CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Intercolonial Railway - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a105ebcb-edad-4e2a-9c6a-6d1297d059b2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Intercolonial_Railway","wgTitle":"Intercolonial Railway","wgCurRevisionId":1229455092,"wgRevisionId":1229455092,"wgArticleId":461568,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from March 2021","Use Canadian English from March 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016","Articles with Project Gutenberg links","Pages using the Kartographer extension","Intercolonial Railway", "Former Crown corporations of Canada","Defunct New Brunswick railways","Defunct Nova Scotia railways","Defunct Quebec railways","Companies based in Moncton","5 ft 6 in gauge railways in Canada"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Intercolonial_Railway","wgRelevantArticleId":461568,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false, "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q839246","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1037"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="691"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="553"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Intercolonial Railway - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Intercolonial_Railway rootpage-Intercolonial_Railway skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Intercolonial+Railway" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Intercolonial+Railway" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Intercolonial+Railway" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Intercolonial+Railway" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Confederation_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Confederation_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pre-Confederation components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Confederation_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Confederation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Confederation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Confederation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Confederation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_and_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_and_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Operation and expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_and_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passenger_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passenger_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Passenger trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passenger_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Herald_and_reporting_marks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herald_and_reporting_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Herald and reporting marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herald_and_reporting_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Intercolonial Railway</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway" title="Intercolonial Railway – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Intercolonial Railway" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway" title="Intercolonial Railway – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Intercolonial Railway" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin_de_fer_Intercolonial" title="Chemin de fer Intercolonial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chemin de fer Intercolonial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada" title="Intercolonial Railway of Canada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Intercolonial Railway of Canada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolej_Interkolonialna" title="Kolej Interkolonialna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolej Interkolonialna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Межколониальная железная дорога – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Межколониальная железная дорога" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839246#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Intercolonial_Railway" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Intercolonial_Railway"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Intercolonial_Railway" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Intercolonial_Railway" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&oldid=1229455092" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Intercolonial_Railway&id=1229455092&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIntercolonial_Railway"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIntercolonial_Railway"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Intercolonial_Railway&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Intercolonial_Railway" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q839246" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic Canadian railway linking Central Canada to Maritime provinces</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Intercolonial Railway of Canada</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png/200px-Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="229" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 240px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="240" data-overlays="["_75df1ab59abb7b05034572bedd4352fca10ebe03"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,290x240.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Intercolonial_Railway&revid=1229455092&groups=_75df1ab59abb7b05034572bedd4352fca10ebe03" width="290" height="240" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,290x240@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Intercolonial_Railway&revid=1229455092&groups=_75df1ab59abb7b05034572bedd4352fca10ebe03 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moncton,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Moncton, New Brunswick">Moncton, New Brunswick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Reporting_mark" title="Reporting mark">Reporting mark</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ICR, IRC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates of operation</th><td class="infobox-data">1872–1918</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Technical</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span> (<span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous gauge</th><td class="infobox-data">sections built to<br /><a href="/wiki/5_ft_6_in_gauge_railway" title="5 ft 6 in gauge railway"><span class="nowrap">5 ft 6 in</span></a> (<span class="nowrap">1,676 mm</span>)<br /> but <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_conversion" title="Track gauge conversion">converted</a> in 1875 <br />prior to opening</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Intercolonial Railway of Canada</b> (<a href="/wiki/Reporting_mark" title="Reporting mark">reporting mark</a> <b>IRC</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also referred to as the <b>Intercolonial Railway</b> (<b>ICR</b>), was a historic <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> railway that operated from 1872 to 1918, when it became part of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railways</a>. As the railway was also completely owned and controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a>, the Intercolonial was also one of Canada's first <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporations_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown corporations of Canada">Crown corporations</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea of a railway connecting Britain's North American colonies arose as soon as the railway age began in the 1830s. In the decades following the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a> and ever-mindful of the issue of security, the colonies of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Canada" title="Upper Canada">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> after 1840) wished to improve land-based transportation with the Atlantic coast colonies of <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, and to a lesser extent <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland</a>. A railway connection from the Province of Canada to the British colonies on the coast would serve a vital military purpose during the winter months when the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> were frozen and shipping was impossible, but it would similarly serve an economic purpose for the Maritimes by opening up year-round access to new markets.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Significant surveys were conducted throughout the 1830s–1850s. Several rival routes emerged: a southern, a central, and a northern route. In 1849, Major William Robinson recommended the northern route as most secure from American attack.