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class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Cited footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cited_texts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cited_texts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Cited texts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cited_texts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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mw-first-heading"><i>Resolution</i>-class submarine</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99%C3%ADda_Resolution" title="Třída Resolution – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třída Resolution" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution-Klasse" title="Resolution-Klasse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Resolution-Klasse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clase_Resolution" title="Clase Resolution – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clase Resolution" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86" title="زیردریایی کلاس رزولوشن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیردریایی کلاس رزولوشن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Resolution" title="Classe Resolution – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classe Resolution" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%A1%B8%EB%A3%A8%EC%85%98%EA%B8%89_%EC%9E%A0%EC%88%98%ED%95%A8" title="레졸루션급 잠수함 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="레졸루션급 잠수함" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classe_Resolution" title="Classe Resolution – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classe Resolution" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_selam_Kelas_Resolution" title="Kapal selam Kelas Resolution – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapal selam Kelas Resolution" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%BE%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E7%B4%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E6%BD%9C%E6%B0%B4%E8%89%A6" title="レゾリューション級原子力潜水艦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レゾリューション級原子力潜水艦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%99ty_podwodne_typu_Resolution" title="Okręty podwodne typu Resolution – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okręty podwodne typu Resolution" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%BD%C2%BB" title="Подводные лодки типа «Резолюшн» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подводные лодки типа «Резолюшн»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution-luokka" title="Resolution-luokka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Resolution-luokka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%C2%BB" title="Підводні човни типу «Резолюшен» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Підводні човни типу «Резолюшен»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E5%BF%83%E7%BA%A7%E6%A0%B8%E6%BD%9C%E8%89%87" title="决心级核潜艇 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="决心级核潜艇" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q584865#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Royal Navy ballistic missile submarine class</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Repulse_(S23)_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/HMS_Repulse_%28S23%29_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg/300px-HMS_Repulse_%28S23%29_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/HMS_Repulse_%28S23%29_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg/450px-HMS_Repulse_%28S23%29_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/HMS_Repulse_%28S23%29_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg/600px-HMS_Repulse_%28S23%29_in_the_Firth_of_Clyde_c1979.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1036" /></a></span><div><a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(S23)" title="HMS Repulse (S23)"><i>Repulse</i></a> in 1979</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Class overview</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Resolution</i> class</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builders</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Vickers" title="Vickers">Vickers Shipbuilding Ltd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird and Co Ltd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Operators</td><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Succeeded by</td><td><a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i> class</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Built</td><td>1964–1968</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">In service</td><td>1967–1996</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Planned</td><td>5</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>4</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Cancelled</td><td>1</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Active</td><td>0</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Retired</td><td>4</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">Ballistic missile submarine</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Displacement</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">surfaced: 7,500 long tons (7,600 t);</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">submerged: 8,400 long tons (8,500 t)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>425 ft (130 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>33 ft (10 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draught</td><td>30 ft 1 in (9.17 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td>1 × Vickers/Rolls-Royce <a href="/wiki/PWR1" class="mw-redirect" title="PWR1">PWR1</a> pressurised-water nuclear reactor, 27,500 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower#Shaft_horsepower" title="Horsepower">shp</a> (20.5 MW); Propeller.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">surfaced: 20 kn (37 km/h);</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">submerged: 25 kn (46 km/h)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Range</td><td>Unlimited except by food supplies</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Complement</td><td>143 (two crews)</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <b><i>Resolution</i> class</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Ship_class" title="Ship class">class</a> of four nuclear <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hull_classification_symbol#Submarine_type" title="Hull classification symbol">SSBN</a>) built for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/UK_Polaris_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Polaris programme">UK Polaris programme</a>. Each submarine was armed with up to 16 <a href="/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris" title="UGM-27 Polaris">UGM-27 Polaris A-3</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">nuclear missiles</a>. </p><p>The class comprised <a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(S22)" title="HMS Resolution (S22)"><i>Resolution</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(S23)" title="HMS Repulse (S23)"><i>Repulse</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Renown_(S26)" title="HMS Renown (S26)"><i>Renown</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Revenge_(S27)" title="HMS Revenge (S27)"><i>Revenge</i></a>. They were built by <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd">Vickers Armstrong</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a> between 1964 and 1968. All four boats were based at <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Clyde" title="HMNB Clyde">HM Naval Base Clyde (HMS <i>Neptune</i>)</a>, 40 km (25 mi) west of <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, Scotland. </p><p>The <i>Resolution</i> class was the launch platform for the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s strategic <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_deterrent" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear deterrent">nuclear deterrent</a> from the late 1960s until 1996, when it was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i>-class</a> submarine carrying the <a href="/wiki/Trident_(missile)" title="Trident (missile)">Trident II</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Resolution-class_submarine" title="Special:EditPage/Resolution-class submarine">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the 1950s and early 1960s, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s nuclear deterrent was based on the RAF's <a href="/wiki/V-bombers" class="mw-redirect" title="V-bombers">V-bombers</a>. But in the early 1960s developments in <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Surface-to-air missiles">surface-to-air missiles</a> made it clear that <a href="/wiki/Bombers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombers">bombers</a> were becoming vulnerable, and would be unlikely to penetrate Soviet airspace. Free-fall nuclear weapons would no longer be a credible deterrent. </p><p>To address this problem, in May 1960 the British Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Macmillan" title="Harold Macmillan">Harold Macmillan</a> arranged a deal with US President <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> to equip the V bombers with the US-designed <a href="/wiki/AGM-48_Skybolt" class="mw-redirect" title="AGM-48 Skybolt">AGM-48 Skybolt</a>. The Skybolt was a 1,000-mile (1,600 km) range ballistic missile that allowed the launching bombers to remain well away from Soviet defences and launch attacks that would be basically invulnerable. With this range, the V bombers would have to fly only a few hundred miles from their bases before being in range for an attack on <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>. </p><p>Under the agreement the UK's contribution to the programme was limited to developing suitable mounting points on the <a href="/wiki/Avro_Vulcan" title="Avro Vulcan">Avro Vulcan</a> bomber, installing the required guidance systems that fed the missiles updated positioning information, and development of a British version of the US <a href="/wiki/W47" title="W47">W47</a> warhead to arm it, the RE.179 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.skomer.u-net.com/projects/alpha.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518080528/http://www.skomer.u-net.com/projects/alpha.htm">Archived</a> 18 May 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Skybolt_crisis">The Skybolt crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Skybolt crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The incoming <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> administration expressed serious doubts of both Skybolt and the US deterrent force in general. <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> was highly critical of the US bomber fleet, which he saw as obsolete in an age of <a href="/wiki/ICBM" class="mw-redirect" title="ICBM">ICBMs</a>. Skybolt was seen simply as a means of continuing the existence of a system he no longer considered credible, and given the rapidly improving capabilities of ICBM <a href="/wiki/Inertial_guidance" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertial guidance">inertial guidance</a> systems, a precision strike capability with free-fall bombs would no longer be needed. McNamara was equally concerned about the UK also having its own nuclear force, and worried that the US could be drawn into a war by the UK. He wanted to bring the UK into a <a href="/wiki/Dual_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual key">dual-key</a> arrangement. </p><p>McNamara first broached the idea of cancelling Skybolt with the British in November 1962. When this was reported in the House of Commons, a storm of protest broke out. A <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Agreement" title="Nassau Agreement">meeting</a> was arranged to settle the issue, and Macmillan stated in no uncertain terms that the UK would be retaining their independent deterrent capability, no matter what the cost. With development of their Polaris-derived warheads well along, a suitable launch platform would be developed, if need be. </p><p>Faced with a clear failure in policy terms, Kennedy gave up on the idea of strong-arming Britain into accepting a dual-key arrangement. By the end of the <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Agreement" title="Nassau Agreement">series of meetings</a>, the UK had <a href="/wiki/Polaris_Sales_Agreement" title="Polaris Sales Agreement">gained the much more impressive Polaris system</a>, and would start development of a new submarine to launch it. The <a href="/wiki/SSBNs" class="mw-redirect" title="SSBNs">SSBNs</a> would then take over the nuclear deterrent role from the RAF's V bombers from 1968 onwards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two pairs of the boats were ordered in May 1963 from Vickers Shipbuilding Ltd, <a href="/wiki/Barrow_in_Furness" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow in Furness">Barrow in Furness</a> and from Cammell Laird and Co. Ltd, <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a>. The option of buying a fifth unit, planned as <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ramillies" title="HMS Ramillies"><i>Ramillies</i></a>,<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_reference_name_A"><a href="#endnote_reference_name_A">[a]</a></sup> was cancelled in February 1965 as a cost-savings measure by the government of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009104_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> names were used, signifying that they were the <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a> of their time. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering Ltd">Vickers Armstrong</a> in <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a> constructed <i>Resolution</i> and <i>Repulse</i> and <a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birkenhead" title="Birkenhead">Birkenhead</a> constructed <i>Renown</i> and <i>Revenge</i>. The construction was unusual in that the bow and stern were constructed separately before being assembled together with the American-designed missile compartment. </p><p>The design was a modification of the <a href="/wiki/Valiant-class_submarine" title="Valiant-class submarine"><i>Valiant</i>-class</a> fleet submarine, but greatly extended to incorporate the missile compartment between the fin and the nuclear reactor. The length was 130 metres (430 ft), breadth 10.1 metres (33 ft), height 9 metres (30 ft) and the displacement 8,400 long tons (8,500 t) submerged and 7,600 long tons (7,700 t) surfaced. A <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce plc">Rolls-Royce</a> pressurised water reactor (<a href="/wiki/PWR1" class="mw-redirect" title="PWR1">PWR1</a>) and <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="English Electric Company">English Electric Company</a> turbines gave them a speed of 25 knots (46 km/h) and they could dive to depths of 275 metres (902 ft). Sixteen Polaris A3 missiles were carried, in two rows of eight. For emergencies there was a diesel generator and six 533-millimetre (21 in) <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tubes</a> located at the bow, firing the <a href="/wiki/Tigerfish_torpedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigerfish torpedo">Tigerfish wire-guided homing torpedoes</a>. The submarines put to sea with a crew of 143. </p><p>According to former head of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Naval_Constructors" title="Royal Corps of Naval Constructors">Royal Corps of Naval Constructors</a> R.J. Daniel, the <i>Resolution</i>-class SSBNs possessed five features that were envied by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>: the machinery loading hatch, automated hovering system, welded hull valves, standardised valves, and raft-mounted propulsion machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels2004192_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels2004192-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boats_in_class">Boats in class</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Boats in class"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th><a href="/wiki/Pennant_number" title="Pennant number">Pennant</a> </th> <th>Name </th> <th>(a) Hull builder<br />(b) Main machinery manufacturers </th> <th>Ordered </th> <th>Laid down </th> <th>Launched </th> <th>Accepted<br />into service </th> <th>Commissioned </th> <th>Decommissioned </th> <th>Estimated<br />building cost<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>S22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(S22)" title="HMS Resolution (S22)"><i>Resolution</i></a> </td> <td>(a) Vickers Ltd, Shipbuilding Group, Barrow-in-Furness <br />(b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness<br />(b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines)<br />(b) Rolls-Royce and Associates Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-DE1968_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1968-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8 May 1963 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2017451-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>26 February 1964<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 September 1966<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 1967<sup id="cite_ref-DE1968_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1968-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 October 1967<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>22 October 1994 </td> <td>£40.24 million<sup id="cite_ref-DE1968_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1968-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equivalent to £880.62 million in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>S23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(S23)" title="HMS Repulse (S23)"><i>Repulse</i></a> </td> <td>(a) Vickers Ltd, Shipbuilding Group, Barrow-in-Furness <br />(b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness<br />(b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines).<sup id="cite_ref-DE1969_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8 May 1963 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2017451-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>12 March 1965<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4 November 1967<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>October 1968<sup id="cite_ref-DE1969_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28 September 1968<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>28 August 1996 </td> <td>£37.5 million<sup id="cite_ref-DE1969_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equivalent to £779.61 million in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>S26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Renown_(S26)" title="HMS Renown (S26)"><i>Renown</i></a> </td> <td>(a) Cammell Laird & Co (Shipbuilders and Engineers) Ltd, Birkenhead<br />(b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness<br />(b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines).<sup id="cite_ref-DE1969_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8 May 1963 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2017451-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25 June 1964<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>25 February 1967<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>December 1968<sup id="cite_ref-DE1969_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 November 1968<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>24 February 1996 </td> <td>£39.95 million<sup id="cite_ref-DE1969_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equivalent to £830.54 million in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>S27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HMS_Revenge_(S27)" title="HMS Revenge (S27)"><i>Revenge</i></a> </td> <td>(a) Cammell Laird & Co (Shipbuilders and Engineers) Ltd, Birkenhead<br />(b) Vickers Ltd, Engineering Group, Barrow-in-Furness<br />(b) English Electric Co Ltd (turbines).<sup id="cite_ref-DE1970_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1970-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8 May 1963 <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2017451-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>19 May 1965<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>15 March 1968<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>December 1969<sup id="cite_ref-DE1970_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1970-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4 December 1969<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>May 1992 </td> <td>£38.6 million<sup id="cite_ref-DE1970_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DE1970-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (equivalent to £754.16 million in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td> </td> <td><i>Ramillies</i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_reference_name_A"><a href="#endnote_reference_name_A">[a]</a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="6">Cancelled 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_service">Operational service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Operational service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg/220px-British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg/330px-British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg/440px-British_Polaris_fireing_trigger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3686" data-file-height="2276" /></a><figcaption>A training trigger for the Polaris missile system</figcaption></figure> <p>The first to be