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interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="تئوفیل د دوندر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تئوفیل د دوندر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_De_Donder" title="Théophile De Donder – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Théophile De Donder" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="تئوفیل د دوندر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تئوفیل د دوندر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%85%8C%EC%98%A4%ED%95%84_%EB%93%9C_%EB%8F%99%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4" title="테오필 드 동데르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="테오필 드 동데르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="تيوفيل دو دوندر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تيوفيل دو دوندر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_De_Donder" title="Théophile De Donder – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Théophile De Donder" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87" title="テオフィル・ド・ドンデ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テオフィル・ド・ドンデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Де Донде, Теофил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Де Донде, Теофил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder" title="Théophile de Donder – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Théophile de Donder" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Ernest_de_Donder" title="Théophile Ernest de Donder – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Théophile Ernest de Donder" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Théophile de Donder</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Th%C3%A9ophile_Ernest_de_Donder.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Th%C3%A9ophile_Ernest_de_Donder.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Théophile Ernest de Donder (1872 – 1957) at the 1927 <a href="/wiki/Solvay_Conference" title="Solvay Conference">Solvay Conference</a>. Appearing in front of de Donder is <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-08-19</span>)</span>19 August 1872<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 May 1957<span style="display:none">(1957-05-11)</span> (aged 84)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Belgian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">Being the father of irreversible thermodynamics</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">Physicist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Doctoral students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Van_Hove" title="Léon Van Hove">Léon Van Hove</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Lepage" title="Théophile Lepage">Théophile Lepage</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Théophile Ernest de Donder</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[də<span class="wrap"> </span>dɔ̃dɛʁ]</a></span>; 19 August 1872 – 11 May 1957) was a <a href="/wiki/Belgians" title="Belgians">Belgian</a> mathematician, physicist and chemist famous for his work (published in 1923) in developing correlations between the Newtonian concept of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_affinity" title="Chemical affinity">chemical affinity</a> and the Gibbsian concept of <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy" title="Gibbs free energy">free energy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He received his doctorate in physics and mathematics from the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a> in 1899, for a thesis entitled <i>Sur la Théorie des Invariants Intégraux</i> (<i>On the Theory of Integral Invariants</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was professor between 1911 and 1942, at the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Université Libre de Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a>. Initially he continued the work of <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Cartan" title="Élie Cartan">Élie Cartan</a>. From 1914 on, he was influenced by the work of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> and was an enthusiastic proponent of the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_relativity" title="Theory of relativity">theory of relativity</a>. He gained significant reputation in 1923, when he developed his definition of <a href="/wiki/Chemical_affinity" title="Chemical affinity">chemical affinity</a>. He pointed out a connection between the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_affinity" title="Chemical affinity">chemical affinity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gibbs_free_energy" title="Gibbs free energy">Gibbs free energy</a>. </p><p>He is considered the father of <a href="/wiki/Thermodynamics" title="Thermodynamics">thermodynamics</a> of irreversible processes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Donder's work was later developed further by <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a>. De Donder was an associate and friend of <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>. He was in 1927, one of the participants of the fifth <a href="/wiki/Solvay_Conference" title="Solvay Conference">Solvay Conference</a> on Physics, that took place at the International Solvay Institute for Physics in Belgium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_by_De_Donder">Books by De Donder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Books by De Donder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Thermodynamic Theory of Affinity: A Book of Principles.</i> Oxford, England: Oxford University Press (1936)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ7kAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Mathematical Theory of Relativity.</i></a> Cambridge, MA: MIT (1927)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Sur la théorie des invariants intégraux</i> (thesis) (1899).