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderwood200529_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderwood200529-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Funding talks were established between the various colonial administrations and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> government, but progress remained slow and little was accomplished beyond talk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-Confederation_components">Pre-Confederation components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Confederation components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Railway construction came to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Maritimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Maritimes">Maritime</a> provinces as early as the mid-1830s with the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Samson_(locomotive)" title="Samson (locomotive)">Albion Railway</a>, a coal mining railway in Nova Scotia's <a href="/wiki/Pictou_County,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictou County, Nova Scotia">Pictou County</a> and the second railway to open in <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>. Construction in the 1850s saw two important rail lines opened in the Maritimes to connect cities on the Atlantic coast with steamship routes in the <a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Strait" title="Northumberland Strait">Northumberland Strait</a> and the Gulf of St. Lawrence: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia_Railway" title="Nova Scotia Railway">Nova Scotia Railway</a> (NSR) was built in stages between the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> port of <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Urban Area">Halifax</a> north to <a href="/wiki/Truro,_Nova_Scotia" title="Truro, Nova Scotia">Truro</a>, and northeast to industrial Pictou County, those being the towns of <a href="/wiki/Westville,_Nova_Scotia" title="Westville, Nova Scotia">Westville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stellarton,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellarton, Nova Scotia">Stellarton</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Glasgow,_Nova_Scotia" title="New Glasgow, Nova Scotia">New Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_Nova_Scotia" title="Trenton, Nova Scotia">Trenton</a>, and the Northumberland Strait port town of <a href="/wiki/Pictou,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictou, Nova Scotia">Pictou</a>. Pictou soon became an important <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> port for steamships servicing <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>. The NSR also built northwest from Halifax to the town of <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Nova_Scotia" title="Windsor, Nova Scotia">Windsor</a>, a port on the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Fundy" title="Bay of Fundy">Bay of Fundy</a> and gateway to the agricultural hinterland of Nova Scotia's <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Valley" title="Annapolis Valley">Annapolis Valley</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/European_and_North_American_Railway" title="European and North American Railway">European and North American Railway</a> (E&NA) was a line that was envisioned to extend the <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> rail network eastward through the Maritimes to an <a href="/wiki/Ice_free_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice free harbour">ice free harbour</a> closer to the shipping routes to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. The first portion of the E&NA built was between the Bay of Fundy port city of <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John</a>, via "The Bend" (of the <a href="/wiki/Petitcodiac_River" title="Petitcodiac River">Petitcodiac River</a>, this area is today known as the city of <a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Moncton</a>) to the Northumberland Strait port town of <a href="/wiki/Shediac,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Shediac, New Brunswick">Shediac</a>. The Saint John–Shediac line opened on August 20, 1857, and eventually other companies built separate sections of railway linking Saint John west through Maine to the New England network, however the E&NA remained solely a Saint John–Shediac connection, with a number of minor feeder lines, and never reached a port in Nova Scotia.</li></ul> <p>An intercolonial rail system in the British North American colonies was never far from the minds of government and civic leaders and in an 1851 speech at a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Mason's</a> Hall in Halifax, local editor of the <i><a href="/wiki/Novascotian" title="Novascotian">Novascotian</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Joseph Howe</a> spoke these words: </p> <blockquote><p>I am neither a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, yet I will venture to predict that in five years we shall make the journey hence to Quebec and Montreal, and home through Portland and St. John, by rail; and I believe that many in this room will live to hear the whistle of the steam engine in the passes of the Rocky Mountains, and to make the journey from Halifax to the Pacific in five or six days.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>But a rail connection between the Maritime colonies and the Province of Canada was not to be for another quarter century. Central Canada's dominant railway player in the 1850s was the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Railway">Grand Trunk Railway</a> (GTR) and its profit-driven business model chose the U.S. Atlantic port of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Maine" title="Portland, Maine">Portland, Maine</a>, over a much longer journey to a Maritime port. As a result, Portland boomed during the winter months when Montreal's shipping season was closed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confederation">Confederation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Confederation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nevertheless, the geopolitical instability in North America resulting from the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> led to increased nervousness on the part of British North American colonies, particularly wary of the large <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union Army</a> operating south of their borders. The demands for closer political and economic ties between colonies led to further calls for an "Intercolonial Railway". An 1862 conference in <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a> led to an agreement on financing the railway with the Maritime colonies and Canada splitting construction costs and Britain assuming any debts, but the deal fell through within months.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It is speculated that this failure to achieve a deal on the Intercolonial in 1862, combined with the ongoing concerns over the American Civil War, led to the <a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Conference" title="Charlottetown Conference">Charlottetown Conference</a> in 1864, and eventually to <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Confederation</a> of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (Ontario and Quebec) in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Section 145 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Act,_1867" title="Constitution Act, 1867"><i>British North America Act, 1867</i></a> created a constitutional requirement for the federal government to build established the Intercolonial Railway: </p> <dl><dd><i>145. Inasmuch as the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have joined in a Declaration that the Construction of the Intercolonial Railway is essential to the Consolidation of the Union of British North America, and to the Assent thereto of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and have consequently agreed that Provision should be made for its immediate Construction by the Government of Canada; Therefore, in order to give effect to that Agreement, it shall be the Duty of the Government and Parliament of Canada to provide for the commencement, within Six Months after the Union, of a Railway connecting the River St. Lawrence with the City of Halifax in Nova Scotia, and for the Construction thereof without Intermission, and the Completion thereof with all practicable Speed.