completed was <i>Resolution</i>, laid down in February 1964 and launched in September 1966. After commissioning in 1967 she underwent a long period of sea trials, culminating in the test firing of a Polaris missile from the USAF Eastern Test Range off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Kennedy">Cape Kennedy</a> at 11:15 on 15 February 1968. <i>Resolution</i> commenced her first operational patrol on 15 June 1968, beginning 28 years of Polaris patrols. The class were part of the <a href="/wiki/10th_Submarine_Squadron_(United_Kingdom)" title="10th Submarine Squadron (United Kingdom)">10th Submarine Squadron</a>, all based at <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Clyde" title="HMNB Clyde">Faslane Naval Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. </p><p>All four of the class underwent conversion during the 1980s so that they could be fitted with the Polaris A3TK missile which was fitted with the British-developed <a href="/wiki/Chevaline" title="Chevaline">Chevaline</a> MRV system. </p><p>As the newer <i>Vanguard</i>-class submarines entered service, the <i>Resolution</i> class was eventually retired and all boats laid up at <a href="/wiki/Rosyth_dockyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosyth dockyard">Rosyth dockyard</a> with their used nuclear fuel removed. All four will eventually be disposed of via MOD's Submarine Dismantling Project (SDP). This project will begin in 2016<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (February 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> with <a href="/wiki/HMS_Swiftsure_(S126)" title="HMS Swiftsure (S126)"><i>Swiftsure</i></a> as the first submarine to prove the technique. The selected method will first remove all Low-level radioactive waste from the vessel, followed by the more radioactive intermediate-level waste. All non-radioactive material in the remainder of the vessel will be recycled for re-use by conventional ship-breaking techniques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refits">Refits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Refits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_(S27)_1983.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_%28S27%29_1983.JPEG/220px-Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_%28S27%29_1983.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_%28S27%29_1983.JPEG/330px-Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_%28S27%29_1983.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_%28S27%29_1983.JPEG/440px-Polaris_missile_launch_from_HMS_Revenge_%28S27%29_1983.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2581" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Polaris missile launch from HMS <i>Revenge</i> in 1983.</figcaption></figure> <p>New methods of project management were used in the refits of the <i>Resolution</i> class, including:<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard26Mar69c298-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>"The appointment of a senior officer of two star rank and with the title of Assistant Controller (Polaris), working under the joint superintendence of the Controller of the Navy and Chief of Fleet Support, whose responsibilities will include the oversight of the preparations for refits of Polaris boats, and their completion;"<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard26Mar69c298-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The delegation to a designated officer (Director, Project Technical Submarines) of the responsibility for drawing up the "work package" for each refit, which will include full design information and documentation;"<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard26Mar69c298-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The use of a fully integrated refit management team at Rosyth, and"<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard26Mar69c298-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The full use of available management techniques and aids, including computers."<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard26Mar69c298-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Resolution_class_submarines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Resolution class submarines">Resolution class submarines</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562" /><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_reference_name_A"><sup>a</sup></span> In the book <i>Silent Deep</i>, Peter Hennessy describes discussion of the R names and states that <i>Royal Sovereign</i> and not <i>Ramillies</i> was the name chosen for the planned fifth boat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHennessy201646_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHennessy201646-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_footnotes">Cited footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cited footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner1995531_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGardiner1995">Gardiner 1995</a>, p. 531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts2009104-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts2009104_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoberts2009">Roberts 2009</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniels2004192-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniels2004192_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniels2004">Daniels 2004</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Unit cost, i.e. excluding cost of certain items (e.g. aircraft, First Outfits)." Text from <i>Defences Estimates</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DE1968-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DE1968_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1968_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1968_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Defence Estimates, 1968–69</i>, page 75, <i>List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31st March 1968</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2017451-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2017451_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2017">Jones 2017</a>, p. 451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">UK <a href="/wiki/Retail_Price_Index" title="Retail Price Index">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/datasets/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MeasuringWorth" title="MeasuringWorth">MeasuringWorth</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fdatasets%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResolution-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DE1969-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DE1969_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1969_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1969_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1969_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1969_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1969_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Defence Estimates, 1969–70</i>, page 75, <i>List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31st March 1969</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DE1970-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DE1970_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1970_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DE1970_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Defence Estimates, 1970–71</i>, page XII-81, <i>List and particulars of new ships which have been accepted or are expected to be accepted into HM service during the Financial Year ended 31st March 1970</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansard26Mar69c298-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard26Mar69c298_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1969/mar/26/hms-resolution-refit">Hansard HC Deb 26 March 1969 vol 780 cc298-9W</a> Response by the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for the Navy <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">(Dr. David Owen)</a> to a question to the Secretary of State for Defence asking him to outline the new methods of project-management involved in the H.M.S. "Resolution" refit at Rosyth in 1970, 26 March 1969.