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<li id="toc-In_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>In Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>In the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Debate_over_first_celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Debate_over_first_celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Debate over first celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Debate_over_first_celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fixing_a_date" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fixing_a_date"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Fixing a date</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fixing_a_date-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Observance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Observance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Observance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Observance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Observance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Observance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Liberia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint_Lucia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Lucia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Saint Lucia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Lucia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similarly_named_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarly_named_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Similarly named holidays</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Similarly_named_holidays-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Similarly named holidays subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Similarly_named_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Grenada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grenada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Grenada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grenada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thanksgiving</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1" title="عيد الشكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عيد الشكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%95%D6%80" title="Գոհաբանութեան Օր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գոհաբանութեան Օր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkran_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Şükran Günü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şükran Günü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87" title="থ্যাঙ্কস গিভিং ডে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থ্যাঙ্কস গিভিং ডে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Дзень падзякі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дзень падзякі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ден на благодарността – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ден на благодарността" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_d%27acci%C3%B3_de_gr%C3%A0cies" title="Dia d'acció de gràcies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dia d'acció de gràcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagpasalamat" title="Pagpasalamat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pagpasalamat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_d%C3%ADk%C5%AFvzd%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Den díkůvzdání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Den díkůvzdání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betdaag" title="Betdaag – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Betdaag" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A4nup%C3%BCha" title="Tänupüha – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tänupüha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ημέρα των Ευχαριστιών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ημέρα των Ευχαριστιών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADa_de_Acci%C3%B3n_de_Gracias" title="Día de Acción de Gracias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Día de Acción de Gracias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dankotago" title="Dankotago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dankotago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker_Ematearen_eguna" title="Esker Ematearen eguna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esker Ematearen eguna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="روز شکرگزاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روز شکرگزاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADa_de_Acci%C3%B3n_de_Grazas" title="Día de Acción de Grazas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Día de Acción de Grazas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%94%EC%88%98%EA%B0%90%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%88" title="추수감사절 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="추수감사절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikin_Godiya_(Thanksgiving)" title="Bikin Godiya (Thanksgiving) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bikin Godiya (Thanksgiving)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%85%D6%80" title="Գոհաբանության օր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոհաբանության օր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="थैंक्सगिविंग डे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थैंक्सगिविंग डे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_zahvalnosti" title="Dan zahvalnosti – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dan zahvalnosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Pengucapan_Syukur" title="Hari Pengucapan Syukur – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hari Pengucapan Syukur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Eakkargj%C3%B6r%C3%B0" title="Þakkargjörð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þakkargjörð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorno_del_ringraziamento" title="Giorno del ringraziamento – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giorno del ringraziamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94" title="חג ההודיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חג ההודיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinten_Pamuji_Sukur" title="Dinten Pamuji Sukur – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dinten Pamuji Sukur" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A6%E1%83%94" title="მადლიერების დღე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მადლიერების დღე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festum_Gratias_Agendi" title="Festum Gratias Agendi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Festum Gratias Agendi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pateic%C4%ABbas_diena" title="Pateicības diena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pateicības diena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad%C4%97kos_diena" title="Padėkos diena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Padėkos diena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1laad%C3%A1s" title="Hálaadás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hálaadás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="താങ്ക്സ്ഗിവിംഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താങ്ക്സ്ഗിവിംഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jum_ir-Ringrazzjament" title="Jum ir-Ringrazzjament – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Jum ir-Ringrazzjament" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="थँक्सगिव्हिंग – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थँक्सगिव्हिंग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D8%B1" title="يوم الشكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوم الشكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%B2%E1%80%97%E1%81%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%AF%E1%80%8F%E1%80%BA" title="တ္ၚဲဗၞုဟ်ဂုဏ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တ္ၚဲဗၞုဟ်ဂုဏ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Kesyukuran" title="Hari Kesyukuran – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hari Kesyukuran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80" title="Талархлын баяр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Талархлын баяр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakavinavinaka" title="Vakavinavinaka – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vakavinavinaka" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day" title="Thanksgiving Day – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thanksgiving Day" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="थ्याङ्कसगिभिङ् डे – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="थ्याङ्कसगिभिङ् डे" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E7%A5%AD" title="感謝祭 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="感謝祭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shukronalik_kuni" title="Shukronalik kuni – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shukronalik kuni" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8" title="ਧੰਨਵਾਦ ਦਿਵਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧੰਨਵਾਦ ਦਿਵਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%8E" title="ថ្ងៃអរព្រះគុណ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ថ្ងៃអរព្រះគុណ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzie%C5%84_Dzi%C4%99kczynienia" title="Dzień Dziękczynienia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dzień Dziękczynienia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Gra%C3%A7as" title="Ação de Graças – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ação de Graças" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziua_Recuno%C8%99tin%C8%9Bei" title="Ziua Recunoștinței – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ziua Recunoștinței" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="День благодарения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="День благодарения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Махтал күнэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Махтал күнэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%C5%88_v%C4%8Fakyvzdania" title="Deň vďakyvzdania – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deň vďakyvzdania" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahvalni_dan" title="Zahvalni dan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zahvalni dan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%DB%8C_%D8%B4%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95%D8%A8%DA%98%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ڕۆژی شوکرانەبژێری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆژی شوکرانەبژێری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Дан захвалности – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дан захвалности" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiitosp%C3%A4iv%C3%A4" title="Kiitospäivä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kiitospäivä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" title="Thanksgiving – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thanksgiving" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araw_ng_Pasasalamat" title="Araw ng Pasasalamat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Araw ng Pasasalamat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நன்றி தெரிவித்தல் நாள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நன்றி தெரிவித்தல் நாள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Рәхмәт көне – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Рәхмәт көне" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="วันขอบคุณพระเจ้า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วันขอบคุณพระเจ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B5%E1%8E%AE%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97_%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%A6" title="ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᎢᎦ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗ ᎢᎦ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkran_G%C3%BCn%C3%BC" title="Şükran Günü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şükran Günü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkranalyk_ba%C3%BDram%C3%A7ylygy" title="Şükranalyk baýramçylygy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şükranalyk baýramçylygy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="День подяки – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="День подяки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81" title="یوم شکرانہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوم شکرانہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%89%D9%86%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89" title="مىننەتدارلىق بايرىمى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مىننەتدارلىق بايرىمى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AC_del_rengrasiamento" title="Dì del rengrasiamento – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Dì del rengrasiamento" 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data-title="感恩节" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%92" title="דאנק טאג – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאנק טאג" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%81%A9%E7%AF%80" title="感恩節 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="感恩節" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E6%81%A9%E8%8A%82" title="感恩节 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="感恩节" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Holiday in various countries</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the holiday in general. For the specific national holidays, see <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">Thanksgiving (Canada)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving (United States)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thanksgiving (disambiguation)">Thanksgiving (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Turkey Day" redirects here. For the Turkish Republic Day, see <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(Turkey)" title="Republic Day (Turkey)">Republic Day (Turkey)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: lightsalmon">Thanksgiving Day</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Our_(Almost_Traditional)_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Our_%28Almost_Traditional%29_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg/240px-Our_%28Almost_Traditional%29_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Our_%28Almost_Traditional%29_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg/360px-Our_%28Almost_Traditional%29_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Our_%28Almost_Traditional%29_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg/480px-Our_%28Almost_Traditional%29_Thanksgiving_Dinner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption">A typical <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Observed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Countries</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> <p><b>Sub-national entities</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories of the United States</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">National</a>, cultural</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>1st Sunday in October (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>)</li> <li>2nd Monday in October (<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li>1st Thursday in November (<a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>)</li> <li>Last Wednesday in November (<a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>)</li> <li>4th Thursday in November (<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2025 date</th><td class="infobox-data">October 5, 2025 (Germany);<br /> <p>October 13, 2025 (Canada);<br /> November 6, 2025 (Liberia);<br /> November 26, 2025 (Norfolk Island);<br /> </p> November 27, 2025 (U.S. and Brazil)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2026 date</th><td class="infobox-data">October 4, 2026 (Germany);<br /> <p>October 12, 2026 (Canada);<br /> November 5, 2026 (Liberia);<br /> November 25, 2026 (Norfolk Island);<br /> </p> November 26, 2026 (U.S. and Brazil)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thanksgiving</b> is a national <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> celebrated on various dates in October and November in the United States, Canada, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>, and unofficially in countries like Brazil and Germany. It is also observed in the Australian territory of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>. It began as a day of giving thanks for the blessings of the <a href="/wiki/Harvest" title="Harvest">harvest</a> and of the preceding year. Various similarly named <a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">harvest festival</a> holidays occur throughout the world during autumn. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated as a <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> holiday as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>Prayers of thanks and special thanksgiving ceremonies are common among most <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religions</a> after harvests and at other times of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Thanksgiving holiday's history in North America is rooted in English traditions dating from the Protestant <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>. It also has aspects of a <a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">harvest festival</a>, even though the harvest in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> occurs well before the late-November date on which the modern Thanksgiving holiday is celebrated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1,_esp._pp._12–15_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1,_esp._pp._12–15-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the English tradition, days of thanksgiving and special thanksgiving religious services became important during the <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">English Reformation</a> in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1536 there were 95 Church holidays, plus every Sunday, when people were required to <a href="/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance">attend church</a> and forego work. Though the 1536 reforms in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> reduced the number of holidays in the <a href="/wiki/Liturgical_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgical calendar">liturgical calendar</a> to 27, the <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> party in the Anglican Church wished to eliminate all Church holidays apart from the weekly <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Lord's Day</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_feast" title="Evangelical feast">evangelical feasts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> (cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Puritan_Sabbatarianism" title="Puritan Sabbatarianism">Puritan Sabbatarianism</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The holidays were to be replaced by specially called <a href="/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgiving" title="Days of humiliation and thanksgiving">Days of Fasting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Days_of_humiliation_and_thanksgiving" title="Days of humiliation and thanksgiving">Days of Thanksgiving</a>, in response to events that the Puritans viewed as acts of <a href="/wiki/Divine_providence" title="Divine providence">special providence</a>. Unexpected disasters or threats of judgement from on high called for Days of Fasting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special blessings, viewed as coming from God, called for Days of Thanksgiving, which were observed through Christian <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church services</a> and other gatherings.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, Days of Thanksgiving were called following the victory over the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a> in 1588 and following the deliverance of <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Denmark" title="Anne of Denmark">Queen Anne</a> in 1605.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An unusual annual Day of Thanksgiving began in 1606 following the failure of the <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_Plot" title="Gunpowder Plot">Gunpowder Plot</a> in 1605 and developed into <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Guy Fawkes Day">Guy Fawkes Day</a> on November 5.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Days of Fasting were called on account of plagues in 1604 and 1622, drought in 1611, and floods in 1613. Annual Thanksgiving prayers were dictated by the charter of English settlers upon their safe landing in America in 1619 at <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> in Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-Dowdey_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowdey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Canada">In Canada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">Thanksgiving (Canada)</a></div> <p>According to some historians, the first celebration of Thanksgiving in North America occurred during the 1578 voyage of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a> from England in search of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other researchers, however, state that "there is no compelling narrative of the origins of the Canadian Thanksgiving day."<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Antecedents for Canadian Thanksgiving are also sometimes traced to the French settlers who came to <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> in the 17th century, who celebrated their successful harvests. The French settlers in the area typically had feasts at the end of the harvest season. They continued throughout the winter season, even sharing food with the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a> of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruth_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As settlers arrived in Nova Scotia from New England after 1700, late autumn Thanksgiving celebrations became commonplace. New immigrants into the country—such as the Irish, Scottish, and Germans—also added their own traditions to the harvest celebrations. Most of the U.S. aspects of Thanksgiving (such as the turkey) were incorporated when <a href="/wiki/United_Empire_Loyalist" title="United Empire Loyalist">United Empire Loyalists</a> began to <a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Loyalists" title="Expulsion of the Loyalists">flee from the United States</a> during and after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and settled in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruth_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1859, the government of the provinces of Canada declared a Thanksgiving Day in which "all Canadians [were asked] to spend the holiday in 'public and solemn' recognition of God's mercies."<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan2006_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan2006-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 October 1879, Canada's Governor General, the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_of_Lorne" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis of Lorne">Marquis of Lorne</a>, declared November 6 as "a day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed."<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan2006_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan2006-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian Parliament on 31 January 1957 applied the same language in its proclamation for the modern holiday: "A Day of General Thanksgiving to Almighty God for the bountiful harvest with which Canada has been blessed—to be observed on the second Monday in October."