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<span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_common_vegetables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_common_vegetables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Some common vegetables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_common_vegetables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nutrition and health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nutrition_and_health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nutrition and health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nutrition_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recommendations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recommendations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Recommendations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recommendations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cultivation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Harvesting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harvesting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Harvesting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harvesting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Top_producers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_producers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Top producers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_producers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vegetable</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 184 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-184" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">184 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="ХэтэрыкӀхэр – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="ХэтэрыкӀхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groente" title="Groente – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groente" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%BCse" title="Gemüse – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gemüse" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8D%E1%89%B5" title="ልፍት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ልፍት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="सब्ज़ी – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सब्ज़ी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خضار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خضار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Բանջարեղէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Բանջարեղէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF" title="শাক-পাচলি – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শাক-পাচলি" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitikan_mitcim" title="Kitikan mitcim – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Kitikan mitcim" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="तरकारी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="तरकारी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temit%E1%BB%B9ngue" title="Temitỹngue – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Temitỹngue" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%99r%C9%99v%C9%99z" title="Tərəvəz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tərəvəz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%84" title="بیتکیسل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیتکیسل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF" title="শাক সবজি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শাক সবজি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%A0i-se" title="Chhài-se – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhài-se" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D3%99" title="Йәшелсә – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәшелсә" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гародніна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гародніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гародніна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гародніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सब्जी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सब्जी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulay" title="Gulay – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gulay" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Зеленчук – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зеленчук" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmias" title="Gmias – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Gmias" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%94%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B" title="སྔོ་ཚལ་ – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྔོ་ཚལ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Povrće" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legumaj" title="Legumaj – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Legumaj" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D2%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хүнэһэнэй ногоон – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүнэһэнэй ногоон" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0%D2%AB%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%C3%A7" title="Пахчаҫимĕç – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пахчаҫимĕç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utanon" title="Utanon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Utanon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenina" title="Zelenina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zelenina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muriwo" title="Muriwo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Muriwo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llysieuyn" title="Llysieuyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llysieuyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8ntsag" title="Grøntsag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grøntsag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruotnasat" title="Ruotnasat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ruotnasat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%BCse" title="Gemüse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gemüse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenina" title="Zelenina – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Zelenina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सागसब्जी – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="सागसब्जी" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6givili" title="Köögivili – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Köögivili" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Λαχανικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λαχανικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legomo" title="Legomo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Legomo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barazki" title="Barazki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Barazki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="تره‌بار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تره‌بار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkaari" title="Tarkaari – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tarkaari" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gume" title="Légume – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Légume" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griente" title="Griente – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Griente" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasra" title="Glasra – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Glasra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C" title="菜 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="菜" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AB%80" title="શાકભાજી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શાકભાજી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhoi" title="Chhoi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhoi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Темсн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Темсн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B1%84%EC%86%8C" title="채소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="채소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayan_miya" title="Kayan miya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kayan miya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BB%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Բանջարեղեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանջարեղեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="सब्ज़ी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सब्ज़ी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenina" title="Zelenina – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Zelenina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Povrće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legumo" title="Legumo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Legumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nateng" title="Nateng – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Nateng" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayur" title="Sayur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sayur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetal" title="Vegetal – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vegetal" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%C3%A6%D1%80%D1%82%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Халсæрттæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Халсæрттæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imifuno" title="Imifuno – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Imifuno" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isilimo" title="Isilimo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isilimo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nmeti" title="Grænmeti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grænmeti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%A7" title="ירק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janganan" title="Janganan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Janganan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat%CA%8A_%C9%96ozi" title="Hatʊ ɖozi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hatʊ ɖozi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ತರಕಾರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತರಕಾರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ბოსტნეული კულტურები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბოსტნეული კულტურები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="سَبزی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سَبزی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Көкөністер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көкөністер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losowen-gegin" title="Losowen-gegin – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Losowen-gegin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imboga" title="Imboga – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Imboga" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mboga" title="Mboga – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mboga" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gim" title="Légim – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Légim" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebze" title="Sebze – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sebze" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Жашылча – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жашылча" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D3%B9_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Кавштавичӹ кушкышвлӓ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кавштавичӹ кушкышвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Ахънилсса – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ахънилсса" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9C%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81" title="ຜັກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຜັກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holus" title="Holus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Holus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%81rzenis" title="Dārzenis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dārzenis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%A9is" title="Geméis – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geméis" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar%C5%BEov%C4%97s" title="Daržovės – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daržovės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verd%C3%BBa" title="Verdûa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Verdûa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greunte" title="Greunte – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Greunte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%C3%BAnda" title="Ndúnda – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ndúnda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejetal" title="Vejetal – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Vejetal" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enva" title="Enva – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Enva" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verd%C3%BCra" title="Verdüra – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Verdüra" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B6lds%C3%A9g" title="Zöldség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zöldség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gh%C3%A2ngan" title="Ghângan – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ghângan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="सागसब्जी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सागसब्जी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Зеленчук – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зеленчук" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legioma" title="Legioma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Legioma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="പച്ചക്കറി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പച്ചക്കറി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="पालेभाजी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पालेभाजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ორტვინული კულტურეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ორტვინული კულტურეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خضار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="خضار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayur" title="Sayur – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sayur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayua" title="Sayua – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sayua" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Перень сёрот – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Перень сёрот" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Хүнсний ногоо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүнсний ногоо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiuhtlacualli" title="Xiuhtlacualli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xiuhtlacualli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakana_draudrau" title="Kakana draudrau – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kakana draudrau" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groente" title="Groente – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groente" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greunte" title="Greunte – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Greunte" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="सागपात – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सागपात" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="तरकारी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तरकारी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E8%8F%9C" title="野菜 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="野菜" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Хасстоьмаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хасстоьмаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C3%BC%C3%BCse" title="Gemüüse – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gemüüse" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nnsak" title="Grønnsak – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grønnsak" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsak" title="Grønsak – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grønsak" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9dgeunme" title="Lédgeunme – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Lédgeunme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legum" title="Legum – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Legum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE" title="ପରିବା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପରିବା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabzavot" title="Sabzavot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sabzavot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80" title="ਸਬਜ਼ੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਬਜ਼ੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dateng" title="Dateng – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Dateng" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="سبزیاں – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سبزیاں" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="سابه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سابه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vejitebl" title="Vejitebl – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Vejitebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82" title="បន្លែ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បន្លែ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledjeume" title="Ledjeume – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ledjeume" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6%C3%B6nt%C3%BC%C3%BCch" title="Grööntüüch – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grööntüüch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warzywa" title="Warzywa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warzywa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume" title="Legume – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Legume" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jem%C3%B6ss" title="Jemöss – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jemöss" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legum%C4%83" title="Legumă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legumă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuyu" title="Yuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Кертовина – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Кертовина" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B8" title="Овощи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Овощи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D2%95%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0" title="Оҕуруот аһа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Оҕуруот аһа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="शाकानि – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शाकानि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%AE_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E" title="ᱵᱟᱲᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱟᱲᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA" title="سبزیاں – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="سبزیاں" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdura" title="Birdura – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Birdura" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merogo" title="Merogo – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Merogo" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perimet" title="Perimet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Perimet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virdura" title="Virdura – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Virdura" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94" title="එළවළු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එළවළු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vegetable" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%8A" title="سبزي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سبزي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenina" title="Zelenina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zelenina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenjava" title="Zelenjava – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zelenjava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khudaar" title="Khudaar – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Khudaar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%95" title="سەوزە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەوزە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%9B%D0%B5" title="Поврће – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поврће" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povr%C4%87e" title="Povrće – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Povrće" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayuran" title="Sayuran – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sayuran" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihannes" title="Vihannes – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vihannes" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6nsaker" title="Grönsaker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grönsaker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulay" title="Gulay – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gulay" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF" title="காய்கறி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காய்கறி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acaka" title="Acaka – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Acaka" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izegza" title="Izegza – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Izegza" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%87%D3%99_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Яшелчә культуралары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яшелчә культуралары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కూరగాయలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కూరగాయలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="ผัก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผัก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Сабзавот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сабзавот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebze" title="Sebze – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sebze" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%96" title="Овочі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Овочі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="سبزی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سبزی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%86%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="كۆكتاتنىڭ رولى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۆكتاتنىڭ رولى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byaek" title="Byaek – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Byaek" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdura" title="Verdura – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Verdura" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maplodud" title="Maplodud – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Maplodud" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rau" title="Rau – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rau" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groensel" title="Groensel – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Groensel" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utanon" title="Utanon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Utanon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%AC%E8%8F%9C" title="蔬菜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="蔬菜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92" title="גרינצייג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרינצייג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%9C" title="菜 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="菜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar%C5%BEuov%C4%97" title="Daržuovė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Daržuovė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%94%AC%E8%8F%9C" title="蔬菜 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蔬菜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulay" title="Gulay – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Gulay" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engkayu" title="Engkayu – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Engkayu" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%94%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Желєнява – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Желєнява" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11004#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Edible plant part consumed as food</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Vegetable (disambiguation)">Vegetable (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Veggie" and "Veg" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Veggie_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Veggie (disambiguation)">Veggie (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/VEG_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="VEG (disambiguation)">Veg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marketvegetables.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Marketvegetables.jpg/220px-Marketvegetables.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Marketvegetables.jpg/330px-Marketvegetables.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Marketvegetables.jpg/440px-Marketvegetables.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Vegetables in a <a href="/wiki/Market_(place)" class="mw-redirect" title="Market (place)">market</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg/220px-Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg/330px-Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg/440px-Vegetables_for_sale_in_a_market_in_France.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Vegetables for sale in a market in France</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vegetables</b> are parts of <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> that are consumed by humans or other animals as <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a>. The original meaning is still commonly used and is applied to plants collectively to refer to all edible plant matter, including the <a href="/wiki/Edible_flower" title="Edible flower">flowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edible_plant_stem" title="Edible plant stem">stems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">leaves</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_root_vegetables" class="mw-redirect" title="List of root vegetables">roots</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_edible_seeds" title="List of edible seeds">seeds</a>. An alternative definition of the term is applied somewhat arbitrarily, often by culinary and cultural tradition. It may exclude foods derived from some plants that are fruits, <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereal</a> grains, but include savoury fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Courgette" class="mw-redirect" title="Courgette">courgettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flowers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>, and seeds such as <a href="/wiki/Pulse_(legume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse (legume)">pulses</a>. </p><p>Originally, vegetables were collected from the wild by <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> and entered cultivation in several parts of the world, probably during the period 10,000 BC to 7,000 BC, when a new <a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">agricultural way of life</a> developed. At first, plants that grew locally were cultivated, but as time went on, trade brought common and exotic crops from elsewhere to add to domestic types. Nowadays, most vegetables are grown all over the world as climate permits, and crops may be cultivated in protected environments in less suitable locations. <a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_China" title="Agriculture in China">China</a> is the largest producer of vegetables, and global trade in agricultural products allows consumers to purchase vegetables grown in faraway countries. The scale of production varies from <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">subsistence farmers</a> supplying the needs of their family for food, to <a href="/wiki/Agribusiness" title="Agribusiness">agribusinesses</a> with vast acreages of single-product crops. Depending on the type of vegetable concerned, harvesting the crop is followed by grading, storing, processing, and marketing. </p><p>Vegetables can be eaten either raw or cooked and play an important role in human nutrition, being mostly low in fat and carbohydrates, but high in vitamins, minerals and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>. Many nutritionists encourage people to consume plenty of fruit and vegetables, five or more portions a day often being recommended. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vegetable" class="extiw" title="wikt:vegetable">vegetable</a></i> was first recorded in English in the early 15th century. It comes from <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was originally applied to all plants; the word is still used in this sense in biological contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-swedenborg_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swedenborg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It derives from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <i>vegetabilis</i> "growing, flourishing" (i.e. of a plant), a semantic change from a <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> meaning "to be enlivening, quickening".<sup id="cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The meaning of "vegetable" as a "plant grown for food" was not established until the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1767, the word was specifically used to mean a "plant cultivated for food, an edible herb or root". The year 1955 saw the first use of the shortened, slang term "veggie".<sup id="cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a>, the word <i>vegetable</i> is used in scientific and technical contexts with a different and much broader meaning, namely of "related to plants" in general, edible or not—as in <i>vegetable matter</i>, <i>vegetable kingdom</i>, <i>vegetable origin</i>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-swedenborg_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swedenborg-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fruit#Botanical_vs._culinary" title="Fruit">Fruit § Botanical vs. culinary</a></div> <p>The exact definition of "vegetable" may vary simply because of the many parts of a plant consumed as food worldwide—roots, stems, leaves, flowers, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a>, and seeds. The broadest definition is the word's use adjectivally to mean "matter of plant origin". More specifically, a vegetable may be defined as "any plant, part of which is used for food",<sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a secondary meaning then being "the edible part of such a plant".<sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary.com-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more precise definition is "any plant part consumed for food that is not a fruit or seed, but including mature fruits that are eaten as part of a main meal".<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iarc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iarc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falling outside these definitions are edible fungi (such as <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">edible mushrooms</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Edible_seaweed" title="Edible seaweed">edible seaweed</a> which, although not parts of <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a>, are often treated as vegetables.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FruitArrangement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/FruitArrangement.jpg/220px-FruitArrangement.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/FruitArrangement.jpg/330px-FruitArrangement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/FruitArrangement.jpg/440px-FruitArrangement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>An arrangement of fruits commonly thought of as culinary vegetables, including <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn (maize)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Squash_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (fruit)">squash</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the latter-mentioned definition of "vegetable", which is used in everyday language, the words "fruit" and "vegetable" are mutually exclusive. "Fruit" has a precise <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical</a> meaning, being a part that developed from the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a>. This is considerably different from the word's culinary meaning. While <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">oranges</a> are "fruit" in both senses, many items commonly called "vegetables", such as <a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell peppers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, are botanically fruits. The <a href="/wiki/Tomato#Fruit_versus_vegetable" title="Tomato">question of whether the tomato is a fruit or a vegetable</a> found its way into the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a> in 1893. The court ruled unanimously in <i><a href="/wiki/Nix_v._Hedden" title="Nix v. Hedden">Nix v. Hedden</a></i> that a tomato is correctly identified as, and thus taxed as, a vegetable, for the purposes of the <a href="/wiki/Tariff_of_1883" title="Tariff of 1883">Tariff of 1883</a> on imported produce. The court did acknowledge, however, that, botanically speaking, a tomato is a fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Before the advent of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, humans were <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a>. They foraged for edible fruit, nuts, stems, leaves, <a href="/wiki/Corms" class="mw-redirect" title="Corms">corms</a>, and tubers and <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunted</a> animals for food.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest gardening</a> in a tropical jungle clearing is thought to be the first example of agriculture; useful plant species were identified and encouraged to grow while undesirable species were removed. Plant breeding through the selection of strains with desirable traits such as large fruit and vigorous growth soon followed.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the first evidence for the domestication of grasses such as wheat and barley has been found in the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a> in the Middle East, it is likely that various peoples around the world started growing crops in the period 10,000 BC to 7,000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">Subsistence agriculture</a> continues to this day, with many rural farmers in Africa, Asia, South America, and elsewhere using their plots of land to produce enough food for their families, while any surplus produce is used for exchange for other goods.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout recorded history, the rich have been able to afford a varied diet including meat, vegetables and fruit, but for poor people, meat was a luxury and the food they ate was very dull, typically comprising mainly some <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple</a> product made from rice, rye, barley, wheat, millet or maize. The addition of vegetable matter provided some variety to the diet. The staple diet of the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a> in Central America was <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> and they cultivated <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum">peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squashes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Amaranth" title="Amaranth">amaranth</a> seeds to supplement their <a href="/wiki/Tortilla" title="Tortilla">tortillas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a>. In Peru, the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Incas</a> subsisted on maize in the lowlands and potatoes at higher altitudes. They also used seeds from <a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">quinoa</a>, supplementing their diet with peppers, tomatoes, and avocados.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/History_of_China#Ancient_China" title="History of China">Ancient China</a>, rice was the staple crop in the south and wheat in the north, the latter made into <a href="/wiki/Dumpling" title="Dumpling">dumplings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pancake" title="Pancake">pancakes</a>. Vegetables used to accompany these included <a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybeans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broad_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad bean">broad beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_onion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring onion">spring onions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>. The diet of the ancient Egyptians was based on <a href="/wiki/Bread" title="Bread">bread</a>, often contaminated with sand which wore away their teeth. Meat was a luxury but fish was more plentiful. These were accompanied by a range of vegetables including marrows, broad beans, lentils, onions, leeks, garlic, radishes, and lettuces.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mainstay of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> diet was bread, and this was accompanied by goat's cheese, olives, figs, fish, and occasionally meat. The vegetables grown included onions, garlic, cabbages, melons, and lentils.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a>, a thick porridge was made of <a href="/wiki/Emmer_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmer wheat">emmer wheat</a> or beans, accompanied by green vegetables but little meat, and fish was not esteemed. The Romans grew broad beans, peas, onions and turnips and ate the leaves of <a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beets</a> rather than their roots.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Some_common_vegetables">Some common vegetables</h2></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="6">Some common vegetables </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width:125px;" class="unsortable">Image </th> <th style="" class="unsortable">Species </th> <th style="" class="unsortable">Parts used </th> <th style="" class="unsortable">Origin </th> <th style="" class="unsortable">Cultivars </th> <th style="">World production<br />(×10<sup>6</sup> tons, 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg/125px-Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg/188px-Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg/250px-Filoma-Kohl_vor_der_Ernte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Brassica_oleracea" title="Brassica oleracea">Brassica oleracea</a></i></td> <td>leaves, <a href="/wiki/Axillary_bud" title="Axillary bud">axillary buds</a>, stems, flower heads</td> <td>Europe</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels_sprouts" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels sprouts">Brussels sprouts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cauliflower" title="Cauliflower">cauliflower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broccoli" title="Broccoli">broccoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kale" title="Kale">kale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohlrabi" title="Kohlrabi">kohlrabi</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Red_cabbage" title="Red cabbage">red cabbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoy_cabbage" title="Savoy cabbage">Savoy cabbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_broccoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese broccoli">Chinese broccoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collard_greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Collard greens">collard greens</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right" rowspan="2">69.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turnip_2622027.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Turnip_2622027.jpg/125px-Turnip_2622027.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Turnip_2622027.jpg/188px-Turnip_2622027.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Turnip_2622027.jpg/250px-Turnip_2622027.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1279" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Brassica_rapa" title="Brassica rapa">Brassica rapa</a></i></td> <td>root, leaves</td> <td>Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turnip" title="Turnip">turnip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cabbage" title="Chinese cabbage">Chinese cabbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napa_cabbage" title="Napa cabbage">napa cabbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bok_choy" title="Bok choy">bok choy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Raphanus_sativus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Raphanus_sativus.jpg/125px-Raphanus_sativus.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Raphanus_sativus.jpg/188px-Raphanus_sativus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Raphanus_sativus.jpg/250px-Raphanus_sativus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Raphanus sativus</i></td> <td>root, leaves, seed pods, seed oil, sprouting</td> <td>Southeastern Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">radish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daikon" title="Daikon">daikon</a>, seedpod varieties </td> <td style="text-align:right"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:7carrots.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/7carrots.jpg/125px-7carrots.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/7carrots.jpg/188px-7carrots.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/7carrots.jpg/250px-7carrots.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Daucus carota</i></td> <td>root, leaves, stems</td> <td>Persia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carrot" title="Carrot">carrot</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">40.0<sup id="cite_ref-carrot_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carrot-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CDC_parsnip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/CDC_parsnip.jpg/125px-CDC_parsnip.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/CDC_parsnip.jpg/188px-CDC_parsnip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/CDC_parsnip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Pastinaca sativa</i></td> <td>root</td> <td>Eurasia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parsnip" title="Parsnip">parsnip</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg/125px-Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg/188px-Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg/250px-Uncommon_beetroot_colours.