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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="KJpIg_2vuQiojKxg51aLLuZIAA3QkZ7iXohkiJgmVbpZ_rCe5TljJ7C4PqEoTD3r0fAQkCp_eNYaPqYYPXbN2g" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Pierluigi Iannelli" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/19835504/Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_Design" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The present paper reports the main outcomes of an activity performed within the DeSiReH project, a European Funded Collaborative Project under the 7th Framework Program devoted to improving the industrial design process for laminar high-lift wings." /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/twitter-card.jpeg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/19835504/Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_Design" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The present paper reports the main outcomes of an activity performed within the DeSiReH project, a European Funded Collaborative Project under the 7th Framework Program devoted to improving the industrial design process for laminar high-lift wings." /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/PierluigiIannelli" /> <meta name="description" content="The present paper reports the main outcomes of an activity performed within the DeSiReH project, a European Funded Collaborative Project under the 7th Framework Program devoted to improving the industrial design process for laminar high-lift wings." /> <title>(PDF) Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835504/Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_Design" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '8cbfaf8766d0893fd555467e342c810c6b9f33ae'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740507896000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740507896000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The present paper reports the main outcomes of an activity performed within the DeSiReH project, a European Funded Collaborative Project under the 7th Framework Program devoted to improving the industrial design process for laminar high-lift wings. First, the description of the task to design a high-lift system has been analyzed to derive formulations of the design space in terms of design variables and objective functions to be used in an automatic design optimization process. Second, multi-point shape and setting optimization of a 2-D high lift system, a wing section of the DLR-F11 wing-body high-lift configuration, in both take-off and landing conditions have been performed. Extensive work has been put to derive guidelines and “do’s and don’t’s” for applying automatic design optimization to such complicated cases. Third, the 3D DLR-F11 (KH3Y) wing-body high-lift configuration was chosen for optimization of the take-off position to see the difference between 2D wing section optimi...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Pierluigi Iannelli","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PierluigiIannelli"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-12-26","dateModified":"2015-12-26","headline":"Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41057443/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/41057443/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19835504/Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_Design"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: 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[{"id":41057443,"identifier":"Attachment_41057443","shouldShowBulkDownload":false},{"id":41057444,"identifier":"Attachment_41057444","shouldShowBulkDownload":false},{"id":41057442,"identifier":"Attachment_41057442","shouldShowBulkDownload":false},{"id":41057441,"identifier":"Attachment_41057441","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":19835504,"created_at":"2015-12-26T01:04:07.031-08:00","from_world_paper_id":145921639,"updated_at":"2021-01-12T01:16:27.222-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The present paper reports the main outcomes of an activity performed within the DeSiReH project, a European Funded Collaborative Project under the 7th Framework Program devoted to improving the industrial design process for laminar high-lift wings. First, the description of the task to design a high-lift system has been analyzed to derive formulations of the design space in terms of design variables and objective functions to be used in an automatic design optimization process. Second, multi-point shape and setting optimization of a 2-D high lift system, a wing section of the DLR-F11 wing-body high-lift configuration, in both take-off and landing conditions have been performed. Extensive work has been put to derive guidelines and “do’s and don’t’s” for applying automatic design optimization to such complicated cases. Third, the 3D DLR-F11 (KH3Y) wing-body high-lift configuration was chosen for optimization of the take-off position to see the difference between 2D wing section optimi..."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [40608333]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":41057443,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/41057443/mini_magick20190220-26965-6vvj46.png?1550649959" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40608333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierluigiIannelli"><img alt="Profile image of Pierluigi Iannelli" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Pierluigi Iannelli</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 files</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 19835504; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The present paper reports the main outcomes of an activity performed within the DeSiReH project, a European Funded Collaborative Project under the 7th Framework Program devoted to improving the industrial design process for laminar high-lift wings. First, the description of the task to design a high-lift system has been analyzed to derive formulations of the design space in terms of design variables and objective functions to be used in an automatic design optimization process. Second, multi-point shape and setting optimization of a 2-D high lift system, a wing section of the DLR-F11 wing-body high-lift configuration, in both take-off and landing conditions have been performed. Extensive work has been put to derive guidelines and “do’s and don’t’s” for applying automatic design optimization to such complicated cases. 