</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Despite being enshrined in the BNA Act of 1867, it would still be another decade before a route was finally selected and construction was completed; however, as a start, the federal government assumed the operations of the NSR and E&NA which were to be wholly absorbed into the ICR. The route connecting the NSR and the E&NA was not contestable as the line had to cross the <a href="/wiki/Cobequid_Mountains" title="Cobequid Mountains">Cobequid Mountains</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Chignecto" title="Isthmus of Chignecto">Isthmus of Chignecto</a> where options were limited by the local <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>. In New Brunswick, it was a different story, as the choice was narrowed to three options. A commission of engineers, headed by <a href="/wiki/Sandford_Fleming" title="Sandford Fleming">Sandford Fleming</a> had been unanimously appointed in 1863 to consider the following: </p> <ul><li>The "Frontier Route"—surveyed in 1836 by Captain Yule (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>) from Saint John, via Fredericton, up the <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_River_(New_Brunswick)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John River (New Brunswick)">Saint John River</a> valley to <a href="/wiki/Canada_East" title="Canada East">Canada East</a>, not far from the <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Canada–United States border">International Boundary</a> which had been recently decided in favour of the United States during the <a href="/wiki/Webster%E2%80%93Ashburton_Treaty" title="Webster–Ashburton Treaty">Webster–Ashburton Treaty</a> of 1842.</li> <li>The "Central Route"—surveyor unknown, running north from a point near <a href="/wiki/Sussex,_New_Brunswick" title="Sussex, New Brunswick">Sussex</a>, passing near <a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake,_New_Brunswick" title="Grand Lake, New Brunswick">Grand Lake</a>, and north to <a href="/wiki/Canada_East" title="Canada East">Canada East</a>.</li> <li>The "<a href="/wiki/Chaleur_Bay" title="Chaleur Bay">Chaleur Bay</a> Route"—surveyed in the 1840s by Major Robinson (Royal Engineers), running from "The Bend" (Moncton), north to <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_Brunswick" title="Newcastle, New Brunswick">Newcastle</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Miramichi_River" title="Miramichi River">Miramichi River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bathurst,_New_Brunswick" title="Bathurst, New Brunswick">Bathurst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campbellton,_New_Brunswick" title="Campbellton, New Brunswick">Campbellton</a>, to Canada East. It would cross the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Matap%C3%A9dia_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Matapédia River">Matapédia River</a> valley <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kempt_Road&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kempt Road (page does not exist)">Kempt Road</a> before heading up the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a> valley to the rail connection with the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Railway">GTR</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Loup" title="Rivière-du-Loup">Rivière-du-Loup</a>.</li></ul> <p>Despite pressure from commercial interests in the Maritimes and New England who wanted a rail connection closer to the border, the Chaleur Bay routing was chosen, amid the backdrop of the American Civil War, as it would keep the Intercolonial far from the boundary with Maine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fleming was appointed "engineer in chief" of the ICR project by the federal government. The majority of the construction was to be tendered to local contractors, with engineering oversight to be provided by Fleming's staff, however political interference and contractor negligence (or incompetence) led to escalating costs on some of the contracts, forcing Fleming to assume some of the direct contractor duties as violators were discovered and purged from the project.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Perhaps the greatest case of cost overruns was caused by political interference during construction of the section of new line between the NSR trackage at Truro and the E&NA trackage near Moncton. This resulted in several diversions from the most direct route: </p> <ul><li>From <a href="/wiki/Debert,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Debert, Nova Scotia">Debert</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Valley" title="Wentworth Valley">Wentworth Valley</a> running a circuitous route known as "The Grecian Bend" through the iron mining community of <a href="/wiki/Londonderry,_Nova_Scotia" title="Londonderry, Nova Scotia">Londonderry</a> on the southern slope of the <a href="/wiki/Cobequid_Mountains" title="Cobequid Mountains">Cobequid Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An iron trestle was required to cross the Folly River and to this day the diversion adds 5 kilometres to the mainline.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>From <a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Nova_Scotia" title="Oxford, Nova Scotia">Oxford</a> to <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Nova_Scotia" title="Amherst, Nova Scotia">Amherst</a>, running near the coal mining community of <a href="/wiki/Springhill,_Nova_Scotia" title="Springhill, Nova Scotia">Springhill</a>, along the northern slope of the Cobequid Mountains.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The section running from the interprovincial boundary at the <a href="/wiki/Missaguash_River" title="Missaguash River">Missaguash River</a> near the town of <a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Nova_Scotia" title="Amherst, Nova Scotia">Amherst</a> to Moncton was diverted further west to run into the <a href="/wiki/Memramcook_River" title="Memramcook River">Memramcook River</a> valley to service the village of <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_New_Brunswick" title="Dorchester, New Brunswick">Dorchester</a> at the insistence of an influential politician, <a href="/wiki/Albert_James_Smith" title="Albert James Smith">A. J. Smith</a>. The alignment is known as the "Dorchester Diversion".<sup id="cite_ref-Woods_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>To Fleming's credit, he insisted upon a high quality of workmanship in designing the route, using fills several metres higher than the surrounding landscape, where possible, to prevent snow accumulation, and mandated the installation of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> bridges over streams and rivers rather than the cheaper wooden structures that many railways of the time favoured. This latter decision proved extremely far-sighted as the strength of the bridges and their material saved the line from lengthy closures on numerous occasions in the early years during <a href="/wiki/Forest_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest fire">forest fire</a> seasons. The scale of construction on the Intercolonial made it the biggest Canadian public works project of the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sections of the railway opened as follows: </p> <ul><li>Truro to Moncton in November 1872. A major obstacle involved crossing the Cobequid Mountains with the Intercolonial's route running through the "Folly Gap", also known as the <a href="/wiki/Wentworth_Valley" title="Wentworth Valley">Wentworth Valley</a>.</li> <li>Rivière-du-Loup to S<sup>te</sup>-Flavie (now <a href="/wiki/Mont-Joli,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont-Joli, Quebec">Mont-Joli</a>) in August 1874. This portion of the route is entirely in the lower St. Lawrence River valley.</li> <li>Moncton to <a href="/wiki/Campbellton,_New_Brunswick" title="Campbellton, New Brunswick">Campbellton</a> in 1875. A major obstacle involved bridging the northwest and southwest branches of the <a href="/wiki/Miramichi_River" title="Miramichi River">Miramichi River</a> near their confluence at <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_Brunswick" title="Newcastle, New Brunswick">Newcastle</a>.</li> <li>Campbellton to S<sup>te</sup>-Flavie on July 1, 1876. The main obstacle involved running the line through the Matapedia River valley where deep cuts would prove to be a problem for years during the winter months. Problems with clearing snow in some of these areas were resolved with the construction of extensive <a href="/wiki/Snow_shed" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow shed">snow sheds</a>—the only ones in eastern Canada.