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2945" data-file-height="1764" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beta_vulgaris" title="Beta vulgaris">Beta vulgaris</a></i></td> <td>root, leaves</td> <td>Europe and Near East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beetroot" title="Beetroot">beetroot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_beet" title="Sea beet">sea beet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_chard" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss chard">Swiss chard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet" title="Sugar beet">sugar beet</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right"> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kropsla_herfst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kropsla_herfst.jpg/125px-Kropsla_herfst.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kropsla_herfst.jpg/188px-Kropsla_herfst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Kropsla_herfst.jpg/250px-Kropsla_herfst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="607" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Lactuca sativa</i></td> <td>leaves, stems, seed oil</td> <td>Egypt</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celtuce" title="Celtuce">celtuce</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">27.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bohne_z01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bohne_z01.JPG/125px-Bohne_z01.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bohne_z01.JPG/188px-Bohne_z01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Bohne_z01.JPG/250px-Bohne_z01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris" title="Phaseolus vulgaris">Phaseolus vulgaris</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_coccineus" title="Phaseolus coccineus">Phaseolus coccineus</a></i><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Phaseolus_lunatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaseolus lunatus">Phaseolus lunatus</a></i></td> <td>pods, seeds</td> <td>Central and South America</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Green_bean" title="Green bean">green bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="French bean">French bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Runner_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Runner bean">runner bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haricot_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Haricot bean">haricot bean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima_bean" title="Lima bean">Lima bean</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">55.1<sup id="cite_ref-dry_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dry-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg/125px-Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg/188px-Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg/250px-Tuinboon_zaden_in_peul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="765" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Vicia faba</i></td> <td>pods, seeds</td> <td>Mediterranean and Middle East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broad_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad bean">broad bean</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg/125px-NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg/188px-NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg/250px-NCI_peas_in_pod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1344" data-file-height="680" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Pisum sativum</i></td> <td>pods, seeds, sprouts</td> <td>Mediterranean and Middle East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pea" title="Pea">pea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snap_pea" title="Snap pea">snap pea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snow_pea" title="Snow pea">snow pea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Split_pea" title="Split pea">split pea</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">34.7<sup id="cite_ref-dry_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dry-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg/125px-Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg/188px-Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg/250px-Various_types_of_potatoes_for_sale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Solanum tuberosum</i></td> <td>tubers</td> <td>South America</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potato</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">368.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aubergine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aubergine.jpg/125px-Aubergine.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aubergine.jpg/188px-Aubergine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aubergine.jpg/250px-Aubergine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Solanum melongena</i></td> <td>fruits</td> <td>South and East Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eggplant" title="Eggplant">eggplant</a> (aubergine) </td> <td style="text-align:right">54.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_je.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/125px-Tomato_je.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/188px-Tomato_je.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tomato_je.jpg/250px-Tomato_je.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1497" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Solanum lycopersicum</i></td> <td>fruits</td> <td>South America</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomato</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_cultivars" title="List of tomato cultivars">list of tomato cultivars</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">182.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Og%C3%B3rki...jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Og%C3%B3rki...jpg/125px-Og%C3%B3rki...jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Og%C3%B3rki...jpg/188px-Og%C3%B3rki...jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Og%C3%B3rki...jpg/250px-Og%C3%B3rki...jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Cucumis sativus</i></td> <td>fruits</td> <td>Southern Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">cucumber</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_cucumber_varieties" title="List of cucumber varieties">list of cucumber varieties</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">75.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg/125px-Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg/188px-Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg/250px-Pumpkins_Hancock_Shaker_village_2418.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Cucurbita spp.</i></td> <td>fruits, flowers</td> <td>Mesoamerica</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin" title="Pumpkin">pumpkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">marrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zucchini" title="Zucchini">zucchini</a> (courgette), <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">27.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Onions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Onions.jpg/125px-Onions.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Onions.jpg/188px-Onions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Onions.jpg/250px-Onions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Allium cepa</i></td> <td>bulbs, leaves</td> <td>Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_onion" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring onion">spring onion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">scallion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">shallot</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_onion_cultivars" title="List of onion cultivars">list of onion cultivars</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">102.2<sup id="cite_ref-dry_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dry-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Garlic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Garlic.jpg/125px-Garlic.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Garlic.jpg/188px-Garlic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Garlic.jpg/250px-Garlic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2193" data-file-height="1530" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Allium sativum</i></td> <td>bulbs</td> <td>Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">28.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Leek.jpg/125px-Leek.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Leek.jpg/188px-Leek.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Leek.jpg/250px-Leek.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Allium ampeloprasum</i></td> <td>leaf sheaths</td> <td>Europe and Middle East</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leek" title="Leek">leek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elephant_garlic" title="Elephant garlic">elephant garlic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg/125px-Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg/188px-Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg/250px-Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">Capsicum annuum</a></i></td> <td>fruits</td> <td>North and South America</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Capsicum_annuum" title="Capsicum annuum">pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" title="Bell pepper">bell pepper</a>, sweet pepper </td> <td style="text-align:right">40.9<sup id="cite_ref-dry_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dry-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Espinac_5nov.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Espinac_5nov.JPG/125px-Espinac_5nov.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Espinac_5nov.JPG/188px-Espinac_5nov.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Espinac_5nov.JPG/250px-Espinac_5nov.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Spinacia oleracea</i></td> <td>leaves</td> <td>Central and southwestern Asia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">26.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dioscorea_polystachya_(batatas).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dioscorea_polystachya_%28batatas%29.jpg/125px-Dioscorea_polystachya_%28batatas%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dioscorea_polystachya_%28batatas%29.jpg/188px-Dioscorea_polystachya_%28batatas%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Dioscorea_polystachya_%28batatas%29.jpg/250px-Dioscorea_polystachya_%28batatas%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="906" data-file-height="632" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Dioscorea spp.</i></td> <td>tubers</td> <td>Tropical Africa</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yam_(vegetable)" title="Yam (vegetable)">yam</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">72.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG/125px-Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG/188px-Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG/250px-Ipomoea_batatas_006.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2146" data-file-height="1611" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Ipomoea batatas</i></td> <td>tubers, leaves, shoots</td> <td>Central and South America</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_sweet_potato_cultivars" title="List of sweet potato cultivars">list of sweet potato cultivars</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">91.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg/125px-Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg/188px-Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg/250px-Manihot_esculenta_dsc07325.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Manihot esculenta</i></td> <td>tubers</td> <td>South America</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">277.8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-carrot-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carrot_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes both carrots and turnips.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dry-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dry_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dry_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dry_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dry_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sum of production of dry and green vegetables.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition_and_health">Nutrition and health</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg/220px-Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg/330px-Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg/440px-Ipomoea_stir_fry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Southeast Asian-style stir-fried <i><a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_aquatica" title="Ipomoea aquatica">Ipomoea aquatica</a></i> in chili and <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg/220px-Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg/330px-Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg/440px-Vegetable_Cart_in_Guntur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Vegetables (and some <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>) for sale on a street in <a href="/wiki/Guntur" title="Guntur">Guntur</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vegetables play an important role in human nutrition. Most are low in fat and calories but are bulky and filling.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They supply dietary fiber and are important sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. Particularly important are the antioxidant vitamins <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">C</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">E</a>. When vegetables are included in the diet, there is found to be a reduction in the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic ailments.