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title="Ludwig Blenker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ludwig Blenker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Blenker" title="Louis Blenker – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis Blenker" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Blenker" title="Louis Blenker – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Louis Blenker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83%D8%B1" title="لويس بلينكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس بلينكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Бленкер, Луис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бленкер, Луис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Blenker" title="Ludwig Blenker – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ludwig Blenker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German revolutionary and American soldier</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Ludwig (also Louis) Blenker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Blenker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/General_Blenker.jpg/220px-General_Blenker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/General_Blenker.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="354" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">General Louis (Ludwig) Blenker</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1812-07-31</span>)</span>July 31, 1812<br /><a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 31, 1863<span style="display:none">(1863-10-31)</span> (aged 51)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland County</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Place of burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label">Rockland Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Sparkill,_New_York" title="Sparkill, New York">Sparkill, New York</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Army" title="Bavarian Army">Bavarian Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1832–1837<br />1861–1863</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg/35px-Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg/53px-Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg/70px-Union_Army_brigadier_general_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier general</a> (USA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg/100px-Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg/150px-Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg/200px-Appleton%27s_Blenker_Louis_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Louis Blenker</b> (July 31, 1812 – October 31, 1863) was a German <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> soldier. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_in_Germany">Life in Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Blenker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born at <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>, Germany. After being trained as a goldsmith by an uncle in Kreuznach, he was sent to a polytechnical school in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. Against his family's wishes, he enlisted in an <a href="/wiki/Uhlan" title="Uhlan">Uhlan</a> regiment which accompanied <a href="/wiki/Otto_I_(of_Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I (of Greece)">Otto</a> to <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> in 1832. Due to his gallantry, he soon became an officer. A revolt in Greece obligated him to leave, with an honorable discharge, in 1837. </p><p>He studied medicine in Munich and then, at the wish of his parents, opened a wine trading business in Worms. In 1843, he married <a href="/wiki/Elise_Blenker" title="Elise Blenker">Elise Blenker</a>. In 1848, he became a colonel in the <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a> militia. A large majority of the citizens also preferred him for mayor of Worms, but the otherwise liberal Jaup ministry failed to confirm him due to intrigues by the opposition party. This drove him into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutions of 1848 in Germany">German Revolutionary party of 1848</a>, and when the revolution broke out in Baden, he led an insurgent corps in spite of the poor prospects. </p><p>He was noted on both sides for his fearlessness. His wife, Elise, accompanied him on his campaigns.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As commander of the Freischaren (Free Corps), he took <a href="/wiki/Ludwigshafen" title="Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a> (May 10, 1849), occupied the city of Worms, and made an unsuccessful attack on <a href="/wiki/Landau" title="Landau">Landau</a>. When the Prussian troops entered the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Electorate of the Palatinate">Electorate of the Palatinate</a>, he fought in several of the engagements in <a href="/wiki/Baden" title="Baden">Baden</a>, but after the suppression of the revolution was compelled to flee with other leading revolutionaries like <a href="/wiki/Germain_Metternich" title="Germain Metternich">Germain Metternich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Bamberger" title="Ludwig Bamberger">Ludwig Bamberger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Zitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Franz Zitz">Franz Zitz</a> to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, whence he emigrated to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-nie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_in_the_United_States">Life in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Blenker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg/220px-Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg/330px-Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg/440px-Thanksgiving_1861_croped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> in the camp of General Louis Blenker</figcaption></figure> <p>On his arrival in the United States, he settled on a farm in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, and ran a small business.<sup id="cite_ref-wittke_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wittke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> he organized the <a href="/wiki/8th_New_York_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="8th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment">8th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment</a>, of which he became colonel.<sup id="cite_ref-nie_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was noted for his coverage of the retreat at <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Bull_Run" title="First Battle of Bull Run">Bull Run</a> and for his performance in western <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cross_Keys" title="Battle of Cross Keys">Battle of Cross Keys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For his gallantry at Bull Run he was raised to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">brigadier general</a> of volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-nie_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But after Cross Keys a series of deficiencies plagued his command, the main accusation being carelessness with respect to supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were also allegations of financial irregularities. In a letter to the <i><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Staatszeitung" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Staatszeitung">Illinois Staatszeitung</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Struve" title="Gustav Struve">Gustav Struve</a> defended Blenker on this score, i.e. with regard to a charge that he got $100 a month from each of the <a href="/wiki/Sutler" title="Sutler">sutlers</a> he had licensed to service his troops. But the charges persisted. Stories appeared in the <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German-language</a> press and the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Tribune">New York <i>Tribune</i></a> accusing Blenker's troops of looting the countryside of edibles and theft of items of no military worth. Blenker was defended by the <i>New Yorker Criminal Zeitung und Belletristisches Journal</i>, and some editors suggested that <a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a> was planning to supersede Blenker.