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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_British_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_British_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early British Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_British_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_and_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_and_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Status and roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_and_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Between_the_wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Between_the_wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Between the wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Between_the_wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-colonial_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-colonial_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Post-colonial era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-colonial_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_1945_and_the_Cold_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_1945_and_the_Cold_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>After 1945 and the Cold War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_1945_and_the_Cold_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_status_and_deployment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_status_and_deployment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current status and deployment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_status_and_deployment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current status and deployment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_status_and_deployment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Light_weapons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_weapons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Light weapons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_weapons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Armour</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artillery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artillery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Artillery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artillery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vessels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vessels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Vessels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vessels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Command_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Command structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_Commando_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_Commando_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>UK Commando Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_Commando_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_elements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_elements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other elements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_elements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure_of_a_commando" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_of_a_commando"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Structure of a commando</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_of_a_commando-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commando_Helicopter_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commando_Helicopter_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Commando Helicopter Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commando_Helicopter_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_Commando_Force_(FCF)_Programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_Commando_Force_(FCF)_Programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Future Commando Force (FCF) Programme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_Commando_Force_(FCF)_Programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selection</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selection-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selection subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Customs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Customs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Customs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks_and_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_and_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ranks and insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks_and_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Captain_General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Captain_General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Captain General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Captain_General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associations_with_other_regiments_and_marine_corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associations_with_other_regiments_and_marine_corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Associations with other regiments and marine corps</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Associations_with_other_regiments_and_marine_corps-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Associations with other regiments and marine corps subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Associations_with_other_regiments_and_marine_corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princess_of_Wales's_Royal_Regiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princess_of_Wales's_Royal_Regiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princess_of_Wales's_Royal_Regiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Marine_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Marine_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>United States Marine Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Marine_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Barbados_Defence_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Barbados_Defence_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Barbados Defence Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Barbados_Defence_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands_Marine_Corps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands_Marine_Corps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Netherlands Marine Corps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands_Marine_Corps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French_9th_Marine_Infantry_Brigade_(former_9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_9th_Marine_Infantry_Brigade_(former_9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>French 