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Terry2011_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terry2011-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Research has shown that, compared with individuals who eat less than three servings of fruits and vegetables each day, those that eat more than five servings have an approximately twenty percent lower risk of developing coronary heart disease or stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-Harvard_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvard-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutritional</a> content of vegetables varies considerably; some contain useful amounts of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> though generally they contain little <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Li2008_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li2008-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and varying proportions of <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">vitamin B<sub>6</sub></a>; <a href="/wiki/Provitamin" title="Provitamin">provitamins</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">dietary minerals</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrates</a>. </p><p>The consumption of <a href="/wiki/Crunchiness" title="Crunchiness">crunchy</a> and hard to chew foods, such as raw vegetables, during youth, while the bones are still growing, is needed for the human's, and other animals', jaws' proper development, and without their consumption, the jaws do not grow to their full size, thus not leaving enough room for the teeth to grow in correctly, causing <a href="/wiki/Malocclusion" title="Malocclusion">crooked</a> and <a href="/wiki/Impacted_wisdom_teeth" title="Impacted wisdom teeth">impacted</a> teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, vegetables often also contain <a href="/wiki/Toxin" title="Toxin">toxins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antinutrient" title="Antinutrient">antinutrients</a> which interfere with the absorption of nutrients. These include <a href="/wiki/Solanine" title="Solanine">α-solanine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaconine" title="Chaconine">α-chaconine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">enzyme inhibitors</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Cholinesterase" title="Cholinesterase">cholinesterase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amylase" title="Amylase">amylase</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Cyanide" title="Cyanide">cyanide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linamarin" title="Linamarin">cyanide precursors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxalic_acid" title="Oxalic acid">oxalic acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tannin" title="Tannin">tannins</a> and others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These toxins are natural defenses, used to ward off the insects, predators and fungi that might attack the plant. Some beans contain <a href="/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin" title="Phytohaemagglutinin">phytohaemagglutinin</a>, and cassava roots contain <a href="/wiki/Cyanogenic_glycoside" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyanogenic glycoside">cyanogenic glycoside</a> as do <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">bamboo shoots</a>. These toxins can be deactivated by adequate cooking. Green potatoes contain <a href="/wiki/Glycoalkaloid" title="Glycoalkaloid">glycoalkaloids</a> and should be avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fruit and vegetables, particularly leafy vegetables, have been implicated in nearly half the <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">gastrointestinal infections</a> caused by <a href="/wiki/Norovirus" title="Norovirus">norovirus</a> in the United States. These foods are commonly eaten raw and may become contaminated during their preparation by an infected food handler. Hygiene is important when handling foods to be eaten raw, and such products need to be properly cleaned, handled, and stored to limit contamination.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recommendations">Recommendations</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetable_consumption_per_capita,_OWID.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vegetable_consumption_per_capita%2C_OWID.svg/350px-Vegetable_consumption_per_capita%2C_OWID.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vegetable_consumption_per_capita%2C_OWID.svg/525px-Vegetable_consumption_per_capita%2C_OWID.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vegetable_consumption_per_capita%2C_OWID.svg/700px-Vegetable_consumption_per_capita%2C_OWID.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Vegetable consumption per capita in 2013<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends consuming five to nine servings of fruit and vegetables daily.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total amount consumed will vary according to age and gender, and is determined based upon the standard portion sizes typically consumed, as well as general nutritional content. Potatoes are not included in the count as they are mainly providers of starch. For most vegetables and vegetable juices, one serving is half of a cup and can be eaten raw or cooked. For leafy greens, such as <a href="/wiki/Lettuce" title="Lettuce">lettuce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinach" title="Spinach">spinach</a>, a single serving is typically a full cup.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A variety of products should be chosen as no single fruit or vegetable provides all the nutrients needed for health.<sup id="cite_ref-Harvard_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvard-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>International dietary guidelines are similar to the ones established by the USDA. <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, for example, recommends the consumption of five to six servings of vegetables daily.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French recommendations provide similar guidelines and set the daily goal at five servings.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, the daily recommendation for adults is 275 grams (9.7 oz) of vegetables per day.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerala_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerala-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_garden" title="Kitchen garden">Kitchen garden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_farming" title="Vegetable farming">Vegetable farming</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_(10672860713).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_%2810672860713%29.jpg/220px-AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_%2810672860713%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_%2810672860713%29.jpg/330px-AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_%2810672860713%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_%2810672860713%29.jpg/440px-AUSAID_SOUTH_AFRICA_%2810672860713%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Growing vegetables in South Africa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg/220px-Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg/330px-Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d7/Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg/440px-Povrce_iz_vrta.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Fresh vegetables from garden in <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vegetables have been part of the human diet from <a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">time immemorial</a>. Some are staple foods but most are accessory foodstuffs, adding variety to meals with their unique flavors and at the same time, adding nutrients necessary for health. Some vegetables are <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennials</a> but most are <a href="/wiki/Annual_plant" title="Annual plant">annuals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biennial_plant" title="Biennial plant">biennials</a>, usually harvested within a year of sowing or planting. Whatever system is used for growing crops, cultivation follows a similar pattern; preparation of the soil by loosening it, removing or burying weeds, and adding organic manures or fertilisers; sowing seeds or planting young plants; tending the crop while it grows to reduce weed competition, control pests, and provide sufficient water; harvesting the crop when it is ready; sorting, storing, and marketing the crop or eating it fresh from the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-RHS_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHS-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Different soil types suit different crops, but in general in temperate climates, sandy soils dry out fast but warm up quickly in the spring and are suitable for early crops, while heavy clays retain moisture better and are more suitable for late season crops. The growing season can be lengthened by the use of <a href="/wiki/Horticultural_fleece" title="Horticultural fleece">fleece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloche_(agriculture)" title="Cloche (agriculture)">cloches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_mulch" title="Plastic mulch">plastic mulch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polytunnel" title="Polytunnel">polytunnels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RHS_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHS-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In hotter regions, the production of vegetables is constrained by the climate, especially the pattern of rainfall, while in temperate zones, it is constrained by the temperature and day length.<sup id="cite_ref-Field_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Field-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg/220px-John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg/330px-John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg/440px-John_Deere_tractor_between_cabbage_rows.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="1477" /></a><figcaption>Weeding cabbages in Colorado, US</figcaption></figure> <p>On a domestic scale, the spade, fork, and hoe are the tools of choice while on commercial farms a range of mechanical equipment is available. Besides tractors, these include <a href="/wiki/Plough" title="Plough">ploughs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrow_(tool)" title="Harrow (tool)">harrows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drill_(agriculture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drill (agriculture)">drills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transplanter" title="Transplanter">transplanters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultivator" title="Cultivator">cultivators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> equipment, and <a href="/wiki/Forage_harvester" title="Forage harvester">harvesters</a>. New techniques are changing the cultivation procedures involved in growing vegetables with computer monitoring systems, <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> locators, and self-steer programs for driverless machines giving economic benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-Field_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Field-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harvesting">Harvesting</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg/220px-Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg/330px-Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg/440px-Harvesting_-_geograph.org.uk_-_290336.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Harvesting beetroot in the United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p>When a vegetable is harvested, it is cut off from its source of water and nourishment. It continues to transpire and loses moisture as it does so, a process most noticeable in the wilting of green leafy crops. Harvesting root vegetables when they are fully mature improves their storage life, but alternatively, these root crops can be left in the ground and harvested over an extended period. The harvesting process should seek to minimise damage and bruising to the crop. Onions and garlic can be dried for a few days in the field and root crops such as potatoes benefit from a short maturation period in warm, moist surroundings, during which time wounds heal and the skin thickens up and hardens. Before marketing or storage, grading needs to be done to remove damaged goods and select produce according to its quality, size, ripeness, and color.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixie_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage">Storage</h3></div> <p>All vegetables benefit from proper post harvest care. A large proportion of vegetables and perishable foods are lost after harvest during the storage period. These losses may be as high as thirty to fifty percent in developing countries where adequate cold storage facilities are not available. The main causes of loss include spoilage caused by moisture, moulds, micro-organisms, and vermin.<sup id="cite_ref-PrakashGarg_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrakashGarg-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerooide_aardappels.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gerooide_aardappels.JPG/220px-Gerooide_aardappels.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gerooide_aardappels.JPG/330px-Gerooide_aardappels.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Gerooide_aardappels.JPG/440px-Gerooide_aardappels.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Temporary storage of potatoes in the Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <p>Storage can be short-term or long-term. Most vegetables are perishable and short-term storage for a few days provides flexibility in marketing. During storage, leafy vegetables lose <a href="/wiki/Moisture" title="Moisture">moisture</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">vitamin C</a> in them degrades rapidly. A few products such as potatoes and onions have better keeping qualities and can be sold when higher prices may be available, and by extending the marketing season, a greater total volume of crop can be sold. If refrigerated storage is not available, the priority for most crops is to store high-quality produce, to maintain a high humidity level, and to keep the produce in the shade.<sup id="cite_ref-Dixie_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dixie-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proper post-harvest storage aimed at extending and ensuring shelf life is best effected by efficient <a href="/wiki/Cold_chain" title="Cold chain">cold chain</a> application.<sup id="cite_ref-pxk_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pxk-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cold storage is particularly useful for vegetables such as cauliflower, eggplant, lettuce, radish, spinach, potatoes, and tomatoes, the optimum temperature depending on the type of produce. There are temperature-controlling technologies that do not require the use of electricity such as evaporative cooling.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storage of fruit and vegetables in controlled atmospheres with high levels of carbon dioxide or high oxygen levels can inhibit microbial growth and extend storage life.