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class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4646101" href="https://iimcal.academia.edu/ShubhashisSengupta"><img alt="Profile image of Shubhashis Sengupta" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/4646101/1948174/2304095/s65_shubhashis.sengupta.jpg" />Shubhashis Sengupta</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, Natural Language Processing and Information Systems</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":95165342,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/92051150/Enabling_Interactive_Answering_of_Procedural_Questions"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" 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data-entity-id="16130877" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16130877/Investigating_the_Structure_of_Procedural_Texts_for_Answering_How_to_Questions">Investigating the Structure of Procedural Texts for Answering How-to Questions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35243708" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrickSaintdizier">Patrick Saint-dizier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Language Resources and Evaluation, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper presents ongoing work dedicated to parsing the textual structure of procedural texts. We propose here a model for the intructional structure and criteria to identify its main co mponents: titles, instructions, warnings and prerequisit es. The main aim of this project, besides a contribution to text processing, is to be able to answer procedural questions (How-to? questions), where</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigating the Structure of Procedural Texts for Answering How-to Questions","attachmentId":38878664,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16130877/Investigating_the_Structure_of_Procedural_Texts_for_Answering_How_to_Questions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/16130877/Investigating_the_Structure_of_Procedural_Texts_for_Answering_How_to_Questions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="114755513" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/114755513/Text_based_Q_and_A_Automated_Question_Generation_and_Answering_for_Enhanced_Data_Processing">Text-based Q&A: Automated Question Generation and Answering for Enhanced Data Processing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="95329246" href="https://bracu.academia.edu/HumaionKabirMehedi">Md Humaion Kabir Mehedi</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="179024444" href="https://bracu.academia.edu/EhsanurRahmanRhythm">Ehsanur Rahman Rhythm</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="242732804" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ABDULHALIMHOSAIN">ABDUL HALIM HOSAIN</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="303936413" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TonusreeTrina">Tonusree Trina</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2023 Computer Applications & Technological Solutions (CATS), 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In the age of information overload, where the world is getting increasingly digital, traditional methods of learning are becoming tedious and extensively outdated. Imagine a system with just a few clicks that can quickly generate perplexing questions and enlightening solutions from a given text. Likewise, this paper represents a groundbreaking system that uses stateof-the-art of natural language processing techniques to analyze subject-specific chapters to create questions and corresponding solutions of varying lengths. The system's versatility as an ideal tool for a wide range of users, including students, researchers, and educators, is a result of its capability to handle a wide range of domains. By offering questions of insight along with appropriate answers, this aforementioned structure demonstrated its extraordinary accuracy and competency in our studies on an array of informational datasets. Altering the learning process and promoting knowledge discovery, this program is flexible in delivering brief or comprehensible solutions to inquiries, having the potential to completely change how individuals interact with written material, whether they are reading for short reference or conducting any depth research. Our suggested framework establishes a dynamic platform for immediate information that enables people to learn substantially more and comprehend any topic in depth. With this leading-edge method, bid goodbye to exhausting manual question generation and get ready to embrace a new era of seamless and fruitful learning with this cutting-edge system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Text-based Q\u0026A: Automated Question Generation and Answering for Enhanced Data Processing","attachmentId":111365286,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/114755513/Text_based_Q_and_A_Automated_Question_Generation_and_Answering_for_Enhanced_Data_Processing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/114755513/Text_based_Q_and_A_Automated_Question_Generation_and_Answering_for_Enhanced_Data_Processing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="62182273" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62182273/Identifying_and_improving_retrieval_for_procedural_questions">Identifying and improving retrieval for procedural questions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="50317" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/NIcholasBelkin">NIcholas Belkin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Information Processing & Management, 2007</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Identifying and improving retrieval for procedural questions","attachmentId":75014866,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62182273/Identifying_and_improving_retrieval_for_procedural_questions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62182273/Identifying_and_improving_retrieval_for_procedural_questions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="37257501" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37257501/An_intelligent_question_answer_system_over_natural_language_texts">An intelligent question-answer system over natural-language texts</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66232" href="https://rug.academia.edu/Bj%C3%B8rnJespersen">Bjørn Jespersen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9417919" href="https://vsb.academia.edu/MarieDu%C5%BE%C3%AD">Marie Duží</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, forthcoming.</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The success of automated reasoning techniques over large natural-language texts heavily relies on a fine-grained formal analysis of these texts. While there is common agreement that the analysis should be hyperintensional, most automatic reasoning systems are still based on intensional logic. In this paper, we introduce a hyperintensional system of reasoning and answering. We apply Tichy's Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL) which comes with a procedural (as opposed to truth-conditional) semantics. Our goal is to analyse empirical questions that come attached with a presupposition.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An intelligent question-answer system over natural-language texts","attachmentId":57210417,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37257501/An_intelligent_question_answer_system_over_natural_language_texts","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37257501/An_intelligent_question_answer_system_over_natural_language_texts"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="89933517" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89933517/Investigating_the_Structure_of_Procedural_Texts_identification_of_titles_and_instructions">Investigating the Structure of Procedural Texts: identification of titles and instructions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35243708" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PatrickSaintdizier">Patrick Saint-dizier</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Investigating the Structure of Procedural Texts: identification of titles and instructions","attachmentId":93636737,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89933517/Investigating_the_Structure_of_Procedural_Texts_identification_of_titles_and_instructions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89933517/Investigating_the_Structure_of_Procedural_Texts_identification_of_titles_and_instructions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="80231656" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80231656/Extracting_Procedural_Knowledge_from_Technical_Documents">Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Technical Documents</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2837934" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShivaliAgarwal">Shivali Agarwal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Procedures are an important knowledge component of documents that can be leveraged by cognitive assistants for automation, question-answering or driving a conversation. It is a challenging problem to parse big dense documents like product manuals, user guides to automatically understand which parts are talking about procedures and subsequently extract them. Most of the existing research has focused on extracting flows in given procedures or understanding the procedures in order to answer conceptual questions. Identifying and extracting multiple procedures automatically from documents of diverse formats remains a relatively less addressed problem. In this work, we cover some of this ground by -- 1) Providing insights on how structural and linguistic properties of documents can be grouped to define types of procedures, 2) Analyzing documents to extract the relevant linguistic and structural properties, and 3) Formulating procedure identification as a classification problem that levera...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Extracting Procedural Knowledge from Technical Documents","attachmentId":86682466,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80231656/Extracting_Procedural_Knowledge_from_Technical_Documents","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19518624" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19518624/Dynamic_Generation_of_Follow_up_Question_Menus_Facilitating_Interactive_Natural_Language_Dialogues">Dynamic Generation of Follow up Question Menus: Facilitating Interactive Natural Language Dialogues</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33195247" href="https://edinburgh.academia.edu/JohannaMoore">Johanna Moore</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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