CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cave painting - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4bdeea5b-18e2-4c00-9195-1ccfa345844e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cave_painting","wgTitle":"Cave painting","wgCurRevisionId":1252610914,"wgRevisionId":1252610914,"wgArticleId":182028,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: others","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Pages with missing ISBNs","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021","All pages needing factual verification","Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2012" ,"Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Art of the Upper Paleolithic","Cave paintings","Indigenous art","Mass media technology","Murals","Pre-Columbian art"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cave_painting","wgRelevantArticleId":182028,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q214334","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/1200px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/800px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/640px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cave painting - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cave_painting rootpage-Cave_painting skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cave+painting" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cave+painting" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cave+painting" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cave+painting" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subjects,_themes,_and_patterns_in_cave_painting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subjects,_themes,_and_patterns_in_cave_painting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Subjects, themes, and patterns in cave painting</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subjects,_themes,_and_patterns_in_cave_painting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subjects, themes, and patterns in cave painting subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subjects,_themes,_and_patterns_in_cave_painting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theories_and_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_and_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Theories and interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories_and_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleolithic_cave_art_by_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleolithic_cave_art_by_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Paleolithic cave art by region</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Paleolithic_cave_art_by_region-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Paleolithic cave art by region subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Paleolithic_cave_art_by_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_and_Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_and_Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>East and Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_and_Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Southern Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holocene_cave_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holocene_cave_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Holocene cave art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Holocene_cave_art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Holocene cave art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Holocene_cave_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horn_of_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horn_of_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Horn of Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horn_of_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Africa_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Africa_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Southern Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Africa_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_and_Baja_California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_and_Baja_California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Northern and Baja California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_and_Baja_California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cave painting</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotkuns" title="Grotkuns – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grotkuns" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6hlenmalerei" title="Höhlenmalerei – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Höhlenmalerei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81" title="رسوم الكهوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسوم الكهوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%9Fara_r%C9%99smi" title="Mağara rəsmi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mağara rəsmi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="গুহাচিত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুহাচিত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81" title="Пячорны жывапіс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пячорны жывапіс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeskynn%C3%AD_mal%C3%AD%C5%99stv%C3%AD" title="Jeskynní malířství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jeskynní malířství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulemaleri" title="Hulemaleri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hulemaleri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6hlenmalerei" title="Höhlenmalerei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Höhlenmalerei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopamaaling" title="Koopamaaling – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koopamaaling" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Ζωγραφική σπηλαίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζωγραφική σπηλαίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pintura_rupestre_en_cuevas" title="Pintura rupestre en cuevas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pintura rupestre en cuevas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prahomaj_pentra%C4%B5oj" title="Prahomaj pentraĵoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prahomaj pentraĵoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitzulo_pintura" title="Haitzulo pintura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Haitzulo pintura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87" title="غارنگاره – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غارنگاره" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_pari%C3%A9tal" title="Art pariétal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art pariétal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotskildering" title="Grotskildering – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grotskildering" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EA%B5%B4%EB%B2%BD%ED%99%94" title="동굴벽화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동굴벽화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Քարանձավային նկարչություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քարանձավային նկարչություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="गुफ़ा चित्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुफ़ा चित्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavern-arto" title="Kavern-arto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kavern-arto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan_gua" title="Lukisan gua – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lukisan gua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellam%C3%A1lverk" title="Hellamálverk – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hellamálverk" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA" title="ציורי מערות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציורי מערות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="კლდის მხატვრობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლდის მხატვრობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urv%C5%B3_pie%C5%A1iniai" title="Urvų piešiniai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Urvų piešiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotsj%C3%A8ldering" title="Grotsjèldering – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grotsjèldering" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barlangrajz" title="Barlangrajz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Barlangrajz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="आदिमानवांची चित्रकला – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आदिमानवांची चित्रकला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan_gua" title="Lukisan gua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lukisan gua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukisan_guo" title="Lukisan guo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Lukisan guo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotschildering" title="Grotschildering – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grotschildering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%AA%9F%E5%A3%81%E7%94%BB" title="洞窟壁画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="洞窟壁画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulemaleri" title="Hulemaleri – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hulemaleri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2lem%C3%A5leri" title="Hòlemåleri – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hòlemåleri" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_parietau" title="Art parietau – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Art parietau" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malarstwo_jaskiniowe" title="Malarstwo jaskiniowe – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malarstwo jaskiniowe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Пещерная живопись – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пещерная живопись" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ගුහා සිතුවම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුහා සිතුවම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cave painting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaskynn%C3%A1_ma%C4%BEba" title="Jaskynná maľba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jaskynná maľba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamske_poslikave" title="Jamske poslikave – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jamske poslikave" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C4%87insko_slikarstvo" title="Pećinsko slikarstvo – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pećinsko slikarstvo" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grottm%C3%A5lning" title="Grottmålning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grottmålning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குகை ஓவியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குகை ஓவியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B9_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B3" title="శిలాగుహ చిత్రకళ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శిలాగుహ చిత్రకళ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C4%9Fara_ressaml%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Mağara ressamlığı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mağara ressamlığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Печерний живопис – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Печерний живопис" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="غار نقاشی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="غار نقاشی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depenta_rupestre" title="Depenta rupestre – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Depenta rupestre" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kall%27voimujupirdand" title="Kall'voimujupirdand – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kall'voimujupirdand" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranh_hang_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Tranh hang động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tranh hang động" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B4%9E%E5%A3%81%E7%94%BB" title="石洞壁画 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="石洞壁画" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214334#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cave_painting" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cave_painting" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cave_painting" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&oldid=1252610914" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cave_painting&id=1252610914&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCave_painting"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCave_painting"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cave_painting&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cave_paintings" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214334" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Paintings, often prehistoric, on cave walls and ceilings</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">rock art</a>, the broader term which includes human-made markings on all natural surfaces.</div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/330px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/495px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg/660px-SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Manos" title="Cueva de las Manos">Cueva de las Manos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perito_Moreno,_Santa_Cruz" title="Perito Moreno, Santa Cruz">Perito Moreno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. The art in the cave is dated between 7,300 BC and 700 AD;<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stenciled, mostly left hands are shown.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>, <b>cave paintings</b> are a type of <a href="/wiki/Parietal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Parietal art">parietal art</a> (which category also includes <a href="/wiki/Petroglyphs" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroglyphs">petroglyphs</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a>), found on the wall or ceilings of <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">caves</a>. The term usually implies <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">prehistoric origin</a>. These paintings were often created by <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Homo sapiens</a>, but also <a href="/wiki/Denisovan" title="Denisovan">Denisovans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a>; other species in the same Homo genus. Discussion around prehistoric art is important in understanding the history of the Homo sapiens species and how Homo sapiens have come to have unique abstract thoughts. Some point to these prehistoric paintings as possible examples of creativity, spirituality, and sentimental thinking in prehistoric humans. </p><p>The oldest known are more than 40,000 years old (<a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">art of the Upper Paleolithic</a>) and found in the <a href="/wiki/Caves_in_the_district_of_Maros" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves in the district of Maros">caves in the district of Maros</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>). The oldest are often constructed from hand stencils and simple geometric shapes.<sup id="cite_ref-Aubert2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aubert2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, in 2021, cave art of a pig found in <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, Indonesia, and dated to over 45,500 years ago, has been reported.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20210113_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20210113-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2018 study claimed an age of 64,000 years for the oldest examples of non-figurative cave art in the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a>. Represented by three red non-figurative symbols found in the caves of <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Maltravieso" title="Cave of Maltravieso">Maltravieso</a>, Ardales and <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_La_Pasiega" title="Cave of La Pasiega">La Pasiega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, these predate the appearance of modern humans in Europe by at least 20,000 years and thus must have been made by <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/European_early_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="European early modern humans">modern humans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann2018_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the then-oldest known figurative art painting, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of <a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Lubang Jeriji Saléh</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20181107-cz_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181107-cz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20181107_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20181107-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2019, cave paintings portraying pig hunting within the <a href="/wiki/Caves_in_the_Maros-Pangkep_karst" title="Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst">Maros-Pangkep karst</a> region in <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> were discovered to be even older, with an estimated age of at least 43,900 years. This finding was recognized as "the oldest known depiction of <a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">storytelling</a> and the earliest instance of figurative art in human history."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191211_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191211-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 3, 2024, the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> published research findings indicating that the cave paintings which depict <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> figures interacting with a pig and measure 36 by 15 inches (91 by 38 cm) in <a href="/wiki/Karampuang_cave" title="Karampuang cave">Leang Karampuang</a> are approximately 51,200 years old, establishing them as the oldest known paintings in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dating">Dating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Dating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg/220px-Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg/330px-Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg/440px-Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h_cave_painting_of_Bull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1814" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>One of the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative paintings</a>, a depiction of an unknown <a href="/wiki/Bovinae" title="Bovinae">bovine</a>, was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Lubang Jeriji Saléh</a> cave and dated to be more than 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20181107-cz_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181107-cz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20181107_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20181107-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nearly 350 caves have now been discovered in France and Spain that contain art from <a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">prehistoric</a> times. Initially, the age of the paintings had been a contentious issue, since methods like <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dating</a> can produce misleading results if contaminated by other samples,<sup id="cite_ref-welsh_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-welsh-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and caves and rocky overhangs (where <a href="/wiki/Parietal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Parietal art">parietal art</a> is found) are typically littered with debris from many time periods. But subsequent technology has made it possible to date the paintings by sampling the pigment itself, torch marks on the walls,<sup id="cite_ref-valladas_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valladas-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the formation of <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> deposits on top of the paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann2016_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subject matter can also indicate chronology: for instance, the <a href="/wiki/Reindeer" title="Reindeer">reindeer</a> depicted in the Spanish cave of Cueva de las Monedas places the drawings in the last Ice Age. </p><p>The oldest known cave painting is a red hand stencil in <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Maltravieso" title="Cave of Maltravieso">Maltravieso cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1ceres,_Spain" title="Cáceres, Spain">Cáceres</a>, Spain. It has been dated using the <a href="/wiki/Uranium%E2%80%93thorium_dating" title="Uranium–thorium dating">uranium-thorium</a> method<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann2016_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann2016-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to older than 64,000 years and was made by a <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoffmann2018_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoffmann2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest date given to an animal cave painting is now a depiction of several human figures hunting pigs in the <a href="/wiki/Caves_in_the_Maros-Pangkep_karst" title="Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst">caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, dated to be over 43,900 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20191211_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20191211-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before this, the oldest known figurative cave paintings were that of a bull dated to 40,000 years, at <a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Lubang Jeriji Saléh</a> cave, <a href="/wiki/East_Kalimantan" title="East Kalimantan">East Kalimantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Indonesian Borneo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a depiction of a pig with a minimum age of 35,400 years at Timpuseng cave in Sulawesi.