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (former 9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_9th_Marine_Infantry_Brigade_(former_9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Marines</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynelican_Scipf%C4%93%C3%B0an" title="Cynelican Scipfēðan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cynelican Scipfēðan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marines_Reials" title="Marines Reials – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Marines Reials" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_M%C3%B4r-filwyr_Brenhinol" title="Y Môr-filwyr Brenhinol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Môr-filwyr Brenhinol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuninglik_Merejalav%C3%A4gi" title="Kuninglik Merejalavägi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuninglik Merejalavägi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="سپاه تفنگداران دریایی سلطنتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سپاه تفنگداران دریایی سلطنتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AD_%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD_%ED%95%B4%EB%B3%91%EB%8C%80" title="영국 왕립 해병대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영국 왕립 해병대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BF%D6%87%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Մեծ Բրիտանիայի թագավորական ծովային հետևազոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ Բրիտանիայի թագավորական ծովային հետևազոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinir_Kerajaan" title="Marinir Kerajaan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Marinir Kerajaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99" title="חיל הנחתים המלכותי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיל הנחתים המלכותי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marin_Diraja" title="Marin Diraja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Marin Diraja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AE%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B5%E9%9A%8A" title="イギリス海兵隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イギリス海兵隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Королевская морская пехота Великобритании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Королевская морская пехота Великобритании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryal_Marines" title="Ryal Marines – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ryal Marines" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Marines" title="Royal Marines – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Royal Marines" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevi_marinci" title="Kraljevi marinci – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljevi marinci" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbritanniens_marink%C3%A5r" title="Storbritanniens marinkår – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storbritanniens marinkår" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ราชนาวิกโยธิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชนาวิกโยธิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraliyet_Deniz_Piyadeleri" title="Kraliyet Deniz Piyadeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kraliyet Deniz Piyadeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Корпус Королівської морської піхоти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корпус Королівської морської піхоти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="شاہی میرینز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شاہی میرینز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Maritime land warfare force of the United Kingdom</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marine_(horse)" title="Royal Marine (horse)">Royal Marine (horse)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Corps of Royal Marines</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyalMarineBadge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/RoyalMarineBadge.svg/150px-RoyalMarineBadge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/RoyalMarineBadge.svg/225px-RoyalMarineBadge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/RoyalMarineBadge.svg/300px-RoyalMarineBadge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="137" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="#Badge">Badge of the Royal Marines</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">28 October 1664 – present<br />(360 years)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="United Kingdom"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a>,<br /> Special operations-capable<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">5,820 as of 1 April 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit">[update]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>770 officers</li> <li>5,050 other ranks</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a><br /><a href="/wiki/UK_Special_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Special Forces">UK Special Forces</a> (1 Company, assigned to the <a href="/wiki/SFSG" class="mw-redirect" title="SFSG">SFSG</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Naval staff offices</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whitehall" title="Whitehall">Whitehall</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">"Royals"<br /> "Bootnecks"<br /> "The Commandos"<br /> "Jollies"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Motto(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Per Mare, Per Terram</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>)</span><br />(English: "By Sea, By Land")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000080; color:white;"> </span> Royal Navy Blue<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B8860B; color:black;"> </span> Old Gold<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#006400; color:white;"> </span> Light Infantry Green<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> Drummer Red</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data">Quick: "<a href="/wiki/A_Life_on_the_Ocean_Wave" title="A Life on the Ocean Wave">A Life on the Ocean Wave</a>"<br />Slow: "<a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Preobrazhensky_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="March of the Preobrazhensky Regiment">Preobrajensky</a>"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Third Anglo-Dutch War">Third Anglo-Dutch War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War in Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First Opium War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Wars" title="New Zealand Wars">Māori Wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Satsuma_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Satsuma