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class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Visayas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visayas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mindanao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mindanao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Mindanao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mindanao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mexico subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Baja_California_Sur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baja_California_Sur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Baja California Sur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baja_California_Sur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuevo_León" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuevo_León"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Nuevo León</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuevo_León-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sonora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sonora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Sonora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sonora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Durango" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Durango"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Durango</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Durango-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jalisco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jalisco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Jalisco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jalisco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zacatecas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zacatecas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Zacatecas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zacatecas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guanajuato" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guanajuato"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Guanajuato</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guanajuato-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chihuahua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chihuahua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Chihuahua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chihuahua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coahuila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coahuila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Coahuila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coahuila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Luis_Potosí" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Luis_Potosí"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>San Luis Potosí</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Luis_Potosí-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidalgo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidalgo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Hidalgo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidalgo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Querétaro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Querétaro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Querétaro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Querétaro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Carolina[5]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Carolina[5]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>South Carolina<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Carolina[5]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Georgia[5]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Georgia[5]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Georgia<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Georgia[5]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Florida[5]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Florida[5]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Florida<sup><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Florida[5]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louisiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louisiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Louisiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louisiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Texas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>New Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arizona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arizona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Arizona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arizona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_and_further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_and_further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References and further reading</span> </div> 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id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:DeLaMancha_Nahual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:DeLaMancha Nahual (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1199182143"><bdi>DeLaMancha Nahual</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:DeLaMancha_Nahual" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:DeLaMancha Nahual">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/DeLaMancha_Nahual" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/DeLaMancha Nahual">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">08:29, 26 January 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Mexico">→<bdi dir="ltr">Mexico</bdi></a></span>)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidio">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 08:29, 26 January 2024 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:DeLaMancha_Nahual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:DeLaMancha Nahual (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1199182143"><bdi>DeLaMancha Nahual</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:DeLaMancha_Nahual" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:DeLaMancha Nahual">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/DeLaMancha_Nahual" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/DeLaMancha Nahual">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Mexico">→<bdi dir="ltr">Mexico</bdi></a></span>)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio&diff=prev&oldid=1199182143" title="Presidio">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio&direction=prev&oldid=1199182143" title="Presidio">← Previous revision</a> | <a href="/wiki/Presidio" title="Presidio">Latest revision</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio&diff=cur&oldid=1199182143" title="Presidio">diff</a>) | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio&direction=next&oldid=1199182143" title="Presidio">Newer revision →</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio&diff=next&oldid=1199182143" title="Presidio">diff</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Presidio_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Presidio (disambiguation)">Presidio (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fort type</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pe%C3%B1afiel,_Valladolid,_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pe%C3%B1afiel%2C_Valladolid%2C_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Pe%C3%B1afiel%2C_Valladolid%2C_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pe%C3%B1afiel%2C_Valladolid%2C_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg/375px-Pe%C3%B1afiel%2C_Valladolid%2C_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pe%C3%B1afiel%2C_Valladolid%2C_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-Pe%C3%B1afiel%2C_Valladolid%2C_Spain_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3449" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1afiel_Castle" title="Peñafiel Castle">Peñafiel Castle</a>, both Arab and Spanish fortification</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>presidio</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Lang-en&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Lang-en (page does not exist)">Template:Lang-en</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a fortified base established by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> between the <a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th</a> and <a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th</a> centuries in areas under their control or influence. The term is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> word <i>praesidium</i> meaning <i>protection</i> or <i>defense</i>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the presidios were outposts of the Christian defense against Islamic raids. In the Americas, the <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortresses</a> were built to protect against raids by <a href="/wiki/Pirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate">pirates</a>, rival colonial powers, and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native Americans</a>. </p><p>Later in western <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, with independence, the Mexicans garrisoned the Spanish presidios on the northern frontier and followed the same pattern in unsettled frontier regions such as the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Sonoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio of Sonoma">Presidio de Sonoma</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma, California</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_Calabasas" title="Presidio de Calabasas">Presidio de Calabasas</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>. </p><p>In western North America, a <i>rancho del rey</i> or <i>king<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s ranch</i> would be established a short distance outside a presidio. This was a tract of land assigned to the presidio to furnish pasturage to the horses and other beasts of burden of the garrison. Mexico called this facility "rancho nacional".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidios were only accessible to Spanish military and soldiers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_Africa">North Africa</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/European_enclaves_in_North_Africa_before_1830" title="European enclaves in North Africa before 1830">European enclaves in North Africa before 1830</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceuta_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ceuta_Spain.jpg/220px-Ceuta_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ceuta_Spain.jpg/330px-Ceuta_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ceuta_Spain.jpg/440px-Ceuta_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Walls_of_Ceuta" title="Royal Walls of Ceuta">Royal Walls of Ceuta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Granada_War" title="Granada War">Granada War</a> and the completion of the Spanish <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Catholic Monarchs</a> took their fight across the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait of Gibraltar</a>, as the Portuguese had done several generations earlier with the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> in 1415. The establishment of Spanish military outposts on the North African coast echoed earlier endeavors by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> in the 12th century (and again in <a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a> under <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily" title="Frederick III of Sicily">Frederick III of Sicily</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a> in the 13th century (<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a> of 1270). During the period of <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a> between 1580 and 1640, the Spanish Crown gained Ceuta and the Portuguese outposts on the Atlantic Coast, such as <a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagão/El Jadida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>; but of these, it only retained Ceuta by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lisbon_(1668)" title="Treaty of Lisbon (1668)">Treaty of Lisbon (1668)</a>. </p><p>The Spanish North African <i>presidios</i> are listed here in geographical sequence, from West to East, and including neither Spain's Atlantic settlements in the Moroccan far South (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Mar_Peque%C3%B1a" title="Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña">Santa Cruz de la Mar Pequeña</a>) nor outposts gained after 1830 (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a>). </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">Mehdya, Morocco</a> (<i>La Mamora</i> or <i>San Miguel de Ultramar</i>), 1614–1681</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>, 1610–1689</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, acquired from Portugal in 1668</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a>, 1508–1522 and since 1564</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a>, since 1559</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazaza" title="Cazaza">Cazaza</a>, 1505–1533</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, since 1497</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honaine" title="Honaine">Honaine</a>, briefly in 1534</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mers_El_K%C3%A9bir" title="Mers El Kébir">Mers El Kébir</a> (<i>Mazalquivir</i>), 1505–1708 and 1732–1792</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>, 1509–1708 and 1732–1792</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> (<i>Argel</i>), 1510–1516; <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers" title="Peñón of Algiers">Peñón islet</a> until 1529</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a> (<i>Bugia</i>), 1510–1555</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaba" title="Annaba">Annaba</a> (<i>Bona</i>), 1535–1540</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a> (<i>Bizerta</i>), 1535–1574</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Goulette" title="La Goulette">La Goulette</a> (<i>La Goleta</i>), 1535–1574</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> (<i>Túnez</i>), 1573–1574 (protectorate from 1535 to 1569)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a> (<i>Susa</i>), 1537–1574</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>, 1550–1554</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdia" title="Mahdia">Mahdia</a> (<i>Mahdía</i>), 1550–1553</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a> (<i>Yerba</i>), 1521–1523 and 1551–1560</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Tripoli</a> (<i>Trípoli</i>), 1510–1530 then granted to the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> who <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">held it</a> until 1551</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vélez de la Gomera"><img alt="Vélez de la Gomera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg/120px-Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg/180px-Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg/240px-Velez_de_la_Gomera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera">Vélez de la Gomera</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Melilla"><img alt="Melilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg/120px-Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg/180px-Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg/240px-Melilla_un_d%C3%ADa_de_regatas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3856" data-file-height="2576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mers El Kébir"><img alt="Mers El Kébir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg/120px-Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg/180px-Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg/240px-Spanish_fortress_mers_El_kebir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3981" data-file-height="2986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mers_El_K%C3%A9bir" title="Mers El Kébir">Mers El Kébir</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bordj_Moussa.