<sup id="cite_ref-Aubert2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aubert2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known European figurative cave paintings are those of <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a> in France, dating to earlier than 30,000 BC in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> according to <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiocarbon">radiocarbon</a> dating.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some researchers believe the drawings are too advanced for this era and question this age.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 80 radiocarbon dates had been obtained by 2011, with samples taken from torch marks and from the paintings themselves, as well as from animal bones and charcoal found on the cave floor. The radiocarbon dates from these samples show that there were two periods of creation in Chauvet: 35,000 years ago and 30,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the surprises was that many of the paintings were modified repeatedly over thousands of years, possibly explaining the confusion about finer paintings that seemed to date earlier than cruder ones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg/220px-Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg/330px-Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg/440px-Rhinos_Chauvet_Cave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An artistic depiction of a group of rhinoceros was completed in the <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a> 30,000 to 32,000 years ago.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">cavers</a> discovered drawings in <a href="/wiki/Coliboaia_Cave" title="Coliboaia Cave">Coliboaia Cave</a> in Romania, stylistically comparable to those at <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Coliboaia_Ghemis_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coliboaia_Ghemis-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An initial dating puts the age of an image in the same range as Chauvet: about 32,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Coliboaia_Zorich_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coliboaia_Zorich-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, cave paintings have been found on the <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a> plateau showing <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a> which are thought to have been extinct for over 40,000 years, making this site another candidate for oldest known painting; however, the proposed age is dependent on the estimate of the extinction of the species seemingly depicted.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_megafauna_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc_megafauna-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Australian site, <a href="/wiki/Gabarnmung" title="Gabarnmung">Nawarla Gabarnmang</a>, has charcoal drawings that have been radiocarbon-dated to 28,000 years, making it the oldest site in Australia and among the oldest in the world for which reliable date evidence has been obtained.<sup id="cite_ref-CSM_rockart_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSM_rockart-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other examples may date as late as the Early Bronze Age, but the well-known <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> style seen at <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> in France (c.<span class="nowrap"> </span>15,000 BC) and <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Altamira</a> in Spain died out about 10,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC, coinciding with the advent of the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Neolithic period">Neolithic period</a>. Some caves probably continued to be painted over a period of several thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_20000_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph_20000-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next phase of surviving European prehistoric painting, the <a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin</a>, was very different, concentrating on large assemblies of smaller and much less detailed figures, with at least as many humans as animals. This was created roughly between 10,000 and 5,500 years ago, and painted in rock shelters under cliffs or shallow caves, in contrast to the recesses of deep caves used in the earlier (and much colder) period. Although individual figures are less naturalistic, they are grouped in coherent grouped compositions to a much greater degree. Over a long period of time, the cave art has become less naturalistic and has graduated from beautiful, naturalistic animal drawings to simple ones, and then to abstract shapes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subjects,_themes,_and_patterns_in_cave_painting"><span id="Subjects.2C_themes.2C_and_patterns_in_cave_painting"></span>Subjects, themes, and patterns in cave painting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subjects, themes, and patterns in cave painting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rock_art_bull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rock_art_bull.jpg/220px-Rock_art_bull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rock_art_bull.jpg/330px-Rock_art_bull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Rock_art_bull.jpg/440px-Rock_art_bull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Prehistoric cave painting of animals at Albarracín, Teruel, Spain (<a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Iberian_Mediterranean_Basin" title="Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin">rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Cave artists use a variety of techniques such as finger tracing, modeling in clay, engravings, <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">bas-relief</a> <a href="/wiki/Janine_Mountain" title="Janine Mountain">sculpture</a>, hand stencils, and paintings done in two or three colors. Scholars classify cave art as "Signs" or abstract marks. <sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common subjects in cave paintings are large wild animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">bison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, and tracings of human hands as well as abstract patterns, called <a href="/wiki/Finger_flutings" class="mw-redirect" title="Finger flutings">finger flutings</a>. The species found most often were suitable for hunting by humans, but were not necessarily the actual typical prey found in associated deposits of bones; for example, the painters of <a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a> have mainly left reindeer bones, but this species does not appear at all in the cave paintings, where <a href="/wiki/Equine" class="mw-redirect" title="Equine">equine</a> species are the most common. Drawings of humans were rare and are usually schematic as opposed to the more detailed and naturalistic images of animal subjects. Kieran D. O'Hara, geologist, suggests in his book <i>Cave Art and Climate Change</i> that climate controlled the themes depicted.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pigments used include red and yellow <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">hematite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manganese_oxide" title="Manganese oxide">manganese oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">charcoal</a>. Sometimes the silhouette of the animal was incised in the rock first, and in some caves all or many of the images are only engraved in this fashion,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> taking them somewhat out of a strict definition of "cave painting". </p><p>Similarly, large animals are also the most common subjects in the many small carved and engraved bone or ivory (less often stone) pieces dating from the same periods. But these include the group of <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurines</a>, which with a few incomplete exceptions have no real equivalent in Paleolithic cave paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One counterexample is a feminine figure in the <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a>, as described in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Baffier" title="Dominique Baffier">Dominique Baffier</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Forgotten_Dreams" title="Cave of Forgotten Dreams">Cave of Forgotten Dreams</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hand stencils, formed by placing a hand against the wall and covering the surrounding area in pigment result in the characteristic image of a roughly round area of solid pigment with the negative shape of the hand in the centre, these may then be decorated with dots, dashes, and patterns. Often, these are found in the same caves as other paintings, or may be the only form of painting in a location. Some walls contain many hand stencils. Similar hands are also painted in the usual fashion. A number of hands show a finger wholly or partly missing, for which a number of explanations have been given. Hand images are found in similar forms in Europe, Eastern Asia, Australia, and South America.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One site in <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> features handprints as a prominent motif in its rock art. Archaeological study of this site revealed that, based on the size of the handprints, they most likely belonged to the women of the community. In addition to this, they were likely used during initiation rituals in Chinigchinich religious practices, which were commonly practiced in the <a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o" title="Luiseño">Luiseño</a> territory where this site is located.<sup id="cite_ref-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theories_and_interpretations">Theories and interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theories and interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bestias11.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bestias11.JPG/220px-Bestias11.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bestias11.JPG/330px-Bestias11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bestias11.JPG/440px-Bestias11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Rock paintings from the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Beasts" title="Cave of Beasts">Cave of Beasts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gilf_Kebir" title="Gilf Kebir">Gilf Kebir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Desert" title="Libyan Desert">Libyan Desert</a>) Estimated 7000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 20th century, following the work of <a href="/wiki/Walter_Baldwin_Spencer" title="Walter Baldwin Spencer">Walter Baldwin Spencer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_James_Gillen" title="Francis James Gillen">Francis James Gillen</a>, scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Reinach" title="Salomon Reinach">Salomon Reinach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Breuil" title="Henri Breuil">Henri Breuil</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Begou%C3%ABn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Begouën (page does not exist)">Count Bégouën</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Begou%C3%ABn" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Begouën">fr</a>]</span> interpreted the paintings as 'utilitarian' <a href="/wiki/Hunting_magic" title="Hunting magic">hunting magic</a> to increase the abundance of prey.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bronowski" title="Jacob Bronowski">Jacob Bronowski</a> states, "I think that the power that we see expressed here for the first time is the power of anticipation: the forward-looking imagination. In these paintings the hunter was made familiar with dangers which he knew he had to face but to which he had not yet come."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory, developed by <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis-Williams" title="David Lewis-Williams">David Lewis-Williams</a> and broadly based on ethnographic studies of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> societies, is that the paintings were made by paleolithic <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaman would retreat into the darkness of the caves, enter into a trance state, then paint images of their visions, perhaps with some notion of drawing out power from the cave walls themselves. </p><p>R. Dale Guthrie, who has studied both highly artistic and lower quality art and figurines, identifies a wide range of skill and age among the artists. He hypothesizes that the main themes in the paintings and other artifacts (powerful beasts, risky hunting scenes and the representation of women in the <a href="/wiki/Venus_figurines" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus figurines">Venus figurines</a>) are the work of adolescent males, who constituted a large part of the <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_demography" title="Prehistoric demography">human population at the time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-guthrie_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guthrie-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (December 2012)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, in analyzing hand prints and stencils in French and Spanish caves, Dean Snow of Pennsylvania State University has proposed that a proportion of them, including those around the spotted horses in Pech Merle, were of female hands.<sup id="cite_ref-times_handprints_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times_handprints-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Analysis in 2022, led by Bennet Bacon, an amateur archaeologist, along with a team of professional archeologists and psychologists at the University of Durham, including <a href="/wiki/Paul_Pettitt" title="Paul Pettitt">Paul Pettitt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Kentridge" title="Robert William Kentridge">Robert William Kentridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggested that lines and dots (and a commonly seen, if curious, "Y" symbol, which was proposed to mean "to give birth") on <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Palaeolithic">upper palaeolithic</a> cave paintings correlated with the mating cycle of animals in a <a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a>, potentially making them the earliest known evidence of a <a href="/wiki/Proto-writing" title="Proto-writing">proto-writing</a> system and explaining one object of many cave paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleolithic_cave_art_by_region">Paleolithic cave art by region</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paleolithic cave art by region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleolithic art">Paleolithic art</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Caves_in_Cantabria" title="Caves in Cantabria">Caves in Cantabria</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20,000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png/220px-20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png/330px-20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png/440px-20%2C000_Year_Old_Cave_Paintings_Hyena.png 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>30,000-year-old <a href="/wiki/Cave_hyena" title="Cave hyena">cave hyena</a> painting found in the <a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a>, France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg/220px-Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg/330px-Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg/440px-Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain-110113.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="1417" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira_and_Paleolithic_Cave_Art_of_Northern_Spain" title="Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain">Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Well-known cave paintings include those of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_El_Castillo" title="Cave of El Castillo">Cave of El Castillo</a>, Spain (~40,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapova_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapova Cave">Kapova Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a>, Russia (~36,000 y.o.)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Vallon-Pont-d%27Arc" title="Vallon-Pont-d'Arc">Vallon-Pont-d'Arc</a>, France (~35,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_La_Pasiega" title="Cave of La Pasiega">Cave of La Pasiega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuevas_de_El_Castillo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuevas de El Castillo">Cuevas de El Castillo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, Spain (~30,000 y.o.?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Arcy-sur-Cure" title="Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure">Caves of Arcy-sur-Cure</a>, France (~28,200 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosquer_Cave" title="Cosquer Cave">Cosquer Cave</a>, with an entrance below <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> near <a href="/wiki/Marseille,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseille, France">Marseille, France</a> (~27,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Gargas" title="Caves of Gargas">Caves of Gargas</a>, France (~27,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotte_de_Cussac" title="Grotte de Cussac">Grotte de Cussac</a>, France (~25,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pech_Merle" title="Pech Merle">Pech Merle</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Cabrerets" title="Cabrerets">Cabrerets</a>, France (25,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Lascaux</a>, France (~17,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Niaux" title="Cave of Niaux">Cave of Niaux</a>, France (~17,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font-de-Gaume" title="Font-de-Gaume">Font-de-Gaume</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a> Valley, France (~17,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badanj_Cave" title="Badanj Cave">Badanj Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stolac" title="Stolac">Stolac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> (~16,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Altamira" title="Cave of Altamira">Cave of Altamira</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Santillana_del_Mar" title="Santillana del Mar">Santillana del Mar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantabria" title="Cantabria">Cantabria</a>, Spain (~15,500 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Marche_(cave)" title="La Marche (cave)">La Marche</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Lussac-les-Ch%C3%A2teaux" title="Lussac-les-Châteaux">Lussac-les-Châteaux</a>, France (~15,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Combarelles" title="Les Combarelles">Les Combarelles</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Les_Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil" title="Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil">Les Eyzies de Tayac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dordogne" title="Dordogne">Dordogne</a>, France (~13,600 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Trois-Fr%C3%A8res" title="Cave of the Trois-Frères">Cave of the Trois-Frères</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(department)" title="Ariège (department)">Ariège</a>, France (~13,000 y.o.)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magura_Cave" title="Magura Cave">Magura Cave</a>, Bulgaria (~10,000 y.o.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solsem_cave" title="Solsem cave">Solsem cave</a>, Norway (~3,000 y.o.)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Men_of_the_old_stone_age_(1915)_Wolf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Men_of_the_old_stone_age_%281915%29_Wolf.png/220px-Men_of_the_old_stone_age_%281915%29_Wolf.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Men_of_the_old_stone_age_%281915%29_Wolf.png/330px-Men_of_the_old_stone_age_%281915%29_Wolf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Men_of_the_old_stone_age_%281915%29_Wolf.png/440px-Men_of_the_old_stone_age_%281915%29_Wolf.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">Polychrome</a> cave painting of a <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>, Font-de-Gaume, France</figcaption></figure> <p>Other sites include <a href="/wiki/Creswell_Crags" title="Creswell Crags">Creswell Crags</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a>, England (~14,500 ys old cave etchings and <a href="/wiki/Bas-reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-reliefs">bas-reliefs</a> discovered in 2003), <a href="/wiki/Pe%C8%99tera_Coliboaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peștera Coliboaia">Peștera Coliboaia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (~29,000 y.o. art?).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rock painting was also performed on cliff faces; but fewer of those have survived because of <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>. One example is the rock paintings of <a href="/wiki/Astuvansalmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Astuvansalmi">Astuvansalmi</a> (3,000–2,500 BC) in the <a href="/wiki/Saimaa" title="Saimaa">Saimaa</a> area of Finland. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Sanz_de_Sautuola" title="Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola">Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola</a> first encountered the <a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian</a> paintings of the Cave of Altamira in Cantabria, Spain in 1879, the academics of the time considered them hoaxes. Recent reappraisals and numerous additional discoveries have since demonstrated their authenticity, while at the same time stimulating interest in the artistry and symbolism<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Palaeolithic">Upper Palaeolithic</a> peoples. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_and_Southeast_Asia">East and Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East and Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cave of Pettakere, Bantimurung district (kecamatan), South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Hand stencils estimated between 0,000 years old[45]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg/220px-Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg/330px-Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg/440px-Hands_in_Pettakere_Cave_DYK_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="413" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Caves_in_the_Maros-Pangkep_karst" title="Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst">Caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, Indonesia). Hand stencils estimated between 35,000–40,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> the <a href="/wiki/Caves_in_the_district_of_Maros" class="mw-redirect" title="Caves in the district of Maros">caves in the district of Maros</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> are famous for their hand prints. About 1,500 negative handprints have also been found in 30 painted caves in the Sangkulirang area of Kalimantan; preliminary dating analysis as of 2005 put their age in the range of 10,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2014 study based on <a href="/wiki/Uranium%E2%80%93thorium_dating" title="Uranium–thorium dating">uranium–thorium dating</a> dated a Maros hand stencil to a minimum age of 39,900 years. A painting of a <a href="/wiki/Babirusa" title="Babirusa">babirusa</a> was dated to at least 35.4 ka, placing it among the oldest known figurative depictions worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Aubert2014_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aubert2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, scientists reported the discovery of the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Figurative_art" title="Figurative art">figurative art painting</a>, over 40,000 (perhaps as old as 52,000) years old, of an unknown animal, in the cave of <a href="/wiki/Lubang_Jeriji_Sal%C3%A9h" title="Lubang Jeriji Saléh">Lubang Jeriji Saléh</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20181107-cz_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20181107-cz-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAT-20181107_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAT-20181107-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>And more recently, in 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of cave art at least 45,500 years old in Leang Tedongnge cave, Indonesia. According to the journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_Advances" title="Science Advances">Science Advances</a></i>, the cave painting of a warty pig is the earliest evidence of human settlement of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been reported that it is rapidly deteriorating as a result of climate change in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originating in the Paleolithic period, <a href="/wiki/Khoit_Tsenkher_Cave_Rock_Art" title="Khoit Tsenkher Cave Rock Art">the rock art found in Khoit Tsenkher Cave</a>, Mongolia, includes symbols and animal forms painted from the walls up to the ceiling.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stags, buffalo, oxen, ibex, lions, Argali sheep, antelopes, camels, elephants, ostriches, and other animal pictorials are present, often forming a palimpsest of overlapping images. The paintings appear brown or red in color, and are stylistically similar to other Paleolithic rock art from around the world but are unlike any other examples in Mongolia. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Padah-Lin_Caves" title="Padah-Lin Caves">Padah-Lin Caves</a> of <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> contain 11,000-year-old paintings and many rock tools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cave_paintings_in_India" title="Cave paintings in India">Cave paintings in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg/220px-Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg/330px-Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg/440px-Bhimbetka_rock_paintng1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_shelters" title="Bhimbetka rock shelters">Bhimbetka</a> rock painting</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ambadevi_rock_shelters" title="Ambadevi rock shelters">Ambadevi rock shelters</a> have the oldest cave paintings in India, dating back to 25,000 years. The <a href="/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_shelters" title="Bhimbetka rock shelters">Bhimbetka rock shelters</a> are dated to about 8,000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar paintings are found in other parts of India as well. In Tamil Nadu, ancient Paleolithic Cave paintings are found in Kombaikadu, Kilvalai, Settavarai and Nehanurpatti. In Odisha they are found in Yogimatha and Gudahandi. In Karnataka, these paintings are found in Hiregudda near Badami. The most recent painting, consisting of geometric figures, date to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval period</a>. Executed mainly in red and white with the occasional use of green and yellow, the paintings depict the lives and times of the people who lived in the caves, including scenes of childbirth, communal dancing and drinking, religious rites and burials, as well as indigenous animals.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Africa">Southern Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Southern Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cave paintings found at the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_Cave" title="Apollo 11 Cave">Apollo 11 Cave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> are estimated to date from approximately 25,500–27,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, archaeologists found a small rock fragment at <a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a>, about 300 km (190 mi) east of <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> on the southern cape coastline in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, among spear points and other excavated material. After extensive testing for seven years, it was revealed that the lines drawn on the rock were handmade and from an ochre crayon dating back 73,000 years. This makes it the oldest known rock painting.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20180912_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20180912-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(1)Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%281%29Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg/220px-%281%29Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%281%29Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg/330px-%281%29Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%281%29Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg/440px-%281%29Jabiru_dreaming-7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6191" data-file-height="4064" /></a><figcaption>Painting at Jabiru Dreaming, Kakadu National Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Significant early cave paintings, executed in <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a>, have been found in <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kakadu_National_Park" title="Kakadu National Park">Kakadu</a>, Australia. Ochre is not an <a href="/wiki/Organic_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic material">organic material</a>, so <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dating">carbon dating</a> of these pictures is often impossible. The oldest so far dated at 17,300 years is an ochre painting of a <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a> region, which was dated by carbon dating wasp nest material underlying and overlying the painting.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes the approximate date, or at least, an <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(reference_date)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (reference date)">epoch</a>, can be surmised from the painting content, contextual artifacts, or organic material intentionally or inadvertently mixed with the inorganic ochre paint, including torch soot.<sup id="cite_ref-valladas_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valladas-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A red <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a> painting, discovered at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnhem Land Plateau">Arnhem Land Plateau</a>, depicts two <a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">emu</a>-like birds with their necks outstretched. They have been identified by a palaeontologist as depicting the <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a> species <i><a href="/wiki/Genyornis" title="Genyornis">Genyornis</a></i>, giant birds thought to have become extinct more than 40,000 years ago; however, this evidence is inconclusive for dating. It may suggest that Genyornis became extinct at a later date than previously determined.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_megafauna_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc_megafauna-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hook_Island" title="Hook Island">Hook Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Whitsunday_Islands_National_Park" title="Whitsunday Islands National Park">Whitsunday Islands</a> is also home to a number of cave paintings created by the seafaring <a href="/wiki/Ngaro_people" title="Ngaro people">Ngaro people</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Holocene_cave_art">Holocene cave art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Holocene cave art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dera_rock_art.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Dera_rock_art.jpg/220px-Dera_rock_art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Dera_rock_art.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Dera Rock Art in, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tabon_Caves" title="Tabon Caves">Tabon Caves</a> the oldest artwork may be a relief of a shark above the cave entrance. It was partially disfigured by a later jar burial scene.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Edakkal_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Edakkal Caves">Edakkal Caves</a> of Kerala, India, contain drawings that range over periods from the Neolithic as early as 5,000 BC to 1,000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horn_of_Africa">Horn of Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Horn of Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kohaito,_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kohaito%2C_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG/220px-Kohaito%2C_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kohaito%2C_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG/330px-Kohaito%2C_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kohaito%2C_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG/440px-Kohaito%2C_grotta_di_adi_alauti_con_pitture_rupestri_databili_al_2500_ac_ca._36_dromedari.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Rock art in the Adi Alauti cave, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laas_Geel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laas_Geel.jpg/220px-Laas_Geel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laas_Geel.jpg/330px-Laas_Geel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laas_Geel.jpg/440px-Laas_Geel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Cave paintings at the <a href="/wiki/Laas_Geel" title="Laas Geel">Laas Geel</a> complex in northern <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> near Qohaito appears to indicate habitation in the area since the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_millennium_BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth millennium BC">fifth millennium BC</a>, while the town is known to have survived to the sixth century AD. Mount <a href="/wiki/Emba_Soira" title="Emba Soira">Emba Soira</a>, Eritrea's highest mountain, lies near the site, as does a small successor village. Much of the rock art sites are found together with evidence of prehistoric stone tools, suggesting that the art could predate the widely presumed pastoralist and domestication events that occurred 5,000– 4,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2002, a French archaeological team discovered the <a href="/wiki/Laas_Geel" title="Laas Geel">Laas Geel</a> cave paintings on the outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>. Dating back around 5,000 years, the paintings depict both wild animals and decorated cows. They also feature herders, who are believed to be the creators of the rock art.<sup id="cite_ref-Bakano_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bakano-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Somali archaeologists announced the discovery of other cave paintings in <a href="/wiki/Dhambalin" title="Dhambalin">Dhambalin</a> region, which the researchers suggest includes one of the earliest known depictions of a hunter on horseback. The rock art is dated to 1000 to 3000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Tdodras_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tdodras-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guafcpaonas_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guafcpaonas-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, between the towns of <a href="/wiki/Las_Khorey" title="Las Khorey">Las Khorey</a> and <a href="/wiki/El_Ayo" title="El Ayo">El Ayo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karinhegane" title="Karinhegane">Karinhegane</a> is a site of numerous cave paintings of real and mythical animals. Each painting has an inscription below it, which collectively have been estimated to be around 2,500 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-Mheah_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mheah-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Astgi_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astgi-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karihegane's rock art is in the same distinctive style as the Laas Geel and Dhambalin cave paintings.<sup id="cite_ref-Iodn_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Iodn-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crasos_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crasos-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 25 miles from Las Khorey is found <a href="/wiki/Gelweita" title="Gelweita">Gelweita</a>, another key rock art site.<sup id="cite_ref-Astgi_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astgi-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a>, rock art of what appear to be antelopes and a giraffe are also found at <a href="/wiki/Dorra" title="Dorra">Dorra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balho" title="Balho">Balho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amvjaa_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amvjaa-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Africa">North Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: North Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg/220px-Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg/330px-Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg/440px-Tassili_-_catapulte%3F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption>Cave painting at the <a href="/wiki/Tassili_n%27Ajjer" title="Tassili n'Ajjer">Tassili n'Ajjer</a> UNESCO World Heritage Site in southeast <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many cave paintings are found in the <a href="/wiki/Tassili_n%27Ajjer" title="Tassili n'Ajjer">Tassili n'Ajjer</a> mountains in southeast <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. A <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>, the rock art was first discovered in 1933 and has since yielded 15,000 engravings and drawings that keep a record of the various animal migrations, climatic shifts, and change in human inhabitation patterns in this part of the Sahara from 6000 BC to the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity#Roman_Empire" title="Classical antiquity">late classical period</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tassili_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tassili-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other cave paintings are also found at the <a href="/wiki/Akakus" class="mw-redirect" title="Akakus">Akakus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesak_Settafet" title="Mesak Settafet">Mesak Settafet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tadrart_Acacus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadrart Acacus">Tadrart</a> in <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> and other Sahara regions including: Ayr mountains, Niger and Tibesti, Chad. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Swimmers" title="Cave of Swimmers">Cave of Swimmers</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Beasts" title="Cave of Beasts">Cave of Beasts</a> in southwest <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, near the border with Libya, in the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Gilf_Kebir" title="Gilf Kebir">Gilf Kebir</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Sahara_Desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara Desert">Sahara Desert</a>. The Cave of Swimmers was discovered in October 1933 by the <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungarian</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Alm%C3%A1sy" title="László Almásy">László Almásy</a>. The site contains <a href="/wiki/Rock_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock painting">rock painting</a> images of people swimming, which are estimated to have been created 10,000 years ago during the time of the most recent Ice Age. </p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Solutional_cave" title="Solutional cave">limestone cave</a> decorated with scenes of animals such as <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkeys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mule" title="Mule">mule</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">mountain goats</a> was uncovered in the area of Wadi Al-Zulma by the archaeological mission from the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry. Rock art cave is 15 meters deep and 20 meters high.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Africa_2">Southern Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Southern Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Southafrica468bushman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Southafrica468bushman.jpg/220px-Southafrica468bushman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Southafrica468bushman.jpg/330px-Southafrica468bushman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Southafrica468bushman.jpg/440px-Southafrica468bushman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="1935" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_rock_art" title="San rock art">San rock paintings</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Western_Cape" title="Western Cape">Western Cape</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>At <a href="/wiki/UKhahlamba_/_Drakensberg_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="UKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park">uKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, now thought to be some 3,000 years old, the paintings by the <a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San people</a> who settled in the area some 8,000 years ago depict animals and humans, and are thought to represent religious beliefs. Human figures are much more common in the rock art of Africa than in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg/220px-2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg/330px-2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg/440px-2009_07_09_camino_cielo_paradise_137.