War">Anglo-Satsuma War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/British_Expedition_to_Abyssinia" class="mw-redirect" title="British Expedition to Abyssinia">Expedition to Abyssinia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ashanti_wars" title="Anglo-Ashanti wars">Anglo-Ashanti wars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_War" title="Anglo-Egyptian War">Anglo-Egyptian War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish insurgency in Palestine">Insurgency in Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Civil_War_in_Mandatory_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine">Civil War in Palestine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Emergency" title="Cyprus Emergency">Cyprus Emergency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_Confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation">Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhofar Rebellion">Dhofar Rebellion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Gulf War">Persian Gulf War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ellamy" title="Operation Ellamy">Intervention in Libya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Head of the Armed Forces">Head of the Armed Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Royal_Marines" title="Captain General Royal Marines">Captain General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Admiral_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral (Royal Navy)">Admiral</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Ben_Key" title="Ben Key">Ben Key</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Commandant_General_Royal_Marines" title="Commandant General Royal Marines">Commandant General</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Gwyn_Jenkins" title="Gwyn Jenkins">Gwyn Jenkins</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major" title="Corps Regimental Sergeant Major">Corps Regimental Sergeant Major</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Warrant Officer 1 Nick Ollive<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Non‑ceremonial flag</th><td class="infobox-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Commando flash</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marines_Commando.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Royal_Marines_Commando.svg/80px-Royal_Marines_Commando.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/125px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/188px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/250px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="line-height:1.0em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's<br />Naval Service</a><br /><span style="font-size:65%;"><span class="nobold">of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a></span></span></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em;background-color:#efefef"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Surface_Fleet" title="Royal Navy Surface Fleet">Surface Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Submarine_Service" title="Royal Navy Submarine Service">Submarine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Reserve" title="Royal Naval Reserve">Royal Naval Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Medical_Service" title="Royal Navy Medical Service">Royal Navy Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra%27s_Royal_Naval_Nursing_Service" title="Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service">Nursing Service (QARNNS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Chaplaincy_Service" title="Royal Navy Chaplaincy Service">Chaplaincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Police" title="Royal Navy Police">Royal Navy Police</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Marines</a></b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Reserve" title="Royal Marines Reserve">Royal Marines Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Band_Service" title="Royal Marines Band Service">Royal Marines Band Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="Structure of the Royal Marines">Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="List of equipment of the Royal Marines">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="Uniforms of the Royal Marines">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><b>Special Forces</b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Naval_Careers_Service" title="Naval Careers Service">Naval Careers Service</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em;background-color:#efefef"> History and future</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <ul><li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy_(before_1707)" title="History of the Royal Navy (before 1707)">before 1707</a> / <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy_(after_1707)" title="History of the Royal Navy (after 1707)">after 1707</a> / <a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Future of the Royal Navy">future</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="History of the Royal Marines">History of the Royal Marines</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coloured_squadrons_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Coloured squadrons of the Royal Navy">Coloured squadrons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_traditions_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Customs and traditions of the Royal Navy">Customs and traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_command_flags_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of command flags of the Royal Navy">Flag officer command flags</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em;background-color:#efefef"> Operations</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Royal_Navy_deployments" title="Standing Royal Navy deployments">Current deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Party_(Royal_Navy)" title="Naval Party (Royal Navy)">Naval parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Navy_shore_establishments" title="List of Royal Navy shore establishments">Shore establishments</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em;background-color:#efefef"> Equipment</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Royal_Navy_ships" title="List of active Royal Navy ships">Current fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_names_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of ship names of the Royal Navy">Historic ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of equipment of the Royal Navy">Equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em;background-color:#efefef"> Personnel</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">The Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_senior_officers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of