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The</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comparison of Optimization Strategies for High-Lift Design","attachmentId":66314213,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/46969229/Comparison_of_Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_Design","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/46969229/Comparison_of_Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_Design"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="19835503" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835503/Analysis_and_Application_of_Suitable_CFD_Based_Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_System_Design">Analysis and Application of Suitable CFD-Based Optimization Strategies for High-Lift System Design</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40608333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierluigiIannelli">Pierluigi Iannelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The design of high-lift (HL) systems represents a challenging task within the aerospace community, due to its multidisciplinary, multi-objective and multi-point nature. Within the paper an additional difficulty is considered, consisting in the design a HL system for a High Aspect Ratio Low Sweep (HARLS) wing, featuring Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) at transonic cruise conditions. In a first “analysis” phase a realistic optimization problem is defined and solved by adopting different approaches in terms of employed flow model, meshing strategies, geometry parameterization and optimization strategies. In a second “application” phase, the design of an optimal feasible HL system is developed for the HARLS-NLF wing, by considering a close coupling between 3D CFD-based optimization, kinematical layout studies and mechanical integration studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Analysis and Application of Suitable CFD-Based Optimization Strategies for High-Lift System Design","attachmentId":41232757,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19835503/Analysis_and_Application_of_Suitable_CFD_Based_Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_System_Design","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835503/Analysis_and_Application_of_Suitable_CFD_Based_Optimization_Strategies_for_High_Lift_System_Design"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="19835502" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835502/Design_of_a_High_Lift_System_for_a_Laminar_Wing">Design of a High-Lift System for a Laminar Wing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40608333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierluigiIannelli">Pierluigi Iannelli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The design of high-lift (HL) systems represents a challenging task within the aerospace community, due to its multidisciplinary, multi-objective and multi-point nature. Within the paper an additional difficulty is considered, consisting in the design a HL system for a High Aspect Ratio Low Sweep (HARLS) wing, featuring Natural Laminar Flow (NLF) at transonic cruise conditions. In a first “analysis” phase a realistic optimization problem is defined and solved by adopting different approaches in terms of employed flow model, meshing strategies, geometry parameterization and optimization strategies. In a second “application” phase, the design of an optimal feasible HL system is developed for the HARLS-NLF wing, by considering a close coupling between 3D CFD-based optimization, kinematical layout studies and mechanical integration studies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Design of a High-Lift System for a Laminar Wing","attachmentId":41232328,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19835502/Design_of_a_High_Lift_System_for_a_Laminar_Wing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835502/Design_of_a_High_Lift_System_for_a_Laminar_Wing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="19835499" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835499/MULTI_OBJECTIVE_MULTI_POINT_SHAPE_AND_SETTING_HIGH_LIFT_SYSTEM_OPTIMIZATION_BY_MEANS_OF_GENETIC_ALGORITHM_AND_2D_NAVIER_STOKES_EQUATIONS">MULTI-OBJECTIVE/MULTI-POINT SHAPE AND SETTING HIGH-LIFT SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION BY MEANS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM AND 2D NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40608333" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PierluigiIannelli">Pierluigi Iannelli</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37141433" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DQuagliarella">D. Quagliarella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">High-lift systems optimization is a challenging problem in aerospace industry, as it is often characterized by multiple and often conflicting requirements in terms of objectives, constraints and design points. Due to its nature, high-lift system designers must deal with multidisciplinary problems, often of stiff nature. In this paper a realistic high-lift optimization problem is defined and solved via a genetic algorithm coupled to a Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. Specifically, a 3-element airfoil optimization procedure is presented and applied to a multi-objective/multi-point problem, where both shape and settings of a multi-component airfoil are optimized with respect to both take-off and landing performance, by also including several aerodynamic, airworthiness and manufacturing constraints. Results are discussed in terms of both quality and reliability with reference to industrial requirements.