<sup id="cite_ref-Kelch2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelch2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_the_United_States">In the United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving (United States)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg/220px-Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg/330px-Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg/440px-Thanksgiving-Brownscombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Augusta_Brownscombe" title="Jennie Augusta Brownscombe">Jennie Augusta Brownscombe</a>'s 1914 portrait, <i>The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth</i>, now on display at <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Hall_Museum" title="Pilgrim Hall Museum">Pilgrim Hall Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth,_1925,_Brownscombe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth%2C_1925%2C_Brownscombe.jpg/220px-Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth%2C_1925%2C_Brownscombe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth%2C_1925%2C_Brownscombe.jpg/330px-Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth%2C_1925%2C_Brownscombe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth%2C_1925%2C_Brownscombe.jpg/440px-Thanksgiving_at_Plymouth%2C_1925%2C_Brownscombe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3107" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Augusta_Brownscombe" title="Jennie Augusta Brownscombe">Jennie Augusta Brownscombe</a>'s 1925 portrait, <i>Thanksgiving at Plymouth</i>, now on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Women_in_the_Arts" title="National Museum of Women in the Arts">National Museum of Women in the Arts</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>An annual thanksgiving holiday tradition in North American colonies is documented for the first time in 1619, in what is now called the Commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>. Thirty-eight English settlers aboard the ship <i>Margaret</i> arrived by way of the James River at <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Hundred" title="Berkeley Hundred">Berkeley Hundred</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City County, Virginia</a> on December 4, 1619. The landing was immediately followed by a religious celebration, specifically dictated by the group's charter from the <a href="/wiki/London_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="London Company">London Company</a>. The charter declared, "that the day of our ships arrival at the place assigned for plantation in the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dowdey_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dowdey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the mid 20th century, the original celebration has been commemorated there annually at present-day <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Plantation" title="Berkeley Plantation">Berkeley Plantation</a>, ancestral home of the <a href="/wiki/Harrison_family_of_Virginia" title="Harrison family of Virginia">Harrison family of Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The more familiar Thanksgiving precedent accompanied by feasting is traced to the <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> who emigrated from England in the 1620s and 1630s. They brought their previous tradition of Days of Fasting and Days of Thanksgiving with them to <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. The 1621 <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a> thanksgiving was prompted by a good harvest. The Pilgrims celebrated this with the <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wampanoags</a>, a tribe of Native Americans who, along with the <a href="/wiki/Squanto" title="Squanto">last surviving Patuxet</a>, had helped them get through the previous winter by giving them food in that time of scarcity, in exchange for an alliance and protection against the rival <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansett tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Julian_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Julian-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several days of Thanksgiving were held in early New England history that have been identified as the "First Thanksgiving", including Pilgrim holidays in Plymouth in 1621 and 1623, and a Puritan holiday in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in 1631.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now called <i><a href="/wiki/3_October_Festival" title="3 October Festival">3 Oktoberfeest</a>,</i> Leiden's autumn thanksgiving celebration in 1617 was the occasion for sectarian disturbance that appears to have accelerated the pilgrims' plans to emigrate to America.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in New England, religious thanksgiving services were declared by civil leaders such as <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Plymouth_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bradford (Plymouth governor)">Governor Bradford</a>, who planned the Plymouth colony's thanksgiving celebration and feast in 1623.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of holding an annual thanksgiving harvest festival did not become a regular affair in New England until the late 1660s.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanksgiving proclamations were made mostly by church leaders in New England up until 1682, and then by both state and church leaders until after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. During the revolutionary period, political influences affected the issuance of Thanksgiving proclamations. Various proclamations were made by <a href="/wiki/Royal_colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal colony">royal governors</a>, and conversely by <a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriot</a> leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>, General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each giving thanks to God for events favorable to their causes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006159–66_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006159–66-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the first President of the United States, George Washington proclaimed the first nationwide thanksgiving celebration in America marking November 26, 1789, "as a day of public thanksgiving and prayer, to be observed by acknowledging with grateful hearts the many and signal favours of Almighty God",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006167_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006167-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and calling on Americans to "unite in most humbly offering our prayers and supplications to the great Lord and Ruler of Nations and beseech him to pardon our national and other transgressions."<sup id="cite_ref-GW1789_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GW1789-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Debate_over_first_celebrations">Debate over first celebrations</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_First_Thanksgiving" title="Myth of the First Thanksgiving">Myth of the First Thanksgiving</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berkeley_Plantation,_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Berkeley_Plantation%2C_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg/220px-Berkeley_Plantation%2C_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Berkeley_Plantation%2C_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg/330px-Berkeley_Plantation%2C_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Berkeley_Plantation%2C_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg/440px-Berkeley_Plantation%2C_Shrine_marking_1st_Thanksgiving_in_America.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Shrine of the first U.S. Thanksgiving held at Berkeley Hundred in <a href="/wiki/Charles_City_County,_Virginia" title="Charles City County, Virginia">Charles City County, Virginia</a> in 1619</figcaption></figure> <p>Devotees in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> have maintained contradictory claims to having held the first Thanksgiving celebration in what became the United States. The question is complicated by the concept of Thanksgiving as either a holiday celebration or a religious service. James Baker maintains, "The American holiday's true origin was the New England <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> Thanksgiving. Never coupled with a Sabbath meeting, the Puritan observances were special days set aside during the week for thanksgiving and praise in response to God's providence."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baker calls the debate a "tempest in a beanpot" and "marvelous nonsense" based on regional claims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1963, President <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> acknowledged both the Virginia and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> claims. Kennedy issued Proclamation 3560 on November 5, 1963, stating, "Over three centuries ago, our forefathers in Virginia and in Massachusetts, far from home in a lonely wilderness, set aside a time of thanksgiving. On the appointed day, they gave reverent thanks for their safety, for the health of their children, for the fertility of their fields, for the love which bound them together, and for the faith which united them with their God."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other claims include an earlier religious service by Spanish explorers at <a href="/wiki/San_Elizario" class="mw-redirect" title="San Elizario">San Elizario</a> in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> in 1598.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Linked page does not reference event described in previous sentence. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Historians Robyn Gioia and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gannon_(historian)" title="Michael Gannon (historian)">Michael Gannon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> argue that the earliest Thanksgiving service in what is now the United States was celebrated by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish community</a> on September 8, 1565, in current <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">Saint Augustine</a>, Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://florida.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/secdead17-socst-thanks/secrets-of-spanish-floridasecrets-of-the-dead-the-first-true-thanksgiving/">[1]</a> The thanksgiving at St. Augustine was celebrated 56 years before the Puritan Pilgrim thanksgiving at Plymouth Plantation (Massachusetts), but it did not become the origin of a national annual tradition.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.nps.gov/casa/learn/historyculture/the-first-thanksgiving.htm">[2]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fixing_a_date">Fixing a date</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4></div> <p>The earlier Thanksgiving celebrations in Canada has been attributed to the earlier onset of winter in the North, thus ending the harvest season earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Kauf_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kauf-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanksgiving in Canada did not have a fixed date until the late 19th century. Prior to <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a>, many of the individual colonial governors of the Canadian provinces had declared their own days of Thanksgiving. The first official Canadian Thanksgiving occurred on April 15, 1872, when the nation was celebrating the <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII" title="Edward VII">Prince of Wales</a>' recovery from a serious illness.<sup id="cite_ref-Kauf_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kauf-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the end of the 19th century, Thanksgiving Day was normally celebrated on November 6 (see also <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fawkes_Night" title="Guy Fawkes Night">Guy Fawkes Night</a> discussed above). In the late 19th century, the militia staged "sham battles" for public entertainment on Thanksgiving Day. The militia agitated for an earlier date for the holiday, so they could use the warmer weather to draw bigger crowds.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> ended, the <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day" title="Remembrance Day">Armistice Day</a> holiday was usually held during the same week. To prevent the two holidays from clashing with one another, in 1957 the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Parliament">Canadian Parliament</a> proclaimed Thanksgiving to be observed on its present date on the second Monday of October.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruth_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruth-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4></div> <p>Thanksgiving in the United States has been observed on differing dates. From the time of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a> until <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> made it a national holiday in 1863, the date of observance varied from state to state. The final Thursday in November had become the customary date in most U.S. states by the beginning of the 19th century, coinciding with, and eventually superseding the holiday of <a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a> (commemorating the day the British exited the United States after the Revolutionary War).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by New Englander <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Josepha_Hale" title="Sarah Josepha Hale">Sarah Josepha Hale</a>, who wrote letters to politicians for approximately 40 years advocating an official holiday, Lincoln set national Thanksgiving by proclamation for the final Thursday in November in celebration of the bounties that had continued to fall on the Union and for the military successes in the war, also calling on the American people, "with humble penitence for our national perverseness and disobedience ... fervently implore the interposition of the Almighty hand to heal the wounds of the nation...."