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spanish fort (Bordj Moussa) in Béjaïa"><img alt="Spanish fort (Bordj Moussa) in Béjaïa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordj_Moussa.jpeg/120px-Bordj_Moussa.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordj_Moussa.jpeg/180px-Bordj_Moussa.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Bordj_Moussa.jpeg/240px-Bordj_Moussa.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spanish fort (<i>Bordj Moussa</i>) in <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="La Goulette"><img alt="La Goulette" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG/120px-LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG/180px-LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG/240px-LA_GOULETTE_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/La_Goulette" title="La Goulette">La Goulette</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spanish fort of Chikly Island on the Lake of Tunis"><img alt="Spanish fort of Chikly Island on the Lake of Tunis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg/120px-Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg/180px-Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg/240px-Chikly_avec_le_Djebel_Zaghouan_en_arri%C3%A8re-plan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3818" data-file-height="2550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spanish fort of <a href="/wiki/Chikly" title="Chikly">Chikly</a> Island on the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_Tunis" title="Lake of Tunis">Lake of Tunis</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tripoli_castle2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red Castle of Tripoli"><img alt="Red Castle of Tripoli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tripoli_castle2.jpg/120px-Tripoli_castle2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tripoli_castle2.jpg/180px-Tripoli_castle2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tripoli_castle2.jpg/240px-Tripoli_castle2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Red_Castle_of_Tripoli" title="Red Castle of Tripoli">Red Castle of Tripoli</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italy">Italy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Presidi" title="State of the Presidi">State of the Presidi</a></div> <p>Several fortresses formerly held by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Republic of Siena</a> were acquired by Spain following the latter's demise, by treaty between <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> on 3 July 1557, to form what became known as the <i>Estado de los Presidios</i>. They were held by Spain until the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>, when they came under Austrian ownership, and were administered from <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Ercole" title="Porto Ercole">Porto Ercole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Santo_Stefano" title="Porto Santo Stefano">Porto Santo Stefano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbetello" title="Orbetello">Orbetello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamone" title="Talamone">Talamone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansedonia" title="Ansedonia">Ansedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giannutri" title="Giannutri">Giannutri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Azzurro" title="Porto Azzurro">Porto Azzurro</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Forte Filippo (Philip II Fortress), Porto Ercole"><img alt="Forte Filippo (Philip II Fortress), Porto Ercole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG/120px-Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG/180px-Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG/240px-Porto_Ercole_-_Vista_fortezza_dalla_rocca.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Forte Filippo (Philip II Fortress), <a href="/wiki/Porto_Ercole" title="Porto Ercole">Porto Ercole</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_(GR).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Forte Stella, Porto Ercole"><img alt="Forte Stella, Porto Ercole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg/120px-Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg/180px-Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg/240px-Forte_Stella_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Forte Stella, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Ercole" title="Porto Ercole">Porto Ercole</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_(GR).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Governors Palace, Porto Ercole"><img alt="Governors Palace, Porto Ercole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg/90px-Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg/135px-Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg/180px-Palazzo_dei_Governanti_Porto_Ercole_%28GR%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Governors Palace, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Ercole" title="Porto Ercole">Porto Ercole</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philippines">Philippines</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines">Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png/220px-Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png/330px-Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png/440px-Locations_of_Spanish_Presidios_in_the_Philippines.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Presidios built in the Philippines during the 1600s, in <i>Fortress of Empire</i> by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luzon">Luzon</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Fort_Santiago" title="Fort Santiago">Presidio de Santiago</a>, founded in 1593 in <a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Intramuros</a>, Manila</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Felipe_(Cavite)" title="Fort San Felipe (Cavite)">Presidio de San Felipe (Cavite)</a>, founded in 1609 in San Roque, <a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visayas">Visayas</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_Lawis" title="Presidio de Lawis">Presidio de Lawis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madridejos,_Cebu" title="Madridejos, Cebu">Madridejos, Cebu</a>, the current structure is the oldest in the country laid down around 1628–1630</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro_(Iloilo)" title="Fort San Pedro (Iloilo)">Presidio (Fort) de San Pedro (Iloilo)</a>, founded in 1616 in <a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Pedro" title="Fort San Pedro">Presidio de San Pedro (Cebu)</a>, founded in 1630 in <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mindanao">Mindanao</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pilar" title="Fort Pilar">Presidio de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragoza</a>, founded in 1635 in <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mexico">Mexico</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_(8776614998).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_%288776614998%29.jpg/220px-Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_%288776614998%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_%288776614998%29.jpg/330px-Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_%288776614998%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_%288776614998%29.jpg/440px-Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3_%288776614998%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Presidio, <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3" title="Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó">Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg/220px-FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg/330px-FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg/440px-FACHADA_DE_PRESIDENCIA_DE_CERRALVO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Former <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_San_Gregorio_de_Cerralvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo (page does not exist)">Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo</a> reconverted into the town hall</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg/220px-Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg/330px-Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg/440px-Isla_de_Mezcala_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Presidio, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezcala_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezcala Island (page does not exist)">Mezcala Island</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Mezcala" class="extiw" title="es:Isla de Mezcala">es</a>]</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Few presidios were established in the present-day desert frontier regions in northern Mexico to control and confine the existing rebellious indigenous tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Captured indigenous warriors were confined and enslaved at the presidio.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presidios was used to protect the colonial silver ship from rebellious raids from Indians in <a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a>, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Zacatecas" title="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato" title="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</a>, starting new settlements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baja_California_Sur">Baja California Sur</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_Loreto_Conch%C3%B3#Founding" title="Misión de Nuestra Señora de Loreto Conchó">Real Presidio de Loreto</a>, founded in 1697 in <a href="/wiki/Loreto,_Baja_California_Sur" title="Loreto, Baja California Sur">Loreto, Baja California Sur</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Misi%C3%B3n_Estero_de_las_Palmas_de_San_Jos%C3%A9_del_Cabo_A%C3%B1uit%C3%AD" title="Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití">Presidio San José del Cabo</a>, founded in 1735 in <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9_del_Cabo" title="San José del Cabo">San José del Cabo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuevo_León"><span id="Nuevo_Le.C3.B3n"></span>Nuevo León</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_San_Gregorio_de_Cerralvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo (page does not exist)">Presidio San Gregorio de Cerralvo</a>, founded in 1626 in <a href="/wiki/Cerralvo_Municipality" title="Cerralvo Municipality">Cerralvo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonora">Sonora</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista, founded in 1726 in <a href="/wiki/Hermosillo" title="Hermosillo">Hermosillo</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_Santa_Gertrudis_del_Altar" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio Santa Gertrudis del Altar">Presidio Santa Gertrudis del Altar</a>, founded in 1755 in <a href="/wiki/Altar,_Sonora" title="Altar, Sonora">Altar, Sonora</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_Santa_Rosa_de_Corod%C3%A9guachi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de Santa Rosa de Corodéguachi (page does not exist)">Presidio de Santa Rosa de Corodéguachi</a>, founded in 1692, near the <a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> border and later moved to <a href="/wiki/Fronteras,_Sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronteras, Sonora">Fronteras, Sonora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Durango">Durango</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_Santa_Catalina_de_Tepehuanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de Santa Catalina de Tepehuanes (page does not exist)">Presidio de Santa Catalina de Tepehuanes</a> (1620 – 1690s?), in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_de_Tepehuanes" title="Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes">Santa Catarina de Tepehuanes</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_del_Pasaje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio del Pasaje (page does not exist)">Presidio del Pasaje</a> (1685), on <a href="/wiki/Rio_Nazas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Nazas">Rio Nazas</a> northwest of <a href="/wiki/Cuencam%C3%A9,_Durango" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuencamé, Durango">Cuencamé</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_San_Pedro_del_Gallo" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo">Presidio de San Pedro del Gallo</a> (1690s), in <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_del_Gallo" title="San Pedro del Gallo">San Pedro del Gallo</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_Santiago_de_Mapim%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de Santiago de Mapimí (page does not exist)">Presidio de Santiago de Mapimí</a> (1715), in <a href="/wiki/Mapim%C3%AD,_Durango" title="Mapimí, Durango">Mapimí</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_San_Miguel_de_Cerrogordo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo (page does not exist)">Presidio de San Miguel de Cerrogordo</a> (1648–1767) in <a href="/wiki/Villa_Hidalgo,_Durango" title="Villa Hidalgo, Durango">Villa Hidalgo</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jalisco">Jalisco</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/Jamay" title="Jamay">Jamay</a>, founded in 1529.