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MULTI-OBJECTIVE/MULTI-POINT SHAPE AND SETTING HIGH-LIFT SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION BY MEANS OF GENETIC ALGORITHM AND 2D NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS","attachmentId":41234437,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19835499/MULTI_OBJECTIVE_MULTI_POINT_SHAPE_AND_SETTING_HIGH_LIFT_SYSTEM_OPTIMIZATION_BY_MEANS_OF_GENETIC_ALGORITHM_AND_2D_NAVIER_STOKES_EQUATIONS","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19835499/MULTI_OBJECTIVE_MULTI_POINT_SHAPE_AND_SETTING_HIGH_LIFT_SYSTEM_OPTIMIZATION_BY_MEANS_OF_GENETIC_ALGORITHM_AND_2D_NAVIER_STOKES_EQUATIONS"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="17414831" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17414831/Realistic_high_lift_design_of_transport_aircraft_by_applying_numerical_optimization">Realistic high-lift design of transport aircraft by applying numerical optimization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39143910" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FredericMoens">Frederic Moens</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37269256" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JWild2">J. Wild</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37141433" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DQuagliarella">D. Quagliarella</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The design activity within the EUROLIFT II project is targeted towards an improvement of the take-off performance of a generic transport aircraft configuration by a redesign of the trailing edge flap. The involved partners applied different optimization strategies as well as different types of flow solvers in order to cover a wide range of possible approaches for aerodynamic design optimization. The optimization results obtained by the different partners have been cross-checked in order to eliminate solver dependencies and to identify the best obtained design. The final selected design has been applied to the wind tunnel model and the test in the European Transonic Wind Tunnel (ETW) at high Reynolds number confirms the predicted improvements.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Realistic high-lift design of transport aircraft by applying numerical optimization","attachmentId":39494579,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17414831/Realistic_high_lift_design_of_transport_aircraft_by_applying_numerical_optimization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17414831/Realistic_high_lift_design_of_transport_aircraft_by_applying_numerical_optimization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="10638064" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10638064/DESIGN_OPTIMIZATION_OF_HIGH_LIFT_CONFIGURATIONS_USING_A_VISCOUS_ADJOINT_BASED_METHOD">DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH-LIFT CONFIGURATIONS USING A VISCOUS ADJOINT-BASED METHOD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26002920" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IoannouAlex">Alex Ioannou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Aerodynamic Shape Optimization (ASO) has long been a challenging problem in the study of fluid dynamics. A continuous adjoint method for ASO using the compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations was implemented and tested. Using a viscous continuous adjoint formulation, the necessary aerodynamic gradient information was obtained with large computational savings over traditional finite-difference methods. The resulting implementation was used to determine the accuracy in the calculation of aerodynamic gradient information for use in ASO problems. The accuracy of the derivative information was assessed by direct comparison with finite-difference gradients. Design examples, including inverse problems, drag minimization, and lift maximization were performed for a single-element airfoil. The method was also used to demonstrate the feasibility of aerodynamic design of twodimensional multi-element airfoils, although more complete studies are needed to generate realistic configurations. The viscous design method used a RANS multi-block solver, FLO103-MB, a point-to-point matched multi-block grid system and the Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication standard for both the flow and adjoint calculations. The Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model was implemented to account for high Reynolds number effects. Airfoil shape, element positioning, and angle of attack were used as design variables. Design results that verify the mathematical correctness of the gradient calculation method for high-lift system design and optimization were also shown. v Acknowledgments This research has been made possible by the generous support of the David and Lucille Packard Foundation in the form of a Stanford University School of Engineering Terman Fellowship.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH-LIFT CONFIGURATIONS USING A VISCOUS ADJOINT-BASED METHOD","attachmentId":36570467,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10638064/DESIGN_OPTIMIZATION_OF_HIGH_LIFT_CONFIGURATIONS_USING_A_VISCOUS_ADJOINT_BASED_METHOD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10638064/DESIGN_OPTIMIZATION_OF_HIGH_LIFT_CONFIGURATIONS_USING_A_VISCOUS_ADJOINT_BASED_METHOD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="14805964" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14805964/A_new_approach_to_integrated_wing_design_in_conceptual_synthesis_and_optimization">A new approach to integrated wing design in conceptual synthesis and optimization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33765695" href="https://gatech.academia.edu/DimitriNMavris">Dimitri N. Mavris</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1996</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Design-oriented analysis has become increasingly important as more and more problems traditionally solved in isolation are being approached from a multidisciplinary point of view. One such problem is the aeroelastic optimization of supersonic transport wings. Whereas simplified analytical techniques may not be sophisticated enough, and complex numerical models may be too cumbersome, this paper puts forward a new approach to achieving a balance between modeling fidelity and required accuracy. Higher fidelity analysis techniques, usually associated with design stages where key geometric variables have been fixed, are used to model a design space consisting of these important geometric variables. This is accomplished through the combined use of a Design of Experiment/Response Surface Method technique and parametric analysis tools (including an automated finite element grid generation procedure). The result is a prediction method for the structural weight of an aeroelastically optimized wing for use in an Integrated Product and Process Development environment, where cost, performance, and manufacturing trades can be accomplished. The technique is to be demonstrated on the aeroelastic design of a wing for a generic High Speed Civil Transport, based on a select set of planform and airfoil design variables. Finally, a framework for evaluating new technologies within the aeroelastic optimization is outlined.