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, a nationwide Thanksgiving celebration was not realized until <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> in the 1870s. </p><p>On October 31, 1939, President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> signed a <a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving">presidential proclamation</a> changing the holiday to the next to last Thursday in November in an effort to boost the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earlier date created an extra seven days for <a href="/wiki/Christmas_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas season">Christmas shopping</a> since at that time retailers never began promoting the Christmas season until after Thanksgiving. But making the proclamation so close to the change wreaked havoc on the holiday schedules of many people, schools, and businesses, and most Americans were not in favor of the change. Some of those who opposed the change dubbed the holiday "<a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving">Franksgiving</a>" that year. Some state governors went along with the change while others stuck with the original November 30 date for the holiday, and three states — Colorado, Mississippi, and Texas — observed both dates.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The double Thanksgiving continued for two more years, and then on December 26, 1941, Roosevelt signed a <a href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution">joint resolution</a> of Congress changing the official national Thanksgiving Day to the fourth Thursday in November starting in 1942 (there are usually four but sometimes five Thursdays in November, depending on the year).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1971, when the American <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Monday_Holiday_Act" title="Uniform Monday Holiday Act">Uniform Monday Holiday Act</a> took effect, the American observance of <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a> has coincided with the Canadian observance of Thanksgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Observance">Observance</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">Australian external territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a>, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the last Wednesday of November, similar to the pre–<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> American observance on the last Thursday of the month. Due to the time difference of between 14 and 17 hours, this means the Norfolk Island observance is two days before or five days after the United States' observance. The holiday was brought to the island by visiting American <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a> ships.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3></div> <p>In Brazil, National Thanksgiving Day (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Dia de Ação de Graças</i>) was instituted by <a href="/wiki/Eurico_Gaspar_Dutra" title="Eurico Gaspar Dutra">President Gaspar Dutra</a>, through Law 781 of August 17, 1949, at the suggestion of Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Nabuco" title="Joaquim Nabuco">Joaquim Nabuco</a>, who was enthusiastic about the commemorations he saw in 1909 in <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)">St. Patrick's Cathedral</a> as an ambassador in Washington. In 1966, Law 5110 established that the Thanksgiving celebration would take place on the fourth Thursday of November.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This date is celebrated by many families of American origin, by some Protestant Christian denominations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Brazil" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brazil</a> (which is of American origin), the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Brazil" title="Presbyterian Church of Brazil">Presbyterian Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Brazil" title="Methodist Church in Brazil">Methodist Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a>, and Methodist denominational universities. The day is also celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Churches">evangelical churches</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Foursquare_Gospel_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Foursquare Gospel Church">Foursquare Gospel Church</a> in Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada_2">Canada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">Thanksgiving (Canada)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-12-25_18_19_56_A_pumpkin_pie_with_one_large_slice_removed_for_Christmas_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township,_Mercer_County,_New_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2019-12-25_18_19_56_A_pumpkin_pie_with_one_large_slice_removed_for_Christmas_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2019-12-25_18_19_56_A_pumpkin_pie_with_one_large_slice_removed_for_Christmas_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/2019-12-25_18_19_56_A_pumpkin_pie_with_one_large_slice_removed_for_Christmas_Dinner_in_the_Parkway_Village_section_of_Ewing_Township%2C_Mercer_County%2C_New_Jersey.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin pie</a>, commonly served at Thanksgiving in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Thanksgiving (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">l'Action de grâce</i>), occurring on the second Monday in October, is an annual Canadian <a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">holiday</a> to <a href="/wiki/Gratitude" title="Gratitude">give thanks</a> at the close of the harvest season. Although the original act of Parliament references <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> and the holiday is celebrated in churches, the holiday is mostly celebrated in a <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> manner. Thanksgiving is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Canada" title="Public holidays in Canada">statutory holiday</a> in all provinces in Canada, except for <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>. While businesses may remain open in these provinces, the holiday is nonetheless recognized and celebrated regardless of its status.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-stat_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stat-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg/220px-Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg/330px-Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg/440px-Treherz_Pfarrkirche_Erntedankteppich_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1461" /></a><figcaption>A food decoration for Erntedankfest, a <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> Thanksgiving harvest festival celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Harvest Thanksgiving Festival, <a href="/wiki/Erntedankfest_D%C3%BCsseldorf-Urdenbach" title="Erntedankfest Düsseldorf-Urdenbach">Erntedankfest</a>, is a popular <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> festival in some German municipalities on the first Sunday of October. The festival has a significant religious component, and many churches are decorated with autumn crops. In some places, there are <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">religious processions</a> or parades.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberia">Liberia</h3></div> <p>In the West African country of Liberia, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the first Thursday of November.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1883, the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Liberia" title="Legislature of Liberia">Legislature of Liberia</a> enacted a statute declaring this day as a national holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanksgiving is celebrated in the country in large part due to the nation's founding as a colony of the <a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">American Colonization Society</a> in 1821 by former slaves and <a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">free people of color</a> from the United States. However, the Liberian celebration of the holiday is notably different from the American celebration. While some Liberian families chose to celebrate with a feast or cook out, it is not considered a staple of the holiday and there is no specific food heavily associated with Thanksgiving. Some chose to celebrate the holiday by attending religious ceremonies, while others take it as a day for relaxation. Others view the holiday as an imposition from the American settlers of the country. In the years following the <a href="/wiki/Second_Liberian_Civil_War" title="Second Liberian Civil War">second civil war</a>, some Liberians have taken the holiday as a time to be thankful for this new period peace and relative stability.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:25446_Pieterskerk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/25446_Pieterskerk.jpg/220px-25446_Pieterskerk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/25446_Pieterskerk.jpg/330px-25446_Pieterskerk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/25446_Pieterskerk.jpg/440px-25446_Pieterskerk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5082" data-file-height="3695" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pieterskerk,_Leiden" title="Pieterskerk, Leiden">Pieterskerk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many of the Pilgrims who migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Plantation</a> resided in <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> from 1609 to 1620, and had recorded their births, marriages, and deaths at the <a href="/wiki/Pieterskerk,_Leiden" title="Pieterskerk, Leiden">Pieterskerk</a>. In commemoration, a non-denominational Thanksgiving Day service is held each year on the morning of the American Thanksgiving Day in the Pieterskerk, a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> church in Leiden, noting the hospitality the Pilgrims received in Leiden on their way to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanksgiving is observed by orthodox Protestant churches in the Netherlands on the first Wednesday in November (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dankdag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dankdag (page does not exist)">Dankdag</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biddag_en_Dankdag_voor_Gewas_en_Arbeid" class="extiw" title="nl:Biddag en Dankdag voor Gewas en Arbeid">nl</a>]</sup>). It is not a public holiday. Those who observe the day either go to church in the evening or take the day off and go to church in the morning (and occasionally afternoon) too. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3></div> <p>An American colony from 1901 to 1946, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> observed Thanksgiving as a special public holiday on the same day as the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Japanese occupation during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, both the Americans and Filipinos celebrated Thanksgiving in secret. After Japanese withdrawal in 1945, the tradition continued until 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1973, President <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> issued Proclamation 1180, changing the date to September 21, altering the holiday as a celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_under_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos">imposition of martial law a year prior.</a><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This continued until <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">Marcos' ouster</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Republic_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth Republic of the Philippines">Fifth Republic</a>, with no proclamations declaring the observance of thanksgiving, it is no longer officially celebrated in the country as a public holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Lucia">Saint Lucia</h3></div> <p>The nation of Saint Lucia celebrates Thanksgiving on the first Monday in October.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg/220px-Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg/330px-Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg/440px-Harvest_Festival_Flowers_at_Shrewsbury_United_Reformed_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1478601.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harvest_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvest Festival">Harvest Festival</a> flowers at a church in <a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury" title="Shrewsbury">Shrewsbury</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving</i> does not have an official date in the United Kingdom; however, it is traditionally held on or near the Sunday of the <a href="/wiki/Harvest_moon" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvest moon">harvest moon</a> that occurs closest to the autumnal equinox. Harvest Thanksgiving in Britain also has pre-Christian roots when the Saxons would offer the first sheaf of barley, oats, or wheat to fertility gods. When the harvest was finally collected, communities would come together for a harvest supper.