</li> <li>The Presidio Ojuelos, founded in 1570, which developed into the city of <a href="/wiki/Ojuelos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojuelos">Ojuelos</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio de Santa María de los Lagos, founded in 1563 in <a href="/wiki/Lagos_de_Moreno" title="Lagos de Moreno">Lagos de Moreno</a>.</li> <li>El Fuerte de la Isla, founded in 1817 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezcala_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezcala Island (page does not exist)">Mezcala Island</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Mezcala" class="extiw" title="es:Isla de Mezcala">es</a>]</span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio de San Francisco de Penxamo, founded in 1542 in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9njamo" title="Pénjamo">Pénjamo</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio Guadalajara (1532-1533) near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Nochistl%C3%A1n" title="Nochistlán">Nochistlán</a>, abandoned in 1533.</li> <li>The Presidio de Fresnillo, founded in 1554 in <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9njamo" title="Pénjamo">Pénjamo</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio Bocas (1570 – ?), near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Ojocaliente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojocaliente">Ojocaliente</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio Ciénega Grande (1570 – ?), near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Ojocaliente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojocaliente">Ojocaliente</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio de Jerez de la Frontera, founded in 1570 in <a href="/wiki/Jerez_de_Garc%C3%ADa_Salinas" title="Jerez de García Salinas">Jerez de García Salinas</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio Palmillas (1570 – ?), near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Ojocaliente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojocaliente">Ojocaliente</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio de San Pedro de Chalchihuites, founded in 1591 in <a href="/wiki/Chalchihuites" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalchihuites">Chalchihuites</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio de Sacramento y Real de Minas de Ojocaliente de Bastidas in 1620 in <a href="/wiki/Ojocaliente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojocaliente">Ojocaliente</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guanajuato">Guanajuato</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio de San Miguel el Grande, founded in 1542 in <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio de la Purisíma Concepción de Zalaya, founded in 1570 in <a href="/wiki/Celaya" title="Celaya">Celaya</a>.</li> <li>The Presidio de León, founded in 1576 in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hacienda_San_Crist%C3%B3bal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hacienda San Cristóbal (page does not exist)">Hacienda San Cristóbal</a>, founded in 1614 in <b>San Cristóbal</b> by the Viceroy <a href="/wiki/Diego_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba,_1st_Marquess_of_Guadalc%C3%A1zar" title="Diego Fernández de Córdoba, 1st Marquess of Guadalcázar">Diego Fernández de Córdoba</a>, now the present-day <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León, Guanajuato</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chihuahua">Chihuahua</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_El_Paso_del_R%C3%ADo_Grande_del_Norte" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio de El Paso del Río Grande del Norte">Presidio de El Paso del Río Grande del Norte</a> (1683–1773), at Ciudad Juárez, across the river from <a href="/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>. Later relocated south in 1773 to <a href="/wiki/Carrizal,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Carrizal, Chihuahua">Carrizal</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Janos,_Chihuahua" title="Janos, Chihuahua">Presidio de San Felipe y Santiago de Janos</a> (1691 – ?), in <a href="/wiki/Janos,_Chihuahua" title="Janos, Chihuahua">Janos</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_Casas_Grandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de Casas Grandes (page does not exist)">Presidio de Casas Grandes</a> (1686), was relocated to Janos in 1691.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_San_Francisco_de_Conchos" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio de San Francisco de Conchos">Presidio de San Francisco de Conchos</a>, founded in 1685 in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_de_Conchos" title="San Francisco de Conchos">San Francisco de Conchos</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_San_Bartolom%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de San Bartolomé (page does not exist)">Presidio de San Bartolomé</a> (? – 1710), located 20 km east of <a href="/wiki/Parral,_Chihuahua" title="Parral, Chihuahua">Parral</a>. Replaced by flying squadron operating from the Post of Valle de San Bartolomé (1710 – ?).</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_San_Carlos_de_Cerro_Gordo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de San Carlos de Cerro Gordo (page does not exist)">Presidio de San Carlos de Cerro Gordo</a>, founded in 1772 in <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Benavides" title="Manuel Benavides">Manuel Benavides</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_Nuestra_Se%C3%B1ora_de_las_Caldas_de_Guajoquilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de Nuestra Señora de las Caldas de Guajoquilla (page does not exist)">Presidio de Nuestra Señora de las Caldas de Guajoquilla</a>, founded in 1752 in <a href="/wiki/Jim%C3%A9nez,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiménez, Chihuahua">Jiménez</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_San_Fernando_de_Carrizal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de San Fernando de Carrizal (page does not exist)">Presidio de San Fernando de Carrizal</a> (1758 – ?)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coahuila">Coahuila</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_del_Sant%C3%ADsimo_Sacramento_del_Valle_de_Santa_Rosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio del Santísimo Sacramento del Valle de Santa Rosa (page does not exist)">Presidio del Santísimo Sacramento del Valle de Santa Rosa</a>, founded in 1780 in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_de_M%C3%BAzquiz" title="Santa Rosa de Múzquiz">Santa Rosa de Múzquiz</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_San_Juan_Bautista_del_R%C3%ADo_Grande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio San Juan Bautista del Río Grande (page does not exist)">Presidio San Juan Bautista del Río Grande</a>, founded around 1703 in <b>San Juan Bautista</b>, now the present-day <a href="/wiki/Guerrero,_Coahuila" title="Guerrero, Coahuila">Guerrero, Coahuila</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_San_Antonio_Bucareli_de_la_Babia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio San Antonio Bucareli de la Babia (page does not exist)">Presidio San Antonio Bucareli de la Babia</a>, founded in 1774 in <a href="/wiki/Cuatro_Ci%C3%A9negas" title="Cuatro Ciénegas">Cuatro Ciénegas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="San_Luis_Potosí"><span id="San_Luis_Potos.C3.AD"></span>San Luis Potosí</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio de Santiago de Los Valles de Oxitipa, founded in 1533 in <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Valles" title="Ciudad Valles">Ciudad Valles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidalgo">Hidalgo</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio de San Francisco, founded in 1522 in <a href="/wiki/Zimap%C3%A1n" title="Zimapán">Zimapán</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Querétaro"><span id="Quer.C3.A9taro"></span>Querétaro</h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio de San Juan Bautista del Río, founded in 1522 in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_del_R%C3%ADo" title="San Juan del Río">San Juan del Río</a></li> <li>The Presidio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxcala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxcala (page does not exist)">Maxcala</a>, founded in 1566 by the <a href="/wiki/Otomi" title="Otomi">Otomi</a> with Spanish Royal Writ to protect the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruta_de_la_Plata_(New_Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruta de la Plata (New Spain) (page does not exist)">Ruta de la Plata</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruta_de_la_Plata_(M%C3%A9xico)" class="extiw" title="es:Ruta de la Plata (México)">es</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Escobedo" title="Pedro Escobedo">Pedro Escobedo</a></li> <li>The Presidio Jalpan, founded in 1751 in <a href="/wiki/Jalpan_de_Serra" title="Jalpan de Serra">Jalpan de Serra</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Carolina[5]"><span id="South_Carolina.5B5.5D"></span>South Carolina<sup id="cite_ref-childers_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/Santa_Elena_(Spanish_Florida)" title="Santa Elena (Spanish Florida)">Santa Elena</a>, founded in 1566 on <a href="/wiki/Parris_Island,_South_Carolina" title="Parris Island, South Carolina">Parris Island</a>, destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> in 1576, re-established in 1577, abandoned in 1587</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Georgia[5]"><span id="Georgia.5B5.5D"></span>Georgia<sup id="cite_ref-childers_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/Guale" title="Guale">Guale</a>, founded in 1566, abandoned three months later</li> <li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Mocama" title="San Pedro de Mocama">San Pedro de Tacatacuru</a>, founded in 1569 on <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Island" title="Cumberland Island">Cumberland Island</a>, abandoned in 1573</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Florida[5]"><span id="Florida.5B5.5D"></span>Florida<sup id="cite_ref-childers_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-childers-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3></div> <ul><li>The Presidio San Augustin, founded in 1565, which developed into the city of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>, ceded to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821</li> <li>The Presidio San Mateo, founded in 1565 on the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Caroline" title="Fort Caroline">Fort Caroline</a>, captured and destroyed by the French in 1568</li> <li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/Ais_people" title="Ais people">Ais</a>, founded in 1565 on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_River_Lagoon" title="Indian River Lagoon">Indian River Lagoon</a>, abandoned after one month</li> <li>The Presidio Santa Lucia, founded in 1565 near <a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral" title="Cape Canaveral">Cape Canaveral</a>, abandoned four months later</li> <li>The Presidio San Antonio de Padua, founded in 1566 at <a href="/wiki/Mound_Key_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Mound Key Archaeological State Park">Calos</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/Calusa" title="Calusa">Calusa</a>, abandoned in 1569</li> <li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/Tocobaga" title="Tocobaga">Tocobaga</a>, founded in 1567 on <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay" title="Tampa Bay">Tampa Bay</a>, destroyed by the Tocobagas within ten months</li> <li>The Presidio <a href="/wiki/Tequesta" title="Tequesta">Tequesta</a>, founded in 1567 on the site of what is now <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, abandoned in 1568</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_Santa_Maria_de_Galve" title="Presidio Santa Maria de Galve">Presidio Santa Maria de Galve</a>, founded in 1696, near <a href="/wiki/Fort_Barrancas" title="Fort Barrancas">Fort Barrancas</a> at present-day <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Pensacola" title="Naval Air Station Pensacola">Naval Air Station Pensacola</a>; captured by French in 1719, Spanish relocated to Presidio Bahía San José de Nueva Asturias (see below)</li> <li>The Presidio Bahía San José de Valladares, founded in 1701 on <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Bay" title="St. Joseph Bay">St. Joseph Bay</a>, captured by French in 1718</li> <li>The Presidio San Marcos de Apalachee, founded in 1718 at the existing port of San Marcos, which developed into the town of <a href="/wiki/St._Marks,_Florida" title="St. Marks, Florida">St. Marks</a>, ceded to Great Britain in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821</li> <li>The Presidio Bahía San José de Nueva Asturias, founded in 1719 on <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Peninsula" title="St. Joseph Peninsula">St. Joseph Point</a>, abandoned when Spanish regained Pensacola Bay area from French in 1722, Spanish relocated to Presidio Isla Santa Rosa Punta de Siguenza (see below)</li> <li>The Presidio Isla Santa Rosa Punta de Siguenza, founded in 1722 on <a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa_Island,_Florida" title="Santa Rosa Island, Florida">Santa Rosa Island</a>, destroyed by a hurricane in 1755, Spanish relocated to Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola (see below)</li> <li>The Presidio San Miguel de Panzacola, founded in 1755, which developed into the city of <a href="/wiki/Pensacola,_Florida" title="Pensacola, Florida">Pensacola</a>, ceded to Great Britain in 1763, regained 20 years later, and transferred to the United States in 1821</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Louisiana">Louisiana</h3></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Los_Adaes" title="Los Adaes">Presidio Nuestra Señora del Pilar de los Adaes</a>, founded in 1721 near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Robeline,_Louisiana" title="Robeline, Louisiana">Robeline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas">Texas</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Independence_(Goliad)_1836.