senior officers of the Royal Navy">Senior officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Uniforms of the Royal Navy">Uniforms</a></li> <li><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="Royal Navy officer rank insignia">Officer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_ratings_rank_insignia" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Navy ratings rank insignia">ratings rank insignia</a></div></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.2em;padding:0.25em;background-color:#efefef"> Auxiliary services</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary" title="Royal Fleet Auxiliary">Royal Fleet Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serco_Marine_Services" title="Serco Marine Services">Marine Services</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Navy" title="Template:Royal Navy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_Navy" title="Template talk:Royal Navy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal Navy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Royal Marines</b>, also known as the <b>Royal Marines Commandos</b>, and officially as the <b>Corps of Royal Marines</b>, are the United Kingdom's <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">amphibious</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations</a> capable <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">commando</a> force,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the <a href="/wiki/Category:Fighting_Arms_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Category:Fighting Arms of the Royal Navy">five fighting arms</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provide a company strength unit to the <a href="/wiki/Special_Forces_Support_Group" title="Special Forces Support Group">Special Forces Support Group (SFSG)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Marines trace their origins back to the formation of the "Duke of York and Albany's maritime regiment of Foot" on 28 October 1664,<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first Royal Marines Commando unit was formed at <a href="/wiki/Deal,_Kent" title="Deal, Kent">Deal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a> on 14 February 1942 and designated "The Royal Marine Commando".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Marines have seen action across many conflicts but do not have <a href="/wiki/Battle_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle honours">battle honours</a> as such, but rather the "Great Globe itself" was chosen in 1827 by King George IV in their place to recognise the Marines' service and successes in multiple engagements in every quarter of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Corps has close ties with allied marine forces, particularly the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">Netherlands Marine Corps</a> (Dutch: <i lang="nl">Korps Mariniers</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-mod.uk_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mod.uk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-royalnavy.mod.uk_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalnavy.mod.uk-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="History of the Royal Marines">History of the Royal Marines</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Marines trace their origins back to 28 October 1664 when <b>the Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot</b> was formed at the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 'first official' unit of English naval infantry, originally called the <b>Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot</b> and soon becoming known as the <b>Admiral's Regiment</b>, was formed on 28 October 1664, with an initial strength of 1,200 infantrymen recruited from the <a href="/wiki/Trained_Bands" class="mw-redirect" title="Trained Bands">Trained Bands</a> of London as part of the mobilisation for the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="Second Anglo-Dutch War">Second Anglo-Dutch War</a>. James (later <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">King James VII & II</a>), the Duke of York and Albany, <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Lord High Admiral</a> and brother of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>, was Captain-General of the Artillery Company, now the <a href="/wiki/Honourable_Artillery_Company" title="Honourable Artillery Company">Honourable Artillery Company</a>, the unit that trained the Trained Bands.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the fifth European Marine unit formed, being preceded by the <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Navy Marines">Infantería de Marina</a> (1537), the <i>Fanti da Mar</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> (1550), the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Marine_Corps" title="Portuguese Marine Corps">Portuguese Marine Corps</a> (1610) and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">Troupes de marine</a> (1622). It consisted of six 200-man companies and was initially commanded by Colonel Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Killigrew_(1606%E2%80%931695)" title="William Killigrew (1606–1695)">William Killigrew</a> with Sir Charles Lyttleton as lieutenant-colonel. Killigrew had commanded an English <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiment</a> in Dutch service, and many of the regiment's initial complement of officers had served there as well.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Buffs_(Royal_East_Kent_Regiment)" title="Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)">Holland Regiment (later The Buffs)</a> was also raised to serve at sea and both of these "Naval" regiments were paid for by the <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Navy" title="Treasurer of the Navy">Treasurer of the Navy</a> by Order of Council of 11 July 1665.<sup id="cite_ref-buffs_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buffs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill</a>, later the 1st Duke of Marlborough, was a famous member of this regiment. A Company of <a href="/wiki/Foot_Guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot Guards">Foot Guards</a> served as Marines to augment the Marines of the Admiral's Regiment during the key <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">sea battle</a> the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Solebay" title="Battle of Solebay">Battle of Solebay</a> in 1672. The regiment was disbanded in 1689 shortly after James II was <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deposition (politics)">deposed</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Glorious_Revolution" title="Glorious Revolution">Glorious Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-buffs_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buffs-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two marine regiments of the army were raised in 1690. They were the Earl of Pembroke's and Torrington's, later Lord Berkeley's.