<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The irradiation of vegetables and other agricultural produce by <a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a> can be used to preserve it from both microbial infection and insect damage, as well as from physical deterioration. It can extend the storage life of food without noticeably changing its properties.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservation">Preservation</h3></div> <p>The objective of preserving vegetables is to extend their availability for consumption or marketing purposes. The aim is to harvest the food at its maximum state of palatability and nutritional value, and preserve these qualities for an extended period. The main causes of deterioration in vegetables after they are gathered are the actions of naturally-occurring <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a> and the spoilage caused by <a href="/wiki/Micro-organism" class="mw-redirect" title="Micro-organism">micro-organisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MAFF_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAFF-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canning and freezing are the most commonly used techniques, and vegetables preserved by these methods are generally similar in nutritional value to comparable fresh products with regards to <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">vitamin E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary element">minerals</a>. and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg/220px-Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg/330px-Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg/440px-Bean_field_Seabrook_Farm1a33785v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="929" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>Bean field and canning factory, New Jersey, US</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a> is a process during which the enzymes in vegetables are deactivated and the micro-organisms present killed by heat. The sealed can excludes air from the foodstuff to prevent subsequent deterioration. The lowest necessary heat and the minimum processing time are used in order to prevent the mechanical breakdown of the product and to preserve the flavor as far as is possible. The can is then able to be stored at ambient temperatures for a long period.<sup id="cite_ref-MAFF_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAFF-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Freezing</a> vegetables and maintaining their temperature at below −10 °C (14 °F) will prevent their spoilage for a short period, whereas a temperature of −18 °C (0 °F) is required for longer-term storage. The enzyme action will merely be inhibited, and <a href="/wiki/Blanching_(cooking)" title="Blanching (cooking)">blanching</a> of suitably sized prepared vegetables before freezing mitigates this and prevents off-flavors developing. Not all micro-organisms will be killed at these temperatures and after thawing the vegetables should be used promptly because otherwise, any microbes present may proliferate.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun-dried_tomatoes_(4694706270).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun-dried_tomatoes_%284694706270%29.jpg/220px-Sun-dried_tomatoes_%284694706270%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun-dried_tomatoes_%284694706270%29.jpg/330px-Sun-dried_tomatoes_%284694706270%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun-dried_tomatoes_%284694706270%29.jpg/440px-Sun-dried_tomatoes_%284694706270%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="1863" /></a><figcaption>Sun-drying tomatoes in Greece</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditionally, <a href="/wiki/Drying_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drying (food)">sun drying</a> has been used for some products such as tomatoes, mushrooms, and beans, spreading the produce on racks and turning the crop at intervals. This method suffers from several disadvantages including lack of control over drying rates, spoilage when drying is slow, contamination by dirt, wetting by rain, and attack by rodents, birds, and insects. These disadvantages can be alleviated by using <a href="/wiki/Solar_power" title="Solar power">solar powered</a> driers.<sup id="cite_ref-PrakashGarg_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrakashGarg-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dried produce must be prevented from reabsorbing moisture during storage.<sup id="cite_ref-MAFF_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAFF-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>High levels of both <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> can preserve food by preventing micro-organisms from growing. Green beans can be salted by layering the pods with salt, but this method of preservation is unsuited to most vegetables. Marrows, beetroot, carrot, and some other vegetables can be boiled with sugar to create jams.<sup id="cite_ref-MAFF_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAFF-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">Vinegar</a> is widely used in <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">food preservation</a>; a sufficient concentration of <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> prevents the development of destructive micro-organisms, a fact made use of in the preparation of <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">chutneys</a> and relishes.<sup id="cite_ref-MAFF_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAFF-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">Fermentation</a> is another method of preserving vegetables for later use. <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Sauerkraut</a> is made from chopped cabbage and relies on <a href="/wiki/Lactic_acid" title="Lactic acid">lactic acid</a> bacteria which produce compounds that are inhibitory to the growth of other micro-organisms.<sup id="cite_ref-Sinha_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sinha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_producers">Top producers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vegetable_production" title="List of countries by vegetable production">List of countries by vegetable production</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg/220px-Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg/330px-Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg/440px-Vegetable_Shop_in_Meppadi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Vegetable shop in India</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veggies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Veggies.jpg/220px-Veggies.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Veggies.jpg/330px-Veggies.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Veggies.jpg/440px-Veggies.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3316" data-file-height="2210" /></a><figcaption>Vegetables in a <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarket</a> in the United States</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2010, China was the largest vegetable producing nation, with over half the world's production. India, the United States, Turkey, Iran, and Egypt were the next largest producers. China had the highest area of land devoted to vegetable production, while the highest average yields were obtained in Spain and the Republic of Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Area cultivated <br />thousand hectares <br />(2,500 acres)</th> <th>Yield <br />thousand kg/ha <br />(890 lb/acre)</th> <th>Production <br />thousand tonnes <br />(1,100 <a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">short tons</a>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">China</td> <td>23,458</td> <td>230</td> <td>539,993 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">India</td> <td>7,256</td> <td>138</td> <td>100,045 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">United States</td> <td>1,120</td> <td>318</td> <td>35,609 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Turkey</td> <td>1,090</td> <td>238</td> <td>25,901 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Iran</td> <td>767</td> <td>261</td> <td>19,995 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Egypt</td> <td>755</td> <td>251</td> <td>19,487 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Italy</td> <td>537</td> <td>265</td> <td>14,201 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Russia</td> <td>759</td> <td>175</td> <td>13,283 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Spain</td> <td>348</td> <td>364</td> <td>12,679 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Mexico</td> <td>681</td> <td>184</td> <td>12,515 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Nigeria</td> <td>1844</td> <td>64</td> <td>11,830 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Brazil</td> <td>500</td> <td>225</td> <td>11,233 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Japan</td> <td>407</td> <td>264</td> <td>10,746 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Indonesia</td> <td>1082</td> <td>90</td> <td>9,780 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">South Korea</td> <td>268</td> <td>364</td> <td>9,757 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Vietnam</td> <td>818</td> <td>110</td> <td>8,976 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Ukraine</td> <td>551</td> <td>162</td> <td>8,911 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Uzbekistan</td> <td>220</td> <td>342</td> <td>7,529 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Philippines</td> <td>718</td> <td>88</td> <td>6,299 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">France</td> <td>245</td> <td>227</td> <td>5,572 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td style="text-align:left"><b>Total world</b></td> <td><b>55,598</b></td> <td><b>188</b></td> <td><b>1,044,380</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) sets international standards to ensure that products and services are safe, reliable, and of good quality. There are a number of ISO standards regarding fruits and vegetables.<sup id="cite_ref-fvdp_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fvdp-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 1991-1:1982 lists the botanical names of sixty-one species of plants used as vegetables along with the common names of the vegetables in English, French, and Russian.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ISO 67.080.20 covers the storage and transport of vegetables and their derived products.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetable_dishes" title="List of vegetable dishes">List of vegetable dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetables" title="List of vegetables">List of vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_garden" title="Market garden">Market gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial_vegetable" title="Perennial vegetable">Perennial vegetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-harvest_losses_(vegetables)" title="Post-harvest losses (vegetables)">Post-harvest losses (vegetables)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_carving" title="Vegetable carving">Vegetable carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_Resources_of_Tropical_Africa" title="Plant Resources of Tropical Africa">Plant Resources of Tropical Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetable_Center" title="World Vegetable Center">World Vegetable Center</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=vegetable">"vegetable"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=vegetable&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dvegetable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swedenborg-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swedenborg_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swedenborg_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Swedenborg, Emanuel (2003). <i>Swedenborg Concordance 1888</i>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 502. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-3728-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-3728-7">0-7661-3728-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyto1993" class="citation book cs1">Ayto, John (1993). <i>Dictionary of Word Origins</i>. New York: Arcade Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-214-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-214-0"><bdi>978-1-55970-214-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33022699">33022699</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Word+Origins&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33022699&rft.isbn=978-1-55970-214-0&rft.aulast=Ayto&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Online_Etymology_Dictionary2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Online_Etymology_Dictionary2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=veggie">"veggie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=veggie&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dveggie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dictionary.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dictionary.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dictionary.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vegetable">"Vegetable"</a>. Dictionary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vegetable&rft.pub=Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fvegetable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinha-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sinha_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinha,_NirmalHui,_Y.H.Evranuz,_E._ÖzgülSiddiq,_Muhammad2010" class="citation book cs1">Sinha, Nirmal; Hui, Y.H.; Evranuz, E. Özgül; Siddiq, Muhammad; Ahmed, Jasim (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fz58umYZVK8C&pg=PT192"><i>Handbook of Vegetables and Vegetable Processing</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 192, 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-95844-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-95844-5"><bdi>978-0-470-95844-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Vegetables+and+Vegetable+Processing&rft.pages=192%2C+352&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-95844-5&rft.au=Sinha%2C+Nirmal&rft.au=Hui%2C+Y.H.&rft.au=Evranuz%2C+E.+%C3%96zg%C3%BCl&rft.au=Siddiq%2C+Muhammad&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Jasim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFz58umYZVK8C%26pg%3DPT192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iarc-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iarc_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVainio,_HarriBianchini,_Franca2003" class="citation book cs1">Vainio, Harri & Bianchini, Franca (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RiKjvAzzwFYC&pg=PA"><i>Fruits And Vegetables</i></a>. IARC. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-832-3008-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-832-3008-3"><bdi>978-92-832-3008-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fruits+And+Vegetables&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=IARC&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-92-832-3008-3&rft.au=Vainio%2C+Harri&rft.au=Bianchini%2C+Franca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRiKjvAzzwFYC%26pg%3DPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033725/http://www.spicesmedicinalherbs.com/fungi-vegetables.html">"Fungi vegetables"</a>. <i>Spices & Medicinal Herbs: Classification of vegetables</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spicesmedicinalherbs.com/fungi-vegetables.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spices+%26+Medicinal+Herbs%3A+Classification+of+vegetables&rft.atitle=Fungi+vegetables&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spicesmedicinalherbs.com%2Ffungi-vegetables.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=149&invol=304"><i>Nix v. Hedden</i>, 149 U.S. 304 (1893)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628191931/http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=149&invol=304">Archived</a> 2011-06-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Findlaw.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPortera,_Claire_C.Marlowe,_Frank_W.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Portera, Claire C.; Marlowe, Frank W. (January 2007). "How marginal are forager habitats?". <i>Journal of Archaeological Science</i>. <b>34</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007JArSc..34...59P">2007JArSc..34...59P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2006.03.014">10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=How+marginal+are+forager+habitats%3F&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2006.03.014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007JArSc..34...59P&rft.au=Portera%2C+Claire+C.&rft.au=Marlowe%2C+Frank+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas_John_McConnell1992" class="citation book cs1">Douglas John McConnell (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G3QPo7lThXsC&pg=PP1"><i>The forest-garden farms of Kandy, Sri Lanka</i></a>. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-102898-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-102898-8"><bdi>978-92-5-102898-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+forest-garden+farms+of+Kandy%2C+Sri+Lanka&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Food+%26+Agriculture+Org.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-92-5-102898-8&rft.au=Douglas+John+McConnell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG3QPo7lThXsC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414142437/https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/">"The Development of Agriculture"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/development-of-agriculture/">the original</a> on 2016-04-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenographic.nationalgeographic.com%2Fdevelopment-of-agriculture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWharton,_Clifton_R.1970" class="citation book cs1">Wharton, Clifton R. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1M-lBNcTfzMC&pg=PA18"><i>Subsistence Agriculture and Economic Development</i></a>. 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Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-36915-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-36915-0"><bdi>978-0-387-36915-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Agricultural+Engineering+Technology%3A+A+Problem+Solving+Approach&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-36915-0&rft.au=Field%2C+Harry&rft.au=Solie%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWWWc8VmdqDAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dixie-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dixie_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dixie_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDixie,_Grahame2005" class="citation web cs1">Dixie, Grahame (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0185e/a0185e0a.htm">"8. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=67.080.20%3A+Vegetables+and+derived+products&rft.pub=International+Organization+for+Standardization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstore%2Fcatalogue_ics%2Fcatalogue_ics_browse.htm%3FICS1%3D67%26ICS2%3D080%26ICS3%3D20%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetable" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">rankings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cereal_production" title="List of countries by cereal production">Cereals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_barley_production" title="List of countries by barley production">Barley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat#Production" title="Buckwheat">Buckwheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_corn_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International corn production statistics">Corn/Maize</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_maize_exports" title="List of countries by maize exports">exports</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet#Production" title="Millet">Millet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oat#Production_and_trade" title="Oat">Oat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rice_production" title="List of countries by rice production">Rice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rice_exports" title="List of countries by rice exports">exports</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye#Production_and_consumption" title="Rye">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_sorghum#Cultivation_and_uses" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial sorghum">Sorghum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triticale#Conventional_breeding_approaches" title="Triticale">Triticale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_wheat_production_statistics" class="mw-redirect" title="International wheat production statistics">Wheat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_wheat_exports" title="List of countries by wheat exports">exports</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_fruit_production" title="List of countries by fruit production">Fruit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_apple_production" title="List of countries by apple production">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_apricot_production" title="List of countries by apricot production">Apricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_avocado_production" title="List of countries by avocado production">Avocado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana#Production_and_export" title="Banana">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cherry_production" title="List of countries by cherry production">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)#Production" title="Orange (fruit)">Orange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coconut_production" title="List of countries by coconut production">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_cucumber_production" title="List of countries by cucumber production">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_eggplant_production" title="List of countries by eggplant production">Eggplant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_grape_production" title="List of countries by grape production">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon#Production" title="Lemon">Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)#Production" title="Lime (fruit)">Lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mango#Cultivation" title="Mango">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_papaya_production" title="List of countries by papaya production">Papaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear_production_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Pear production by country">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_pineapple_production" title="List of countries by pineapple production">Pineapple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_plum_production" title="List of countries by plum production">Plum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry#Production" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tomato_production" title="List of countries by tomato production">Tomato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vegetable_production" title="List of countries by vegetable production">Vegetables</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_artichoke_production" title="List of countries by artichoke production">Artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot#Production" title="Carrot">Carrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_garlic_production" title="List of countries by garlic production">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_onion_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by onion production">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_potato_production" title="List of countries by potato production">Potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapeseed#Production" title="Rapeseed">Rapeseed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_soybean_production" title="List of countries by soybean production">Soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot#Production" title="Carrot">Turnip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobroma_cacao#Cultivation" title="Theobroma cacao">Cacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">Cassava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production" title="List of countries by coffee production">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton#Leading_producer_countries" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_milk_production" title="List of countries by milk production">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil#Production" title="Palm oil">Palm oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_beet#Production_statistics" title="Sugar beet">Sugar beet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarcane#Production" title="Sugarcane">Sugar cane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed#Cultivation" title="Sunflower seed">Sunflower seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry#Production_by_country_or_region" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wine-producing_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wine-producing countries">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_irrigated_land_area" title="List of countries by irrigated land area">Irrigated land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_use_statistics_by_country" title="Land use statistics by country">Land use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_organic_farmland" title="List of countries by organic farmland">Organic farmland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_rankings" title="List of international rankings">List of international rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_by_country" title="Lists by country">Lists by country</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Veganism_and_vegetarianism366" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template talk:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Veganism_and_vegetarianism366" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_veganism" title="Black veganism">Black veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_in_the_Romantic_Era" title="Vegetarianism in the Romantic Era">Romantic Era</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_and_vegan_characters" title="List of fictional vegetarian and vegan characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_festivals" title="List of vegetarian and vegan festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">Vegan media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Fa%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṟaḷ">Tirukkuṟaḷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_vegetarianism" title="Islamic vegetarianism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food<br />and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan companies</a></li> <li>Dairy alternatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_bacon" title="Vegetarian bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Burgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_jambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_sausage_roll" title="Meat-free sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert#Gelatin_substitutes" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin substitutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and wine">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Groups</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_festivals" title="List of vegetarian and vegan festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan Society">American Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Vegan_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="China Vegan Society">China Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food Empowerment Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganmania" title="Veganmania">Veganmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Resource_Group" title="Vegetarian Resource Group">Vegetarian Resource Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Gemeinn%C3%BCtzige_Obstbau-Siedlung" title="Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung">Eden Gemeinnützige Obstbau-Siedlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_fast" title="Friday fast">Friday fast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_International" title="ProVeg International">ProVeg International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vegetarian_Society" title="Scottish Vegetarian Society">Scottish Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society">Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)" title="Diet for a New America (film)">Diet for a New America (film)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen" title="Post Punk Kitchen">Post Punk Kitchen</a></i> (2003–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013 film)">Live and Let Live</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_You_Alive" title="Eating You Alive">Eating You Alive</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maa_Ka_Doodh" title="Maa Ka Doodh">Maa Ka Doodh</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Magazines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Magazine" title="The