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <p>The ICR was initially built to <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> of 5 feet 6 inches (1,680 mm) to be compatible with other railways in British North America, namely its component systems, the NSR and the E&NA, as well as its western connection at Rivière-du-Loup, the GTR. Before the construction was even complete, Fleming had the ICR re-<a href="/wiki/Rail_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail gauge">gauged</a> to <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> in 1875, following the trend of standardization sweeping U.S. and Canadian railways at the time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_and_expansion">Operation and expansion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operation and expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intercolonial-1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Intercolonial-1877.jpg/400px-Intercolonial-1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Intercolonial-1877.jpg/600px-Intercolonial-1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Intercolonial-1877.jpg/800px-Intercolonial-1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="757" /></a><figcaption>Intercolonial system map in 1877</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1879, the ICR purchased the GTR line between Rivière-du-Loup and <a href="/wiki/Levis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Levis, Quebec">Levis</a>, opposite from Quebec City. This line had been completed in 1860 by the GTR, and the ICR had had running rights on it since 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main line of the ICR competed directly with the steamship service of the Quebec & Gulf Ports Steamship Company, which was reorganized in 1880 as the Quebec Steamship Company. By the late 1880s, this concern operated only one steamer, the <i>Miramichi,</i> between Quebec and Pictou; all of its other vessels had been shifted to service between New York and the West Indies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1884, the ICR built a branch from its mainline east of Campbellton to service the port and forest industry town of <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie,_New_Brunswick" title="Dalhousie, New Brunswick">Dalhousie</a>. </p><p>At Rivière du Loup, in the 1880s the ICR made connections with the steamers of the St. Lawrence Steam Navigation Company. This steamship line was absorbed by the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Company in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1880s, the ICR received running rights over the GTR main line between Levis and Montreal (via <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Quebec" title="Richmond, Quebec">Richmond</a>), allowing passengers and cargo from the Maritimes to Canada's then-largest city to transit without interchanging. </p><p>In 1887 the ICR took over and completed construction of a line running from <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Junction,_Nova_Scotia" title="Oxford Junction, Nova Scotia">Oxford Junction</a> to <a href="/wiki/Stellarton,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellarton, Nova Scotia">Stellarton</a>, along Nova Scotia shores of the Northumberland Strait. This line was known as the "Short Line" and it provided an alternate route for ICR trains heading to Pictou County and Cape Breton Island from New Brunswick. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temiscouata_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temiscouata Railway (page does not exist)">Temiscouata Railway</a> was completed in 1889 from Rivière du Loup to <a href="/wiki/Edmundston,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmundston, New Brunswick">Edmundston, New Brunswick</a>, giving the ICR a connection with the Canadian Pacific line up the St. John Valley.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg/300px-PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg/450px-PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg/600px-PictouCa1912Postcard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>ICR cars dockside at Pictou, Nova Scotia, c. 1912.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1890, the ICR completed construction of what had begun as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Breton_Eastern_Extension_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Breton Eastern Extension Railway (page does not exist)">Cape Breton Eastern Extension Railway</a>, with a line running from its former NSR terminus at New Glasgow eastward through <a href="/wiki/Antigonish" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigonish">Antigonish</a> to the port of <a href="/wiki/Mulgrave,_Nova_Scotia" title="Mulgrave, Nova Scotia">Mulgrave</a> where a railcar ferry service was instituted over a 1.6-kilometre (1 mi) route across the deep waters of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Canso" title="Strait of Canso">Strait of Canso</a> to <a href="/wiki/Point_Tupper,_Nova_Scotia" title="Point Tupper, Nova Scotia">Point Tupper</a>. The line then headed east across the centre of Cape Breton Island, crossing the <a href="/wiki/Bras_d%27Or_Lake" title="Bras d'Or Lake">Bras d'Or Lake</a> on the newly built <a href="/wiki/Grand_Narrows_Bridge" title="Grand Narrows Bridge">Grand Narrows Bridge</a>, continuing to the port of <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_Nova_Scotia" title="North Sydney, Nova Scotia">North Sydney</a> (with ferry and steamship connections to <a href="/wiki/Channel-Port_aux_Basques,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador">Port aux Basques, Newfoundland</a>) and terminating in the burgeoning industrial centre and port of <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_Nova_Scotia" title="Sydney, Nova Scotia">Sydney</a>. </p><p>In 1899, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Railways_and_Canals_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Railways and Canals (Canada)">Department of Railways and Canals</a> purchased the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drummond_County_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drummond County Railway (page does not exist)">Drummond County Railway</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Naismith_Greenshields&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Naismith Greenshields (page does not exist)">James Naismith Greenshields</a> and folded it into the ICR to provide the railway with a direct route from Sainte-Rosalie (east of Saint-Hyacinthe where it met the GTR main line) to Lévis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this purchase was complete, the ICR stopped using the GTR's route via Richmond. </p><p>The ICR opened a branch of 10.06 kilometres (6.25 mi) on June 22, 1903, between Rivière Ouelle Station and Pointe St. Denis on the South Shore of the St. Lawrence. In 1904 the ferry <i>Champlain</i> entered service between Pointe St. Denis and the North Shore ports of St. Irenée, <a href="/wiki/La_Malbaie" title="La Malbaie">Murray Bay</a> and Cap à l'Aigle.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1904, the ICR purchased the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Eastern_Railway" title="Canada Eastern Railway">Canada Eastern Railway</a>, giving it a connection to the <a href="/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</a> area. </p><p>Moncton became the headquarters for the company and extensive shops and yard facilities were built, as well as a grand station, built to rival the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> station in <a href="/wiki/McAdam,_New_Brunswick" title="McAdam, New Brunswick">McAdam</a>. Following a February 24, 1906 fire, the Moncton shops were rebuilt at a new location at the insistence of the local Member of Parliament, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Emmerson" title="Henry Emmerson">Henry Emmerson</a>, who was the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_and_Canals" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Railways and Canals">Minister of Railways and Canals</a> in Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a>'s cabinet. The replacement shops were built northwest of downtown while the former shops location was converted into yard facilities. Both Rivière-du-Loup and Campbellton had unsuccessfully lobbied to become the new headquarters of the ICR following the Moncton fire. </p><p>As a result of the ICR with its subsidized freight-rate agreements, as well as the <a href="/wiki/National_Policy" title="National Policy">National Policy</a> of prime minister <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>, the industrial revolution struck Maritime towns quickly. The ICR was the perfect vehicle for transporting raw ore such as iron ore and coal to steel plants in Trenton, <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Mines,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia">Sydney Mines</a> and Sydney, as well as finished and semi-finished products to other Maritime and central Canadian locations. This led to foundries and factories of various industries springing up throughout Nova Scotia and New Brunswick along the ICR main line and branch lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passenger_trains">Passenger trains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Passenger trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Passenger trains on the ICR operated between all points on the system which included the following major sections: </p> <ul><li>Halifax–Truro</li> <li>Truro – Pictou County – Sydney</li> <li>Truro–Moncton</li> <li>Saint John – Moncton</li> <li>Moncton–Newcastle–Bathurst–Campbellton–Rivière-du-Loup–Lévis–Montreal</li></ul> <p>Several "<a href="/wiki/List_of_named_passenger_trains_of_Canada" title="List of named passenger trains of Canada">name trains</a>" were started by the ICR, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Express" title="Maritime Express">Maritime Express</a></i> and the longest-enduring "name" passenger train in Canada to this very day, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean Limited">Ocean Limited</a></i>. </p><p>ICR passenger trains also connected with <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> services to Prince Edward Island at <a href="/wiki/Shediac,_New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="Shediac, New Brunswick">Shediac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pictou,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictou, Nova Scotia">Pictou</a>, steamship services to <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> at Pictou, steamship services to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> at Halifax and Saint John, provided railcar ferries to Cape Breton Island, and steamship services operated by the <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Railway" title="Newfoundland Railway">Newfoundland Railway</a> to Newfoundland at North Sydney. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a government-owned railway and the only operator of a rail connection to the port of Halifax and the extensive defence establishment there, the ICR became a lifeline for the Canadian and British war effort throughout the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>, particularly since as the CPR line to <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_New_Brunswick" title="Saint John, New Brunswick">Saint John</a> ran through the state of Maine on its eastward route from Montreal, thereby any war shipments on CPR would violate the United States' neutrality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderwood2005129_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderwood2005129-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Halifax grew in importance, particularly as Germany introduced use of submarines for the first time to a large-scale conflict, requiring the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> to institute the use of convoys for protecting ships. Halifax's protected harbour allowed ships to load and form up into convoy formations under protection due to torpedo nets strung across the harbour entrance. The ICR swelled in its ranks of employees and equipment as it struggled to carry the burden of military supplies from central Canada to the Atlantic coast. After 1915, the busy wartime railway officially operated under the name <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Government_Railways" title="Canadian Government Railways">Canadian Government Railways</a> but continued to be widely known as the Intercolonial. An equally important connection was the line from Cape Breton where the largest private employer in Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Steel_and_Coal_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Steel and Coal Company">Dominion Steel and Coal Company</a> (through its predecessors) produced vast quantities of steel and coal for the war effort, much of which was carried by the ICR westward to other industrial centres, before returning via Halifax for shipment overseas. </p><p>The tragedy of the <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Explosion" title="Halifax Explosion">Halifax Explosion</a> on December 6, 1917, played havoc with much of the ICR's infrastructure in the <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Nova_Scotia" title="Richmond, Nova Scotia">Richmond</a> neighbourhood of north-end Halifax. The ICR's North Street station was heavily damaged and its Richmond Yard and shipping terminals were destroyed or rendered unusable. Hundreds of freight cars were destroyed and dozens of passenger and military hospital cars were heavily damaged. Many ICR employees, most notably <a href="/wiki/Vince_Coleman_(train_dispatcher)" title="Vince Coleman (train dispatcher)">train dispatcher Vincent Coleman</a>, responded with heroism and desperate determination to evacuate wounded and summon relief.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The explosion severely but only briefly hampered war-time operations at the port. The railway mobilized repair crews from across Eastern Canada to clear debris with remarkable speed and resumed its full schedule five days after the explosion, albeit with diminished passengers cars as many were severely damaged. Wharves and freight facilities were rebuilt for wartime service within a month. Construction that had begun on a second route using a vast rock cut through the south end of the Halifax peninsula to a new "Ocean Terminal" was accelerated. The ICR repaired the North Street Station to serve for another year but switched passenger service to a new south end station near the present day <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia railway station">Halifax railway station</a> in January 1919. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Herald_and_reporting_marks">Herald and reporting marks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Herald and reporting marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg/220px-Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg/330px-Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg/440px-Intercolonail_Railway_steel_car_CN000377.jpg 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="555" /></a><figcaption>Steel Intercolonial self-dumping car in Nova Scotia, circa 1916.</figcaption></figure> <p>For most of its history the Intercolonial <a href="/wiki/Reporting_mark" title="Reporting mark">reporting mark</a> was ICR, but was changed to IRC during the First World War.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intercolonial publications, newspaper reports and popular usage used ICR. The railway's logo was a large bull moose herald, part of a campaign to promote hunting and fishing tourism traffic. It appeared on many promotional publications but seldom appeared on rolling stock. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ICR was Canada's first national railway (although some might argue the case for the GTR), having pre-dated the CPR by nine years, and it was also the first significant <a href="/wiki/Crown_corporation" title="Crown corporation">Crown corporation</a>. The ICR was a pervasive and ubiquitous presence in the Maritimes, with the company employing thousands of workers, purchasing millions of dollars in services, coal, and other local products annually, operating ferries to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Cape Breton Island</a> at the Strait of Canso, and carrying the Royal Mail. The IRC was the face of the federal government in many communities in a region that was still somewhat hostile to what many believed was a forced Confederation (anti-Confederation organizers remained active in Nova Scotia and particularly New Brunswick into the 1880s). </p><p>In 1915 the ICR, together with the federally-owned <a href="/wiki/National_Transcontinental_Railway" title="National Transcontinental Railway">National Transcontinental Railway</a> (NTR) and the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Railway" title="Prince Edward Island Railway">Prince Edward Island Railway</a> (PEIR), as well as several bankrupt or defunct shortlines in New Brunswick, were grouped under the collective banner of the Canadian Government Railways (CGR) for funding and administrative purposes, although each company continued to operate independently. </p><p>On September 6, 1918, the bankrupt <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Railway">Canadian Northern Railway</a> (CNoR) was nationalized by the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Borden</a> government, as part of a three-year long programme of re-organization of Canadian railways by <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_and_Canals_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Railways and Canals (Canada)">Minister of Railways and Canals</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Dowsley_Reid" title="John Dowsley Reid">John Dowsley Reid</a>. The CNoR's government-appointed Board of Management was directed to assume control of the CGR system at this time. On December 20, 1918, Reid consolidated the management of the various companies by creating the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian National Railways">Canadian National Railways</a> (CNR), by means of an <a href="/wiki/Order_in_Council" title="Order in Council">order</a> issued by the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Privy Council for Canada">Privy Council</a>. Another bankrupt western railway system, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Pacific_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Pacific Railway">Grand Trunk Pacific Railway</a> (GTPR), was nationalized by the federal government on March 7, 