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two regiments participated in an opposed landing during the <a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War in Ireland</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork, Ireland</a> on 21 September 1690 under the command of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1699 the marine regiments were disbanded, but they were raised again from 1702 to 1713 to fight in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a>; their most notable contribution being the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">capture of Gibraltar</a> in 1704.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_British_Empire">Early British Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early British Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 5 April 1755, <b>His Majesty's Marine Forces</b>, fifty Companies in three Divisions, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, were formed by Order of Council under <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Admiralty</a> control.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially Marine <a href="/wiki/Field_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Field officer">field officer</a> ranks were honorary <a href="/wiki/Sinecure" title="Sinecure">sinecure</a> positions awarded to senior Royal Navy officers. This meant that the furthest a Marine officer could advance was to lieutenant colonel. It was not until 1771 that the first Marine was promoted to colonel. This attitude persisted well into the 1800s. During the rest of the 18th century, they served in numerous landings all over the world, the most famous being the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Belle_%C3%8Ele" title="Capture of Belle Île">landing at Belle Île</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> coast in 1761.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also served in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American War of Independence</a>, notably in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Battle of Bunker Hill</a> led by Major <a href="/wiki/John_Pitcairn" title="John Pitcairn">John Pitcairn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG/170px-Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG/255px-Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG/340px-Major_General_John_Tupper.JPG 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1182" /></a><figcaption>Major General John Tupper His Majesty's Marine Forces</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1788 a detachment of four companies of marines, under Major <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ross_(British_Marines_officer)" title="Robert Ross (British Marines officer)">Robert Ross</a>, accompanied the <a href="/wiki/First_Fleet" title="First Fleet">First Fleet</a> to protect a new colony at <a href="/wiki/Botany_Bay" title="Botany Bay">Botany Bay</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>). Due to an error the Fleet left Portsmouth without its main supply of ammunition, and were not resupplied until the Fleet docked in Rio de Janeiro midway through the voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some scholars contend that the Marines deliberately spread smallpox among Australia's Indigenous population in order to protect the settlement, but this incident does not appear in contemporaneous Marine or government records and most researchers associate the disease outbreak with other causes.<sup id="cite_ref-whowhenwhy_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whowhenwhy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Private_of_Marines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Private_of_Marines.jpg/170px-Private_of_Marines.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Private_of_Marines.jpg/255px-Private_of_Marines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Private_of_Marines.jpg/340px-Private_of_Marines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Private of Marines, 1815</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1802, largely at the instigation of Admiral the <a href="/wiki/John_Jervis,_1st_Earl_of_St_Vincent" title="John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent">Earl St Vincent</a>, they were titled the <b>Royal Marines</b> by King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>. The <b>Royal Marines Artillery (RMA)</b> was formed as a separate unit in 1804 to man the artillery in <a href="/wiki/Bomb_ketch" class="mw-redirect" title="Bomb ketch">bomb ketches</a>. These had been manned by the Army's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Regiment of Artillery</a>, but a lawsuit by a Royal Artillery officer resulted in a court decision that Army officers were not subject to Naval orders. As RMA uniforms were the blue of the Royal Regiment of Artillery they were nicknamed the "Blue Marines" and the infantry element, who wore the red uniforms of the British infantry, became known as the "Red Marines", often given the semi-derogatory nickname "Lobsters" by sailors.<sup id="cite_ref-crest_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crest-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fourth division of the Royal Marines, headquartered at <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a>, was formed in 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> the Royal Marines participated in every <a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_battles_involving_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Naval battles involving the United Kingdom">notable naval battle</a> on board the Royal Navy's ships and also took part in multiple amphibious actions. Marines had a dual function aboard ships of the Royal Navy in this period; routinely, they ensured the security of the ship's officers and supported their maintenance of discipline in the ship's crew, and in battle, they engaged the enemy's crews, whether firing from positions on their own ship, or fighting in boarding actions.