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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Choy+sum%22">"Choy sum"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Choy+sum%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Choy+sum%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Choy+sum%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Choy+sum%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Choy+sum%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above cultivar" style="background:palegreen;">Choy sum <small>(Cantonese)</small><br />Cai xin <small>(Mandarin)</small></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG/220px-Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG/330px-Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG/440px-Choi_Sum_stalks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Choy sum plants, growing on a farm</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></th><td class="infobox-data binominal" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Brassica_rapa" title="Brassica rapa">Brassica rapa</a></i> var. <i>parachinensis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Cultivar group</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;">Chinensis, Pekinensis groups</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, before the 15th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.5em;">Cultivar group members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="min-width:50%;line-height:1.3em;">Many; see text.</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Choy sum (cai xin)</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani" style="font-size: 1rem;">菜心</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">càixīn</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">coi<sup>3</sup>sam<sup>1</sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">càixīn</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tsʰâɪ.ɕín]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">coi<sup>3</sup>sam<sup>1</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsʰɔ̄ːy<span class="wrap"> </span>sɐ́m]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">chhài-sim or<br />tshài-sim</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cai xin" redirects here. For the Chinese media group, see <a href="/wiki/Caixin" title="Caixin">Caixin</a>.</div> <p><b>Choy sum</b> (also spelled <b>choi sum</b>, <b>choi sam</b> in <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>; <b>cai xin</b>, <b>caixin</b> in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a>) is a leafy vegetable commonly used in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a>. It is a member of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Brassica" title="Brassica">Brassica</a></i> of the mustard family, <a href="/wiki/Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Brassica_rapa" title="Brassica rapa">Brassica rapa</a></i> var. <i>parachinensis</i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Brassica_chinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Brassica chinensis">Brassica chinensis</a></i> var. <i>parachinensis</i>). Choy sum is a transliteration of the Cantonese name (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">菜心</span>), which can be literally translated as "heart of the vegetable". Choy sum is also called <b>yu choy</b> (<b>you cai</b> in Standard Mandarin; Chinese: 油菜). It is also known as <b>Chinese flowering cabbage</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choy_sum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Choy sum is a green leafy vegetable similar to <a href="/wiki/Gai_lan" title="Gai lan">gai lan</a>, and can be characterized by the distinct yellow flowers which it bears. Each flower has four yellow, oval to round <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a> with six stamens on fleshy, erect stems which are <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>0.5 to 1 centimetre (<span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> to <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inch) in diameter and 15 to 20 cm (6 to 8 in) tall with light to dark green, and are oval (becomes <a href="/wiki/Leaf_shape" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf shape">acuminate</a> shaped, or basal-shaped near the flowering stage) with slightly serrated margins leaves, which never forms compact heads like the cabbage. Fruits can develop out of cross-pollination or self-pollination, and are <a href="/wiki/Silique" title="Silique">silique</a> structured, that open at maturity through <a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">dehiscence</a> or drying to bare open to brown or black seeds that are small and round in shape. A single pod can bear 4 to 46 seeds. </p><p>The height of the plant varies greatly, ranging from 10 to 40 cm (4 to 16 in) depending on the growing conditions and the variety. Flowering usually appears when there are about 7 to 8 leaves on the plant or about 20 cm (8 in) tall. The bulk of the root system is found within a depth of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">12 cm (<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in) and is confined to a radius of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">12 cm (<span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The whole plant is overall an <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous</a> plant, rarely <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennial</a>, rarely growing into subshrubs. The whole plant consists of a simple or branched (when it is near the flowering stage), leafy structure. It grows best in soil with a minimum <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> level of 5.6, maximum pH level of 7.5.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choy_sum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Choy sum is highly valued as a vegetable in China and Japan. It is commonly consumed in soup, blanched, or stir-fried.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook's_Guide_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook's_Guide-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choy_sum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical choy sum fresh from field in Hainan"><img alt="Typical choy sum fresh from field in Hainan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg/92px-Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg/138px-Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg/184px-Chinese_vegetable_027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2624" data-file-height="3427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical choy sum fresh from field in <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phak_kwangtung905.