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class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walker_Party&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Walker Party">Walker Party</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American explorer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Joseph Rutherford Walker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Elderly man with bear and hat holding a long barrel gun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg/220px-Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg/330px-Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg/440px-Joseph_Walker_circa_1860_by_Mathew_Brady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3536" data-file-height="4496" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Joseph Walker circa 1860-1865 by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1798-12-13</span>)</span>December 13, 1798<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane County, Tennessee</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 27, 1876<span style="display:none">(1876-10-27)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Manzanita Ranch, <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa County, California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Joseph Reddford Walker, Joseph Reddeford Walker, Joseph Redeford Walker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer">Explorer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mountain_man" title="Mountain man">mountain man</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">scout</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joseph R. Walker</b> (December 13, 1798 – October 27, 1876) was a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_man" title="Mountain man">mountain man</a> and experienced <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">scout</a>. He established the segment of the <a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a>, the primary route for the emigrants to the <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> fields during the <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Hall,_Idaho" title="Fort Hall, Idaho">Fort Hall, Idaho</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Truckee_River" title="Truckee River">Truckee River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Walker_River" title="Walker River">Walker River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walker_Lake_(Nevada)" title="Walker Lake (Nevada)">Walker Lake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> were named for him by <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Fremont" class="mw-redirect" title="John Charles Fremont">John C. Frémont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The R. stood for Rutherford, but is also found as Reddford, Reddeford, and Redeford. "Rutherford" came from his great-grandmother's, Kathleen Rutherford Walker, line,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and not his mother's, as incorrectly stated in some sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg/220px-Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg/330px-Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg/440px-Map_of_Santa_Fe_Trail-NPS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>Map of Santa Fe Trail</figcaption></figure> <p>Walker was born in <a href="/wiki/Roane_County,_Tennessee" title="Roane County, Tennessee">Roane County, Tennessee</a>, the fourth child of seven born to Joseph and Susan Willis Walker.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1819, the family emigrated to Missouri,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> settling west of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Osage" title="Fort Osage">Fort Osage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1820, he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a> and was detained for a short while by Spanish authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may have become one of the "Taos trappers" trapping beaver in the Spanish/Mexican<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> territory of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>, then working on the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Trail" title="Santa Fe Trail">Santa Fe Trail</a> from Missouri to Santa Fe with <a href="/wiki/Old_Bill_Williams" title="Old Bill Williams">"Old" Bill Williams</a>. He returned to Missouri and in 1827 was appointed sheriff of <a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Missouri" title="Jackson County, Missouri">Jackson County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explorations_of_California_and_the_Great_Basin">Explorations of California and the Great Basin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Explorations of California and the Great Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1830, Walker was driving horses to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Gibson" title="Fort Gibson">Fort Gibson</a> in Oklahoma, where he met <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bonneville" title="Benjamin Bonneville">Benjamin Bonneville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walker wanted to explore the <a href="/wiki/American_frontier" title="American frontier">American frontier</a>, and Bonneville offered him an opportunity to join him in his expeditions. In 1832, Walker left from Fort Osage with Bonneville<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 110 other men, traveling to the <a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Colorado_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green River (Colorado River)">Green River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humboldtrivermap-01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Humboldtrivermap-01.png/220px-Humboldtrivermap-01.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Humboldtrivermap-01.png/330px-Humboldtrivermap-01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Humboldtrivermap-01.png/440px-Humboldtrivermap-01.png 2x" data-file-width="1171" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Watershed of the Humboldt River</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1833, Bonneville sent Walker in command of a party of men, including Old Bill Williams and Zenas Leonard, from the Green River to explore the <a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake" title="Great Salt Lake">Great Salt Lake</a> and to find an overland route to <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They left on July 27 and eventually discovered a route along the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_River" title="Humboldt River">Humboldt River</a> across present-day <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>. They followed it to the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Sink" title="Humboldt Sink">Humboldt Sink</a>, then made their way to present day <a href="/wiki/Genoa,_Nevada" title="Genoa, Nevada">Genoa, Nevada</a> at the base of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>. They began their ascent of the Sierra by traveling up the west fork of the <a href="/wiki/Carson_River" title="Carson River">Carson River</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hawkins_Peak_(California)" title="Hawkins