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Caribbean theatre volunteers from freed French slaves on <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a> were used to form <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Sir Alexander Cochrane</a>'s first <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Colonial_Marines" title="Corps of Colonial Marines">Corps of Colonial Marines</a>. These men bolstered the ranks, helping the British to hold the island until reinforcements arrived. This practice was repeated during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, where escaped American slaves were formed into <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cochrane" title="Alexander Cochrane">Cochrane</a>'s second <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Colonial_Marines" title="Corps of Colonial Marines">Corps of Colonial Marines</a>. These men were commanded by Royal Marines officers and fought alongside their regular Royal Marines counterparts at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bladensburg" title="Battle of Bladensburg">Battle of Bladensburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the war Royal Marines units raided up and down the east coast of America including up the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hampden" title="Battle of Hampden">Penobscot River</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Bay" title="Chesapeake Bay">Chesapeake Bay</a>. They fought in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Orleans" title="Battle of New Orleans">Battle of New Orleans</a> and later helped capture <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Bowyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Fort Bowyer">Fort Bowyer</a> in Mobile Bay in what was the last action of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Marines_in_Chania,_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/British_Marines_in_Chania%2C_1897.jpg/220px-British_Marines_in_Chania%2C_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/British_Marines_in_Chania%2C_1897.jpg/330px-British_Marines_in_Chania%2C_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/British_Marines_in_Chania%2C_1897.jpg/440px-British_Marines_in_Chania%2C_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Royal Marines march through the streets of <a href="/wiki/Chania" title="Chania">Chania</a>, Crete, in spring 1897, as part of the British occupation during the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1897)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1897)">Greco-Turkish War</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1855 the infantry forces were renamed the <b>Royal Marines Light Infantry (RMLI)</b>. During the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> in 1854 and 1855, three Royal Marines earned the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>, two in the Crimea and one in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cross_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cross-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1862 the name was slightly altered to <b>Royal Marine Light Infantry</b>. The Royal Navy did not fight any other ships after 1850 and became interested in landings by Naval Brigades. In these Naval Brigades, the function of the Royal Marines was to land first and act as skirmishers ahead of the sailor infantry and artillery. This skirmishing was the traditional function of <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For most of their history, British Marines had been organised as <a href="/wiki/Fusilier" title="Fusilier">fusiliers</a>. In the rest of the 19th Century the Royal Marines served in many landings especially in the <a href="/wiki/First_Opium_War" title="First Opium War">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Opium_War" title="Second Opium War">Second Opium Wars</a> (1839–1842 and 1856–1860) against the Chinese. These were all successful except for the landing at the Mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Peiho</a> in 1859, where <a href="/wiki/James_Hope_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="James Hope (Royal Navy officer)">Admiral Sir James Hope</a> ordered a landing across extensive mud flats.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Marines also played a prominent role in the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> in China (1900), where a Royal Marine earned a <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cross_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cross-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_and_roles">Status and roles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Status and roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through much of the 18th and 19th centuries Marine officers had a lower standing status than their counterparts in the Royal Navy. A short-lived<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effort was made in 1907, through the common entry or "<a href="/wiki/Selborne_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Selborne scheme">Selborne scheme</a>", to reduce the professional differences between RN and RM officers through a system of common entry that provided for an initial period of shared training.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early twentieth century the Royal Marines had achieved a high professional status, although there was a serious shortage of junior officers. Numbering about 15,000 during the Edwardian era,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> enlistment for other ranks was for at least 12 years, with entitlement to a pension after 21 years of service. After basic training new recruits were assigned to one of three land-based divisions and from there to warships as vacancies arose.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1908 onwards one gun turret on each battleship was manned by RMA gunners. The RMLI continued their traditional role of providing landing parties and shore-based detachments. Specialist positions on board ship, such as postmen, barbers, lamp trimmers and butchers, were reserved for Royal Marines. After 1903 the Royal Marines provided bands for service on board battleships and other large vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_wars">World wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_World_War">First World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, in addition to their usual stations aboard ship, Royal Marines were part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Naval Division">Royal Naval Division</a> which landed in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> in 1914 to help defend <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and later took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">amphibious landing at Gallipoli</a> in 1915. It also served on the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a>. The Division's first two commanders were Royal Marine Artillery Generals. Other Royal Marines acted as landing parties in the Naval campaign against the Turkish fortifications in the Dardanelles before the Gallipoli landing. They were sent ashore to assess damage to Turkish fortifications after bombardment by British and French ships and, if necessary, to complete their destruction. The Royal Marines were the last to leave Gallipoli, replacing both British and <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French troops</a> in a neatly planned and executed withdrawal from the beaches.