1919, and became part of the CNR system on July 12, 1920. GTPR's parent company, the GTR was also nationalized on May 21, 1920, before being included in the CNR system on January 30, 1923. </p><p>The ICR had been called the <i>"People's Railway"</i> and this slogan was similarly applied to the CNR for a period. </p><p>Despite many claims of political interference in its construction and subsequent operation, the majority of IRC from an operations viewpoint remained economically self-sufficient. This was largely because ICR balance books never had to contend with falling freight and passenger revenues as a result of post-<a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> highway construction and airline usage. During the 42-year life of the ICR from 1876 to 1918, the railway had grown to a monopoly position in land transportation. </p><p>Following its demise in 1918, the ICR trackage and facilities formed the majority of CNR's Maritimes operations and CN (acronym abbreviated post-1960) maintained Moncton as its principal regional headquarters well into the 1980s. Until the late-1970s, the ICR line through northern New Brunswick and eastern Quebec continued to host a large portion of CN's freight and the majority of its passenger traffic to Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland. </p><p>In 1976, a 48-kilometre (30 mi) "cutoff" was built from <a href="/wiki/Pelletier,_Quebec" title="Pelletier, Quebec">Pelletier, Quebec</a>, to a point on the former ICR main line west of Rivière-du-Loup, eliminating 320 kilometres (200 mi) of mountainous trackage on the former NTR to Quebec City. Following this development, the majority of freight traffic to the Maritimes shifted to the NTR's line through central New Brunswick, relegating the ICR line east of Rivière-du-Loup to secondary main line status. </p><p>Following CN's privatization in 1995, the company undertook a network rationalization program which made the IRC line between Moncton and Rivière-du-Loup, along with its trackage on the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé Peninsula</a>, redundant and it was sold in 1998 to short line operator <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Railway_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Railway Corporation">Quebec Railway Corporation</a> which operated for a time the <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick_East_Coast_Railway" title="New Brunswick East Coast Railway">New Brunswick East Coast Railway</a> and associated subsidiaries. The ICR line from Truro to Sydney was sold to a short line operator, the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_and_Central_Nova_Scotia_Railway" title="Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway">Cape Breton and Central Nova Scotia Railway</a>, in 1993. </p><p>The former ICR main line from Sainte-Rosalie to Charny and the east end of Lévis to Rivière-du-Loup, as well as the ICR lines from Moncton to Saint John and Moncton to Halifax remain in operation under CN. A short section on the waterfront of Lévis was abandoned on October 24, 1998, due to network rationalization, resulting in the CN main line between Charny and the east end of Levis running on former NTR trackage. </p><p>Despite the replacement or upgrading of bridges and track since the 19th century, almost the entirety of Fleming's route continues to operate; its fills and rock cuts and iron bridges, once considered extravagant, remain much as they were when they were built. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a> continues to operate the <i>Ocean</i> passenger train between Halifax and Montreal following the entire route of the ICR the entire way except for the waterfront section in Levis. </p><p>Former ICR stations in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis, Quebec">Lévis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pictou" title="Pictou">Pictou</a> have been designated as <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada" title="National Historic Sites of Canada">National Historic Sites of Canada</a>, as well as the Joffre Roundhouse constructed by the ICR in <a href="/wiki/Charny,_Quebec" title="Charny, Quebec">Charny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of the ICR has been designated a <a href="/wiki/Events_of_National_Historic_Significance_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Events of National Historic Significance (Canada)">National Historic Event</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg/32px-Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg/48px-Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg/64px-Locomotive_J_1211_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Railways" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Railways">Railways portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Canada" title="History of rail transport in Canada">History of rail transport in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_Canadian_railways" title="List of defunct Canadian railways">List of defunct Canadian railways</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRailway_Equipment_and_Publication_Company1917" class="citation book cs1">Railway Equipment and Publication Company (June 1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1A3WAAAAMAAJ&pg=PT309"><i>The Official Railway Equipment Register</i></a>. p. 364.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+Railway+Equipment+Register&rft.pages=364&rft.date=1917-06&rft.au=Railway+Equipment+and+Publication+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1A3WAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPT309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegget1973" class="citation book cs1">Legget, Robert F. (1973). <i>Railways of Canada</i>. Douglas & McIntyre. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railways+of+Canada&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Douglas+%26+McIntyre&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Legget&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderwood200529-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderwood200529_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnderwood2005">Underwood 2005</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick2004" class="citation magazine cs1">Dick, Lyle (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/canadian_historical_review/v085/85.1dick.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A New History for the New Millennium': Canada: A People's History"</a>. <i>Canadian Historical Review</i>. Vol. 85, no. 1. p. 98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=%27A+New+History+for+the+New+Millennium%27%3A+Canada%3A+A+People%27s+History&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=98&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Fjournals%2Fcanadian_historical_review%2Fv085%2F85.1dick.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927041115/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-2979-e.html">"Confederation and the Intercononial Railway"</a>. <i>Library and Archives Canada</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/023001-2979-e.html">the original</a> on September 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft.atitle=Confederation+and+the+Intercononial+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fconfederation%2F023001-2979-e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070222072125/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/Const/endnts_e.html#(74)">"Constitution Act 1867 (British North America Act) X, Sect. 145"</a>. <i>Canadian Dept of Justice</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/const/endnts_e.html#(74)">the original</a> on February 22, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Dept+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Constitution+Act+1867+%28British+North+America+Act%29+X%2C+Sect.+145&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Fen%2Fconst%2Fendnts_e.html%23%2874%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woods_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1992" class="citation book cs1">Wood, Shirley (1992). <i>Cinders and Salt Water: The Story of Atlantic Canada's Railways</i>. Halifax: Nimbus. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinders+and+Salt+Water%3A+The+Story+of+Atlantic+Canada%27s+Railways&rft.place=Halifax&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Nimbus&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604201802/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/trains/h30-2080-e.html#a#a">"The Intercolonial Railway"</a>. <i>Library and Archives Canada</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/trains/h30-2080-e.html#a">the original</a> on June 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Intercolonial+Railway&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.gc.ca%2Ftrains%2Fh30-2080-e.html%23a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brookes, Ivan S. (1974). <i>The Lower St. Lawrence,</i> Cleveland: Freshwater Press, pp. 262, 267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brookes, pp. 21, 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brookes, pp. 23, 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brookes, p. 269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlais2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blais, Ghislain (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/cd/2015-n123-cd02174/79579ac/">"Le Drummond County Railway, 1886 à 1899"</a>. <i>Cap-aux-Diamants: La revue d'histoire du Québec</i> (in French) (123): 14–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0829-7983">0829-7983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cap-aux-Diamants%3A+La+revue+d%27histoire+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.atitle=Le+Drummond+County+Railway%2C+1886+%C3%A0+1899&rft.issue=123&rft.pages=14-17&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=0829-7983&rft.aulast=Blais&rft.aufirst=Ghislain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Ffr%2Frevues%2Fcd%2F2015-n123-cd02174%2F79579ac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brookes, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnderwood2005129-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnderwood2005129_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUnderwood2005">Underwood 2005</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConlin" class="citation web cs1">Conlin, Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081208004529/http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mma/AtoZ/coleman.html">"Vincent Coleman and the Halifax Explosion"</a>. <i>Maritime Museum of the Atlantic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mma/AtoZ/coleman.html">the original</a> on December 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Museum+of+the+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Vincent+Coleman+and+the+Halifax+Explosion&rft.aulast=Conlin&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.gov.ns.ca%2Fmma%2FAtoZ%2Fcoleman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonard1917" class="citation book cs1">Gonard, G.P., ed. (April 1917). <i>Official Railway Equipment Register</i>. Railway Equipment & Publication.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Railway+Equipment+Register&rft.pub=Railway+Equipment+%26+Publication&rft.date=1917-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=635">Lévis Railway Station (Intercolonial) National Historic Site of Canada</a>. <i>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a>. Retrieved 6 April 2012. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=309">Pictou Railway Station (Intercolonial) National Historic Site of Canada</a>. <i>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a>. Retrieved 6 April 2012. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=606">Joffre Roundhouse (Canadian National) National Historic Site of Canada</a>. <i>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a>. Retrieved 6 April 2012. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_fhbro_eng.aspx?id=1605">Intercolonial Railway National Historic Event</a>. <i>Directory of Federal Heritage Designations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a>. Retrieved 6 April 2012. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruikshank1986" class="citation journal cs1">Cruikshank, Ken (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/viewFile/12110/12954">"The People's Railway: The Intercolonial Railway and the Canadian Public Enterprise Experience"</a>. <i>Acadiensis</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 78–100. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30302736">30302736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acadiensis&rft.atitle=The+People%27s+Railway%3A+The+Intercolonial+Railway+and+the+Canadian+Public+Enterprise+Experience&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=78-100&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30302736%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cruikshank&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2FAcadiensis%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F12110%2F12954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1994" class="citation journal cs1">Forbes, Ernest R. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/Acadiensis/article/viewFile/11994/12838">"The Intercolonial Railway and the Decline of the Maritime Provinces Revisited"</a>. <i>Acadiensis</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 3–26. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30302862">30302862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acadiensis&rft.atitle=The+Intercolonial+Railway+and+the+Decline+of+the+Maritime+Provinces+Revisited&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-26&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30302862%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Ernest+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2FAcadiensis%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F11994%2F12838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderwood2005" class="citation book cs1">Underwood, Jay (2005). <i>Built for War: Canada's Intercolonial Railway</i>. Railfare Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Built+for+War%3A+Canada%27s+Intercolonial+Railway&rft.pub=Railfare+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Underwood&rft.aufirst=Jay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIntercolonial+Railway" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/44966">Works by Intercolonial Railway</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080604201802/http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/trains/h30-2080-e.html#a">"The Intercolonial Railway", <i>Canada By Train</i>, Library and Archives Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nshdpi.ca/is/rail/railway01.html">Intercolonial Railway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ns1758.ca/rail/railway1846.html">A Railway to Connect Nova Scotia with Canada: the complete text of sixteen official documents written during 1846, to explore the feasibility of a railway to connect Nova Scotia with Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110517022156/http://ns1758.ca/rail/railways.html">History of Railway Companies in Nova Scotia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="35px&#124;link=Canadian_National_Railway_Canadian_National_Railway" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_National_Railway" title="Template:Canadian National Railway"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_National_Railway" title="Template talk:Canadian National Railway"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_National_Railway" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian National Railway"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="35px&#124;link=Canadian_National_Railway_Canadian_National_Railway" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CN_Railway_logo.svg/35px-CN_Railway_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CN_Railway_logo.svg/53px-CN_Railway_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/CN_Railway_logo.svg/70px-CN_Railway_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="150" /></a></span>   <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />component railways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Government_Railways" title="Canadian Government Railways">Canadian Government Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Intercolonial Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Transcontinental_Railway" title="National Transcontinental Railway">National Transcontinental Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Railway" title="Prince Edward Island Railway">Prince Edward Island Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Railway">Canadian Northern Railway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Northern_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Northern Pacific Railway">Canadian Northern Pacific Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Winnipeg_and_Pacific_Railway" title="Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway">Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manitoba_Railway_and_Canal_Company" title="Lake Manitoba Railway and Canal Company">Lake Manitoba Railway and Canal Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Railway">Grand Trunk Railway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Vermont_Railway" title="Central Vermont Railway">Central Vermont Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Pacific_Railway" title="Grand Trunk Pacific Railway">Grand Trunk Pacific Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_and_Atlantic_Railroad" title="St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad">St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Western_Railroad" title="Grand Trunk Western Railroad">Grand Trunk Western Railroad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Toledo_and_Ironton_Railroad" title="Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad">Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Alberta_Railways" title="Northern Alberta Railways">Northern Alberta Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_and_Great_Waterways_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Alberta and Great Waterways Railway">Alberta and Great Waterways Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmonton,_Dunvegan_and_British_Columbia_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia Railway">Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:15em"><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Central_Ltd." title="Wisconsin Central Ltd.">Wisconsin Central Ltd.