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Christianity arrived in Britain many traditions remained, and today the Harvest Festival is marked by churches and schools in late September/early October (same as Canada) with singing, praying and decorating with baskets of food and fruit to celebrate a successful harvest and to give thanks.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collections of food are usually held which are then given to local charities which help the homeless and those in need. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving (United States)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg/220px-Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg/330px-Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg/440px-Thanksgiving_grace_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>A family saying <a href="/wiki/Grace_(prayer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grace (prayer)">grace</a> before Thanksgiving dinner in <a href="/wiki/Neffsville,_Pennsylvania" title="Neffsville, Pennsylvania">Neffsville, Pennsylvania</a> in 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, Thanksgiving is an annual tradition that was federally formalized through an 1863 <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">presidential</a> proclamation by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>, but was implemented as state legislation since the nation's founding. </p><p>In 1941, federal legislation by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> formalized Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday in November. </p><p>The holiday traditionally has been a celebration of the blessings of the year, including the harvest.<sup id="cite_ref-EB-TD_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-TD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Thanksgiving Day, it is common for Americans to share a family meal, attend <a href="/wiki/Church_service" title="Church service">church services</a>, and view special sporting events.<sup id="cite_ref-Counihan2013_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Counihan2013-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanksgiving is celebrated in public places with parades such as <a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Parade" class="mw-redirect" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Parade">Macy's Thanksgiving Parade</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, ABC Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade in <a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a>, McDonald's <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="Chicago Thanksgiving Parade">Thanksgiving Parade in Chicago</a>, and Bayou Classic Thanksgiving Parade<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>. </p><p>What Americans call the "<a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Holiday Season</a>" generally begins with Thanksgiving.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first day after Thanksgiving Day—<a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a>—marks the start of the Christmas shopping season.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanksgiving is usually celebrated with a family meal. Beginning in the 2010s, a new tradition has emerged to also celebrate Thanksgiving with a meal with friends, as a separate event on a different day or an alternate event on Thanksgiving Day. This is referred to as <a href="/wiki/Friendsgiving" title="Friendsgiving">Friendsgiving</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Similarly_named_holidays">Similarly named holidays</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals">List of harvest festivals</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grenada">Grenada</h3></div> <p>In the West Indian island of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, there is a national holiday known as Thanksgiving Day which is celebrated on October 25. Even though it bears the same name, and is celebrated at roughly the same time as the American and Canadian versions of Thanksgiving, this holiday is unrelated to either of those celebrations. Instead, the holiday marks the anniversary of the U.S.-led <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Grenada">invasion of the island</a> in 1983, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposition (politics)">deposition</a> and execution of the socialist Grenadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop">Maurice Bishop</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by a military government from within his own party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Labor_Thanksgiving_Day" title="Labor Thanksgiving Day">Labor Thanksgiving Day</a></div> <p>Labor Thanksgiving Day<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">勤労感謝の日</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kinrō Kansha no Hi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Holidays_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Holidays of Japan">national holiday in Japan</a>. It takes place annually on November 23. The law establishing the holiday, which was adopted during the <a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="American occupation of Japan">American occupation</a> after World War II, cites it as an occasion for commemorating <a href="/wiki/Manual_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual labor">labor</a> and production and giving each other thanks. It has roots in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> harvest ceremony (<i><a href="/wiki/Niiname-sai" class="mw-redirect" title="Niiname-sai">Niiname-sai</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">新嘗祭</span></span>)</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_Thanksgiving" title="List of films set around Thanksgiving">List of films set around Thanksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals">List of harvest festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Parade_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Thanksgiving Parade (disambiguation)">Thanksgiving Parade</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006156–59_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodgson2006">Hodgson 2006</a>, pp. 156–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1,_esp._pp._12–15-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1,_esp._pp._12–15_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2009a">Baker 2009a</a>, Chapter 1, esp. pp. 12–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forbes2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forbes2015_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFForbes2015" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Bruce David (October 27, 2015). <i>America's Favorite Holidays: Candid Histories</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 155. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28472-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-28472-2"><bdi>978-0-520-28472-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Favorite+Holidays%3A+Candid+Histories&rft.pages=155&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2015-10-27&rft.isbn=978-0-520-28472-2&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=Bruce+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009a1–14_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2009a">Baker 2009a</a>, pp. 1–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dowdey-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dowdey_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dowdey_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowdy,_Clifford1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Dowdey" title="Clifford Dowdey">Dowdy, Clifford</a> (1957). <i>The Great Plantation</i>. Rinehart and Co. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>37.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Plantation&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.pub=Rinehart+and+Co.&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Dowdy%2C+Clifford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillsNeilson_BonikowskyMcIntosh" class="citation web cs1">Mills, David; Neilson Bonikowsky, Laura; McIntosh, Andrew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thanksgiving-day/">"Thanksgiving in Canada"</a>. <i>Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Historica Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151012051058/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/thanksgiving-day/">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+in+Canada&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Neilson+Bonikowsky%2C+Laura&rft.au=McIntosh%2C+Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fthanksgiving-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufman-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaufman_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2009" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nC6piY4KaLQC&pg=PA29"><i>The Origins of Canadian & American Political Differences</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674031364" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674031364"><bdi>978-0674031364</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117022916/https://books.google.com/books?id=nC6piY4KaLQC&pg=PA29">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Canadian+%26+American+Political+Differences&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0674031364&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Jason+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnC6piY4KaLQC%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruth-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ruth_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruth_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ruth_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Solski, Ruth "Canada's Traditions and Celebrations" McGill-Queen's Press,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1550356941" title="Special:BookSources/1550356941">1550356941</a> p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan2006-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan2006_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan2006_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan2006" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Dorothy (September 16, 2006). <i>Canadians at Table: Food, Fellowship, and Folklore: A Culinary History of Canada</i>. Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-235-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-77070-235-6"><bdi>978-1-77070-235-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadians+at+Table%3A+Food%2C+Fellowship%2C+and+Folklore%3A+A+Culinary+History+of+Canada&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2006-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1-77070-235-6&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelch2013-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kelch2013_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelch2013" class="citation book cs1">Kelch, Kalie (August 27, 2013). <i>Grab Your Boarding Pass</i>. Review & Herald Publishing Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8127-5654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8127-5654-8"><bdi>978-0-8127-5654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grab+Your+Boarding+Pass&rft.pub=Review+%26+Herald+Publishing+Association&rft.date=2013-08-27&rft.isbn=978-0-8127-5654-8&rft.aulast=Kelch&rft.aufirst=Kalie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307024748/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-thanksgiving-berkeley-virginia-pilgrim-archaeology">"The First Thanksgiving"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-thanksgiving-berkeley-virginia-pilgrim-archaeology">the original</a> on March 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Thanksgiving&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2Ffirst-thanksgiving-berkeley-virginia-pilgrim-archaeology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodlief" class="citation web cs1">Woodlief, H. Graham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkeleyplantation.com/first-thanksgiving.html">"History of the First Thanksgiving"</a>. Berkeley Plantation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123232444/http://www.berkeleyplantation.com/first-thanksgiving.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+First+Thanksgiving&rft.pub=Berkeley+Plantation&rft.aulast=Woodlief&rft.aufirst=H.+Graham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeleyplantation.com%2Ffirst-thanksgiving.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Julian-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Julian_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulianThe_Boston_Globe1996" class="citation web cs1">Julian S, The Boston Globe (November 20, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-11-20-9611200300-story.html">"HISTORY IS SERVED"</a>. <i>chicagotribune.