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fort_Independence_%28Goliad%29_1836.jpg/220px-Fort_Independence_%28Goliad%29_1836.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fort_Independence_%28Goliad%29_1836.jpg/330px-Fort_Independence_%28Goliad%29_1836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fort_Independence_%28Goliad%29_1836.jpg/440px-Fort_Independence_%28Goliad%29_1836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidio_La_Bah%C3%ADa" title="Presidio La Bahía">Presidio La Bahía</a> in <a href="/wiki/Goliad,_Texas" title="Goliad, Texas">Goliad</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_Fuerte_de_Santa_Cruz_del_Cibolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio Fuerte de Santa Cruz del Cibolo (page does not exist)">Presidio Fuerte de Santa Cruz del Cibolo</a>, founded in 1734 and re-established in 1771 near <a href="/wiki/Cestohowa,_Texas" title="Cestohowa, Texas">Cestohowa, Texas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnes_County,_Texas" title="Karnes County, Texas">Karnes County, Texas</a>, (between San Antonio and Goliad).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_San_Antonio_de_B%C3%A9xar" title="Presidio San Antonio de Béxar">Presidio San Antonio de Béxar</a>, founded in 1718 in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_La_Bah%C3%ADa" title="Presidio La Bahía">Presidio Nuestra Señora de Loreto</a>, founded in 1721, near Lavaca Bay, now in <a href="/wiki/Goliad,_Texas" title="Goliad, Texas">Goliad</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_San_Luis_de_las_Amarillas" title="Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas">Presidio San Luis de las Amarillas</a> San Saba, founded in 1772 near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Menard,_Texas" title="Menard, Texas">Menard</a></li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_de_la_Junta_de_los_R%C3%ADos_Norte_y_Conchos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio de la Junta de los Ríos Norte y Conchos (page does not exist)">Presidio de la Junta de los Ríos Norte y Conchos</a>, founded in 1760 just southwest of present-day <a href="/wiki/Presidio,_Texas" title="Presidio, Texas">Presidio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Mexico">New Mexico</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BattleofCanada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/BattleofCanada.jpg/220px-BattleofCanada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/BattleofCanada.jpg/330px-BattleofCanada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ef/BattleofCanada.jpg/440px-BattleofCanada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3286" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Ca%C3%B1ada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada (page does not exist)">Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada</a>, New Mexico</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Presidio_Santa_Cruz_de_la_Ca%C3%B1ada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada (page does not exist)">Presidio Santa Cruz de la Cañada</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Cruz, New Mexico">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arizona">Arizona</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Presidio.jpg/220px-Presidio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Presidio.jpg/330px-Presidio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Presidio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidio_Santa_Cruz_de_Terrenate" title="Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate">Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate</a>, Arizona</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_San_Ignacio_de_Tubac" title="Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac">Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac</a>, founded in 1752 in <a href="/wiki/Tubac,_Arizona" title="Tubac, Arizona">Tubac</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_San_Augustin_del_Tucson" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio San Augustin del Tucson">Presidio San Augustin del Tucson</a>, founded in 1775 in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_Santa_Cruz_de_Terrenate" title="Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate">Presidio Santa Cruz de Terrenate</a>, founded in 1775 near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Tombstone,_Arizona" title="Tombstone, Arizona">Tombstone</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_Calabasas" title="Presidio de Calabasas">Presidio de Calabasas</a>, founded in 1837 near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Tumacacori,_Arizona" title="Tumacacori, Arizona">Tumacacori</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_de_San_Bernardino" title="Presidio de San Bernardino">Presidio de San Bernardino</a>, founded in 1776 near the present-day <a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Arizona" title="Douglas, Arizona">Douglas</a> (Gerald 1968)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presido_chapel1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Presido_chapel1.jpg/220px-Presido_chapel1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Presido_chapel1.jpg/330px-Presido_chapel1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Presido_chapel1.jpg/440px-Presido_chapel1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption>Interior of the reconstructed chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_Presidio" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Barbara Presidio">Santa Barbara Presidio</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California">California</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg/220px-Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg/330px-Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg/440px-Presidio_of_San_Diego_1820_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">Presidio of San Diego</a>, California</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Monterey,_California" title="Presidio of Monterey, California">Presidio Real de San Carlos de Monterey</a>, founded in 1770. Its rancho del rey was what became <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Nacional" title="Rancho Nacional">Rancho Nacional</a>. It is currently housing the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Language_Institute" title="Defense Language Institute">Defense Language Institute</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">Presidio Real de San Diego</a>, founded in 1769 in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a>, its rancho del rey was what became <a href="/wiki/Rancho_de_la_Naci%C3%B3n" title="Rancho de la Nación">Rancho de la Nación</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Francisco" title="Presidio of San Francisco">Presidio Real de San Francisco</a>, founded in 1776 and now part of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area" title="Golden Gate National Recreation Area">Golden Gate National Recreation Area</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. Its rancho del rey was what became <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Buri_Buri" title="Rancho Buri Buri">Rancho Buri Buri</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Santa_Barbara" title="Presidio of Santa Barbara">Presidio Real de Santa Bárbara</a>, founded in 1782 in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara</a>. Its rancho del rey was what became <a href="/wiki/Rancho_San_Julian" title="Rancho San Julian">Rancho San Julian</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_Sonoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidio of Sonoma">Presidio de Sonoma</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> in 1836 in <a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma</a>. Its rancho nacional was what became <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Suscol" title="Rancho Suscol">Rancho Suscol</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_San_Miguel" title="Fort San Miguel">Fort San Miguel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chile">Chile</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/La_Frontera,_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="La Frontera, Chile">La Frontera, Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Arauco" title="Army of Arauco">Army of Arauco</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Spanish_colonial_missions_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Church_in_the_Americas" title="Lists of Spanish colonial missions of the Roman Catholic Church in the Americas">Lists of Spanish colonial missions of the Roman Catholic Church in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marqu%C3%A9s_de_Rub%C3%AD" title="Marqués de Rubí">Marqués de Rubí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_pueblos_and_villas_in_North_America" title="Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America">Spanish colonial pueblos and villas in North America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dle.rae.es/?id=U6gCCiy">"presidio — Diccionario de la lengua española, Edición del Tricentenario"</a>. <i>RAE</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RAE&rft.atitle=presidio+%E2%80%94+Diccionario+de+la+lengua+espa%C3%B1ola%2C+Edici%C3%B3n+del+Tricentenario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdle.rae.es%2F%3Fid%3DU6gCCiy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202213123/http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/rancho.html#presidios">"Ranchos of California: Extracts from: Grants of land in California made by Spanish or Mexican authorities, by Cris Perez Boundary Determination Office State Lands Commission Boundary Investigation Unit August 23, 1982. Berkeley Library website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/rancho.html#presidios">the original</a> on February 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ranchos+of+California%3A+Extracts+from%3A+Grants+of+land+in+California+made+by+Spanish+or+Mexican+authorities%2C+by+Cris+Perez+Boundary+Determination+Office+State+Lands+Commission+Boundary+Investigation+Unit+August+23%2C+1982.+Berkeley+Library+website.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.berkeley.edu%2FEART%2Francho.html%23presidios&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Spanish policymakers also decided to set up a line of presidios stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. This presidial line was very close to today’s international border between Mexico and the United States." Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (p. 198). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"As the eighteenth century unfolded, military garrisons and soldiers superseded the missions as the lynchpins of Spain’s efforts to stabilize the frontier. With the new approach came new forms of coercion. The word “presidio” captures the dual purpose of garrison and prison." Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America (p. 205). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-childers-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-childers_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-childers_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-childers_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilders2004" class="citation journal cs1">Childers, Ronald Wayne (2004). "The Presidio System in Spanish Florida 1565–1763". <i>Historical Archaeology</i>. <b>38</b> (3): 24–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF03376651">10.1007/BF03376651</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25617178">25617178</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:160809833">160809833</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Presidio+System+in+Spanish+Florida+1565%E2%80%931763&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=24-32&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A160809833%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25617178%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF03376651&rft.aulast=Childers&rft.aufirst=Ronald+Wayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresidio" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_further_reading">References and further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Gerald, Rex E. (1968). <i>Spanish Presidios of the Late Eighteenth Century in Northern New Spain</i>. Museum of New Mexico Press, Santa Fe.</li> <li>Moorhead, Max L. <i>The Presidio: Bastion of the Spanish Borderlands</i>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press 1975.</li> <li>Williams, J.S. <i>Appendix: Presidios of Northern New Spain</i>. Historical Archaeology 38 2004.</li> <li>Rene Javellana, S. J. <i>Fortress of Empire</i>. Ateneo de Manila University Press 1997.