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Choy sum variety in Thailand, called phàk Kwangtûng (lit: Cantonese cabbage; cabbage of Guangdong)"><img alt="Choy sum variety in Thailand, called phàk Kwangtûng (lit: Cantonese cabbage; cabbage of Guangdong)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Phak_kwangtung905.JPG/162px-Phak_kwangtung905.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Phak_kwangtung905.JPG/242px-Phak_kwangtung905.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Phak_kwangtung905.JPG/323px-Phak_kwangtung905.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="1145" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Choy sum variety in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, called phàk Kwangtûng (lit: <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> cabbage; cabbage of <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Purple choi sum, a choy sum variety in Hong Kong"><img alt="Purple choi sum, a choy sum variety in Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG/174px-Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG/261px-Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG/347px-Purple_Choi_Sum_stalks_besides_ruler.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Purple choi sum, a choy sum variety in Hong Kong</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cooked choy sum in soy sauce in Hong Kong"><img alt="Cooked choy sum in soy sauce in Hong Kong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg/160px-Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg/240px-Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg/320px-Choy_Sum_with_Soy_Sauce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="4140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cooked choy sum in soy sauce in Hong Kong</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choy_sum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_leaf_vegetables" title="List of leaf vegetables">List of leaf vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bok_choy" title="Bok choy">Bok choy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Choy_sum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brassica_rapa_subsp._chinensis_var._parachinensis" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis">Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208152820/http://www.spsnz.com/our-products/asian-vegetables/choy-sum/choy-sum.html">"CHOY SUM | South Pacific Seeds"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spsnz.com/our-products/asian-vegetables/choy-sum/choy-sum.html">the original</a> on 2013-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHOY+SUM+%26%23124%3B+South+Pacific+Seeds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spsnz.com%2Four-products%2Fasian-vegetables%2Fchoy-sum%2Fchoy-sum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChoy+sum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFResources2017" class="citation web cs1">Resources, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and (2017-05-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/vegetables/vegetables-a-z/chinese-flowering-cabbage-choy-sum">"Agriculture"</a>. <i>www.dpi.vic.gov.au</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dpi.vic.gov.au&rft.atitle=Agriculture&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft.aulast=Resources&rft.aufirst=Department+of+Economic+Development%2C+Jobs%2C+Transport+and&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dpi.vic.gov.au%2Fagriculture%2Fhorticulture%2Fvegetables%2Fvegetables-a-z%2Fchinese-flowering-cabbage-choy-sum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChoy+sum" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130226012451/http://www.cqu.edu.au/research/research-organisations/institutes/resource-industries-and-sustainability/centres2/centre-for-plant-and-water-science/research-oxygation%2C-stevia%2C-waste-water%2C-phytoremediation-and-non-invasive-assessment/asian-vegetables/chinese-flowering-cabbage">"CQUniversity Australia - Chinese Flowering Cabbage"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CQUniversity+Australia+-+Chinese+Flowering+Cabbage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cqu.edu.au%2Fresearch%2Fresearch-organisations%2Finstitutes%2Fresource-industries-and-sustainability%2Fcentres2%2Fcentre-for-plant-and-water-science%2Fresearch-oxygation%2C-stevia%2C-waste-water%2C-phytoremediation-and-non-invasive-assessment%2Fasian-vegetables%2Fchinese-flowering-cabbage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChoy+sum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130412063007/http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/B/Brassica_chinensis_var__parachinensis/">"Brassica chinensis var. Parachinensis (Choy Sum)"</a>. <i>zipcodezoo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zipcodezoo.com/Plants/B/Brassica_chinensis_var__parachinensis/">the original</a> on 12 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zipcodezoo.com&rft.atitle=Brassica+chinensis+var.+Parachinensis+%28Choy+Sum%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzipcodezoo.com%2FPlants%2FB%2FBrassica_chinensis_var__parachinensis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChoy+sum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook's_Guide-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cook's_Guide_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton2004" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Wendy (2004). <i>A Cook's Guide to Asian Vegetables</i>. Singapore: Periplus Editions. pp. 44–45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0794600786" title="Special:BookSources/0794600786"><bdi>0794600786</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Cook%27s+Guide+to+Asian+Vegetables&rft.place=Singapore&rft.pages=44-45&rft.pub=Periplus+Editions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0794600786&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChoy+sum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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