<sup id="cite_ref-wittke_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wittke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blenker had a love of pomp. When <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a> became general of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Potomac" title="Army of the Potomac">Army of the Potomac</a>, Blenker led a <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">procession</a> to his headquarters. Yet there were credible testimonials to his organizational ability, and no one questioned his courage. However, his command became notable for the quantities of foreign nobility in its ranks, the climax coming when Prince <a href="/wiki/Felix_Salm-Salm" title="Felix Salm-Salm">Felix Salm-Salm</a> joined his ranks, an affront to republicans like <a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinzen" title="Karl Heinzen">Karl Heinzen</a> and Struve. Struve, also a member of Blenker's corps, resigned, and Heinzen broadcast protests in his newspaper, the <i>Pionier</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-wittke_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wittke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The allegations reached the War Department, and when his appointment as a general reached the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> for confirmation several senators repeated them: questionable finances, command hierarchies and distinctions more appropriate to Europe than to the United States, exploitation of his troops through the sutlers. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Schimmelfennig" title="Alexander Schimmelfennig">Alexander Schimmelfennig</a>, a fellow officer, referred to him as a "bum," and there was much controversy between supporters of Schurz, Blenker and <a href="/wiki/Franz_Sigel" title="Franz Sigel">Franz Sigel</a>. Blenker was ultimately confirmed as a general, but his career was ruined.<sup id="cite_ref-wittke_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wittke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon he was superseded by Sigel. He was mustered out of service March 31, 1863, and died in October of injuries sustained while with his command at <a href="/wiki/Warrenton,_Virginia" title="Warrenton, Virginia">Warrenton, Virginia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nie_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nie-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaving behind his wife, son and three daughters in dire circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-adb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blenker died in poverty and there was no proof he profited from the sutlers' trade. Some members of his staff were convicted for financial irregularities however. McClellan continued to esteem him as an officer.<sup id="cite_ref-wittke_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wittke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Blenker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/28px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/42px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/56px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1875" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">American Civil War portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_generals_(Union)" title="List of American Civil War generals (Union)">List of American Civil War generals (Union)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Blenker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-adb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">ADB</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nie-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nie_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nie_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nie_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nie_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">NIE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wittke-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wittke_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wittke_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wittke_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wittke_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wittke_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWittke1952" class="citation book cs1">Wittke, Carl (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/refugeesofrevolu008276mbp"><i>Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America</i></a>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. pp. 233–235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Refugees+of+Revolution%3A+The+German+Forty-Eighters+in+America&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=233-235&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Wittke&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frefugeesofrevolu008276mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+Blenker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Blenker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilmanPeckColby1905" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Coit_Gilman" title="Daniel Coit Gilman">Gilman, D. C.</a>; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i> (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dodd%2C+Mead&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+Blenker" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm_Wiegand1875" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wilhelm Wiegand (1875), "<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:ADB:Blenker,_Ludwig" class="extiw" title="de:s:ADB:Blenker, Ludwig">Blenker, Ludwig</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_Deutsche_Biographie" title="Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie">Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie</a></i> (in German), vol. 2, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 703</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blenker%2C+Ludwig&rft.btitle=Allgemeine+Deutsche+Biographie&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=703&rft.pub=Duncker+%26+Humblot&rft.date=1875&rft.au=Wilhelm+Wiegand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+Blenker" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Blenker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Carl Schurz</a>. <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Reminiscences_of_Carl_Schurz" class="extiw" title="s:The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz"><i>Reminiscences</i> (3 volumes)</a>. New York: The McClure Company. 1907. Schurz gives an account of his meeting with Blenker in the United States in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Reminiscences_of_Carl_Schurz/Volume_Two/5_The_Campaign_of_1860" class="extiw" title="s:The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz/Volume Two/5 The Campaign of 1860">Volume Two, Chapter V</a>, pp. 233–236. In <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Reminiscences_of_Carl_Schurz/Volume_One/07_More_Soldiering_%E2%80%94_Rastatt" class="extiw" title="s:The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz/Volume One/07 More Soldiering — Rastatt">Volume One, Chapter VII</a>, Schurz mentions Blenker's "splendid appearance" at the head of the "considerable corps" Blenker was leading in the Baden uprising.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Blenker, Louis"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Blenker,_Louis">"Blenker, Louis" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. 1900.</cite><span 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