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHennessy201646-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHennessy201646_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHennessy2016">Hennessy 2016</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cited_texts">Cited texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cited texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGardiner1995" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Robert (1995). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995</i>. Conway Maritime Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-605-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-605-1"><bdi>0-85177-605-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conway%27s+All+the+World%27s+Fighting+Ships+1947%E2%80%931995&rft.pub=Conway+Maritime+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-85177-605-1&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResolution-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDaniels2004" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, R. J. (2004). <i>The End of an Era: The Memoirs of a Naval Constructor</i>. Periscope Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904381-18-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-904381-18-9"><bdi>1-904381-18-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+an+Era%3A+The+Memoirs+of+a+Naval+Constructor&rft.pub=Periscope+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-904381-18-9&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResolution-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHennessy2016" class="citation book cs1">Hennessy, Peter (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=miP3BgAAQBAJ&q=hms+royal+sovereign+SSBN&pg=PR46"><i>The Silent Deep: The Royal Navy Submarine Service Since 1945</i></a>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-95948-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-95948-0"><bdi>978-0-241-95948-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Silent+Deep%3A+The+Royal+Navy+Submarine+Service+Since+1945&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-241-95948-0&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmiP3BgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhms%2Broyal%2Bsovereign%2BSSBN%26pg%3DPR46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResolution-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2017" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Matthew (2017). <i>Volume I: From the V-Bomber Era to the Arrival of Polaris, 1945–1964</i>. The Official History of the UK Strategic Nuclear Deterrent. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-67493-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-67493-6"><bdi>978-1-138-67493-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/957683181">957683181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volume+I%3A+From+the+V-Bomber+Era+to+the+Arrival+of+Polaris%2C+1945%E2%80%931964&rft.place=Abingdon%2C+Oxfordshire&rft.series=The+Official+History+of+the+UK+Strategic+Nuclear+Deterrent&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F957683181&rft.isbn=978-1-138-67493-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResolution-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>The Encyclopedia of Warships, From World War Two to the Present Day</i>, General Editor Robert Jackson.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2009" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vObZAwAAQBAJ&q=hms+ramillies+ssbn&pg=PT104"><i>Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy</i></a>. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-043-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-043-7"><bdi>978-1-84832-043-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safeguarding+the+Nation%3A+The+Story+of+the+Modern+Royal+Navy&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-043-7&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvObZAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhms%2Bramillies%2Bssbn%26pg%3DPT104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AResolution-class+submarine" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Resolution-class_submarines588" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Resolution-class_submarines588" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Resolution</i>-class submarines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Renown_(S26)" title="HMS Renown (S26)"><i>Renown</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(S23)" title="HMS Repulse (S23)"><i>Repulse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(S22)" title="HMS Resolution (S22)"><i>Resolution</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Revenge_(S27)" title="HMS Revenge (S27)"><i>Revenge</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Preceded by: <i>None</i></li> <li>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="UK_submarine_classes_after_19451520" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" title="Template:UK submarine classes after 1945"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" title="Template talk:UK submarine classes after 1945"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UK_submarine_classes_after_1945" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UK submarine classes after 1945"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="UK_submarine_classes_after_19451520" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">UK submarine classes after 1945</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">ballistic missile submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Resolution</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought-class_submarine" title="Dreadnought-class submarine"><i>Dreadnought</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Nuclear-powered <a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">attack submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Dreadnought_(S101)" title="HMS Dreadnought (S101)"><i>Dreadnought</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valiant-class_submarine" title="Valiant-class submarine"><i>Valiant</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill-class_submarine" title="Churchill-class