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Painted Cave, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara County, California</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Mural_Rock_Art" title="Great Mural Rock Art">Great Mural Rock Art</a></div> <p>Distinctive <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polychrome" title="Polychrome">polychrome</a> cave paintings and <a href="/wiki/Mural" title="Mural">murals</a> exist in the mid-peninsula regions of southern <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Baja_California_Sur" title="Baja California Sur">Baja California Sur</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian</a> paintings of humans, land animals, sea creatures, and abstract designs. These paintings are mostly confined to the sierras of this region, but can also be found in outlying mesas and rock shelters. According to recent <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon</a> studies of the area, of materials recovered from archaeological deposits in the rock shelters and on materials in the paintings themselves, suggest that the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mural_Rock_Art" title="Great Mural Rock Art">Great Murals</a> may have a time range extending as far back as 7,500 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><b>California</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Chumash_people" title="Rock art of the Chumash people">Rock art of the Chumash people</a></div> <p>Native artists in the <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a> tribes created <a href="/wiki/Rock_art_of_the_Chumash_people" title="Rock art of the Chumash people">cave paintings</a> that are located in present-day <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo Counties</a> in Southern <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. They include examples at <a href="/wiki/Burro_Flats_Painted_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Burro Flats Painted Cave">Burro Flats Painted Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chumash_Painted_Cave_State_Historic_Park,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park, California">Chumash Painted Cave State Historic Park</a>. </p><p>There are also <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> <a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">pictogram</a> examples in caves of the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a>. Cave art that is 6,000 years old was found in the <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Plateau" title="Cumberland Plateau">Cumberland Plateau</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> tribes have contributed to the makings of Californian cave art, whether it be in Northern or Baja California. The <a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a> people of Southern and <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> made paintings in Swordfish Cave. It was given its name after the <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a> that are painted on its walls and is a sacred site for religious and cultural practices of the Chumash tribe. It was under attack of demolition, which prompted the start of its conservation with cooperation between the <a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Air Force Base</a> and the Tribal Elders Council of the Santa Ynez Band of Chumash. These two parties were able to stabilize and conserve the cave and its art. When previously studied, there were many conclusions about how the paintings were made but not a lot of conclusions about the symbolic value of the rock art and what its meaning to the Chumash tribe. The excavation of the inside of the cave became a viewing area for archaeologists and <a href="/wiki/Anthropologist" title="Anthropologist">anthropologists</a>, specifically Clayton Lebow, Douglas Harrow, and Rebecca McKim, to find out the symbolic meaning of the art. Some of the tools that were used to make the pictographs were found in the site and were connected to the two early occupations that were in the area. This pushed back the general knowledge of understood antiquity of <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">rock art</a> on <a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">California's Central Coast</a> by more than 2,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_and_Baja_California">Northern and Baja California</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Northern and Baja California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Institution of Anthropology and History (INAH) established in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> recorded over 1,500 rock art related <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> monuments in <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>. A little under 300 of the sites were connected to Native American Tribes. Throughout these 300 sites, 65% have paintings, 24% have petroglyphs, 10% have both paintings and <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyphs</a>, and 1% have geoglyphs. Five of these sites located in Baja California show hand designs or paintings, and they all spread out in that area. These sites include Milagro de Guadalupe (23 imprints), Corral de Queno (6 imprints), Rancho Viejo (1 drawing), Piedras Gordas (5 imprints), and finally Valle Seco (3 imprints).<sup id="cite_ref-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_America">South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg/220px-Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg/330px-Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg/440px-Serra_da_Capivara_-_Several_Paintings_2b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2295" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Cave painting at Serra da Capivara National Park, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Capivara_National_Park" title="Serra da Capivara National Park">Serra da Capivara National Park</a> is a <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in the north east of Brazil with many prehistoric paintings; the park was created to protect the prehistoric artifacts and paintings found there. It became a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in 1991. Its best known archaeological site is <a href="/wiki/Pedra_Furada_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedra Furada Site">Pedra Furada</a>. </p><p>It is located in northeast state of <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, between latitudes 8° 26' 50" and 8° 54' 23" south and longitudes 42° 19' 47" and 42° 45' 51" west. It falls within the municipal areas of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Raimundo_Nonato" title="São Raimundo Nonato">São Raimundo Nonato</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_do_Piau%C3%AD" title="São João do Piauí">São João do Piauí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronel_Jos%C3%A9_Dias" title="Coronel José Dias">Coronel José Dias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canto_do_Buriti" title="Canto do Buriti">Canto do Buriti</a>. It has an area of 1291.4 square kilometres (319,000 acres). The area has the largest concentration of prehistoric small farms on the American continents. Scientific studies confirm that the Capivara mountain range was densely populated in prehistoric periods. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_las_Manos" title="Cueva de las Manos">Cueva de las Manos</a> (Spanish for "Cave of the Hands") is a cave located in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Province,_Argentina" title="Santa Cruz Province, Argentina">Santa Cruz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, 163 km (101 mi) south of the town of <a href="/wiki/Perito_Moreno,_Santa_Cruz" title="Perito Moreno, Santa Cruz">Perito Moreno</a>, within the borders of the <a href="/wiki/Francisco_P._Moreno_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Francisco P. Moreno National Park">Francisco P. Moreno National Park</a>, which includes many sites of <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontological</a> importance. </p><p>The hand images are often negative (<a href="/wiki/Stencil" title="Stencil">stencilled</a>). Besides these there are also depictions of human beings, <a href="/wiki/Guanaco" title="Guanaco">guanacos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">rheas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felidae" title="Felidae">felines</a> and other animals, as well as <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometric</a> shapes, <a href="/wiki/Zigzag" title="Zigzag">zigzag</a> patterns, representations of the sun, and <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> scenes. Similar paintings, though in smaller numbers, can be found in nearby caves. There are also red dots on the ceilings, probably made by submerging their hunting <a href="/wiki/Bolas" title="Bolas">bolas</a> in ink, and then throwing them up. The colours of the paintings vary from red (made from <a href="/wiki/Hematite" title="Hematite">hematite</a>) to white, black or yellow. The negative hand impressions date to around 550 BC, the positive impressions from 180 BC, while the hunting drawings are calculated to more than 10,000 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-comte_indigarg_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comte_indigarg-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the hands are "left hands" (that is, with thumb on the right, even though this pattern can be obtained as easily with both right and left hands, depending on whether the back or front is used)<sup id="cite_ref-:9_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has been used as an argument to suggest that painters held the spraying pipe with their right hand.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:23_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockpainting_di_Misool,_Raja_Ampat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rockpainting_di_Misool%2C_Raja_Ampat.jpg/220px-Rockpainting_di_Misool%2C_Raja_Ampat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rockpainting_di_Misool%2C_Raja_Ampat.jpg/330px-Rockpainting_di_Misool%2C_Raja_Ampat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rockpainting_di_Misool%2C_Raja_Ampat.jpg/440px-Rockpainting_di_Misool%2C_Raja_Ampat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Rock painting in Misool, <a href="/wiki/Raja_Ampat" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Ampat">Raja Ampat</a>, Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <p>There are rock paintings in caves in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Burma. In <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, caves and scarps along the Thai-Burmese border, in the Petchabun Range of Central Thailand, and overlooking the Mekong River in Nakorn Sawan Province, all contain galleries of rock paintings. In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tambun_rock_art" title="Tambun rock art">Tambun rock art</a> is dated at 2000 years, and those in the Painted Cave at <a href="/wiki/Niah_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Niah Caves">Niah Caves</a> National Park are 1200 years old. The anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Hugh_Norman_Evans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivor Hugh Norman Evans">Ivor Hugh Norman Evans</a> visited Malaysia in the early 1920s and found that some of the tribes (especially Negritos) were still producing cave paintings and had added depictions of modern objects including what are believed to be automobiles.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">prehistoric Malaysia</a>.) </p><p>In Indonesia, rock paintings can be found in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flores" title="Flores">Flores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15,000_BC_in_art" title="15,000 BC in art">15,000 BC in art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The UNESCO dates the art to 13,000–9,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some hand prints have been found in Tibet and dated about 200,000 years-old.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>World Heritage Sites: a Complete Guide to 1007 UNESCO World Heritage Sites</i> (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO Publishing">UNESCO Publishing</a>. 2014. p. 607. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77085-640-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77085-640-0"><bdi>978-1-77085-640-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/910986576">910986576</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Sites%3A+a+Complete+Guide+to+1007+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Sites&rft.pages=607&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=UNESCO+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F910986576&rft.isbn=978-1-77085-640-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre" class="citation web cs1">UNESCO World Heritage Centre. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/936/">"Cueva de las Manos, Río Pinturas"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414171517/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/936">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Cueva+de+las+Manos%2C+R%C3%ADo+Pinturas&rft.au=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F936%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/865298990"><i>Art & Place: Site-Specific Art of the Americas</i></a>. Editorial Director: Amanda Renshaw; Text & Expertise provided by Daniel Arsenault et al. <a href="/wiki/Phaidon_Press" title="Phaidon Press">Phaidon Press</a>. 2013. pp. 354–355. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-6551-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7148-6551-5"><bdi>978-0-7148-6551-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/865298990">865298990</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029010905/https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/servlet/org.oclc.lac.ui.ajax.ServiceServlet?serviceCommand=getAllItemReviews&source=goodReads&maxrecords=3&startrecord=1&isbn=9780714865515%25200714865516&oclcNum=865298990">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+%26+Place%3A+Site-Specific+Art+of+the+Americas.&rft.pages=354-355&rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F865298990&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-6551-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F865298990&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPodestáRaffinoPauneroRolandi2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Podestá, María Mercedes; Raffino, Rodolfo A.; Paunero, Rafael Sebastián; Rolandi, Diana S. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NuG-pvgnd6IC&dq=%22Cueva+de+las+Manos%22+left+hand&pg=PA11"><i>El arte rupestre de Argentina indígena: Patagonia</i></a> (in Spanish). Grupo Abierto Communicaciones. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-987-1121-16-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-987-1121-16-8"><bdi>978-987-1121-16-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029010950/https://www.google.co.uk/gen_204?s=web&t=aft&atyp=csi&ei=10l7Ye-DE4K60PEP6uey8A8&rt=wsrt.491,aft.4960,prt.2585&imn=26&ima=10&imad=9&aftp=18869&bl=TGeo">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+arte+rupestre+de+Argentina+ind%C3%ADgena%3A+Patagonia&rft.pub=Grupo+Abierto+Communicaciones&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-987-1121-16-8&rft.aulast=Podest%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Mercedes&rft.au=Raffino%2C+Rodolfo+A.&rft.au=Paunero%2C+Rafael+Sebasti%C3%A1n&rft.au=Rolandi%2C+Diana+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNuG-pvgnd6IC%26dq%3D%2522Cueva%2Bde%2Blas%2BManos%2522%2Bleft%2Bhand%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aubert2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aubert2014_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aubert2014_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aubert2014_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Aubert et al., "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia", <i>Nature</i> vol. 514, pp. 223–227 (9 October 2014). "using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world. In addition, a painting of a <a href="/wiki/Babirusa" title="Babirusa">babirusa ('pig-deer')</a> made at least 35.4 kyr ago is among the earliest dated figurative depictions worldwide, if not the earliest one. Among the implications, it can now be demonstrated that humans were producing rock art by ~40 kyr ago at opposite ends of the Pleistocene Eurasian world."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBob_McDonald2021" class="citation web cs1">Bob McDonald (September 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/radio/quirks/200-000-year-old-handprints-may-be-the-world-s-oldest-artwork-scientists-say-1.6188120">"200,000-year-old handprints may be the world's oldest artwork, scientists say"</a>. <i>cbc.ca</i>. CBC Radio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbc.ca&rft.atitle=200%2C000-year-old+handprints+may+be+the+world%27s+oldest+artwork%2C+scientists+say&rft.date=2021-09-24&rft.au=Bob+McDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fradio%2Fquirks%2F200-000-year-old-handprints-may-be-the-world-s-oldest-artwork-scientists-say-1.6188120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrummOktavianaBurhanHakim2021" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Brumm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Brumm (page does not exist)">Brumm, Adam</a>; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Burhan, Basran; Hakim, Budianto; Lebe, Rustan; Zhao, Jian-xin; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Ririmasse, Marlon; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Sumantri, Iwan; Aubert, Maxime (2021-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7806210">"Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>7</b> (3): eabd4648. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SciA....7.4648B">2021SciA....7.4648B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abd4648">10.1126/sciadv.abd4648</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7806210">7806210</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33523879">33523879</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Oldest+cave+art+found+in+Sulawesi&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=eabd4648&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7806210%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021SciA....7.4648B&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33523879&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abd4648&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft.aulast=Brumm&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Oktaviana%2C+Adhi+Agus&rft.au=Burhan%2C+Basran&rft.au=Hakim%2C+Budianto&rft.au=Lebe%2C+Rustan&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Jian-xin&rft.au=Sulistyarto%2C+Priyatno+Hadi&rft.au=Ririmasse%2C+Marlon&rft.au=Adhityatama%2C+Shinatria&rft.au=Sumantri%2C+Iwan&rft.au=Aubert%2C+Maxime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7806210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20210113-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20210113_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreira2021" class="citation news cs1">Ferreira, Becky (January 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/science/cave-painting-indonesia.html">"Pig Painting May Be World's Oldest Cave Art Yet, Archaeologists Say – The depiction of the animal on an Indonesian island is at least 45,500 years old, the researchers say"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pig+Painting+May+Be+World%27s+Oldest+Cave+Art+Yet%2C+Archaeologists+Say+%E2%80%93+The+depiction+of+the+animal+on+an+Indonesian+island+is+at+least+45%2C500+years+old%2C+the+researchers+say.&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Becky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F13%2Fscience%2Fcave-painting-indonesia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffmann2018-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann2018_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann2018_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD._L._HoffmannC.D._StandishM._García-DiezP.B._Pettitt2018" class="citation journal cs1">D. L. Hoffmann; C.D. Standish; M. García-Diez; P.B. Pettitt; J. A. Milton; J. Zilhão; J.J. Alcolea-González; P. Cantalejo-Duarte; H. Collado; R. de Balbín; M. Lorblanchet; J. Ramos-Muñoz; G.-Ch. Weniger; A.W.G. Pike (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aap7778">"U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>359</b> (6378): 912–915. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...359..912H">2018Sci...359..912H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aap7778">10.1126/science.aap7778</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10498%2F21578">10498/21578</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29472483">29472483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=U-Th+dating+of+carbonate+crusts+reveals+Neandertal+origin+of+Iberian+cave+art&rft.volume=359&rft.issue=6378&rft.pages=912-915&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10498%2F21578&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29472483&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aap7778&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Sci...359..912H&rft.au=D.+L.+Hoffmann&rft.au=C.D.+Standish&rft.au=M.+Garc%C3%ADa-Diez&rft.au=P.B.+Pettitt&rft.au=J.+A.+Milton&rft.au=J.+Zilh%C3%A3o&rft.au=J.J.+Alcolea-Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.au=P.+Cantalejo-Duarte&rft.au=H.+Collado&rft.au=R.+de+Balb%C3%ADn&rft.au=M.+Lorblanchet&rft.au=J.+Ramos-Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.au=G.-Ch.+Weniger&rft.au=A.W.G.+Pike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1126%252Fscience.aap7778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span> "we present dating results for three sites in Spain that show that cave art emerged in Iberia substantially earlier than previously thought. Uranium-thorium (U-Th) dates on carbonate crusts overlying paintings provide minimum ages for a red linear motif in La Pasiega (Cantabria), a hand stencil in <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Maltravieso" title="Cave of Maltravieso">Maltravieso (Extremadura)</a>, and red-painted speleothems in Ardales (Andalucía). Collectively, these results show that cave art in Iberia is older than 64.8 thousand years (ka). This cave art is the earliest dated so far and predates, by at least 20 ka, the arrival of modern humans in Europe, which implies Neandertal authorship."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20181107-cz-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20181107-cz_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20181107-cz_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20181107-cz_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZimmer2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Zimmer" title="Carl Zimmer">Zimmer, Carl</a> (7 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/07/science/oldest-cave-art-borneo.html">"In Cave in Borneo Jungle, Scientists Find Oldest Figurative Painting in the World – A cave drawing in Borneo is at least 40,000 years old, raising intriguing questions about creativity in ancient societies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Cave+in+Borneo+Jungle%2C+Scientists+Find+Oldest+Figurative+Painting+in+the+World+%E2%80%93+A+cave+drawing+in+Borneo+is+at+least+40%2C000+years+old%2C+raising+intriguing+questions+about+creativity+in+ancient+societies.&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F07%2Fscience%2Foldest-cave-art-borneo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAT-20181107-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAT-20181107_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAT-20181107_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAT-20181107_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubert,_M.2018" class="citation journal cs1">Aubert, M.; et al. (7 November 2018). "Palaeolithic cave art in Borneo". <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>. <b>564</b> (7735): 254–257. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Natur.564..254A">2018Natur.564..254A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0679-9">10.1038/s41586-018-0679-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30405242">30405242</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53208538">53208538</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Palaeolithic+cave+art+in+Borneo&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=7735&rft.pages=254-257&rft.date=2018-11-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-018-0679-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53208538%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30405242&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Natur.564..254A&rft.au=Aubert%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubert2019" class="citation journal cs1">Aubert, M.; et al. (11 December 2019). "Earliest hunting scene in prehistoric art". <i>Nature</i>. <b>576</b> (7787): 442–445. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.576..442A">2019Natur.576..442A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1806-y">10.1038/s41586-019-1806-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31827284">31827284</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209311825">209311825</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Earliest+hunting+scene+in+prehistoric+art.&rft.volume=576&rft.issue=7787&rft.pages=442-445&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1806-y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209311825%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31827284&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Natur.576..442A&rft.aulast=Aubert&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20191211-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191211_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20191211_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerreira2019" class="citation news cs1">Ferreira, Becky (11 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/11/science/cave-art-indonesia.html">"Mythical Beings May Be Earliest Imaginative Cave Art by Humans – The paintings on an Indonesian island are at least 43,900 years old and depict humanoid figures with animal-like features in a hunting scene"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mythical+Beings+May+Be+Earliest+Imaginative+Cave+Art+by+Humans+%E2%80%93+The+paintings+on+an+Indonesian+island+are+at+least+43%2C900+years+old+and+depict+humanoid+figures+with+animal-like+features+in+a+hunting+scene.&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Becky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F12%2F11%2Fscience%2Fcave-art-indonesia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOktavianaJoannes-BoyauHakimBurhan2024" class="citation journal cs1">Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Joannes-Boyau, Renaud; Hakim, Budianto; Burhan, Basran; Sardi, Ratno; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Hamrullah; Sumantri, Iwan; Tang, M.; Lebe, Rustan; Ilyas, Imran; Abbas, Abdullah; Jusdi, Andi; Mahardian, Dewangga Eka; Noerwidi, Sofwan (2024-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269172">"Narrative cave art in Indonesia by 51,200 years ago"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>631</b> (8022): 814–818. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024Natur.631..814O">2024Natur.631..814O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07541-7">10.1038/s41586-024-07541-7</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11269172">11269172</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38961284">38961284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Narrative+cave+art+in+Indonesia+by+51%2C200+years+ago&rft.volume=631&rft.issue=8022&rft.pages=814-818&rft.date=2024-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11269172%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2024Natur.631..814O&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38961284&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-024-07541-7&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.aulast=Oktaviana&rft.aufirst=Adhi+Agus&rft.au=Joannes-Boyau%2C+Renaud&rft.au=Hakim%2C+Budianto&rft.au=Burhan%2C+Basran&rft.au=Sardi%2C+Ratno&rft.au=Adhityatama%2C+Shinatria&rft.au=Hamrullah&rft.au=Sumantri%2C+Iwan&rft.au=Tang%2C+M.&rft.au=Lebe%2C+Rustan&rft.au=Ilyas%2C+Imran&rft.au=Abbas%2C+Abdullah&rft.au=Jusdi%2C+Andi&rft.au=Mahardian%2C+Dewangga+Eka&rft.au=Noerwidi%2C+Sofwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11269172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2024" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Garreth (2024-07-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2024/07/04/oldest-example-of-figurative-art-found-in-indonesian-cave">"Oldest example of figurative art found in Indonesian cave"</a>. <i>The Art Newspaper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Art+Newspaper&rft.atitle=Oldest+example+of+figurative+art+found+in+Indonesian+cave&rft.date=2024-07-04&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Garreth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theartnewspaper.com%2F2024%2F07%2F04%2Foldest-example-of-figurative-art-found-in-indonesian-cave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-welsh-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-welsh_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelshWelsh,_Peter2000" class="citation book cs1">Welsh, Liz; Welsh, Peter (2000). <i>Rock-art of the Southwest: a Visitor's Companion</i> (1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: Wilderness Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89997-258-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-89997-258-6"><bdi>0-89997-258-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock-art+of+the+Southwest%3A+a+Visitor%27s+Companion&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&rft.pages=62&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Wilderness+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-89997-258-6&rft.aulast=Welsh&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft.au=Welsh%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-valladas-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-valladas_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-valladas_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValladas2003" class="citation journal cs1">Valladas, Helene (1 September 2003). "Direct radiocarbon dating of prehistoric cave paintings by accelerator mass spectrometry". <i>Measurement Science and Technology</i>. <b>14</b> (9): 1487–1492. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0957-0233%2F14%2F9%2F301">10.1088/0957-0233/14/9/301</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:250809121">250809121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Measurement+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Direct+radiocarbon+dating+of+prehistoric+cave+paintings+by+accelerator+mass+spectrometry&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1487-1492&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0957-0233%2F14%2F9%2F301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A250809121%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Valladas&rft.aufirst=Helene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoffmann2016-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann2016_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoffmann2016_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmannPikeGarcía-DiezPettitt2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hoffmann, D.L.; Pike, A.W.; García-Diez, M.; Pettitt, P.B.; Zilhão, J. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/402243/1/Hoffmann%2520et%2520al_accepted.docx">"Methods for U-series dating of CaCO3 crusts associated with Palaeolithic cave art and application to Iberian sites"</a>. <i>Quaternary Geochronology</i>. <b>36</b>: 104–119. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quageo.2016.07.004">10.1016/j.quageo.2016.07.004</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+Geochronology&rft.atitle=Methods+for+U-series+dating+of+CaCO3+crusts+associated+with+Palaeolithic+cave+art+and+application+to+Iberian+sites&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=104-119&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.quageo.2016.07.004&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=D.L.&rft.au=Pike%2C+A.W.&rft.au=Garc%C3%ADa-Diez%2C+M.&rft.au=Pettitt%2C+P.B.&rft.au=Zilh%C3%A3o%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soton.ac.uk%2F402243%2F1%2FHoffmann%252520et%252520al_accepted.docx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aubert, M. et al <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0679-9">"Palaeolithic Cave art in Borneo"</a>, <i>Nature</i> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClottes2002" class="citation web cs1">Clottes, Jean (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/chav/hd_chav.htm">"Chauvet Cave (ca. 30,000 B.C.)"</a>. <i>Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History</i>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History&rft.atitle=Chauvet+Cave+%28ca.+30%2C000+B.C.%29&rft.date=2002-10&rft.aulast=Clottes&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fchav%2Fhd_chav.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettitt2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pettitt, Paul (1 November 2008). "Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an early Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art". <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i>. <b>55</b> (5): 908–917. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JHumE..55..908P">2008JHumE..55..908P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2008.04.003">10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18678392">18678392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Evolution&rft.atitle=Art+and+the+Middle-to-Upper+Paleolithic+transition+in+Europe%3A+Comments+on+the+archaeological+arguments+for+an+early+Upper+Paleolithic+antiquity+of+the+Grotte+Chauvet+art&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=908-917&rft.date=2008-11-01&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18678392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2008.04.003&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008JHumE..55..908P&rft.aulast=Pettitt&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorich2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zorich, Zach (March–April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.archaeology.org/1103/features/werner_herzog_chauvet_cave_primer.html">"A Chauvet Primer"</a>. <i>Archaeology</i>. <b>64</b> (2): 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+Chauvet+Primer&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=39&rft.date=2011-03%2F2011-04&rft.aulast=Zorich&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.archaeology.org%2F1103%2Ffeatures%2Fwerner_herzog_chauvet_cave_primer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coliboaia_Ghemis-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coliboaia_Ghemis_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhemisClottes,_J.Gely,_B.Prudhomme,_F.2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ghemis, Calin; Clottes, J.; Gely, B.; Prudhomme, F. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1488865">"An Exceptional Archaeological Discovery – the 'Art Gallery' in Coliboaia Cave"</a>. <i>Acta Archaeologica Carpathica</i>. <b>XLVI</b>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-5229">0001-5229</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Archaeologica+Carpathica&rft.atitle=An+Exceptional+Archaeological+Discovery+%E2%80%93+the+%27Art+Gallery%27+in+Coliboaia+Cave&rft.volume=XLVI&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0001-5229&rft.aulast=Ghemis&rft.aufirst=Calin&rft.au=Clottes%2C+J.&rft.au=Gely%2C+B.&rft.au=Prudhomme%2C+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1488865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coliboaia_Zorich-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Coliboaia_Zorich_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZorich2012" class="citation journal cs1">Zorich, Zach (January–February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.archaeology.org/1201/trenches/coliboaia_cave_romania_charcoal_drawings.html">"From the Trenches – Drawing Paleolithic Romania"</a>. <i>Archaeology</i>. <b>65</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology&rft.atitle=From+the+Trenches+%E2%80%93+Drawing+Paleolithic+Romania&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2012-01%2F2012-02&rft.aulast=Zorich&rft.aufirst=Zach&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.archaeology.org%2F1201%2Ftrenches%2Fcoliboaia_cave_romania_charcoal_drawings.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc_megafauna-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-abc_megafauna_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-abc_megafauna_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMasters2010" class="citation web cs1">Masters, Emma (May 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-05-31/megafauna-cave-painting-could-be-40000-years-old/847564">"Megafauna cave painting could be 40,000 years old"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Megafauna+cave+painting+could+be+40%2C000+years+old&rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Commission+%28ABC%29&rft.date=2010-05-31&rft.aulast=Masters&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2010-05-31%2Fmegafauna-cave-painting-could-be-40000-years-old%2F847564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSM_rockart-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSM_rockart_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGuirk2012" class="citation news cs1">McGuirk, Rod (June 18, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2012/0618/Australian-rock-art-among-world-s-oldest">"Australian rock art among the world's oldest"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. AP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Australian+rock+art+among+the+world%27s+oldest&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft.aulast=McGuirk&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FScience%2F2012%2F0618%2FAustralian-rock-art-among-world-s-oldest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph_20000-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_20000_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2008" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Richard (5 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615073824/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/3352850/Prehistoric-cave-paintings-took-up-to-20000-years-to-complete.html">"Prehistoric cave paintings took up to 20,000 years to complete"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/3352850/Prehistoric-cave-paintings-took-up-to-20000-years-to-complete.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+cave+paintings+took+up+to+20%2C000+years+to+complete&rft.date=2008-10-05&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fearth%2F3352850%2FPrehistoric-cave-paintings-took-up-to-20000-years-to-complete.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenfrew" class="citation book cs1">Renfrew, Colin. <i>Archaeology Theories, Methods and Practice</i> (7th ed.). Thames and Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+Theories%2C+Methods+and+Practice&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.aulast=Renfrew&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Hara, K. (2014). <i>Cave Art and Climate Change</i>, Archway Publishing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurman,_Judith2008" class="citation web cs1">Thurman, Judith (23 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/06/23/first-impressions">"First Impressions: What does the world's oldest art say about us?"</a>. <i>The New Yorker Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker+Magazine&rft.atitle=First+Impressions%3A+What+does+the+world%27s+oldest+art+say+about+us%3F&rft.date=2008-06-23&rft.au=Thurman%2C+Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2008%2F06%2F23%2Ffirst-impressions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herzog, Werner. (2010). "Cave of Forgotten Dreams". 43:25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoundation" class="citation web cs1">Foundation, Bradshaw. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/hands/">"Hand Paintings and Symbols in Rock Art"</a>. <i>bradshawfoundation.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bradshawfoundation.com&rft.atitle=Hand+Paintings+and+Symbols+in+Rock+Art&rft.aulast=Foundation&rft.aufirst=Bradshaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bradshawfoundation.com%2Fhands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fonseca-Ibarra_1–25_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFonseca-Ibarra2018" class="citation journal cs1">Fonseca-Ibarra, Enah (2018-01-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1947461X.2018.1444362">"Hand Designs in Rock Art from Northern Baja California, Mexico"</a>. <i>California Archaeology</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 1–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1947461X.2018.1444362">10.1080/1947461X.2018.1444362</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1947-461X">1947-461X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Hand+Designs+in+Rock+Art+from+Northern+Baja+California%2C+Mexico&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1947461X.2018.1444362&rft.issn=1947-461X&rft.aulast=Fonseca-Ibarra&rft.aufirst=Enah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F1947461X.2018.1444362&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bradshawfoundation.com/news/rock_art.php?id=Hunting-magic-in-rock-art">"Hunting magic in rock art"</a>. <i>Bradshaw Foundation</i>. 9 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bradshaw+Foundation&rft.atitle=Hunting+magic+in+rock+art&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbradshawfoundation.com%2Fnews%2Frock_art.php%3Fid%3DHunting-magic-in-rock-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBronowski1990" class="citation book cs1">Bronowski, Jacob (1990) [1973]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ascentofman0000bron_y1z2"><i>The Ascent of Man</i></a>. London: BBC Books. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20900-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20900-3"><bdi>978-0-563-20900-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ascent+of+Man&rft.place=London&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=BBC+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-563-20900-3&rft.aulast=Bronowski&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fascentofman0000bron_y1z2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitley2009" class="citation book cs1">Whitley, David S. (2009). <i>Cave Paintings and the Human Spirit: The Origin of Creativity and Belief</i>. Prometheus. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-636-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59102-636-5"><bdi>978-1-59102-636-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cave+Paintings+and+the+Human+Spirit%3A+The+Origin+of+Creativity+and+Belief&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Prometheus&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59102-636-5&rft.aulast=Whitley&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guthrie-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guthrie_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuthrie2005" class="citation book cs1">Guthrie, R. Dale (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/311260.html">"Preface: Reassembling the Bones"</a>. <i>The Nature of Paleolithic Art</i>. Chicago [u.a.]: Univ. of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31126-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-31126-5"><bdi>978-0-226-31126-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface%3A+Reassembling+the+Bones&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Paleolithic+Art&rft.place=Chicago+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Univ.+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-226-31126-5&rft.aulast=Guthrie&rft.aufirst=R.+Dale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.press.uchicago.edu%2FMisc%2FChicago%2F311260.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times_handprints-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-times_handprints_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2009" class="citation news cs1">Hammond, Norman (September 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/life/courtsocial/article1818692.ece">"Cave painters' giveaway handprints at Pech-Merle"</a>. <i>The Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Cave+painters%27+giveaway+handprints+at+Pech-Merle&rft.date=2009-09-11&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Ftto%2Flife%2Fcourtsocial%2Farticle1818692.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-64162799">"Londoner solves 20,000-year Ice Age drawings mystery"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2023-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Londoner+solves+20%2C000-year+Ice+Age+drawings+mystery&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-london-64162799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaconKhatiriPalmerFreeth2023" class="citation journal cs1">Bacon, Bennett; Khatiri, Azadeh; Palmer, James; Freeth, Tony; Pettitt, Paul; Kentridge, Robert (2023-01-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959774322000415">"An Upper Palaeolithic Proto-writing System and Phenological Calendar"</a>. <i>Cambridge Archaeological Journal</i>. <b>33</b> (3): 371–389. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959774322000415">10.1017/S0959774322000415</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-7743">0959-7743</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Archaeological+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Upper+Palaeolithic+Proto-writing+System+and+Phenological+Calendar&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=371-389&rft.date=2023-01-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0959774322000415&rft.issn=0959-7743&rft.aulast=Bacon&rft.aufirst=Bennett&rft.au=Khatiri%2C+Azadeh&rft.au=Palmer%2C+James&rft.au=Freeth%2C+Tony&rft.au=Pettitt%2C+Paul&rft.au=Kentridge%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0959774322000415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://u7a.ru/articles/society/11854">"Башкирия: новые исследования 'состарили' наскальные рисунки Каповой пещеры в два раза"</a>. <i>u7a.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=u7a.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%27%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%27+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fu7a.ru%2Farticles%2Fsociety%2F11854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Trois-Freres#ref=ref893311">"Trois Frères"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Trois+Fr%C3%A8res&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FTrois-Freres%23ref%3Dref893311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTugman2011" class="citation news cs1">Tugman, Lindsey (1 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063051/http://www.thv11.com/news/article/171246/288/Oldest-cave-drawings-found-in-Romanian-cave">"Oldest cave drawings found in Romanian cave"</a>. CBS News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thv11.com/news/article/171246/288/Oldest-cave-drawings-found-in-Romanian-cave">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oldest+cave+drawings+found+in+Romanian+cave&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.aulast=Tugman&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thv11.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F171246%2F288%2FOldest-cave-drawings-found-in-Romanian-cave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/hJnEQCMA5Sg">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151218194343/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJnEQCMA5Sg&gl=US&hl=en">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenevieve_von_Petzinger2015" class="citation web cs1">Genevieve von Petzinger (18 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJnEQCMA5Sg">"Why are these 32 symbols found in caves all over Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Why+are+these+32+symbols+found+in+caves+all+over+Europe&rft.date=2015-12-18&rft.au=Genevieve+von+Petzinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhJnEQCMA5Sg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAubert2014" class="citation journal cs1">Aubert, M.; et al. (2014). "Pleistocene cave art from Sulawesi, Indonesia". <i>Nature</i>. <b>514</b> (7521): 223–227. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.514..223A">2014Natur.514..223A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature13422">10.1038/nature13422</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25297435">25297435</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2725838">2725838</a>. <q>using uranium-series dating of coralloid speleothems directly associated with 12 human hand stencils and two figurative animal depictions from seven cave sites in the Maros karsts of Sulawesi, we show that rock art traditions on this Indonesian island are at least compatible in age with the oldest European art. The earliest dated image from Maros, with a minimum age of 39.9 kyr, is now the oldest known hand stencil in the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Pleistocene+cave+art+from+Sulawesi%2C+Indonesia&rft.volume=514&rft.issue=7521&rft.pages=223-227&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature13422&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2725838%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25297435&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Natur.514..223A&rft.aulast=Aubert&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChazine2005" class="citation journal cs1">Chazine, J-M. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/17232/AP-v44n1-219-230.pdf?sequence=1">"Rock Art, Burials, and Habitations: Caves in East Kalimantan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Asian Perspectives</i>. <b>44</b> (1): 219–230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fasi.2005.0006">10.1353/asi.2005.0006</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10125%2F17232">10125/17232</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53372873">53372873</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Rock+Art%2C+Burials%2C+and+Habitations%3A+Caves+in+East+Kalimantan&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=219-230&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10125%2F17232&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53372873%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fasi.2005.0006&rft.aulast=Chazine&rft.aufirst=J-M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10125%2F17232%2FAP-v44n1-219-230.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFage2005" class="citation journal cs1">Fage, Luc-Henri (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/features/world/asia/indonesia/cave-art-text">"Hands Across Time: Exploring the Rock Art of Borneo"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. <b>208</b> (2): 44–45<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Hands+Across+Time%3A+Exploring+the+Rock+Art+of+Borneo&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=44-45&rft.date=2005-08&rft.aulast=Fage&rft.aufirst=Luc-Henri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2Fprint%2Ffeatures%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Findonesia%2Fcave-art-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jan/13/worlds-oldest-known-cave-painting-found-in-indonesia">"World's 'oldest known cave painting' found in Indonesia"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Agence France-Presse. 2021-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=World%27s+%27oldest+known+cave+painting%27+found+in+Indonesia&rft.date=2021-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2021%2Fjan%2F13%2Fworlds-oldest-known-cave-painting-found-in-indonesia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-55657257">"Indonesia: Archaeologists find world's oldest animal cave painting"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2021-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Indonesia%3A+Archaeologists+find+world%27s+oldest+animal+cave+painting&rft.date=2021-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-55657257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57166995">"Indonesia: Climate change destroying world's oldest animal painting"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2021-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Indonesia%3A+Climate+change+destroying+world%27s+oldest+animal+painting&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-57166995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/935/">Khoit tsenkher cave rock painting – UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathpal1984" class="citation book cs1">Mathpal, Yashodhar (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GG7-CpvlU30C&pg=PA220"><i>Prehistoric Painting Of Bhimbetka</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170171935" title="Special:BookSources/9788170171935"><bdi>9788170171935</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Painting+Of+Bhimbetka&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9788170171935&rft.aulast=Mathpal&rft.aufirst=Yashodhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGG7-CpvlU30C%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTiwari2000" class="citation book cs1">Tiwari, Shiv Kumar (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-jO0fvT4r9gC&pg=PA189"><i>Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings</i></a>. Sarup & Sons. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788176250863" title="Special:BookSources/9788176250863"><bdi>9788176250863</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riddles+of+Indian+Rockshelter+Paintings&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Sarup+%26+Sons&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9788176250863&rft.aulast=Tiwari&rft.aufirst=Shiv+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-jO0fvT4r9gC%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/925.pdf"><i>Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNESCO. 2003. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+Shelters+of+Bhimbetka&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fuploads%2Fnominations%2F925.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMithen2011" class="citation book cs1">Mithen, Steven (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uaxg_QDSsrQC&pg=PT524"><i>After the Ice: A Global Human History, 20,000–5,000 BC</i></a>. Orion. p. 524. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780222592" title="Special:BookSources/9781780222592"><bdi>9781780222592</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+Ice%3A+A+Global+Human+History%2C+20%2C000%E2%80%935%2C000+BC&rft.pages=524&rft.pub=Orion&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781780222592&rft.aulast=Mithen&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUaxg_QDSsrQC%26pg%3DPT524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavidJāvīdJaveed2008" class="citation book cs1">Javid, Ali; Jāvīd, ʻAlī; Javeed, Tabassum (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=54XBlIF9LFgC&pg=PA19"><i>World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India</i></a>. Algora Publishing. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780875864846" title="Special:BookSources/9780875864846"><bdi>9780875864846</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Heritage+Monuments+and+Related+Edifices+in+India&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780875864846&rft.aulast=Javid&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=J%C4%81v%C4%ABd%2C+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rft.au=Javeed%2C+Tabassum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D54XBlIF9LFgC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=925">"Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka"</a>. World Heritage Site<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+Shelters+of+Bhimbetka&rft.pub=World+Heritage+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fpg.cfm%3Fcid%3D31%26id_site%3D925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/apol/hd_apol.htm">"Apollo 11 (ca. 25,500–23,500 B.C.) and Wonderwerk (ca. 8,000 B.C.) Cave Stones"</a>. <i>Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History</i>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. October 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heilbrunn+Timeline+of+Art+History&rft.atitle=Apollo+11+%28ca.+25%2C500%E2%80%9323%2C500+B.C.%29+and+Wonderwerk+%28ca.+8%2C000+B.C.%29+Cave+Stones&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Ftoah%2Fhd%2Fapol%2Fhd_apol.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFui_Lee_Luk2018" class="citation web cs1">Fui Lee Luk (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.cnrs.fr/articles/the-worlds-earliest-drawing">"The World's Earliest Drawing?"</a>. <i>news.cnrs.fr</i>. <a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.cnrs.fr&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Earliest+Drawing%3F&rft.date=2018&rft.au=Fui+Lee+Luk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.cnrs.fr%2Farticles%2Fthe-worlds-earliest-drawing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-20180912-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT-20180912_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt._Fleur2018" class="citation news cs1">St. Fleur, Nicholas (12 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/12/science/oldest-drawing-ever-found.html">"Oldest Known Drawing by Human Hands Discovered in South African Cave"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oldest+Known+Drawing+by+Human+Hands+Discovered+in+South+African+Cave&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=St.+Fleur&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F09%2F12%2Fscience%2Foldest-drawing-ever-found.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSample2018" class="citation web cs1">Sample, Ian (2018-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/12/earliest-known-drawing-found-on-rock-in-south-african-cave">"Earliest known drawing found on rock in South African cave"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Earliest+known+drawing+found+on+rock+in+South+African+cave&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2018%2Fsep%2F12%2Fearliest-known-drawing-found-on-rock-in-south-african-cave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-56164484">"Australia: Oldest rock art is 17,300-year-old kangaroo"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. 23 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Australia%3A+Oldest+rock+art+is+17%2C300-year-old+kangaroo&rft.date=2021-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-australia-56164484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npsr.qld.gov.au/parks/parks-whitsundays/culture.html">"Whitsunday national park islands - Nature, Culture and History"</a>. <i>Queensland Government</i>. The State of Queensland (Department of National Parks, Sport and Racing)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Government&rft.atitle=Whitsunday+national+park+islands+-+Nature%2C+Culture+and+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npsr.qld.gov.au%2Fparks%2Fparks-whitsundays%2Fculture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130926052348/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article142152.ece">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Edakkal cave findings related to Indus Valley civilization"</a>. <i>The New Indian Express</i>. 2009-10-22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article142152.ece">the original</a> on September 26, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=%27Edakkal+cave+findings+related+to+Indus+Valley+civilization&rft.date=2009-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fthiruvananthapuram%2Farticle142152.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105071155/http://www.scribd.com/doc/26510292/Sarasvati-River-Indus-Script-Ancient-Village-Or">"Sarasvati River Indus Script Ancient Village Or"</a>. Scribd.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/26510292/Sarasvati-River-Indus-Script-Ancient-Village-Or">the original</a> on 2012-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarasvati+River+Indus+Script+Ancient+Village+Or&rft.pub=Scribd.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F26510292%2FSarasvati-River-Indus-Script-Ancient-Village-Or&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110128222211/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Symbols-akin-to-Indus-valley-culture-discovered/Article1-459163.aspx">"Symbols akin to Indus valley culture discovered"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 2009-09-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/Symbols-akin-to-Indus-valley-culture-discovered/Article1-459163.aspx">the original</a> on 2011-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Symbols+akin+to+Indus+valley+culture+discovered&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FSymbols-akin-to-Indus-valley-culture-discovered%2FArticle1-459163.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madote.com/2017/04/understanding-rock-art-in-eritrea.html">"Understanding Rock Art in Eritrea"</a>. <i>Madote</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madote&rft.atitle=Understanding+Rock+Art+in+Eritrea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madote.com%2F2017%2F04%2Funderstanding-rock-art-in-eritrea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5600/">"Qoahito Cultural Landscape"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Qoahito+Cultural+Landscape&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F5600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bakano-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bakano_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakano2011" class="citation news cs1">Bakano, Otto (April 24, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430102432/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1">"Grotto galleries show early Somali life"</a>. AFP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw?docId=CNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1">the original</a> on April 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Grotto+galleries+show+early+Somali+life&rft.date=2011-04-24&rft.aulast=Bakano&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jMNd90UAafsRNEDPyelL7Hee1ydw%3FdocId%3DCNG.82196a5b15ef45a2d4e744675740cd6a.6e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tdodras-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tdodras_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMire2008" class="citation journal cs1">Mire, Sada (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627100400/http://www.mbali.info/doc494.htm">"The Discovery of Dhambalin Rock Art Site, Somaliland"</a>. <i>African Archaeological Review</i>. <b>25</b> (3–4): 153–168. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-008-9032-2">10.1007/s10437-008-9032-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162960112">162960112</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbali.info/doc494.htm">the original</a> on 27 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Archaeological+Review&rft.atitle=The+Discovery+of+Dhambalin+Rock+Art+Site%2C+Somaliland&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=153-168&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10437-008-9032-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162960112%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Mire&rft.aufirst=Sada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mbali.info%2Fdoc494.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guafcpaonas-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guafcpaonas_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlberge2010" class="citation news cs1">Alberge, Dalya (17 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/17/cave-paintings-found-in-somaliland">"UK archaeologist finds cave paintings at 100 new African sites"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+archaeologist+finds+cave+paintings+at+100+new+African+sites&rft.date=2010-09-17&rft.aulast=Alberge&rft.aufirst=Dalya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fsep%2F17%2Fcave-paintings-found-in-somaliland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mheah-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mheah_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodd1994" class="citation book cs1">Hodd, Michael (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bL8tAQAAIAAJ"><i>East African Handbook</i></a>. Trade & Travel Publications. p. 640. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8442-8983-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8442-8983-3"><bdi>0-8442-8983-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+African+Handbook&rft.pages=640&rft.pub=Trade+%26+Travel+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8442-8983-3&rft.aulast=Hodd&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbL8tAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astgi-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Astgi_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Astgi_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAli1970" class="citation book cs1">Ali, Ismail Mohamed (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tMVAAAAAYAAJ"><i>Somalia Today: General Information</i></a>. Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Somali Democratic Republic. p. 295.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Somalia+Today%3A+General+Information&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Information+and+National+Guidance%2C+Somali+Democratic+Republic&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=Ismail+Mohamed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtMVAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Iodn-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Iodn_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIstituto_universitario_orientale_(Naples,_Italy)1992" class="citation book cs1">Istituto universitario orientale (Naples, Italy) (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DbhiAAAAMAAJ"><i>Annali: Supplemento, Issues 70-73</i></a>. Istituto orientale di Napoli. p. 57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annali%3A+Supplemento%2C+Issues+70-73&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Istituto+orientale+di+Napoli&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Istituto+universitario+orientale+%28Naples%2C+Italy%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDbhiAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crasos-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crasos_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329002706/http://archive.cyark.org/rock-art-sites-of-somaliland-info">"Rock Art Sites of Somaliland"</a>. CyArk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.cyark.org/rock-art-sites-of-somaliland-info">the original</a> on 29 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+Art+Sites+of+Somaliland&rft.pub=CyArk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.cyark.org%2Frock-art-sites-of-somaliland-info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amvjaa-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amvjaa_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversität_Frankfurt_am_Main2003" class="citation cs2">Universität Frankfurt am Main (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ExwkAQAAIAAJ">"Volumes 1–2"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_African_Archaeology" title="Journal of African Archaeology">Journal of African Archaeology</a></i>, Africa Manga Verlag: 230, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783937248004" title="Special:BookSources/9783937248004"><bdi>9783937248004</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+African+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Volumes+1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=230&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9783937248004&rft.au=Universit%C3%A4t+Frankfurt+am+Main&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DExwkAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tassili-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tassili_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/179">"Tassili n'Ajjer"</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tassili+n%27Ajjer&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/9/40/368014/Heritage/Ancient-Egypt/Ancient-cave-with-distinguished-engravings-depicti.aspx">"Ancient cave with distinguished engravings depicting scenes of animals discovered in Sinai – Ancient Egypt – Heritage"</a>. <i>Ahram Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahram+Online&rft.atitle=Ancient+cave+with+distinguished+engravings+depicting+scenes+of+animals+discovered+in+Sinai+%E2%80%93+Ancient+Egypt+%E2%80%93+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F9%2F40%2F368014%2FHeritage%2FAncient-Egypt%2FAncient-cave-with-distinguished-engravings-depicti.