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A new approach to integrated wing design in conceptual synthesis and optimization","attachmentId":43883312,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14805964/A_new_approach_to_integrated_wing_design_in_conceptual_synthesis_and_optimization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14805964/A_new_approach_to_integrated_wing_design_in_conceptual_synthesis_and_optimization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="56156968" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56156968/A_Framework_for_Aerodynamic_and_Structural_Optimization_in_Conceptual_Design">A Framework for Aerodynamic and Structural Optimization in Conceptual Design</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67033571" href="https://liu-se.academia.edu/PetterKrus">Petter Krus</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">25th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Aircraft design is an inherently multidisciplinary activity that requires different models and tools for various aspects of the design. At Linköping University a novel design framework is being developed to support the initial conceptual design phase of a new aircraft. In this work main attention has been paid to wing design, with respect to aerodynamic efficiency and loads, and to structural analysis. By linking together various modules via a user-friendly interface based on a spreadsheet, the framework allows multidisciplinary analysis and optimizations to be carried out. This paper will present the framework, give an overview of its development status and give an indication on the future work. Nomenclature CAD = Computer Aided Design c L = Lift coefficient at given angle of attack α c di = Induced drag coefficient at given angle of attack α c m = Pitching moment coefficient at given angle of attack α MDF = CAD Datums Model MDS</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Framework for Aerodynamic and Structural Optimization in Conceptual Design","attachmentId":71681572,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56156968/A_Framework_for_Aerodynamic_and_Structural_Optimization_in_Conceptual_Design","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56156968/A_Framework_for_Aerodynamic_and_Structural_Optimization_in_Conceptual_Design"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="34000837" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34000837/Application_of_Multidisciplinary_Design_Optimization_on_Advanced_Configuration_Aircraft">Application of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization on Advanced Configuration Aircraft</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66503175" href="https://cta.academia.edu/JournalofAerospaceTechnologyandManagement">Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An optimization strategy is constructed to solve the aerodynamic and structural optimization problems in the conceptual design of double-swept flying wing aircraft. Aircraft preliminary aerodynamic and structural design optimization is typically based on the application of a deterministic approach of optimizing aerodynamic performance and structural weight. In aerodynamic optimization, the objective is to minimize induced drag coefficient, and the structural optimization aims to find the minimization of the structural weight. In order to deal with the multiple objective optimization problems, an optimization strategy based on collaborative optimization is adopted. Based on the optimization strategy, the optimization process is divided into system level optimization and subsystem level optimization. The system level optimization aims to obtain the optimized design which meets the constraints of all disciplines. In subsystem optimization, the optimization process for different disciplines can be executed simultaneously to search for the consistent schemes. A double-swept configuration of flying wing aircraft is optimized through the suggested optimization strategy, and the optimization results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Application of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization on Advanced Configuration Aircraft","attachmentId":53948625,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34000837/Application_of_Multidisciplinary_Design_Optimization_on_Advanced_Configuration_Aircraft","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34000837/Application_of_Multidisciplinary_Design_Optimization_on_Advanced_Configuration_Aircraft"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="67882571" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67882571/Aerodynamic_Optimization_of_Near_future_High_wing_Aircraft">Aerodynamic Optimization of Near-future High-wing Aircraft</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41983589" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShinkyuJeong">Shinkyu Jeong</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper discusses aerodynamic optimization of the high-wing configuration to explore fuselage-wing shapes for the high-wing configurations of near-future aircraft, in which it will be possible to install fuel-efficient, ultrahigh-bypass ratio engines, using computational fluid dynamics simulation and the Kriging surrogate-assisted genetic algorithm. First, optimization of the fuselage upper surface is performed, with exploration of the fairing shape suitable for the high-wing configuration. Second, the aircraft nose shape is also optimized, in addition to the fuselage upper surface, to confirm the possibility of generating higher lift by the fuselage itself. Finally, both the fuselage and the wing shape are optimized to improve the lift-to-drag ratio by alleviating the shock wave over the wing, while sustaining the high lift generation of the high-wing configuration. The final optimized configuration achieves not only a lift-to-drag ratio comparable to the DLR-F6, but also a C L approximately 1.5 times higher than the DLR-F6. These results indicate the possibility of producing highwing aircraft that not only employ fuel-efficient ultrahigh-bypass ratio engines, but also have much better aerodynamic performance than low-wing configurations.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aerodynamic Optimization of Near-future High-wing Aircraft","attachmentId":78563468,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/67882571/Aerodynamic_Optimization_of_Near_future_High_wing_Aircraft","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/67882571/Aerodynamic_Optimization_of_Near_future_High_wing_Aircraft"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41057443,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":41057443,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_41057443" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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