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826170449/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1996-11-20/entertainment/9611200300_1_plimoth-plantation-pilgrims-william-brewster">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chicagotribune.com&rft.atitle=HISTORY+IS+SERVED&rft.date=1996-11-20&rft.aulast=Julian&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=The+Boston+Globe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1996-11-20-9611200300-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2009aChapter_1_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaker2009a">Baker 2009a</a>, Chapter 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-History2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-History2_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlvin_J._Schmidt2004" class="citation book cs1">Alvin J. Schmidt (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qf9nq9lFwyQC&q=thanksgiving+holiday+give+thanks+God+Noah&pg=PA381"><i>How Christianity Changed the World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Zondervan" title="Zondervan">Zondervan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310264491" title="Special:BookSources/9780310264491"><bdi>9780310264491</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117022916/https://books.google.com/books?id=qf9nq9lFwyQC&q=thanksgiving+holiday+give+thanks+God+Noah&pg=PA381">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Christianity+Changed+the+World&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780310264491&rft.au=Alvin+J.+Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqf9nq9lFwyQC%26q%3Dthanksgiving%2Bholiday%2Bgive%2Bthanks%2BGod%2BNoah%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunker,_Nick2010" class="citation book cs1">Bunker, Nick (2010). <i>Making Haste From Babylon: the Mayflower Pilgrims and Their World</i>. New York: Vintage Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">220–</span>21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307386267" title="Special:BookSources/9780307386267"><bdi>9780307386267</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Haste+From+Babylon%3A+the+Mayflower+Pilgrims+and+Their+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E220-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780307386267&rft.au=Bunker%2C+Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradford, <i>Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–1647</i>, pp. 120–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradford, <i>History of Plymouth Plantation</i>, pp. 135–42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fastthanksgiving00love_0/page/84"><i>The fast and thanksgiving days of New England</i></a> by William DeLoss Love, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., Cambridge, 1895</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman,_Jason_Andrew2009" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Jason Andrew (2009). <i>The origins of Canadian and American political differences</i>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674031364" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674031364"><bdi>978-0674031364</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origins+of+Canadian+and+American+political+differences&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0674031364&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Jason+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlos" class="citation web cs1">Klos, Stanley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thanksgivingproclamations.com/">"Thanksgiving Day Proclamations"</a>. <i>Presidential Thanksgiving Proclamations</i>. Historic.us. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017023053/http://www.thanksgivingproclamations.com/">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Thanksgiving+Proclamations&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+Day+Proclamations&rft.aulast=Klos&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thanksgivingproclamations.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006159–66-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006159–66_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodgson2006">Hodgson 2006</a>, pp. 159–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006167-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHodgson2006167_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHodgson2006">Hodgson 2006</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GW1789-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GW1789_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-04-02-0091">"Thanksgiving Proclamation, 3 October 1789"</a>. <i>George Washington Papers</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=George+Washington+Papers&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+Proclamation%2C+3+October+1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffounders.archives.gov%2Fdocuments%2FWashington%2F05-04-02-0091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=9511">"John F. Kennedy 35th President, Thanksgiving Proclamation, Nov. 5, 1963"</a>. 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Routledge. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-32359-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-32359-2"><bdi>978-1-135-32359-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Food+in+the+USA%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-10-18&rft.isbn=978-1-135-32359-2&rft.aulast=Counihan&rft.aufirst=Carole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rove.me/to/new-york/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade">"Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927101457/https://rove.me/to/new-york/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macy%27s+Thanksgiving+Day+Parade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frove.me%2Fto%2Fnew-york%2Fmacys-thanksgiving-day-parade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://6abc.com/tag/6abc-thanksgiving-day-parade/">"6ABC THANKSGIVING DAY PARADE"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191013100115/https://6abc.com/tag/6abc-thanksgiving-day-parade/">Archived</a> from the original on October 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=6ABC+THANKSGIVING+DAY+PARADE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F6abc.com%2Ftag%2F6abc-thanksgiving-day-parade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neworleans.com/event/bayou-classic/3224/">"Bayou Classic"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915132952/https://www.neworleans.com/event/bayou-classic/3224/">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bayou+Classic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.neworleans.com%2Fevent%2Fbayou-classic%2F3224%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHargis,_Toni2013" class="citation web cs1">Hargis, Toni (November 4, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbcamerica.com/mind-the-gap/2013/11/04/brits-guide-holiday-season/">"A Brit's Guide to the Holiday Season"</a>. BBC America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118145944/http://www.bbcamerica.com/mind-the-gap/2013/11/04/brits-guide-holiday-season/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brit%27s+Guide+to+the+Holiday+Season&rft.pub=BBC+America&rft.date=2013-11-04&rft.au=Hargis%2C+Toni&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbcamerica.com%2Fmind-the-gap%2F2013%2F11%2F04%2Fbrits-guide-holiday-season%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/11/thanksgiving-day-celebrate-171115142125961.html">"When is Thanksgiving Day and why is it celebrated"</a>. November 22, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190328162637/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/11/thanksgiving-day-celebrate-171115142125961.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+is+Thanksgiving+Day+and+why+is+it+celebrated&rft.date=2018-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F11%2Fthanksgiving-day-celebrate-171115142125961.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFetters2018" class="citation web cs1">Fetters, Ashley (November 15, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/11/millennials-friendsgiving-history/575941/">"How Friendsgiving Took Over Millennial Culture"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504083741/https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/11/millennials-friendsgiving-history/575941/">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Friendsgiving+Took+Over+Millennial+Culture&rft.date=2018-11-15&rft.aulast=Fetters&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ffamily%2Farchive%2F2018%2F11%2Fmillennials-friendsgiving-history%2F575941%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gov.gd/holiday_events.html">"Public Holidays & Events 2017"</a>. <i>GOV.gd</i>. October 12, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623100105/http://www.gov.gd/holiday_events.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.gd&rft.atitle=Public+Holidays+%26+Events+2017&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.gd%2Fholiday_events.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2009a" class="citation book cs1">Baker, James W. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoMhqK9Z5HwC"><i>Thanksgiving: The Biography of an American Holiday</i></a>. UPNE. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-801-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-801-6"><bdi>978-1-58465-801-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thanksgiving%3A+The+Biography+of+an+American+Holiday&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-801-6&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoMhqK9Z5HwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBangs" class="citation web cs1">Bangs, Jeremy D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102223739/http://www.sail1620.org/history/articles/93-roast-bull-cranberry-sauce.html">"Thanksgiving on the Net: Roast Bull with Cranberry Sauce"</a>. <i>Sail 1620</i>. Society of Mayflower Descendants in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sail1620.org/history/articles/93-roast-bull-cranberry-sauce.html">the original</a> on November 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sail+1620&rft.atitle=Thanksgiving+on+the+Net%3A+Roast+Bull+with+Cranberry+Sauce&rft.aulast=Bangs&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sail1620.org%2Fhistory%2Farticles%2F93-roast-bull-cranberry-sauce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColman2008" class="citation book cs1">Colman, Penny (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrEqiLORTFoC"><i>Thanksgiving: The True Story</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805082296" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805082296"><bdi>978-0805082296</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thanksgiving%3A+The+True+Story&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0805082296&rft.aulast=Colman&rft.aufirst=Penny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmrEqiLORTFoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowSlapin,_Beverly2006" class="citation web cs1">Dow, Judy; Slapin, Beverly (June 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129070235/http://www.oyate.org/resources/shortthanks.html">"Deconstructing the Myths of "The First Thanksgiving"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Oyate.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oyate.org/resources/shortthanks.html">the original</a> on November 29, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deconstructing+the+Myths+of+%22The+First+Thanksgiving%22&rft.pub=Oyate.org&rft.date=2006-06-12&rft.aulast=Dow&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.au=Slapin%2C+Beverly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oyate.org%2Fresources%2Fshortthanks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillstrom2007" class="citation book cs1">Hillstrom, Laurie Collier (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LpAXAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Thanksgiving book: a companion to the holiday covering its history, lore, ...</i></a> Omnigraphics. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0780804036" title="Special:BookSources/978-0780804036"><bdi>978-0780804036</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Thanksgiving+book%3A+a+companion+to+the+holiday+covering+its+history%2C+lore%2C+...&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Omnigraphics&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0780804036&rft.aulast=Hillstrom&rft.aufirst=Laurie+Collier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLpAXAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson2006" class="citation book cs1">Hodgson, Godfrey (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatgodlyadvent00hodg"><i>A Great and Godly Adventure; The Pilgrims and the Myth of the First Thanksgiving</i></a></span>. New York: Public Affairs. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatgodlyadvent00hodg/page/212">212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1586483739" title="Special:BookSources/978-1586483739"><bdi>978-1586483739</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Great+and+Godly+Adventure%3B+The+Pilgrims+and+the+Myth+of+the+First+Thanksgiving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1586483739&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=Godfrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatgodlyadvent00hodg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThanksgiving" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Thanksgiving</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Thanksgiving" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Thanksgiving">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Thanksgiving">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thanksgiving" class="extiw" title="q:Thanksgiving">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Thanksgiving" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Thanksgiving">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13959" class="extiw" title="d:Q13959">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Thanksgiving314" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:wheat;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thanksgiving" title="Template:Thanksgiving"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thanksgiving" title="Template talk:Thanksgiving"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thanksgiving" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thanksgiving"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Thanksgiving314" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thanksgiving</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">History and<br />traditions</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Canada)" title="Thanksgiving (Canada)">Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Martin Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrims</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower">Mayflower</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(governor)" title="William Bradford (governor)">William Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winslow" title="Edward Winslow">Edward Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Brewster" title="Mary Brewster">Mary Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_White_(Mayflower_passenger)" title="Susanna White (Mayflower passenger)">Susanna White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoset" title="Samoset">Samoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squanto" title="Squanto">Squanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massasoit" title="Massasoit">Massasoit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">Cornucopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">National Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franksgiving" title="Franksgiving">Franksgiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Turkey_Presentation" title="National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation">National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Josepha_Hale" title="Sarah Josepha Hale">Sarah Josepha Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_from_Want" title="Freedom from Want">Freedom from Want</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mourt%27s_Relation" title="Mourt's Relation">Mourt's Relation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friendsgiving" title="Friendsgiving">Friendsgiving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erntedankfest_D%C3%BCsseldorf-Urdenbach" title="Erntedankfest Düsseldorf-Urdenbach">Erntedankfest Düsseldorf-Urdenbach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Cuisine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_fryer" title="Turkey fryer">Deep-fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turducken" title="Turducken">Turducken</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffing" title="Stuffing">Stuffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravy" title="Gravy">Gravy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butternut_squash" title="Butternut squash">Butternut squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider" title="Apple cider">Apple cider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_sauce" title="Cranberry sauce">Cranberry sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creamed_corn" title="Creamed corn">Creamed corn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashed_potato" title="Mashed potato">Mashed potatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">Sweet potatoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succotash" title="Succotash">Succotash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bean_casserole" title="Green bean casserole">Green bean casserole</a></li> <li>Pie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie" title="Pumpkin pie">Pumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan_pie" title="Pecan pie">Pecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato_pie" title="Sweet potato pie">Sweet Potato</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Media</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving_songs" title="Category:Thanksgiving songs">Songs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alice%27s_Restaurant" title="Alice's Restaurant">Alice's Restaurant</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bless_This_House_(song)" title="Bless This House (song)">Bless This House</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bringing_In_the_Sheaves" title="Bringing In the Sheaves">Bringing In the Sheaves</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come,_Ye_Thankful_People,_Come" title="Come, Ye Thankful People, Come">Come, Ye Thankful People, Come</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_the_Beauty_of_the_Earth" title="For the Beauty of the Earth">For the Beauty of the Earth</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_All_Things_Now_Living" class="mw-redirect" title="Let All Things Now Living">Let All Things Now Living</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_River_and_Through_the_Wood" title="Over the River and Through the Wood">Over the River and Through the Wood</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Song" title="The Thanksgiving Song">The Thanksgiving Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Gather_Together" title="We Gather Together">We Gather Together</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Plough_the_Fields_and_Scatter" title="We Plough the Fields and Scatter">We Plough the Fields and Scatter</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_My_Mule" title="Hold My Mule">You Name It</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Thanksgiving_television_specials" title="Category:Thanksgiving television specials">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Bart_vs._Thanksgiving" title="Bart vs. Thanksgiving">Bart vs. Thanksgiving</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Berenstain_Bears_Meet_Bigpaw" title="The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw">The Berenstain Bears Meet Bigpaw</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bugs_Bunny%27s_Thanksgiving_Diet" title="Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet">Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Charlie_Brown_Thanksgiving" title="A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving">A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garfield%27s_Thanksgiving" title="Garfield's Thanksgiving">Garfield's Thanksgiving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_Thanksgiving" title="Intergalactic Thanksgiving">Intergalactic Thanksgiving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga_and_the_Muppets_Holiday_Spectacular" title="Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular">Lady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mouse_on_the_Mayflower" title="The Mouse on the Mayflower">The Mouse on the Mayflower</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Favorite_Things" title="Oprah's Favorite Things">Oprah's Favorite Things</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saints_%26_Strangers" title="Saints & Strangers">Saints & Strangers</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slapsgiving" title="Slapsgiving">Slapsgiving</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Slapsgiving_2:_Revenge_of_the_Slap" title="Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap">Slapsgiving 2: Revenge of the Slap</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars_Holiday_Special" title="Star Wars Holiday Special">Star Wars Holiday Special</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(Family_Guy)" title="Thanksgiving (Family Guy)">Thanksgiving</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Orphans" title="Thanksgiving Orphans">Thanksgiving Orphans</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Thanksgiving_Special" title="The Thanksgiving Special">The Thanksgiving Special</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Hollow" title="Turkey Hollow">Turkey Hollow</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turkeys_Away" title="Turkeys Away">Turkeys Away</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Very_Gaga_Thanksgiving" title="A Very Gaga Thanksgiving">A Very Gaga Thanksgiving</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Winnie_the_Pooh_Thanksgiving" title="A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving">A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Associated<br />events</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas and holiday season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">Harvest festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvest_festivals" title="List of harvest festivals">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_Thanksgiving" title="List of films set around Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving in film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thanksgiving_television_specials" title="List of Thanksgiving television specials">Thanksgiving television specials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_winter_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of winter festivals">Winter festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Great_Tree" title="Macy's Great Tree">Lighting of the Macy's Great Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Adoption_Day" title="National Adoption Day">National Adoption Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Black Friday</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Black_Friday" title="Cyber Black Friday">Cyber Black Friday</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Listening" title="National Day of Listening">National Day of Listening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day">Native American Heritage Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber_Monday" title="Cyber Monday">Cyber Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving_Tuesday" class="mw-redirect" title="Giving Tuesday">Giving Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgivukkah" title="Thanksgivukkah">Thanksgivukkah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christmas_and_holiday_season_parades" title="List of Christmas and holiday season parades">Parades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novant_Health_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Novant Health Thanksgiving Day Parade">Novant Health <span style="font-size:85%;">(Charlotte)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="Chicago Thanksgiving Parade">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="America's Thanksgiving Parade">America's <span style="font-size:85%;">(Detroit)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchener%E2%80%93Waterloo_Oktoberfest" title="Kitchener–Waterloo Oktoberfest">Oktoberfest <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kitchener-Waterloo)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Christmas_Parade" title="Hollywood Christmas Parade">Hollywood Christmas <span style="font-size:85%;">(Los Angeles)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade">Macy's <span style="font-size:85%;">(New York City)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6abc_Dunkin%27_Donuts_Thanksgiving_Day_Parade" title="6abc Dunkin' Donuts Thanksgiving Day Parade">6abc-Dunkin' Donuts <span style="font-size:85%;">(Philadelphia)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celebrate_the_Season_Parade" title="Celebrate the Season Parade">Celebrate the Season <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pittsburgh)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Hometown_Thanksgiving_Parade" title="America's Hometown Thanksgiving Parade">America's Hometown <span