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Template:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Template talk:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Colonial architecture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_/_Hispanic_Colonial_architecture_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Spanish / Hispanic Colonial architecture</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable historic centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hag%C3%A5t%C3%B1a,_Guam" title="Hagåtña, Guam">Agaña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Albuquerque" title="Old Town Albuquerque">Albuquerque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arequipa" title="Arequipa">Arequipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campeche_(city)" title="Campeche (city)">Campeche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Cienfuegos" title="Historic Centre of Cienfuegos">Cienfuegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_de_Coro" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana de Coro">Coro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuenca,_Ecuador" title="Cuenca, Ecuador">Cuenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca" title="Cuernavaca">Cuernavaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco" title="Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada,_Nicaragua" title="Granada, Nicaragua">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_(city)" title="Guanajuato (city)">Guanajuato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Havana" title="Old Havana">Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloílo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Nicaragua" title="León, Nicaragua">León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Pueblo_de_Los_%C3%81ngeles_Historical_Monument" title="El Pueblo de Los Ángeles Historical Monument">Los Ángeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Lima" title="Historic Centre of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intramuros" title="Intramuros">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Mexico_City" title="Historic center of Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Mompox" title="Santa Cruz de Mompox">Mompox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelia" title="Morelia">Morelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_(New_Orleans)" title="Jackson Square (New Orleans)">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oaxaca_City" title="Oaxaca City">Oaxaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panam%C3%A1_Viejo" title="Panamá Viejo">Old Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casco_Viejo,_Panama" title="Casco Viejo, Panama">Panamá City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popay%C3%A1n" title="Popayán">Popayán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebla_(city)" title="Puebla (city)">Puebla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito#Historic_center" title="Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Plaza_Historic_District" title="Alamo Plaza Historic District">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego" title="Old Town, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga" title="San Fernando, Pampanga">San Fernando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Francisco_de_As%C3%ADs" title="Mission San Francisco de Asís">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_San_Juan" title="Old San Juan">San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_(city)" title="San Luis Potosí (city)">San Luis Potosí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Allende" title="San Miguel de Allende">San Miguel de Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_la_Sierra" title="Santa Cruz de la Sierra">Santa Cruz de la Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_Armas_(Santiago)" title="Plaza de Armas (Santiago)">Santiago de Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Colonial_(Santo_Domingo)" title="Ciudad Colonial (Santo Domingo)">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">Sucre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taal,_Batangas" title="Taal, Batangas">Taal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayabas" title="Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Trujillo" title="Historic Centre of Trujillo">Trujillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veracruz_(city)" title="Veracruz (city)">Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigan" title="Vigan">Vigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacatecas_(city)" title="Zacatecas (city)">Zacatecas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_City" title="Zamboanga City">Zamboanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spanish missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Spanish missions">List of Spanish missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_in_the_Americas#Colonial_era" title="List of oldest buildings in the Americas">Oldest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cathedrals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Argentina" title="List of cathedrals in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Bolivia" title="List of cathedrals in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Chile" title="List of cathedrals in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Colombia" title="List of cathedrals in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of cathedrals in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Cuba" title="List of cathedrals in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="List of cathedrals in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Ecuador" title="List of cathedrals in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Guam" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Guatemala" title="List of cathedrals in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Honduras" title="List of cathedrals in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Mexico" title="List of cathedrals in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Nicaragua" title="List of cathedrals in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Panama" title="List of cathedrals in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Paraguay" title="List of cathedrals in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Peru" title="List of cathedrals in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_Philippines" title="List of cathedrals in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Puerto_Rico" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Arizona" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#California" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Florida" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Louisiana" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_the_United_States#Texas" title="List of cathedrals in the United States">Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Uruguay" title="List of cathedrals in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Venezuela" title="List of cathedrals in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches and monasteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_Churches_of_the_Philippines" title="Baroque Churches of the Philippines">Baroque Churches of the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_churches_in_Bohol" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic churches in Bohol">Bohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Chilo%C3%A9" title="Churches of Chiloé">Chiloé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant_monasteries_in_Mexico" title="Mendicant monasteries in Mexico">Mendicant monasteries in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasteries_on_the_slopes_of_Popocat%C3%A9petl" title="Monasteries on the slopes of Popocatépetl">Popocatépetl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fortifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_on_the_Caribbean_Side_of_Panama:_Portobelo-San_Lorenzo" title="Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo">Caribbean coast of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_fortifications_of_colonial_Chile" title="Coastal fortifications of colonial Chile">Coasts of Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_fortifications_in_the_Philippines" title="Spanish colonial fortifications in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_colonial_Santo_Domingo" title="List of forts in colonial Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges and roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_bridges_in_Tayabas" title="Spanish colonial bridges in Tayabas">Tayabas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other building types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alh%C3%B3ndiga_(building)" title="Alhóndiga (building)">Alhóndiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahay_na_bato" title="Bahay na bato">Bahay na bato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconies_of_Lima" title="Balconies of Lima">Balconies of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullring" title="Bullring">Bullring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">Convent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacienda" title="Hacienda">Hacienda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haciendas_in_the_Valley_of_Ameca" title="Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca">Haciendas in the Valley of Ameca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Plaza">Plaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Baroque_architecture" title="Spanish Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Baroque" title="Andean Baroque">Andean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">Churrigueresque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquake_Baroque" title="Earthquake Baroque">Earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spanish_Baroque" title="New Spanish Baroque">Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilotan_architecture" title="Chilotan architecture">Chilotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_Colonial_architecture" title="Monterey Colonial architecture">Monterey Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neoclassical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Style" title="Territorial Style">Territorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern Revival styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churrigueresque#California_Churrigueresque" title="Churrigueresque">California Churrigueresque Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Revival_architecture" title="Mission Revival architecture">Mission Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_Revival_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial Revival architecture">Spanish Colonial Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_Revival_architecture" title="Territorial Revival architecture">Territorial Revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Empire" title="Template talk:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Timeline–immersed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline–immersed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conquest of the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Asia and the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cognac" title="War of the League of Cognac">War of the League of Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomiendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Laws" title="New Laws">New Laws in favour of the indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">Expulsion of the Moriscos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_War" title="Castilian War">Bruneian–Spanish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Reforms" title="Bourbon Reforms">Bourbon Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(13_January_1750)" title="Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750)">Treaty of Madrid (1750)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootka_Convention" title="Nootka Convention">Nootka Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Napoleonic invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Third Treaty of San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Independence of Spanish continental Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Liberal constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Spanish_Treaty_(1899)" title="German–Spanish Treaty (1899)">German–Spanish Treaty (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco#Independent_Morocco_(since_1956)" title="History of Morocco">Independence of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Independence of Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Castille">Crown of Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Union with Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Southern Italy (Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Aragonese_dynasty" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily#The_insular_kingdom_of_Sicily_under_the_Crown_of_Aragon_and_Spain" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Aragonese_period" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Union with Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_expeditions_to_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest">Coastal Alaska</a>, Central United States (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>), Western United States (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Mexico (page does not exist)">Mexico</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Reino de México">es</a>]</span>, Central America (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General of Yucatan">Captaincy General of Yucatan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish Caribbean</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Central America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Spanish_period" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Santiago" title="Colony of Santiago">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti#Spanish_history_(1492–1625)" title="History of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba#History" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao#History" title="Curaçao">Curazao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire#History" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize_(1506%E2%80%931862)" title="History of Belize (1506–1862)">Belize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela, part of Guyana</a>, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Peru</a> (Peru, <a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a> (Bolivia), <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a> (Uruguay), <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Orientales" title="Misiones Orientales">Misiones Orientales</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">Malvinas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia_and_Oceania_(Spanish_East_Indies)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia and Oceania (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Mariana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Northern Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li>Northern Africa (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="Spanish protectorate in Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis#Spanish_occupation_and_Ottoman_control" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers" title="Peñón of Algiers">Peñón of Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran#Spanish_period_(1509–1708,_1732–1792)" title="Oran">Oran</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa#Muslim_and_feudal_rulers" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ifni" title="Ifni">Ifni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Juby" title="Cape Juby">Cape Juby</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Australis, Spain">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento" title="Ayuntamiento">Ayuntamiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(guild)" title="Germania (guild)">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Hermandad" title="Santa Hermandad">Santa Hermandad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exequatur" title="Exequatur">Exequatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Indies" title="Laws of the Indies">Laws of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree_of_Graces_of_1815" title="Royal Decree of Graces of 1815">Royal Decree of Graces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_residence" title="Trial of residence">Trial of residence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Titles and positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_president" title="Municipal president">Municipal president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regidor" title="Regidor">Regidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndic" title="Syndic">Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecino" title="Vecino">Vecino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administrative_subdivisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative subdivisions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy#In_the_Americas" title="Viceroy">Viceroyalties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Captaincies_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Captaincies of the Spanish Empire">Captaincies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Governorates of the Spanish Empire">Governorates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla_de_Oro" title="Castilla de Oro">Castilla de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Cuba" title="Governorate of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia_(1501%E2%80%931513)" title="Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)">New Andalusia (1501–1513)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia" title="Governorate of New Andalusia">New Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Castile" title="Governorate of New Castile">New Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Toledo" title="Governorate of New Toledo">New Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Terra_Australis" title="Governorate of Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Real Audiencia of Concepción">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Cusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Audiencia of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Guatemala" title="Real Audiencia of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Lima" title="Real Audiencia of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santiago" title="Real Audiencia of Santiago">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Currency_of_Spanish_America" title="Currency of Spanish America">Currencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Dollar (Peso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraved%C3%AD" title="Maravedí">Maravedí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_escudo" title="Spanish escudo">Escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Columnarios">Columnario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubloon" title="Doubloon">Doubloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet" title="Spanish treasure fleet">Spanish treasure fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Road" title="Spanish Road">Spanish Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guipuzcoan_Company_of_Caracas" title="Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas">Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Trading_Company" title="Barcelona Trading Company">Barcelona Trading Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_of_the_Sea" title="Consulate of the Sea">Consulate of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Consulate_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires">Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Company_of_Volunteers_of_Catalonia" title="Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia">Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_auxiliaries" title="Indian auxiliaries">Indian auxiliaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_Spain" title="List of ships of the line of Spain">Ships of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist_(Spanish_American_independence)" title="Royalist (Spanish American independence)">Royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Legión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Strategists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Leyva,_Duke_of_Terranova" title="Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova">Antonio de Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Goiti" title="Martín de Goiti">Martín de Goiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_d%27Avalos" title="Alfonso d'Avalos">Alfonso d'Avalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_de_Toledo_Osorio,_4th_Marquis_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="García de Toledo Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca">García de Toledo Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n_the_Elder" title="Álvaro de Bazán the Elder">Álvaro de Bazán the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonaventure_de_Longueval,_Count_of_Bucquoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy">Charles Bonaventure de Longueval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Zubiaur" title="Pedro de Zubiaur">Pedro de Zubiaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola,_1st_Marquis_of_the_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases">Ambrosio Spinola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_de_Lezo" title="Blas de Lezo">Blas de Lezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Mariners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinz%C3%B3n_brothers" title="Pinzón brothers">Pinzón brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Ocampo" title="Sebastián de Ocampo">Sebastián de Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso de Ojeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Salazar" title="Alonso de Salazar">Alonso de Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Columbus" title="Diego Columbus">Diego Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ercilla" title="Alonso de Ercilla">Alonso de Ercilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Ovando" title="Nicolás de Ovando">Nicolás de Ovando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Ayala" title="Juan de Ayala">Juan de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(explorer)" title="Juan Fernández (explorer)">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fajardo_y_Ru%C3%ADz_de_Avenda%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Fajardo y Ruíz de Avendaño">Luis Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ahedo" title="Felipe González de Ahedo">Felipe González de Ahedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Fages_i_Beleta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere Fages i Beleta">Pere Fages i Beleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Orp%C3%AD" title="Joan Orpí">Joan Orpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Urs%C3%BAa" title="Martín de Ursúa">Martín de Ursúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro" title="Diego de Almagro">Diego de Almagro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Mazariegos" title="Diego de Mazariegos">Diego de Mazariegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Luis_de_Cabrera" title="Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera">Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_d%27Albern%C3%AD_i_Teixidor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor">Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="García López de Cárdenas">García López de Cárdenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Notable battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Comuneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Rome (1527)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landriano" title="Battle of Landriano">Landriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%BChlberg" title="Battle of Mühlberg">Mühlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1557)">St. Quentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravelines_(1558)" title="Battle of Gravelines (1558)">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Lepanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponta_Delgada" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ponta Delgada">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Celidonia" title="Battle of Cape Celidonia">Cape Celidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Mountain" title="Battle of White Mountain">White Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)" title="Battle of Valenciennes (1656)">Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Ceuta_(1694%E2%80%931727)" title="Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitonto" title="Battle of Bitonto">Bitonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_T%C3%A9touan" title="Battle of Tétouan">Tetouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_landing" title="Alhucemas landing">Alhucemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capo_d%27Orso" title="Battle of Capo d'Orso">Capo d'Orso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Vienna (1529)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">Siege of Castelnuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ceresole" title="Battle of Ceresole">Ceresole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_invasion_of_the_Balearic_Islands_(1558)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands (1558)">Balearic Islands (1558)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Djerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Rocroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Downs" title="Battle of the Downs">Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montes_Claros" title="Battle of Montes Claros">Montes Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Passaro" title="Battle of Cape Passaro">Passaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Annual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mactan" title="Battle of Mactan">Mactan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan" title="Fall of Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca" title="Battle of Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cusco" title="Siege of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Bogotá savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penco" title="Battle of Penco">Penco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mataquito" title="Battle of Mataquito">Mataquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="Capture of Recife (1595)">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">San Juan (1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Bahia" title="Recapture of Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Siege of Colonia del Sacramento">Colonia del Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(Paraguay)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay)">Comuneros (Paraguay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerno_Verde" title="Cuerno Verde">Cuerno Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II">Túpac Amaru II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Katari" title="Túpac Katari">Túpac Katari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1797)" title="Battle of San Juan (1797)">San Juan (1797)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Noche_Triste" title="La Noche Triste">La Noche Triste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguape_War" title="Iguape War">Iguape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tucapel" title="Battle of Tucapel">Tucapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba" title="Battle of Curalaba">Curalaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(New_Granada)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)">Comuneros (New Granada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trinidad_(1797)" title="Invasion of Trinidad (1797)">Trinidad (1797)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chacabuco" title="Battle of Chacabuco">Chacabuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Battle of Boyacá">Boyacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Carabobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pichincha" title="Battle of Pichincha">Pichincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayacucho" title="Battle of Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Campaign#Battle_of_Asomante" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Campaign">Asomante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Spanish_conquests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spanish conquests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">The Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Honduras" title="Spanish conquest of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Nicaragua" title="Spanish conquest of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Chibchan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)#Spanish_expeditions_and_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Other_civil_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other civil topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Codices" title="Mesoamerican Codices">Mesoamerican Codices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusco School">Cusco painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian painting in New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Quito School">Quito painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapada_lime%C3%B1a" title="Tapada limeña">Tapada limeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Ant%C3%A1rtica" title="Academia Antártica">Academia Antártica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Spanish_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Spanish Horse">Colonial Spanish