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egyptindependent.com/photos-archaeologists-uncover-ancient-cave-in-north-sinai/">"Photos: Archaeologists uncover ancient cave in North Sinai"</a>. <i>Egypt Independent</i>. 2020-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Egypt+Independent&rft.atitle=Photos%3A+Archaeologists+uncover+ancient+cave+in+North+Sinai&rft.date=2020-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fegyptindependent.com%2Fphotos-archaeologists-uncover-ancient-cave-in-north-sinai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaroff1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Jaroff, Leon (1997-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130204205110/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,986446,00.html">"Etched in Stone"</a>. <i>Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,986446,00.html">the original</a> on February 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-07</span></span>. <q>Wildlife and humans tend to get equal billing in African rock art. (In the caves of western Europe, by contrast, pictures of animals cover the walls and human figures are rare.) In southern Africa, home to the San, or Bushmen, many of the rock scenes depicting people interpret the rituals and hallucinations of the shamans who still dominate the San culture today. Among the most evocative images are those believed to represent shamans deep in trance: a reclining, antelope-headed man surrounded by imaginary beasts, for example, or an insect-like humanoid covered with wild decorations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Etched+in+Stone&rft.date=1997-06-02&rft.aulast=Jaroff&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C986446%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030719060253/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/07/0717_030717_bajarockart.html">"Baja California Rock Art Dated to 7,500 Years Ago"</a>. <i>news.nationalgeographic.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/07/0717_030717_bajarockart.html">the original</a> on July 19, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.nationalgeographic.com&rft.atitle=Baja+California+Rock+Art+Dated+to+7%2C500+Years+Ago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2F07%2F0717_030717_bajarockart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimekm_Jan_F.Alan_CresslerNicholas_P._HerrmannSarah_C._Sherwood2013" class="citation journal cs1">Simekm Jan F.; Alan Cressler; Nicholas P. Herrmann; Sarah C. Sherwood (2013). "Sacred landscapes of the south-eastern USA: prehistoric rock and cave art in Tennessee". <i>Antiquity</i>. <b>87</b> (336): 430–446. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00049048">10.1017/S0003598X00049048</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130296519">130296519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Sacred+landscapes+of+the+south-eastern+USA%3A+prehistoric+rock+and+cave+art+in+Tennessee&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=336&rft.pages=430-446&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00049048&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130296519%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Simekm+Jan+F.&rft.au=Alan+Cressler&rft.au=Nicholas+P.+Herrmann&rft.au=Sarah+C.+Sherwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiwosz2016" class="citation journal cs1">Liwosz, Chester R. (2016-07-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1947461X.2016.1240852">"The Archaeology and Rock Art of Swordfish Cave"</a>. <i>California Archaeology</i>. <b>8</b> (2): 319–321. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1947461X.2016.1240852">10.1080/1947461X.2016.1240852</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1947-461X">1947-461X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=California+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Archaeology+and+Rock+Art+of+Swordfish+Cave&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=319-321&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1947461X.2016.1240852&rft.issn=1947-461X&rft.aulast=Liwosz&rft.aufirst=Chester+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F1947461X.2016.1240852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-comte_indigarg-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-comte_indigarg_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Comte2003" class="citation book cs1">Le Comte, Christian (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/argentineindians00chri"><i>Argentine Indians</i></a>. Consorcio de Editores. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/987-9479-11-4" title="Special:BookSources/987-9479-11-4"><bdi>987-9479-11-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Argentine+Indians&rft.pub=Consorcio+de+Editores&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=987-9479-11-4&rft.aulast=Le+Comte&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fargentineindians00chri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteeleUomini2005" class="citation book cs1">Steele, James; Uomini, Natalie (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnjst/Steele%26Uomini2005.pdf">"Humans, tools and handedness"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Roux, Valentine; Bril, Blandine (eds.). <i>Stone Knapping: the Necessary Conditions for a Uniquely Hominin Behaviour</i>. Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902937-34-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-902937-34-1"><bdi>1-902937-34-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/64118071">64118071</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211016025838/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~tcrnjst/Steele%26Uomini2005.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Humans%2C+tools+and+handedness&rft.btitle=Stone+Knapping%3A+the+Necessary+Conditions+for+a+Uniquely+Hominin+Behaviour&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=McDonald+Institute+for+Archaeological+Research%2C+University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F64118071&rft.isbn=1-902937-34-1&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Uomini%2C+Natalie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucl.ac.uk%2F~tcrnjst%2FSteele%2526Uomini2005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParfit2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Parfit, Michael (December 2000). "Hunt for the First Americans". <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>. Vol. 198, no. 6. <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Hunt+for+the+First+Americans&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=40&rft.date=2000-12&rft.aulast=Parfit&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:23_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiesner-Hanks2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merry_Wiesner-Hanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Merry Wiesner-Hanks">Wiesner-Hanks, Merry E.</a> (September 23, 2015). <i>A Concise History of the World</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 11–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02837-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02837-1"><bdi>978-1-107-02837-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/908262350">908262350</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=11-13&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015-09-23&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F908262350&rft.isbn=978-1-107-02837-1&rft.aulast=Wiesner-Hanks&rft.aufirst=Merry+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2017" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Jerry D. (2017). <i>Incidence of travel: recent journeys in ancient South America</i>. Boulder: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Colorado" title="University Press of Colorado">University Press of Colorado</a>. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5876%2F9781607326007">10.5876/9781607326007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60732-600-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60732-600-7"><bdi>978-1-60732-600-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1m3210q">j.ctt1m3210q</a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016053403">2016053403</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/973325343">973325343</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Incidence+of+travel%3A+recent+journeys+in+ancient+South+America&rft.place=Boulder&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Colorado&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1m3210q%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5876%2F9781607326007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F973325343&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016053403&rft.isbn=978-1-60732-600-7&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Jerry+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber" class="citation web cs1">Weber, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724065848/http://andaman.org/BOOK/chapter35/text35.htm">"The Semang"</a>. <i>The Negrito of Malaysia</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter35/text35.htm">the original</a> on 24 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Negrito+of+Malaysia&rft.atitle=The+Semang&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andaman.org%2FBOOK%2Fchapter35%2Ftext35.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOktavianaSetiawan2015" class="citation journal cs1">Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Setiawan, Pindi (2015). "Pola Gambar Cadas di Situs Gua Harimau, Sumatera Selatan". <i>Pusat Arkeologi Nasional</i>: 1–10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pusat+Arkeologi+Nasional&rft.atitle=Pola+Gambar+Cadas+di+Situs+Gua+Harimau%2C+Sumatera+Selatan&rft.pages=1-10&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Oktaviana&rft.aufirst=Adhi+Agus&rft.au=Setiawan%2C+Pindi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFauziIntanWibowo2019" class="citation journal cs1">Fauzi, Mohammad Ruly; Intan, Fadhlan S.; Wibowo, Andy S. (2019). "Newly discovered cave art sites from Bukit Bulan, Sumatra: Aligning prehistoric symbolic behavior in Indonesian prehistory". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>24</b>: 166–174. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JArSR..24..166F">2019JArSR..24..166F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2019.01.001">10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.01.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=Newly+discovered+cave+art+sites+from+Bukit+Bulan%2C+Sumatra%3A+Aligning+prehistoric+symbolic+behavior+in+Indonesian+prehistory&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=166-174&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jasrep.2019.01.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019JArSR..24..166F&rft.aulast=Fauzi&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Ruly&rft.au=Intan%2C+Fadhlan+S.&rft.au=Wibowo%2C+Andy+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2018" class="citation journal cs1">O'Connor, Sue (May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325010281">"Unusual painted anthropomorph in Lembata island extends our understanding of rock art diversity in Indonesia"</a>. <i>Rock Art Research</i>. <b>35</b> (1)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rock+Art+Research&rft.atitle=Unusual+painted+anthropomorph+in+Lembata+island+extends+our+understanding+of+rock+art+diversity+in+Indonesia&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2018-05&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F325010281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubowski2010" class="citation book cs1">Dubowski, Mark (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/discoveryincave0000dubo"><i>Discovery in the Cave (Children's early reader)</i></a></span>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-85893-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-85893-2"><bdi>978-0-375-85893-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+in+the+Cave+%28Children%27s+early+reader%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-375-85893-2&rft.aulast=Dubowski&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdiscoveryincave0000dubo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFageChazine,_Jean-Michel2010" class="citation book cs1">Fage, Luc-Henri; Chazine, Jean-Michel (2010). <i>Borneo – Memory of the Caves</i>. Le Kalimanthrope. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-9536616-1-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-9536616-1-3"><bdi>978-2-9536616-1-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borneo+%E2%80%93+Memory+of+the+Caves&rft.pub=Le+Kalimanthrope&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-9536616-1-3&rft.aulast=Fage&rft.aufirst=Luc-Henri&rft.au=Chazine%2C+Jean-Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeydClegg2005" class="citation book cs1">Heyd, Thomas; Clegg, John, eds. (2005). <i>Aesthetics and Rock Art</i>. Ashgate Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-3924-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-3924-X"><bdi>0-7546-3924-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aesthetics+and+Rock+Art&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7546-3924-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2006" class="citation book cs1">Curtis, Gregory (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cavepaintersprob00curt"><i>The Cave Painters: Probing the Mysteries of the World's First Artists</i></a>. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-4348-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-4348-4"><bdi>1-4000-4348-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cave+Painters%3A+Probing+the+Mysteries+of+the+World%27s+First+Artists&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-4000-4348-4&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcavepaintersprob00curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNechvatal2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nechvatal" title="Joseph Nechvatal">Nechvatal, Joseph</a> (2005). "Immersive Excess in the Apse of Lascaux". <i>Technonoetic Arts</i>. <b>3</b> (3): 181–192. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1386%2Ftear.3.3.181%2F1">10.1386/tear.3.3.181/1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technonoetic+Arts&rft.atitle=Immersive+Excess+in+the+Apse+of+Lascaux&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=181-192&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1386%2Ftear.3.3.181%2F1&rft.aulast=Nechvatal&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACave+painting" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cave_paintings" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cave paintings">Cave paintings</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/cave_painting" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/cave painting">cave painting</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/">Bradshaw Foundation</a> The recording of cave paintings around the world</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europreart.net/">EuroPreArt</a> database of European Prehistoric Art</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arara.wildapricot.org/">American Rock Art Research Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7509683.stm">Tour of Afghan cave paintings</a> from BBC News.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalimanthrope.com/">Le Kalimanthrope</a> Rock art of Borneo (Kalimantan, Indonesia)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622013211/https://sites.google.com/site/journeythrougharthistory/prehistoricart">Journey through Art History</a>, an outline of prehistoric art with emphasis on cave paintings from around the world.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive">Human Timeline (Interactive)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> (August 2016).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cave_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caves" title="Template:Caves"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caves" title="Template talk:Caves"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caves" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caves"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cave_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_caving_and_speleology" title="Glossary of caving and speleology">Glossary of caving and speleology</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biospeleology" title="Biospeleology">Biospeleology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_conservation" title="Cave conservation">Cave conservation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cave painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_survey" title="Cave survey">Cave survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">Caving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving_equipment" title="Caving equipment">Equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fauna" title="Subterranean fauna">Fauna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stygofauna" title="Stygofauna">Stygofauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troglofauna" title="Troglofauna">Troglofauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleogenesis" title="Speleogenesis">Speleogenesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">Speleology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves_by_country" title="Category:Caves by country">Caves by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types and formation<br /> processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchialine_system" title="Anchialine system">Anchihaline cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathing_cave" title="Breathing cave">Breathing cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave-in" title="Cave-in">Cave-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estavelle" title="Estavelle">Estavelle/Inversac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foiba" title="Foiba">Foiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_cave" title="Glacier cave">Glacier cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Ice cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst_spring" title="Karst spring">Karst spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_cave" title="Lava cave">Lava cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ley_tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ley tunnel">Ley tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mine_exploration" title="Mine exploration">Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_cave" title="Pit cave">Pit cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponor" title="Ponor">Ponor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_cave" title="Salt cave">Salt cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cave" title="Sea cave">Sea cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutional_cave" title="Solutional cave">Solutional cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_cave" title="Show cave">Show cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffosion" title="Suffosion">Suffosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sump_(cave)" title="Sump (cave)">Sump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talus_cave" title="Talus cave">Talus cave</a></li> <li>Underground <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underground_lake" title="Underground lake">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_waterfall" title="Subterranean waterfall">Waterfall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speleothem" title="Speleothem">Speleothems</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Speleogen" title="Speleogen">Speleogens</a><br />(Cave formations)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthodite" title="Anthodite">Anthodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxwork" title="Boxwork">Boxwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcite_rafts" title="Calcite rafts">Calcite rafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_pearl" title="Cave pearl">Cave pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_popcorn" title="Cave popcorn">Cave popcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogtooth_spar" title="Dogtooth spar">Dogtooth spar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowstone" title="Flowstone">Flowstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frostwork" title="Frostwork">Frostwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helictite" title="Helictite">Helictite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonmilk" title="Moonmilk">Moonmilk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimstone" title="Rimstone">Rimstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelfstone" title="Shelfstone">Shelfstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snottite" title="Snottite">Snottite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_straw" title="Soda straw">Soda