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Marines also took part in the <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a> in 1918. Five Royal Marines earned the Victoria Cross in the First World War, two at Zeebrugge, one at Gallipoli, one at Jutland and one on the Western Front.<sup id="cite_ref-cross_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cross-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Between_the_wars">Between the wars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Between the wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war Royal Marines took part in the <a href="/wiki/Allied_intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" title="Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War">allied intervention in Russia</a>. In 1919, the 6th Battalion RMLI mutinied and was disbanded at Murmansk.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Marine Artillery (RMA) and Royal Marine Light Infantry (RMLI) were amalgamated on 22 June 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Post-war demobilisation had seen the Royal Marines reduced from 55,000 (1918) to 15,000 in 1922 and there was <a href="/wiki/Treasury" title="Treasury">Treasury</a> pressure for a further reduction to 6,000 or even the entire disbandment of the Corps. As a compromise an establishment of 9,500 was settled upon but this meant that two separate branches could no longer be maintained. The abandonment of the Marine's artillery role meant that the Corps would subsequently have to rely on Royal Artillery support when ashore, that the title of Royal Marines would apply to the entire Corps and that only a few specialists would now receive gunnery training. As a form of consolation the dark blue and red uniform of the Royal Marine Artillery now became the full dress of the entire Corps. Royal Marine officers and SNCO's however continue to wear the historic scarlet in <a href="/wiki/Mess_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Mess dress">mess dress</a> to the present day. The ranks of <a href="/wiki/Private_(rank)" title="Private (rank)">private</a>, used by the RMLI, and <a href="/wiki/Gunner_(rank)" title="Gunner (rank)">gunner</a>, used by the RMA, were abolished and replaced by the rank of Marine.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Commandos_archery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commandos_archery.jpg/220px-Commandos_archery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commandos_archery.jpg/330px-Commandos_archery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Commandos_archery.jpg/440px-Commandos_archery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commandos</a> in action during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Archery" title="Operation Archery">Operation Archery</a>, Norway</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, a small party of Royal Marines were first ashore at <a href="/wiki/Namsos_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Namsos Campaign">Namsos in April 1940</a>, seizing the approaches to the Norwegian town preparatory to a landing by the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> two days later. The Royal Marines formed the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Division" title="Royal Marines Division">Royal Marine Division</a> as an amphibiously trained division, parts of which served at Dakar and in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">capture of Madagascar</a>. After the assault on the French naval base at Antsirane in Madagascar was held up, fifty Sea Service Royal Marines from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ramillies_(07)" title="HMS Ramillies (07)">HMS <i>Ramillies</i></a> commanded by Captain Martin Price were landed on the quay of the base by the destroyer <a href="/wiki/HMS_Anthony_(H40)" title="HMS Anthony (H40)">HMS <i>Anthony</i></a> after it ran the gauntlet of French shore batteries defending Diego Suarez Bay. They then captured two of the batteries, which led to a quick surrender by the French.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition the Royal Marines formed Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisations (MNBDOs) similar to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_defense_battalions" title="Marine defense battalions">Defense Battalions</a>. One of these took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">defence of Crete</a>. Royal Marines also served in <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayan Campaign">Malaya</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Singapore">Singapore</a>, where due to losses they were joined with remnants of the 2nd Battalion of <a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders" title="Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders">Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tyersall_Park" title="Tyersall Park">Tyersall Park</a> to form the "Plymouth Argylls". The Royal Marines formed one Commando (A Commando) which served at <a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Dieppe</a>. One month after Dieppe, most of the 11th Royal Marine Battalion was killed or captured in an ill staged amphibious landing at Tobruk in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Agreement" title="Operation Agreement">Operation Agreement</a>. Again, the Marines were involved with the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, this time the 1st Battalion. In 1942 the Infantry Battalions of the Royal Marine Division were re-organised as <a href="/wiki/Commando" title="Commando">Commandos</a>, joining the <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Army Commandos</a>. The Division command structure became a <a href="/wiki/Special_Service_Brigade" title="Special Service Brigade">Special Service Brigade</a> command. The support troops became <a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">landing craft</a> crew and saw extensive action on <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D-Day</a> in June 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg/220px-House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg/330px-House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg/440px-House_to_house_fighting_at_Riva_Bella_near_Ouistreham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2422" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Men of <a href="/wiki/No._4_Commando" title="No. 4 Commando">4 (Army) Commando</a> engaged in house to house fighting with the Germans at Riva Bella, near <a href="/wiki/Ouistreham" title="Ouistreham">Ouistreham</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A total of four Special Service Brigades (redesignated Commando brigades in December 