Peak (California)">Hawkins Peak</a>. At that point, they began wandering, trying to find a path to a dividing ridge and down the western slope. They finally made their way to the headwaters of the <a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_River" title="Stanislaus River">Stanislaus River</a> and descended on the ridgeline north of the river canyon. They eventually made it to the river itself, then followed it down to the <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Valley of California">Central Valley of California</a>. According to Walker's gravestone, he camped in <a href="/wiki/Yosemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Yosemite">Yosemite</a> on Nov. 13 1833, though this is disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The approach to the Sierra via the Humboldt River route later became known as the <a href="/wiki/California_Trail" title="California Trail">California Trail</a>, the primary route for the emigrants to the <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> fields during the <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a>. </p><p>On February 14, 1834, Walker and his party of fifty-two men left on their return trip from California, crossing back over the Sierra Nevada through one of the southern passes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group made it to <a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a> on May 1, 1834,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and traveled up it but became impatient to turn east. They crossed out of the valley on May 10 but soon became alarmed by the lack of water.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They went back west to the base of the Sierra and traveled north to the Humboldt Sink, then they traveled back to the Rocky Mountains the way they had come the previous summer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r,_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r%2C_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg/220px-Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r%2C_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r%2C_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg/330px-Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r%2C_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r%2C_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg/440px-Alfred_Jacob_Miller_-_%22Bourgeois%22_W---r%2C_and_His_Squaw_-_Walters_37194078.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1799" data-file-height="1431" /></a><figcaption>"Painting by Alfred Jacob Miller, titled <i>Bourgeois</i> W—r, and His Squaw"</figcaption></figure> <p>At some point in the ensuing years, Walker took a <a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a> wife.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS7_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1840 Walker and a band of followers made the first known north to south crossing of the eastern <a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a> by Americans. Starting from <a href="/wiki/Browns_Park" title="Browns Park">Browns Park</a> (Brown's Hole) along the Green River, Walker and his men crossed the Wasatch Range to the <a href="/wiki/Sevier_Lake" title="Sevier Lake">Sevier Lake</a> and traveled south to the upper <a href="/wiki/Virgin_River" title="Virgin River">Virgin River</a> which they descended until reaching its confluence with the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a>. From the Colorado, they crossed the <a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a> to Los Angeles where Walker sold 417 pounds of beaver pelts to <a href="/wiki/Abel_Stearns" title="Abel Stearns">Abel Stearns</a>, an American expatriate living in Los Angeles, who became Walker's business agent in purchasing horses. Walker left California with a hundred mares and an unknown number of mules.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS7_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emigrant_leader">Emigrant leader</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Emigrant leader"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Chiles-Walker_party"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpdms_california_trail3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Wpdms_california_trail3.png/220px-Wpdms_california_trail3.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Wpdms_california_trail3.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Main route of California Trail (thick red line), including Applegate-Lassen and Beckwourth variations (thinner red lines)</figcaption></figure> <p>After travelling to California in the <a href="/wiki/Bartleson%E2%80%93Bidwell_Party" title="Bartleson–Bidwell Party">Bartleson–Bidwell Party</a> of 1841 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chiles" title="Joseph Chiles">Joseph B. Chiles</a> returned to western Missouri and organized the first wagon train of California bound emigrants in 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Fort_Laramie_National_Historic_Site" title="Fort Laramie National Historic Site">Fort Laramie</a>, Chiles hired Walker to guide the wagon train to California for $300. In August, at Black's Fork of the Green River, the party stopped to rest the animals and hunt, trying to stock dried meat for the trail. They were marginally successful, and being able to only acquire four head of cattle at Ft. Hall, Walker and Chiles decided to split the party in order to make best use of the remaining provisions. After leaving Fort Hall on September 16, Chiles took 13 men on horseback to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Boise" title="Fort Boise">Fort Boise</a> for further provisions. If food was not available, he was to cross the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of the Truckee River, proceed to <a href="/wiki/Sutter%27s_Fort" title="Sutter's Fort">Sutter's Fort</a> for food, and bring it across the Sierra to Humboldt Sink where Walker and the wagon train would be waiting.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once reunited they would proceed south through the Owens Valley, along the eastern scarp of the Sierra Nevada to a southern pass, possibly <a href="/wiki/Oak_Creek_Pass" title="Oak Creek Pass">Oak Creek Pass</a> where Walker believed the wagons could cross.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chiles group was unable to obtain provisions at Fort Boise and circumvented the Sierra Nevada far to the north, rather than crossing at the Truckee River. Chiles reached Sutter's Fort on 11 November. Walker's group left the Humboldt Sink about 1 November and traded horseshoe nails for fish with the Paiute at what would later be known as Walker Lake. Possibly because of inadequate forage (it was a drought year) the animals were unable to pull the wagons beyond <a href="/wiki/Owens_Lake" title="Owens Lake">Owens Lake</a> where the wagons were abandoned along with a disassembled saw mill (see also Bancroft 1886:IV:392 395). The party proceeded on foot and crossed the summit of the Sierras on December 3, 1843.