style="font-size:85%;">(Plymouth)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Protests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Mourning_(United_States_protest)" title="National Day of Mourning (United States protest)">National Day of Mourning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unthanksgiving_Day" title="Unthanksgiving Day">Unthanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buy_Nothing_Day" title="Buy Nothing Day">Buy Nothing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:navajowhite;text-align:center;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Football68" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/American_football_on_Thanksgiving" title="American football on Thanksgiving">Football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NFL_on_Thanksgiving_Day" title="NFL on Thanksgiving Day">NFL on Thanksgiving Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_Day_Classic" title="Thanksgiving Day Classic">CFL Thanksgiving Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Day_Classic" title="Turkey Day Classic">Turkey Day Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;"><a href="/wiki/Turkey_trot" title="Turkey trot">Turkey trots</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berwick_Run_for_the_Diamonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Berwick Run for the Diamonds">Berwick Run for the Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Turkey_Trot" title="Buffalo Turkey Trot">Buffalo Turkey Trot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Turkey_Trot" title="Dallas Turkey Trot">Dallas Turkey Trot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feaster_Five_Road_Race" title="Feaster Five Road Race">Feaster Five Road Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Road_Race" title="Manchester Road Race">Manchester Road Race</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;background:cornsilk;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Dog_Show" title="National Dog Show">National Dog Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punkin_chunkin" title="Punkin chunkin">Pumpkin chucking / Pumpkin shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_bowling" title="Turkey bowling">Turkey bowling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_Night_Grand_Prix" title="Turkey Night Grand Prix">Turkey Night Grand Prix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parties_and_festivals449" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parties" title="Template:Parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parties" title="Template talk:Parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parties_and_festivals449" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Party" title="Party">Parties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festivals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Sorted by occasions, purposes or attributes</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wedding" title="Wedding">Wedding</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_party" title="Bachelor party">Bachelor party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelorette_party" title="Bachelorette party">Bachelorette party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_shower" title="Bridal shower">Bridal shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engagement_party" title="Engagement party">Engagement party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_reception" title="Wedding reception">Wedding reception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">Banquets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eid_cuisine" title="Eid cuisine">Eid cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_banquet" title="State banquet">State banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_(dance_event)" title="Ball (dance event)">Ball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debutante_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Debutante ball">Debutante ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_ball" title="Hunt ball">Hunt ball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">Symposium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/House_party" title="House party">House parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_reunion" title="Family reunion">Family reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_party" title="Cocktail party">Cocktail party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housewarming_party" title="Housewarming party">Housewarming party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepover" title="Sleepover">Sleepover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LAN_party" title="LAN party">LAN party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rent_party" title="Rent party">Rent party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiday" title="Holiday">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">Spring break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischief_Night" title="Mischief Night">Mischief Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_festival" title="Arts festival">Arts festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_awards_seasons" title="Film awards seasons">Film awards seasons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_festival" title="Religious festival">Religious festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feasts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Fools" title="Feast of Fools">Fools</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_festival" title="Food festival">Food festival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_festival" title="Beer festival">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_festival" title="Wine festival">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvest_festival" title="Harvest festival">Harvest festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_season_(United_Kingdom)" title="Social season (United Kingdom)">Social season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_festival" title="Garden festival">Garden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_festival" title="Tulip festival">Tulip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heortology" title="Heortology">Heortology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World%27s_fair" title="World's fair">World's fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_fair" title="State fair">State fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="County fair">County fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_show" title="Trade show">Trade fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Picnic" title="Picnic">Picnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_party" title="Block party">Block party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subway_party" title="Subway party">Subway party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailgate_party" title="Tailgate party">Tailgate party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anniversary" title="Anniversary">Anniversary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jubilee" title="Jubilee">Jubilee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremony" title="Ceremony">Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Children's party">Children's party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_shower" title="Baby shower">Baby shower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_reunion" title="Class reunion">Class reunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costume_party" title="Costume party">Costume party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masquerade_ball" title="Masquerade ball">Masqerade party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing_ball" title="Cross-dressing ball">Drag party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toga_party" title="Toga party">Toga party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naked_party" title="Naked party">Naked party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_party" title="Crayfish party">Crayfish party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuddle_party" title="Cuddle party">Cuddle party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_party" title="Dance party">Dance party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prom" title="Prom">Prom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homecoming" title="Homecoming">Homecoming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_party" title="Foam party">Foam party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_party" title="Hurricane party">Hurricane party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_party" title="Kitty party">Kitty party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamper_party" title="Pamper party">Pamper party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">Parade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marching" title="Marching">Marching</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_party" title="Pizza party">Pizza party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiet_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiet party">Quiet party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_light_party" title="Stop light party">Stop light party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_party" title="Tea party">Tea party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Western_dress_codes23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_dress_codes" title="Western dress codes">Western dress codes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">Formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_tie" title="White tie">White tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_dress" title="Morning dress">Morning dress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-formal_wear" title="Semi-formal wear">Semi-formal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_tie" title="Black tie">Black tie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_lounge_suit" title="Black lounge suit">Black lounge suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">Informal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">Suit</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_dress" title="Wedding dress">Wedding dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western_wedding_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Contemporary Western wedding dress">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridal_crown" title="Bridal crown">Bridal crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dress" title="Dress">Dress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evening_gown" title="Evening gown">Evening gown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_gown" title="Ball gown">Ball gown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9butante_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Débutante dress">Debutante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_glove" title="Evening glove">Opera gloves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocktail_dress" title="Cocktail dress">Cocktail dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garter" title="Garter">Garters</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Casual_wear" title="Casual wear">Casual</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon" title="Balloon">Balloon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_modelling" title="Balloon modelling">Balloon modelling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confetti" title="Confetti">Confetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_candy" title="Cotton candy">Cotton candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deely_bobber" title="Deely bobber">Deely bobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_(parade)" title="Float (parade)">Float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glow_stick" title="Glow stick">Glow stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groucho_glasses" title="Groucho glasses">Groucho glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_hat" title="Party hat">Party hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_glasses" title="New Year's glasses">New Year's glasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_bus" title="Party bus">Party bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_horn" title="Party horn">Party horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_popper" title="Party popper">Party popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_streamer" title="Serpentine streamer">Serpentine streamer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/16px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/24px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Parties" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Parties">Media</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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