchiveerd van origineel</a> op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2024-07-04">4 juli 2024</span>. </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&oldid=67770422">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marxistisch-leninistische_staat&oldid=67770422</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Lijsten_van_landen" title="Categorie:Lijsten van landen">Lijsten van landen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Staatsvorm" title="Categorie:Staatsvorm">Staatsvorm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Communisme" title="Categorie:Communisme">Communisme</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 4 jul 2024 om 12:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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