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS7_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS7-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter they crossed the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> (the southern half of the Central Valley) and the <a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">Coast Range</a> and wintered pleasantly in Peachtree Valley on the headwaters of a tributary to the <a href="/wiki/Salinas_River_(California)" title="Salinas River (California)">Salinas River</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a> (Bancroft 1886:IV:395). About the journey Gilbert states, "The overland caravan had done no true exploring but had laid down 500 miles of what was to become the California Trail".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trail segment referred to appears to extend from Fort Hall (Idaho) to the Truckee River (Nevada and California).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scouting_with_Frémont"><span id="Scouting_with_Fr.C3.A9mont"></span>Scouting with Frémont</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Scouting with Frémont"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the expedition dispersed, Walker once again presented his passport to the authorities and was granted permission to trade. As before, he left southern California with a herd of horses and mules in April 1844 along the <a href="/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)" title="Old Spanish Trail (trade route)">Old Spanish Trail</a> and overtook John C. Frémont's third military topographic expedition (his first to California) somewhere beyond <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>. The two had met previously in 1842 at <a href="/wiki/Independence,_Missouri" title="Independence, Missouri">Independence, Missouri</a>, when Walker declined Frémont's invitation to guide the expedition. Walker's group traveled with Frêmont to <a href="/wiki/Bent%27s_Old_Fort_National_Historic_Site" title="Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site">Bent's Fort</a> (Colorado) where they went their separate ways. In 1845, by prearrangement, Walker, with his wife and retainers, joined Frémont's third government expedition at <a href="/wiki/White_River_(Green_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="White River (Green River)">White River</a> (eastern Utah) bound for California and Oregon. Frémont had recruited Bill Williams and <a href="/wiki/Kit_Carson" title="Kit Carson">Kit Carson</a> but Walker was appointed the chief guide. Walker and his followers had previously camped with one of the first U.S. dragoon units to patrol the emigration trails and was described as follows by Captain Philip St. George Cooke: </p> <dl><dd>This afternoon Mr. Walker, whom we met at <a href="/wiki/Independence_Rock_(Wyoming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Rock (Wyoming)">Independence Rock</a>, visited our camp: he has picked up a small party at Fort Laramie; and wild looking creatures they are white and red. This man has abandoned civilization, married a squaw or squaws, and prefers to pass his life wandering in these deserts; carrying on, perhaps, an almost nominal business of hunting, trapping and trading but quite sufficient to the wants of a chief of savages. He is a man of much natural ability, and apparently of prowess and ready resource.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Walker led the main body of the expedition down the Humboldt River to Walker Lake where they met Frémont and a smaller group who had taken a more southerly route after leaving the vicinity of the Great Salt Lake. The party again divided, with Walker taking the main body to the current location of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Isabella" title="Lake Isabella">Lake Isabella</a> in December while Frémont and a small group crossed the Sierra Nevada in the vicinity of Truckee River, eventually reaching Sutter's Fort (California). The two parties missed their planned rendezvous along the <a href="/wiki/Kings_River_(California)" title="Kings River (California)">Kings River</a> in the San Joaquin Valley but were reunited in February 1846. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Walker_Party"></span> In 1862–63, Walker led a gold-hunting expedition of 34 men into the mountains of central <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, near what is now the city of <a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-walkerparty_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walkerparty-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company discovered gold along the <a href="/wiki/Hassayampa_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassayampa Creek">Hassayampa Creek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lynx_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynx Creek">Lynx Creek</a>, which was the impetus for subsequent white settlement in the area. The village of <a href="/wiki/Walker,_Arizona" title="Walker, Arizona">Walker, Arizona</a>, is named for him. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_R._Walker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Joseph_R._Walker.jpg/220px-Joseph_R._Walker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Joseph_R._Walker.jpg/330px-Joseph_R._Walker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Joseph_R._Walker.jpg/440px-Joseph_R._Walker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3203" data-file-height="4005" /></a><figcaption>Walker's grave at the Alhambra Cemetery, Martinez, California</figcaption></figure> <p>Walker returned to the family base of Manzanita Ranch in <a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa County, California</a>, in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died there on October 27, 1876, and is buried in the Alhambra Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Martinez,_California" title="Martinez, California">Martinez, California</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several different places are named for Walker, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Pass" title="Walker Pass">Walker Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Basin" title="Walker Basin">Walker Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Lake_(Nevada)" title="Walker Lake (Nevada)">Walker Lake (Nevada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_River" title="Walker River">Walker River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walker_Town,_California" title="Joe Walker Town, California">Joe Walker Town, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker,_Arizona" title="Walker, Arizona">Walker, Arizona</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oak_Creek_Pass" title="Oak Creek Pass">Oak Creek Pass</a> was also named for him by Frémont,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the designation was later changed to another pass to the north, now known as <a href="/wiki/Walker_Pass" title="Walker Pass">Walker Pass</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mexico declared independence from Spain in 1822</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">After Walker's death, he was eulogized as being the leader of the first group of Europeans to "gaze upon <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_Valley" title="Yosemite Valley">Yosemite Valley</a>." Subsequent historians, <a href="/wiki/Francis_P._Farquhar" title="Francis P. Farquhar">Francis P. Farquhar</a> in particular, tried to recreate a route that would have Walker's group start their Sierra ascent at present day <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport,_California" title="Bridgeport, California">Bridgeport</a>, to the rim of Yosemite, then descending between the <a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_River" title="Tuolumne River">Tuolumne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merced_River" title="Merced River">Merced River</a> drainage.