straw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleoseismite" title="Speleoseismite">Speleoseismite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalactite" title="Stalactite">Stalactite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalagmite" title="Stalagmite">Stalagmite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalagnate" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalagnate">Stalagnate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vug" title="Vug">Vug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_dweller" title="Cave dweller">Cave dweller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave-dwelling_Jews" title="Cave-dwelling Jews">Cave-dwelling Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cave_monasteries" title="List of cave monasteries">Cave monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kome_Caves" title="Kome Caves">Kome Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nok_and_Mamproug_Cave_Dwellings" title="Nok and Mamproug Cave Dwellings">Nok and Mamproug Cave Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaodong" title="Yaodong">Yaodong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diving_into_the_Unknown" title="Diving into the Unknown">Diving into the Unknown</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Forgotten_Dreams" title="Cave of Forgotten Dreams">Cave of Forgotten Dreams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Underground_Eiger" title="The Underground Eiger">The Underground Eiger</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_caving_fatalities" title="List of UK caving fatalities">List of UK caving fatalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpazat_cave_rescue" title="Alpazat cave rescue">Alpazat cave rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riesending_cave_rescue" title="Riesending cave rescue">Riesending cave rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tham_Luang_cave_rescue" title="Tham Luang cave rescue">Tham Luang cave rescue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caves" title="Category:Caves">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_grave" title="Gallery grave">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Subterranea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subterranea" title="Template:Subterranea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Subterranea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Subterranea (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subterranea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subterranea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subterranea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Subterranea_(geography)" title="Subterranea (geography)">Subterranea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcove_(landform)" title="Alcove (landform)">Alcove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant_colony" title="Ant colony">Ant colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrow" title="Burrow">Burrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burrow_fossil" title="Burrow fossil">Burrow fossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_burrow" title="Communal burrow">Communal burrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoburrow" title="Paleoburrow">Paleoburrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_cave" title="Glacier cave">Glacier cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">Grotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Ice cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_cave" title="Lava cave">Lava cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_tube" title="Lava tube">Lava tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit Cave">Pit Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_cave" title="Show cave">Show cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutional_cave" title="Solutional cave">Solutional cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talus_cave" title="Talus cave">Talus cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenote" title="Cenote">Cenote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">Karst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_tree_mold" title="Lava tree mold">Lava tree mold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">Magma chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternity_den" title="Maternity den">Maternity den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest" title="Nest">Nest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beehive" title="Beehive">Bee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_crater" title="Pit crater">Pit crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinkhole" title="Sinkhole">Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fauna" title="Subterranean fauna">Subterranean fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">Subterranean river</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_waterfall" title="Subterranean waterfall">Subterranean waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_lake" title="Underground lake">Underground lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_pipe" title="Volcanic pipe">Volcanic pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_(burrow)" title="Warren (burrow)">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balve_Cave" title="Balve Cave">Balve Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castellana_Caves" title="Castellana Caves">Castellana Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_S%C6%A1n_%C4%90o%C3%B2ng" title="Hang Sơn Đoòng">Hang Sơn Đoòng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewel_Cave_National_Monument" title="Jewel Cave National Monument">Jewel Cave National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazumura_Cave" title="Kazumura Cave">Kazumura Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lechuguilla_Cave" title="Lechuguilla Cave">Lechuguilla Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Cave_National_Park" title="Mammoth Cave National Park">Mammoth Cave National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Flute_Cave" title="Reed Flute Cave">Reed Flute Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_rivers_of_London" title="Subterranean rivers of London">Subterranean rivers of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veryovkina_Cave" title="Veryovkina Cave">Veryovkina Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_Cave_National_Park" title="Wind Cave National Park">Wind Cave National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Man-made features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_vault_(tomb)" title="Burial vault (tomb)">Burial vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borehole" title="Borehole">Borehole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_shelter" title="Blast shelter">Blast shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacombs" title="Catacombs">Catacombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Crypt Mausoleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">Dungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout (shelter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_well" title="Dry well">Dry well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_shelter" title="Earth shelter">Earth shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdstall" title="Erdstall">Erdstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallout_shelter" title="Fallout shelter">Fallout shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fogou" title="Fogou">Fogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position#Terminology" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypogeum" title="Hypogeum">Hypogeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhole" title="Manhole">Manhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_launch_facility" title="Missile launch facility">Missile launch facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock-cut_tomb" title="Rock-cut tomb">Rock-cut tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_vault" title="Utility vault">Utility vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_city" title="Underground city">Underground city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_base" title="Underground base">Underground base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hangar" title="Underground hangar">Underground hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cave" title="Wine cave">Wine cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Subway system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">Sewerage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Septic_tank" title="Septic tank">Septic tank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepwell" title="Stepwell">Stepwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smuggling_tunnel" title="Smuggling tunnel">Smuggling tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_hole" title="Spider hole">Spider hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_shaft" title="Ventilation shaft">Ventilation shaft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/816_Nuclear_Military_Plant" title="816 Nuclear Military Plant">816 Nuclear Military Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_of_Maastricht" title="Caves of Maastricht">Caves of Maastricht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_%C3%86giss%C3%AD%C3%B0a" title="The Caves of Ægissíða">The Caves of Ægissíða</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_of_Mercury._Almad%C3%A9n_and_Idrija" title="Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija"> Almadén Mercury Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coober_Pedy" title="Coober Pedy">Coober Pedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_Mountain_Complex" title="Cheyenne Mountain Complex">Cheyenne Mountain Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tunnel_Company" title="Chicago Tunnel Company">Chicago Tunnel Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_tunnel_system" title="Houston tunnel system">Houston tunnel system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosvinsky_Kamen" title="Kosvinsky Kamen">Kosvinsky Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%91b%C3%A1nya_cellar_system" title="Kőbánya cellar system">Kőbánya cellar system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kome_Caves" title="Kome Caves">Kome Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City_(Beijing)" title="Underground City (Beijing)">Underground City (Beijing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_City,_Montreal" title="Underground City, Montreal">Underground City, Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Great_Wall_of_China" title="Underground Great Wall of China">Underground Great Wall of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maginot_Line" title="Maginot Line">Maginot Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mines_of_Paris" title="Mines of Paris">Mines of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustang_Caves" title="Mustang Caves">Mustang Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Yamantau" title="Mount Yamantau">Mount Yamantau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Caves" title="Mogao Caves">Mogao Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples_underground_geothermal_zone" title="Naples underground geothermal zone">Naples underground geothermal zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aerospace_Defense_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Aerospace Defense Command">North American Aerospace Defense Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raven_Rock_Mountain_Complex" title="Raven Rock Mountain Complex">Raven Rock Mountain Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_tunnels" title="Shanghai tunnels">Shanghai tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_London" title="Subterranean London">Subterranean London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_Toledo" title="Subterranean Toledo">Subterranean Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turda_Salt_Mines" class="mw-redirect" title="Turda Salt Mines">Turda Salt Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaodong" title="Yaodong">Yaodong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hollow_Earth" title="Hollow Earth">Hollow Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_fiction" title="Subterranean fiction">Subterranean fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Exemplars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegory_of_the_cave" title="Allegory of the cave">Allegory of the cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcave" title="Batcave">Batcave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Greek Underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_the_Center_of_the_Earth" title="Journey to the Center of the Earth">Journey to the Center of the Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moria (Middle-earth)">Moria (Middle-earth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nome_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nome Kingdom">Nome Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pellucidar" title="Pellucidar">Pellucidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranea_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Subterranea (comics)">Subterranea (comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnels_in_popular_culture" title="Tunnels in popular culture">Tunnels in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underdark" title="Underdark">Underdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underland_(Narnia)" title="Underland (Narnia)">Underland (Narnia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonderland_(fictional_country)" title="Wonderland (fictional country)">Wonderland (fictional country)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Reclamation_Sciences" title="American Society of Reclamation Sciences">American Society of Reclamation Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamt" title="Bergamt">Bergamt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Research_Foundation" title="Cave Research Foundation">Cave Research Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hard_rock_miners%27_organizations" title="History of hard rock miners' organizations">History of hard rock miners' organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mine_Map_Repository" title="National Mine Map Repository">National Mine Map Repository</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mining_Association" title="National Mining Association">National Mining Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Speleological_Society" title="National Speleological Society">National Speleological Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grotto_(National_Speleological_Society)" title="Grotto (National Speleological Society)">Grotto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Materials,_Minerals_and_Mining" title="Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining">Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution_of_Mining_Engineers" title="Institution of Mining Engineers">Institution of Mining Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Speleology" title="International Union of Speleology">International Union of Speleology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Centre_for_Deep_Drilling" title="Research Centre for Deep Drilling">Research Centre for Deep Drilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Economic_Geologists" title="Society of Economic Geologists">Society of Economic Geologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_African_Institute_of_Mining_and_Metallurgy" title="Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy">Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_conservation" title="Cave conservation">Cave conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_dweller" title="Cave dweller">Cave dweller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_diving" title="Cave diving">Cave diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_gate" title="Cave gate">Cave gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_rescue" title="Cave rescue">Cave rescue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cave painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">Caving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_network" title="Tunnel network">Tunnel network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_construction" title="Underground construction">Underground construction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_construction" title="Tunnel construction">Tunnel construction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_living" title="Underground living">Underground living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_rescue" title="Mine rescue">Mine rescue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_exploration" title="Mine exploration">Mine exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_engineering" title="Mining engineering">Mining engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people" title="Mole people">Mole people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mole_people_(fiction)" title="Mole people (fiction)">in fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">Speleology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean warfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tree_of_life.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/21px-Tree_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/32px-Tree_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Tree_of_life.svg/42px-Tree_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="760" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Evolutionary_biology" title="Portal:Evolutionary biology">Evolutionary biology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ballerina-icon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ballerina-icon.jpg/16px-Ballerina-icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ballerina-icon.jpg/24px-Ballerina-icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ballerina-icon.jpg/32px-Ballerina-icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Art">Art</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214334#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85021491">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12038772s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12038772s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="jeskynní malby"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph317146&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX526285">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284835505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&oldid=1252610914">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&oldid=1252610914</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Category:Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cave_paintings" title="Category:Cave paintings">Cave paintings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_art" title="Category:Indigenous art">Indigenous art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_technology" title="Category:Mass media technology">Mass media technology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Murals" title="Category:Murals">Murals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pre-Columbian_art" title="Category:Pre-Columbian art">Pre-Columbian art</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">CS1 maint: others</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_missing_ISBNs" title="Category:Pages with missing ISBNs">Pages with missing ISBNs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_factual_verification" title="Category:All pages needing factual verification">All pages needing factual verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_factual_verification_from_December_2012" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2012">Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from December 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2018" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 October 2024, at 04:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cave_painting&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-98hqk","wgBackendResponseTime":158,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.776","walltime":"2.009","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7231,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":283877,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4936,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":370539,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1628.141 1 -total"," 55.47% 903.203 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.38% 299.172 24 Template:Cite_book"," 12.69% 206.557 23 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.35% 152.171 27 Template:Cite_web"," 7.52% 122.478 5 Template:Navbox"," 6.96% 113.311 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.71% 109.267 1 Template:Caves"," 6.18% 100.555 15 Template:Cite_news"," 5.75% 93.696 6 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.078","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8553630,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","21.8"],["?","160","14.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","120","10.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","9.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","5.5"],["citation0 \u003CModule:Citation/CS1:2614\u003E","60","5.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","40","3.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageName","40","3.6"],["[others]","180","16.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rxt7p","timestamp":"20241122140843","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cave painting","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cave_painting","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q214334","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q214334","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-02-11T21:38:51Z","dateModified":"2024-10-22T04:03:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f4\/SantaCruz-CuevaManos-P2210651b.jpg","headline":"paintings found on cave walls and ceilings"}</script> </body> </html>