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algoma_Central_Railway" title="Algoma Central Railway">Algoma Central Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Joliet_%26_Eastern_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway">Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_and_Western_Railroad" title="Green Bay and Western Railroad">Green Bay and Western Railroad</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Transportation" title="Great Lakes Transportation">Great Lakes Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bessemer_and_Lake_Erie_Railroad" title="Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad">Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth,_Missabe_and_Iron_Range_Railway" title="Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway">Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Central_Railroad" title="Illinois Central Railroad">Illinois Central Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_and_Port_Stanley_Railway" title="London and Port Stanley Railway">London and Port Stanley Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Railway" title="Newfoundland Railway">Newfoundland Railway</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Hotels" title="Canadian National Hotels">Canadian National Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN_Marine" title="CN Marine">CN Marine</a>/<a href="/wiki/Marine_Atlantic" title="Marine Atlantic">Marine Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Transport" title="Terra Transport">Terra Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Air_Lines" title="Trans-Canada Air Lines">Trans-Canada Air Lines</a>/<a href="/wiki/Air_Canada" title="Air Canada">Air Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint Partnerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(Toronto)#Toronto_Terminals_Railway" title="Union Station (Toronto)">Toronto Terminal Railways</a> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under long-term lease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BC_Rail" title="BC Rail">BC Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CN_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="CN Police">CN Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CN_Tower" title="CN Tower">CN Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_National_Railways_companies" title="List of Canadian National Railways companies">List of Canadian National Railways companies</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839246#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839246#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839246#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/248757323">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqBqBrQmXcCYw3R6qJqwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&oldid=1229455092">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&oldid=1229455092</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Intercolonial_Railway" title="Category:Intercolonial Railway">Intercolonial Railway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_Crown_corporations_of_Canada" title="Category:Former Crown corporations of Canada">Former Crown corporations of Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_New_Brunswick_railways" title="Category:Defunct New Brunswick railways">Defunct New Brunswick railways</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_Nova_Scotia_railways" title="Category:Defunct Nova Scotia railways">Defunct Nova Scotia railways</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_Quebec_railways" title="Category:Defunct Quebec railways">Defunct Quebec railways</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_based_in_Moncton" title="Category:Companies based in Moncton">Companies based in Moncton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:5_ft_6_in_gauge_railways_in_Canada" title="Category:5 ft 6 in gauge railways in Canada">5 ft 6 in gauge railways in Canada</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2021">Use mdy dates from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Canadian_English_from_March_2021" title="Category:Use Canadian English from March 2021">Use Canadian English from March 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Canadian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Project_Gutenberg_links" title="Category:Articles with Project Gutenberg links">Articles with Project Gutenberg links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 June 2024, at 22:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intercolonial_Railway&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7j489","wgBackendResponseTime":211,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_75df1ab59abb7b05034572bedd4352fca10ebe03":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"page","url":"/w/api.php?format=json\u0026formatversion=2\u0026action=jsondata\u0026title=Intercolonial+Railway.map"},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"page","url":"/w/api.php?format=json\u0026formatversion=2\u0026action=jsondata\u0026title=Nova+Scotia+Railway.map"},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"page","url":"/w/api.php?format=json\u0026formatversion=2\u0026action=jsondata\u0026title=European+and+North+American+Railway+%28Intercolonial%29.map"},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"page","url":"/w/api.php?format=json\u0026formatversion=2\u0026action=jsondata\u0026title=Canada+Eastern+Railway.map"},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"page","url":"/w/api.php?format=json\u0026formatversion=2\u0026action=jsondata\u0026title=Grand+Trunk+Railway+of+Canada+East.map"}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.542","walltime":"0.681","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3971,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":77063,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7749,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":62125,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 578.617 1 -total"," 20.96% 121.301 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.94% 121.172 8 Template:Navbox"," 20.15% 116.564 1 Template:Canadian_National_Railway"," 12.98% 75.086 5 Template:Cite_book"," 12.89% 74.571 1 Template:Infobox_rail"," 11.91% 68.931 7 Template:Citation_needed"," 11.72% 67.802 1 Template:Infobox"," 10.18% 58.906 7 Template:Fix"," 9.19% 53.151 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.318","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12242444,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBlais2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConlin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCruikshank1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDick2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbes1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGonard1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLegget1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRailway_Equipment_and_Publication_Company1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnderwood2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWood1992\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Canadian National Railway\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 4,\n [\"Convert\"] = 5,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Intercolonial Railway\"] = 1,\n [\"DFHD\"] = 4,\n [\"Gutenberg author\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox rail\"] = 1,\n [\"Maplink-road\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reporting mark\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Track gauge\"] = 2,\n [\"Use Canadian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-88l8n","timestamp":"20241124163050","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Intercolonial Railway","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Intercolonial_Railway","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q839246","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q839246","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-09T03:12:36Z","dateModified":"2024-06-16T22:25:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/40\/Intercolonial_Railway_of_Canada_herald.png","headline":"historic Canadian railway"}</script> </body> </html>