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott Stine, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Anthropology, Geography, and Environmental Studies at California State University, East Bay, conducted an extensive study of Zenas Leonard's, a member of the group, journal, in comparison with the geography of the Sierras and reasonable distances the group might have traveled each day, and determined that Walker's group's route could not have traveled as far south as Yosemite, and instead proposed the northern route described in the body of the article.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is impossible to tell from Leonar's journal exactly where they traveled. They were quite lost. But a comparison of the journal with topography suggests their route was almost the same as State Highway 88 today. The journal clearly says that they followed the river that empties into San Francisco Bay and that they reached the Pacific about 40 miles from San Francisco. A route across the central valley in a generally westward direction would take them from the confluence of Jackson and Dry Creeks, just southwest of Ione, CA, past the vicinity of Walnut Grove, Fairfield, and Petaluma to the coast somewhere near Dillon Beach, CA.(although the journal says San Francisco lay to the north)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Which pass Walker used is disputed. While it is generally accepted that the Native American guides he engaged took him over what is today known as "Walker Pass", G. Andrew Miller avers that the party crossed over 50 miles north of there, descending the eastern Sierra at Haiwee Pass.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Bartleson-Bidwell Party had to abandon their wagons at the Great Salt Lake and had used pack animals to cross the Sierras at <a href="/wiki/Ebbetts_Pass" title="Ebbetts Pass">Ebbetts Pass</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Another account (Bancroft 1886:IV:394 395) places the proposed rendezvous at the west end of <a href="/wiki/Walker_Pass" title="Walker Pass">Walker Pass</a>. The Walker party reached the Humboldt Sink on approximately October 22, 1843.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haiwee Pass was too steep for wagons, and it was probably too late in the year to cross such a higher (8500') pass.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrémont1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Frémont, John Charles (1970). Jackson, Donald; Spence, Mary Lee (eds.). <i>The Expeditions of John Charles 1 Frémont</i>. Vol. 1: Travels from 1838 to 1844. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. pp. 657–57, 668.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Expeditions+of+John+Charles+1+Fr%C3%A9mont&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=657-57%2C+668&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Fr%C3%A9mont&rft.aufirst=John+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+R.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, pp. 96–97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Meara1915" class="citation journal cs1">O'Meara, James (1 Dec 1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/jstor-20610018/20610018#page/n6/mode/1up">"Joseph R. Walker"</a>. <i>The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society</i>. <b>16</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+of+the+Oregon+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=Joseph+R.+Walker&rft.volume=16&rft.date=1915-12-01&rft.aulast=O%27Meara&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fjstor-20610018%2F20610018%23page%2Fn6%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+R.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, pp. 125–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">History of the Sierra Nevada (1946)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS7-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS7_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS7_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS7_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudo, Sec. 8, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudo, Section 8, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walkerparty-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walkerparty_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sharlot.org/archives/history/dayspast/days_show.pl?name=2006_05_28">Jack Swilling and Joseph Walker's Arizona Adventure Part I</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100906140522/http://sharlot.org/archives/history/dayspast/days_show.pl?name=2006_05_28">Archived</a> 2010-09-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sharlot Hall Museum</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, p. 282</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_R._Walker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1985" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Bil (1985) [1983]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h7BQjaTxHy8C"><i>Westering Man: The Life of Joseph Walker</i></a>. Tulsa: University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0806119349" title="Special:BookSources/0806119349"><bdi>0806119349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Westering+Man%3A+The+Life+of+Joseph+Walker&rft.place=Tulsa&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0806119349&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Bil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh7BQjaTxHy8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+R.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2004" class="citation book cs1">Miller, G. Andrew (2004). <i>Joseph R. Walker, California Expedition 1833–34</i>. Silver Spur Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joseph+R.+Walker%2C+California+Expedition+1833%E2%80%9334&rft.pub=Silver+Spur+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=G.+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+R.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudo1989" class="citation web cs1">Rudo, Mark O. (September 26, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://focus.nps.gov/GetAsset?assetID=42c42461-079b-4afb-8918-d379a57835a2">"Walker Pass"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>. <i>National Register of Historic Places – Nomination and Inventory</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+%E2%80%93+Nomination+and+Inventory&rft.atitle=Walker+Pass&rft.date=1989-09-26&rft.aulast=Rudo&rft.aufirst=Mark+O.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffocus.nps.gov%2FGetAsset%3FassetID%3D42c42461-079b-4afb-8918-d379a57835a2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJoseph+R.+Walker" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from 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