Horse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Castas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people#Spanish_colonial_caste_system" title="Criollo people">Criollos in the colonial society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Old inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Spanish_New_World_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies">Slavery in Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiento" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiento">Asiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans#Colonial_era" title="African Americans">Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Potos%C3%AD_Mint_Fraud_of_1649" title="Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649">Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fortifications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fortifications" title="Template:Fortifications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fortifications" title="Template talk:Fortifications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fortifications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fortifications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fortifications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortifications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abatis" title="Abatis">Abatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis" title="Acropolis">Acropolis</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Agger_(ancient_Rome)" title="Agger (ancient Rome)">Agger</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco"><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Burgus" title="Burgus">Burgus</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Castellum" title="Castellum">Castellum</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Castra</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Castro_culture" title="Castro culture">Castros</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_city_wall" title="Chinese city wall">Chengqiang</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_rampart" title="Circular rampart">Circular rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_gate" title="City gate">City gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crannog" title="Crannog">Crannog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditch_(fortification)" title="Ditch (fortification)">Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">Defensive wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun_(fortification)" title="Dun (fortification)">Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faussebraye" title="Faussebraye">Faussebraye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatehouse" title="Gatehouse">Gatehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gord_(archaeology)" title="Gord (archaeology)">Gord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">Hillfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landwehr_(border)" title="Landwehr (border)">Landwehr</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Limes</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuraghe" title="Nuraghe">Nuraghe</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palisade" title="Palisade">Palisade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincer_gate" title="Pincer gate">Pincer gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_fort" title="Promontory fort">Promontory fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampart_(fortification)" title="Rampart (fortification)">Rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">Ringfort</a> (Rath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_castle" title="Refuge castle">Refuge castle</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schwedenschanze" title="Schwedenschanze">Schwedenschanze</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockade" title="Stockade">Stockade</a></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Sudis_(stake)" title="Sudis (stake)">Sudis</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Trou_de_loup" title="Trou de loup">Trou de loup</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Vallum" title="Vallum">Vallum</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagon_fort" title="Wagon fort">Wagon fort</a> (<span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">Laager</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitrified_fort" title="Vitrified fort">Vitrified fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_work" title="Advanced work">Advanced work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albarrana_tower" title="Albarrana tower">Albarrana tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcazaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcazaba">Alcazaba</a></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">Alcázar</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(landform)" title="Amba (landform)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowslit" title="Arrowslit">Arrowslit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbican" title="Barbican">Barbican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartizan" title="Bartizan">Bartizan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_tower" title="Battery tower">Battery tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlement" title="Battlement">Battlement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawn" title="Bawn">Bawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bent_entrance" title="Bent entrance">Bent entrance</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bergfried" title="Bergfried">Bergfried</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Berm" title="Berm">Berm</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boom_(navigational_barrier)" title="Boom (navigational barrier)">Boom</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Bret%C3%A8che" title="Bretèche">Bretèche</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">Bridge castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_tower" title="Bridge tower">Bridge tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burh" title="Burh">Burh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butter-churn_tower" title="Butter-churn tower">Butter-churn tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caer" title="Caer">Caer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caltrop" title="Caltrop">Caltrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_gate" title="Chamber gate">Chamber gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartaque" title="Chartaque">Chartaque</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Chashi" title="Chashi">Chashi</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_ronde" title="Chemin de ronde">Chemin de ronde</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Chemise_(wall)" title="Chemise (wall)">Chemise</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Cheval_de_frise" title="Cheval de frise">Cheval de frise</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">Citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion_castle" title="Coercion castle">Coercion castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_castle" title="Concentric castle">Concentric castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corner_tower" title="Corner tower">Corner tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-castle" title="Counter-castle">Counter-castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(fortification)" title="Curtain wall (fortification)">Curtain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">Drawbridge</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Enceinte" title="Enceinte">Enceinte</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Embrasure" title="Embrasure">Embrasure</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanking_tower" title="Flanking tower">Flanking tower</a></li> <li>Fortified buildings (<a href="/wiki/Fortified_church" title="Fortified church">church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortified_house" title="Fortified house">house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_tulou" title="Fujian tulou">Fujian tulou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganerbenburg" title="Ganerbenburg">Ganerbenburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_tower" title="Gate tower">Gate tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabion" title="Gabion">Gabion</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Glacis" title="Glacis">Glacis</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_tower" title="Guard tower">Guard tower</a></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gulyay-gorod" title="Gulyay-gorod">Gulyay-gorod</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Gusuku" title="Gusuku">Gusuku</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_tower" title="Half tower">Half tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoarding_(castle)" title="Hoarding (castle)">Hoarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_bailey" title="Inner bailey">Inner bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasbah" title="Kasbah">Kasbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep" title="Keep">Keep</a></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kremlin_(fortification)" title="Kremlin (fortification)">Kremlin</a></i></span> <small>(<span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Detinets" title="Detinets">Detinets</a></i></span>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksar" title="Ksar">Ksar</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landesburg" title="Landesburg">Landesburg</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-plan_castle" title="L-plan castle">L-plan castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machicolation" title="Machicolation">Machicolation</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Merlon" title="Merlon">Merlon</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moat" title="Moat">Moat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">Motte-and-bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_hole" title="Murder hole">Murder hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_ditch" title="Neck ditch">Neck ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_bailey" title="Outer bailey">Outer bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outwork" title="Outwork">Outwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_tower" title="Peel tower">Peel tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portcullis" title="Portcullis">Portcullis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postern" title="Postern">Postern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_tower" title="Powder tower">Powder tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalat_(fortress)" title="Qalat (fortress)">Qalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduit" title="Reduit">Reduit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricetto" title="Ricetto">Ricetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringwork" title="Ringwork">Ringwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundel_(fortification)" title="Roundel (fortification)">Roundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangular_castle" title="Quadrangular castle">Quadrangular castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_keep" title="Shell keep">Shell keep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_wall_(castle)" title="Shield wall (castle)">Shield wall</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_castle" title="Japanese castle">Shiro</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_castle" title="Toll castle">Toll castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_castle" title="Tower castle">Tower castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_house" title="Tower house">Tower house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">Turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_ring_fortress" title="Viking ring fortress">Viking ring fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_tower" title="Fortified tower">Wall tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_(castle)" title="Bailey (castle)">Bailey (or ward)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchtower" title="Watchtower">Watchtower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_tower" title="Witch tower">Witch tower</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language text"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Yagura_(tower)" title="Yagura (tower)">Yagura</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yett" title="Yett">Yett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwinger" title="Zwinger">Zwinger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Abwurfdach" class="mw-redirect" title="Abwurfdach">Abwurfdach</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal" title="Arsenal">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barricade" title="Barricade">Barricade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">Bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhouse" title="Blockhouse">Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastwork_(fortification)" title="Breastwork (fortification)">Breastwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canal</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Caponier" title="Caponier">Caponier</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(fortification)" title="Cavalier (fortification)">Cavalier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterguard" title="Counterguard">Counterguard</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Couvreface" title="Couvreface">Couvreface</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Coupure" title="Coupure">Coupure</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covertway" title="Covertway">Covertway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crownwork" title="Crownwork">Crownwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Forts" title="Device Forts">Device Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entrenchment_(fortification)" title="Entrenchment (fortification)">Entrenchment</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A8che_(fortification)" title="Flèche (fortification)">Flèche</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorge_(fortification)" title="Gorge (fortification)">Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_magazine" title="Gunpowder magazine">Gunpowder magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornwork" title="Hornwork">Hornwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotta_mara" title="Kotta mara">Kotta mara</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Lunette_(fortification)" title="Lunette (fortification)">Lunette</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine_(artillery)" title="Magazine (artillery)">Magazine</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Orillon" title="Orillon">Orillon</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ostrog_(fortress)" title="Ostrog (fortress)">Ostrog</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palanka_(fortification)" title="Palanka (fortification)">Palanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place-of-arms" title="Place-of-arms">Place-of-arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_fort" title="Polygonal fort">Polygonal fort</a></li> <li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Presidio</a></i></span> (Spanish America)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punji_stick" title="Punji stick">Punji sticks</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ravelin" title="Ravelin">Ravelin</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Redan" title="Redan">Redan</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redoubt" title="Redoubt">Redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrenchment_(military)" title="Retrenchment (military)">Retrenchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_port" title="Sally port">Sally port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandbag" title="Sandbag">Sandbag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterscarp" title="Counterscarp">Scarp and Counterscarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconce_(fortification)" title="Sconce (fortification)">Sconce</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Schanze" title="Schanze">Schanze</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea fort">Sea fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_(frontier_defensive_structure)" title="Station (frontier defensive structure)">Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Star fort">Star fort</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Tenaille" title="Tenaille">Tenaille</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbed_wire" title="Barbed wire">Barbed wire</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">Barbette</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_outpost" title="Border outpost">Border outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker" title="Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_artillery" title="Coastal artillery">Coastal artillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disappearing_gun" title="Disappearing gun">Disappearing gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control_tower" title="Fire control tower">Fire control tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Gun turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">Land mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martello_tower" title="Martello tower">Martello tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_fort" title="Polygonal fort">Polygonal fort</a></li> <li><span title="Persian-language text"><i lang="fa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sangar_(fortification)" title="Sangar (fortification)">Sangar</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_obstacle" title="Wire obstacle">Wire obstacles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:3em">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_scaffolding" title="Admiralty scaffolding">Admiralty scaffolding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_raid_shelter" title="Air raid shelter">Air raid shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_trench" title="Anti-tank trench">Anti-tank trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbed_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbed tape">Barbed tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cointet-element" title="Cointet-element">Belgian gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_shelter" title="Blast shelter">Blast shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blast_wall" title="Blast wall">Blast wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Border security">Border security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomb_shelter" title="Bomb shelter">Bomb shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buoy_anti-tank_obstacle" title="Buoy anti-tank obstacle">Buoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremer_wall" title="Bremer wall">Bremer wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina_wire" title="Concertina wire">Concertina wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Defensive fighting position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_anti-invasion_preparations_of_the_Second_World_War#Lines_and_islands" title="British anti-invasion preparations of the Second World War">British "hedgehog" road block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_hedgehog" title="Czech hedgehog">Czech hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_teeth_(fortification)" title="Dragon's teeth (fortification)">Dragon's teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">Entry control point (ECP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_fence" title="Electric fence">Electric fence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallout_shelter" title="Fallout shelter">Fallout shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_support_base" title="Fire support base">Fire support base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flak_tower" title="Flak tower">Flak tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardened_aircraft_shelter" title="Hardened aircraft shelter">Hardened aircraft shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesco_bastion" title="Hesco bastion">Hesco bastion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabal_(earthworks)" title="Kabal (earthworks)">Kabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loophole_(firearm)" title="Loophole (firearm)">Loophole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_line_of_resistance" title="Main line of resistance">Main line of resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_launch_facility" title="Missile launch facility">Missile launch facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillbox_(military)" title="Pillbox (military)">Pillbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revetment_(aircraft)" title="Revetment (aircraft)">Revetment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentry_gun" title="Sentry gun">Sentry gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_hole" title="Spider hole">Spider hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_pen" title="Submarine pen">Submarine pen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hangar" title="Underground hangar">Underground hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon_storage_area" title="Weapon storage area">Weapon storage area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System" title="Weapons Storage and Security System">Weapons Storage and Security System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cave_castle" title="Cave castle">Cave castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_castle" title="Hill castle">Hill castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">Hillfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillside_castle" title="Hillside castle">Hillside castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilltop_castle" title="Hilltop castle">Hilltop castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_castle" title="Island castle">Island castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowland_castle" title="Lowland castle">Lowland castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsh_castle" title="Marsh castle">Marsh castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_castle" title="Water castle">Moated castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promontory_fort" title="Promontory fort">Promontory fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge_castle" title="Ridge castle">Ridge castle</a></li> <li><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Rocca_(fortification)" title="Rocca (fortification)">Rocca</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_castle" title="Rock castle">Rock castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spur_castle" title="Spur castle">Spur castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_castle" title="Water castle">Water castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotta_mara" title="Kotta mara">Floating water castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_barrier" title="Border barrier">Border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_and_fortification" title="Coastal defence and fortification">Coastal defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coercion_castle" title="Coercion castle">Coercion castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-castle" title="Counter-castle">Counter-castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fence" title="Fence">Fence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganerbenburg" title="Ganerbenburg">Ganerbenburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdschloss" title="Jagdschloss">Hunting lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_castle" title="Imperial castle">Imperial castle</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">Kaiserpfalz</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Landesburg" title="Landesburg">Landesburg</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Lustschloss" title="Lustschloss">Lustschloss</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Military base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstacle" title="Obstacle">Obstacle</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Ordensburg" title="Ordensburg">Ordensburg</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuge_castle" title="Refuge castle">Refuge castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_castle" title="Toll castle">Toll castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_castle" title="Urban castle">Urban castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastion_fort" title="Bastion fort">Bastion fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_castle" title="Bridge castle">Bridge castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_rampart" title="Circular rampart">Circular rampart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_castle" title="Concentric castle">Concentric castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-plan_castle" title="L-plan castle">L-plan castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motte-and-bailey_castle" title="Motte-and-bailey castle">Motte-and-bailey castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangular_castle" title="Quadrangular castle">Quadrangular castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringfort" title="Ringfort">Ringfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringwork" title="Ringwork">Ringwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_castle" title="Tower castle">Tower castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-plan_castle" title="Z-plan castle">Z-plan castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bastion_forts" title="List of bastion forts">Bastion forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles" title="List of castles">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_with_defensive_walls" title="List of cities with defensive walls">Cities with defensive walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_line" title="Defense line">Defense line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortified estate">Fortified estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications" title="List of fortifications">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts" title="List of forts">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_military_installations" title="Lists of military installations">Military installations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_walls" title="List of walls">Walls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related word</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castle_town" title="Castle town">Castle town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">Château</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon" title="Dungeon">Dungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festung" title="Festung">Festung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortified_gateway" title="Fortified gateway">Fortified gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper" title="Gatekeeper">Gatekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loophole_(firearm)" title="Loophole (firearm)">Loophole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_redoubt" title="National redoubt">National redoubt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palas" title="Palas">Palas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picket_(military)" title="Picket (military)">Picket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schloss" title="Schloss">Schloss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench" title="Trench">Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedette_(sentry)" title="Vedette (sentry)">Vedette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_defense" title="Civil defense">Civil defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_of_government" title="Continuity of government">Continuity of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_urbanism" title="Military urbanism">Military urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_engine" title="Siege engine">Siege engine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_siege_engines" title="List of siege engines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_guerrilla_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nobold">See also</span>: <b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fortification" title="Category:Fortification">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidio&oldid=1199182143">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidio&oldid=1199182143</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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