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8yBLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>Théorie du champ électromagnétique de Maxwell-Lorentz et du champ gravifique d'Einstein</i></a> (1917)</li> <li><i>La gravifique Einsteinienne</i> (1921)</li> <li><i>Introduction à la gravifique einsteinienne</i> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Théorie mathématique de l'électricité</i> (1925)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j-HuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Théorie des champs gravifiques</i></a> (1926)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Application de la gravifique einsteinienne</i> (1930)</li> <li><i>Théorie invariantive du calcul des variations</i> (1931)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_affinity" title="Chemical affinity">Chemical affinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_thermodynamics" title="Chemical thermodynamics">Chemical thermodynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extent_of_reaction" title="Extent of reaction">Extent of reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger_equation" title="Schrödinger equation">Schrödinger equation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_coordinate_condition" title="Harmonic coordinate condition">de Donder gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Donder%E2%80%93Weyl_theory" title="De Donder–Weyl theory">de Donder–Weyl theory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A9ophile_de_Donder&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acad. Roy. Belg., Bull. Cl. Sc., page 169, 1968.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPerrot1998" class="citation book cs1">Perrot, Pierre (1998). <i>A to Z of Thermodynamics</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-856556-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-856556-9"><bdi>0-19-856556-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+to+Z+of+Thermodynamics&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-856556-9&rft.aulast=Perrot&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A9ophile+de+Donder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStruik,_D._J.1930" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Jan_Struik" title="Dirk Jan Struik">Struik, D. J.</a> (1930). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1930-36-01/S0002-9904-1930-04878-8/S0002-9904-1930-04878-8.pdf">"Review: <i>The Mathematical Theory of Relativity</i>, by Th. de Donder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>36</b> (1): 34. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1930-04878-8">10.1090/s0002-9904-1930-04878-8</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Mathematical+Theory+of+Relativity%2C+by+Th.+de+Donder&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=34&rft.date=1930&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1930-04878-8&rft.au=Struik%2C+D.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1930-36-01%2FS0002-9904-1930-04878-8%2FS0002-9904-1930-04878-8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A9ophile+de+Donder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds_Jr.,_C._N.1926" class="citation journal cs1">Reynolds Jr., C. N. (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-05/S0002-9904-1926-04273-7/S0002-9904-1926-04273-7.pdf">"Review: <i>Introduction à la Gravifique einsteinienne</i>, by Th. de Donder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>32</b> (5): 563. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1926-04273-7">10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04273-7</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Introduction+%C3%A0+la+Gravifique+einsteinienne%2C+by+Th.+de+Donder&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=563&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1926-04273-7&rft.au=Reynolds+Jr.%2C+C.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1926-32-05%2FS0002-9904-1926-04273-7%2FS0002-9904-1926-04273-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A9ophile+de+Donder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPage,_Leigh1926" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Page" title="Leigh Page">Page, Leigh</a> (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-02/S0002-9904-1926-04191-4/S0002-9904-1926-04191-4.pdf">"Review: <i>Théorie Mathématique de l'Électricité</i>, by Th. de Donder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1926-04191-4">10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04191-4</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Th%C3%A9orie+Math%C3%A9matique+de+l%27%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9%2C+by+Th.+de+Donder&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=174&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1926-04191-4&rft.au=Page%2C+Leigh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1926-32-02%2FS0002-9904-1926-04191-4%2FS0002-9904-1926-04191-4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A9ophile+de+Donder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds_Jr.,_C._N.1929" class="citation journal cs1">Reynolds Jr., C. N. (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1929-35-06/S0002-9904-1929-04828-6/S0002-9904-1929-04828-6.pdf">"Review: <i>Théorie des Champs Gravifiques</i>, by Th. de Donder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>35</b> (6): 884. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1929-04828-6">10.1090/s0002-9904-1929-04828-6</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Th%C3%A9orie+des+Champs+Gravifiques%2C+by+Th.+de+Donder&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=884&rft.date=1929&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1929-04828-6&rft.au=Reynolds+Jr.%2C+C.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1929-35-06%2FS0002-9904-1929-04828-6%2FS0002-9904-1929-04828-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A9ophile+de+Donder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusemann,_Herbert1937" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Busemann" title="Herbert Busemann">Busemann, Herbert</a> (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1937-43-09/S0002-9904-1937-06582-7/S0002-9904-1937-06582-7.pdf">"Review: <i>Théorie Invariantive du Calcul des Variations</i>, by Th. de Donder"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bull. Amer. Math. Soc</i>. <b>43</b> (9): 598–599. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1937-06582-7">10.1090/s0002-9904-1937-06582-7</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull.+Amer.+Math.+Soc.&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Th%C3%A9orie+Invariantive+du+Calcul+des+Variations%2C+by+Th.+de+Donder&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=598-599&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1090%2Fs0002-9904-1937-06582-7&rft.au=Busemann%2C+Herbert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ams.org%2Fjournals%2Fbull%2F1937-43-09%2FS0002-9904-1937-06582-7%2FS0002-9904-1937-06582-7.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATh%C3%A9ophile+de+Donder" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109139605">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/71470653">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1816156/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmDqq9TXhgTVQdg6DJRrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/141218886">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no98113841">United 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