Vegetarian Magazine">The Vegetarian Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan Journal">Vegan Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Books</a>,<br />reports,<br /> journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty" title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a></i> (1802)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable Cookery</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal Food</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a></i> (1835)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and Farinacea</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Boat" title="The Pleasure Boat">The Pleasure Boat</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty Years of Food Reform">Fifty Years of Food Reform</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat Fetish</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life" title="Living the Good Life">Living the Good Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten Talents</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure" title="The Vegetarian Epicure">The Vegetarian Epicure</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective Cookbooks</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's Kitchen</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood Cookbook</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet for a New America</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project" title="The Vegan Studies Project">The Vegan Studies Project</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes">Vegetable Kingdom</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a></i> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian and vegan restaurants">Restaurants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Esther%27s_Vegan_Jewish_Deli" title="Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli">Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnaholic" title="Cinnaholic">Cinnaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Kitchen" title="Crossroads Kitchen">Crossroads Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Elephant_Vegetarian_Bistro" title="Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro">Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Restaurant" title="Greens Restaurant">Greens Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth%27s_Gone_Raw" title="Elizabeth's Gone Raw">Elizabeth's Gone Raw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltl_Restaurant" title="Hiltl Restaurant">Hiltl Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pine_(restaurant)" title="Little Pine (restaurant)">Little Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza" title="Purezza">Purezza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutty_Vegan" title="Slutty Vegan">Slutty Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souley_Vegan" title="Souley Vegan">Souley Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Lounge,_London" title="The Sound Lounge, London">The Sound Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Galaxy" title="Veggie Galaxy">Veggie Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Grill" title="Veggie Grill">Veggie Grill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranks_(restaurant)" title="Cranks (restaurant)">Cranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Thought_(restaurant)" title="Food for Thought (restaurant)">Food for Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSpiral_Lounge" title="InSpiral Lounge">InSpiral Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_as_Anything" title="Lentil as Anything">Lentil as Anything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Caf%C3%A9" title="Minerva Café">Minerva Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Riverside_Cafe" title="New Riverside Cafe">New Riverside Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(restaurant)" title="Nix (restaurant)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cafeteria" title="Penny Cafeteria">Penny Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Peacock" title="Pink Peacock">Pink Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Reed" title="The Hollow Reed">The Hollow Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitman_Vegetarian_Hotel" title="The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel">The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Plant-based_diets225" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Plant-based_diets" title="Template:Plant-based diets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Plant-based_diets" title="Template talk:Plant-based diets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Plant-based_diets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Plant-based diets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Plant-based_diets225" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climatarian_diet" title="Climatarian diet">Climatarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Flexitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portfolio_diet" title="Portfolio diet">Portfolio diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Vegan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw vegan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics, dietitians,<br />and physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bulsiewicz" title="Will Bulsiewicz">Will Bulsiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Davis" title="Brenda Davis">Brenda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Davis_(surgeon)" title="Garth Davis (surgeon)">Garth Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Desmond" title="Alan Desmond">Alan Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Diehl" title="Hans Diehl">Hans Diehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Eshel" title="Gidon Eshel">Gidon Eshel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_E._Fraser" title="Gary E. Fraser">Gary E. Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Funk" title="Kristi Funk">Kristi Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_D._Gardner" title="Christopher D. Gardner">Christopher D. Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Gerson" title="Max Gerson">Max Gerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julieanna_Hever" title="Julieanna Hever">Julieanna Hever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hill_(nutritionist)" title="Simon Hill (nutritionist)">Simon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Jacobson" title="Michael F. Jacobson">Michael F. Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Jenkins" title="David J. Jenkins">David J. Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kahn" title="Joel Kahn">Joel Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shireen_Kassam" title="Shireen Kassam">Shireen Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Katz" title="David L. Katz">David L. Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiannon_Lambert" title="Rhiannon Lambert">Rhiannon Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Levin" title="Susan M. Levin">Susan M. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valter_Longo" title="Valter Longo">Valter Longo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaniappan_Manickam" title="Palaniappan Manickam">Palaniappan Manickam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A. McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracye_McQuirter" title="Tracye McQuirter">Tracye McQuirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Messina" title="Virginia Messina">Virginia Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Newman" title="Gemma Newman">Gemma Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidi_Ngwaba" title="Chidi Ngwaba">Chidi Ngwaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Plant" title="Jane Plant">Jane Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Pritikin" title="Nathan Pritikin">Nathan Pritikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Rossi" title="Megan Rossi">Megan Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Shintani" title="Terry Shintani">Terry Shintani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheil_Shukla" title="Sheil Shukla">Sheil Shukla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Spector" title="Tim Spector">Tim Spector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Syn" title="Mia Syn">Mia Syn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Wareham" title="Ellsworth Wareham">Ellsworth Wareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_A._Williams" title="Kim A. Williams">Kim A. Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advocates and<br />cookbook authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Adams" title="Eric Adams">Eric Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Atlas" title="Nava Atlas">Nava Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Bass" title="Clarence Bass">Clarence Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bittman" title="Mark Bittman">Mark Bittman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_Jackson_Blatner" title="Dawn Jackson Blatner">Dawn Jackson Blatner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleigh_Bodrug" title="Carleigh Bodrug">Carleigh Bodrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bowman" title="Alfredo Bowman">Alfredo Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Brazier" title="Brendan Brazier">Brendan Brazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Buettner" title="Dan Buettner">Dan Buettner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron" title="James Cameron">James Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Amis_Cameron" title="Suzy Amis Cameron">Suzy Amis Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Che" title="Hannah Che">Hannah Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Cross_(filmmaker)" title="Joe Cross (filmmaker)">Joe Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosanna_Davison" title="Rosanna Davison">Rosanna Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Dymek" title="Marta Dymek">Marta Dymek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Esselstyn" title="Rip Esselstyn">Rip Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathy_Freston" title="Kathy Freston">Kathy Freston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Hingle" title="Richa Hingle">Richa Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Humm" title="Daniel Humm">Daniel Humm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Kenney" title="Matthew Kenney">Matthew Kenney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_La_Manna" title="Max La Manna">Max La Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mackey_(businessman)" title="John Mackey (businessman)">John Mackey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetty_Lui_McKinnon" title="Hetty Lui McKinnon">Hetty Lui McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Mills" title="Ella Mills">Ella Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Lee_Molinaro" title="Joanne Lee Molinaro">Joanne Lee Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Morgan" title="Charity Morgan">Charity Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Murdock" title="David H. Murdock">David H. Murdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Okamoto" title="Toni Okamoto">Toni Okamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darin_Olien" title="Darin Olien">Darin Olien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Pilot" title="Steve Pilot">Steve Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Robbins" title="Ocean Robbins">Ocean Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Sarno" title="Derek Sarno">Derek Sarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Seinfeld" title="Jessica Seinfeld">Jessica Seinfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Stone" title="Gene Stone">Gene Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Sunderani" title="Hannah Sunderani">Hannah Sunderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Szekely" title="Deborah Szekely">Deborah Szekely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeeca_Uy" title="Jeeca Uy">Jeeca Uy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisha_Vora" title="Nisha Vora">Nisha Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Yonan" title="Joe Yonan">Joe Yonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Young" title="Robert O. Young">Robert O. Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books,<br />studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_Health_Studies" title="Adventist Health Studies">Adventist Health Studies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Not_to_Die:_Discover_the_Foods_Scientifically_Proven_to_Prevent_and_Reverse_Disease" title="How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease">How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Longevity_Diet" title="The Longevity Diet">The Longevity Diet</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant-Based_Health_Professionals_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant-Based Health Professionals UK">Plant-Based Health Professionals UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-Based_Universities" title="Plant-Based Universities">Plant-Based Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritikin_Longevity_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritikin Longevity Center">Pritikin Longevity Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_foods" title="List of fermented foods">Fermented foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gut_microbiota" title="Gut microbiota">Gut microbiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_microbiome" title="Human microbiome">Gut microbiome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nutrition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Vegan nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Vegetarian nutrition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">Beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits" title="List of culinary fruits">Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Herbs and spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">Legumes/Pulses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_nuts" title="List of culinary nuts">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_edible_seeds" title="List of edible seeds">Seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetables" title="List of vegetables">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_grain" title="Whole grain">Whole grains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cacao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">List of vegan and plant-based media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Plant-based_diets" title="Category:Plant-based diets">Category</a></li></ul> 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