submarine"><i>Churchill</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiftsure-class_submarine" title="Swiftsure-class submarine"><i>Swiftsure</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafalgar-class_submarine" title="Trafalgar-class submarine"><i>Trafalgar</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astute-class_submarine" title="Astute-class submarine"><i>Astute</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Conventional-powered attack submarines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphion-class_submarine" title="Amphion-class submarine"><i>Amphion</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Porpoise-class_submarine" title="British Porpoise-class submarine"><i>Porpoise</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon-class_submarine" title="Oberon-class submarine"><i>Oberon</i> class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upholder/Victoria-class_submarine" title="Upholder/Victoria-class submarine"><i>Upholder</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Experimental submarines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Meteorite" title="HMS Meteorite"><i>Meteorite</i></a><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer-class_submarine" title="Explorer-class submarine"><i>Explorer</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stickleback-class_submarine" title="Stickleback-class submarine"><i>Stickleback</i> class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Rescue submarines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/LR5" title="LR5">LR5</a></i><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>S</sup></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>S</dt> <dd>Single boat of class</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarines_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarines of the Royal Navy">List of submarines of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Strategic_nuclear_weapon_systems_of_the_United_Kingdom441" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Strategic_nuclear_weapon_systems_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Strategic nuclear weapon systems of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Strategic_nuclear_weapon_systems_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Strategic nuclear weapon systems of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic_nuclear_weapon_systems_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Strategic nuclear weapon systems of the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Strategic_nuclear_weapon_systems_of_the_United_Kingdom441" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Strategic nuclear weapon systems of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_strategic_nuclear_weapon_systems_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Timeline of strategic nuclear weapon systems of the United Kingdom">Timeline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/V_bomber" title="V bomber">V bomber force</a><br />(1955–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Valiant" title="Vickers Valiant">Vickers Valiant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Vulcan" title="Avro Vulcan">Avro Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Victor" title="Handley Page Victor">Handley Page Victor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Steel_(missile)" title="Blue Steel (missile)">Blue Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAM-87_Skybolt" title="GAM-87 Skybolt">Skybolt</a> (cancelled)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">bomb casings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Danube_(nuclear_weapon)" title="Blue Danube (nuclear weapon)">Blue Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Beard_(nuclear_weapon)" title="Red Beard (nuclear weapon)">Red Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sun_(nuclear_weapon)" title="Yellow Sun (nuclear weapon)">Yellow Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE.177" title="WE.177">WE.177</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">warheads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Danube_(nuclear_weapon)" title="Blue Danube (nuclear weapon)">Mk.1 atom bomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violet_Club" title="Violet Club">Violet Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Herald" title="Orange Herald">Orange Herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bamboo" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Bamboo">Green Bamboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Grass_(nuclear_warhead)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Grass (nuclear warhead)">Green Grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Snow" title="Red Snow">Red Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WE.177" title="WE.177">WE.177</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blue_Streak_(missile)" title="Blue Streak (missile)">Blue Streak</a><br />(1960, cancelled)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">launch site</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile Test Centre, <a href="/wiki/RAF_Spadeadam" title="RAF Spadeadam">RAF Spadeadam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">warheads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Snow" title="Red Snow">Ulysses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polaris_(UK_nuclear_programme)" title="Polaris (UK nuclear programme)">Polaris</a><br />(1968–1996)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch platform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Resolution</i>-class submarine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UGM-27_Polaris" title="UGM-27 Polaris">Polaris A3T and A3TK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">warheads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ET.317" title="ET.317">ET.317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevaline" title="Chevaline">Chevaline upgrade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trident_(UK_nuclear_programme)" title="Trident (UK nuclear programme)">Trident</a><br />(1994–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">launch platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard-class_submarine" title="Vanguard-class submarine"><i>Vanguard</i>-class submarine</a> (1994–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought-class_submarine" title="Dreadnought-class submarine"><i>Dreadnought</i>-class submarine</a> (replacement)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">missile</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UGM-133_Trident_II" title="UGM-133 Trident II">Trident II D5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cancelled projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Water_(missile)" title="Blue Water (missile)">Blue Water missile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Peacock" title="Blue Peacock">Blue Peacock nuclear landmine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>part of the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom">Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&oldid=1261150186">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Resolution-class_submarine&oldid=1261150186</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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