1944 as the "SS" abbreviation was unpopular) were raised during the war, and Royal Marines were represented in all of them. A total of nine RM Commandos were raised during the war, numbered from 40 to 48. These were distributed as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Special_Service_Brigade" title="1st Special Service Brigade">1 Commando Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45_Commando" title="45 Commando">45 (RM) Commando</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Special_Service_Brigade" title="2nd Special Service Brigade">2 Commando Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40_Commando" title="40 Commando">40 (RM) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/43_Commando_Fleet_Protection_Group_Royal_Marines" title="43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines">43 (RM) Commando</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Commando Brigade">3 Commando Brigade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/42_Commando" title="42 Commando">42 (RM) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._44_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando">44 (RM) Commando</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Special_Service_Brigade" title="4th Special Service Brigade">4 Commando Brigade</a> (entirely Royal Marine after March 1944) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/41_Commando" title="41 Commando">41 (RM) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._46_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando">46 (RM) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._47_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando">47 (RM) Commando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No._48_(Royal_Marine)_Commando" title="No. 48 (Royal Marine) Commando">48 (RM) Commando</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>1 Commando Brigade took part in first in the <a href="/wiki/Tunisia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia Campaign">Tunisia Campaign</a> and then assaults on <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Normandy</a>, campaigns in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Plunder" title="Operation Plunder">crossing the Rhine</a>. 2 Commando Brigade was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Salerno_landings" class="mw-redirect" title="Salerno landings">Salerno landings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Roast" title="Operation Roast">Comacchio</a>, and operations in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line#The_Allied_attack" title="Gothic Line">Argenta Gap</a>. 3 Commando Brigade served in Sicily and <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign 1944–45">Burma</a>. 4 Commando Brigade served in the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Battle of Normandy</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Scheldt" title="Battle of the Scheldt">Battle of the Scheldt</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Walcheren" title="Walcheren">Walcheren</a> during the clearing of <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast,_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast%2C_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg/220px-Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast%2C_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast%2C_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg/330px-Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast%2C_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast%2C_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg/440px-Royal_Marine_Commandos_attached_to_3rd_Division_move_inland_from_Sword_Beach_on_the_Normandy_coast%2C_6_June_1944._B5071.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1778" /></a><figcaption>Royal Marine Commandos attached to 3rd Division move inland from Sword Beach on the Normandy coast, 6 June 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>In January 1945, two further RM Brigades were formed, 116th Brigade and 117th Brigade. Both were conventional Infantry, rather than in the Commando role. 116th Brigade saw some action in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, but 117th Brigade was hardly used operationally. In addition one Landing Craft Assault (LCA) unit was stationed in Australia late in the war as a training unit. In 1946 the Army Commandos were disbanded, leaving the Royal Marines to continue the Commando role (with supporting Army elements). A number of Royal Marines served as pilots during the Second World War. It was a Royal Marines officer who led the attack by a formation of <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Skua" title="Blackburn Skua">Blackburn Skuas</a> that sank the <a href="/wiki/German_cruiser_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="German cruiser Königsberg">Königsberg</a>. Eighteen Royal Marines commanded <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> squadrons during the course of the war, and with the formation of the <a href="/wiki/British_Pacific_Fleet" title="British Pacific Fleet">British Pacific Fleet</a> were well represented in the final drive on Japan. Captains and Majors generally commanded squadrons, whilst in one case Lt Colonel R.C. Hay on <a href="/wiki/HMS_Indefatigable_(R10)" title="HMS Indefatigable (R10)">HMS <i>Indefatigable</i></a> was Air Group Co-ordinator from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Victorious_(R38)" title="HMS Victorious (R38)">HMS <i>Victorious</i></a> of the entire <a href="/wiki/British_Pacific_Fleet" title="British Pacific Fleet">British Pacific Fleet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the war Royal Marines continued in their traditional role of providing ships detachments and manning a proportion of the guns on <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">Cruisers</a> and Capital Ships. They also provided the crew for the UK's Minor <a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a>, and the Royal Marines Armoured Support Group manned <a href="/wiki/Cromwell_tank" title="Cromwell tank">Centaur IV</a> tanks on <a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">D Day</a>; one of these is still on display at <a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Bridge" title="Pegasus Bridge">Pegasus Bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only one marine (<a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hunter_(VC)" title="Tom Hunter (VC)">Thomas Peck Hunter</a> of 43 Commando) was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cross" title="Victoria Cross">Victoria Cross</a> in the Second World War for action at Lake Comacchio in <a href="/wiki/Italian_Campaign_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Campaign (World War II)">Italy</a>. Hunter was the most recent RM Commando to be awarded the medal.<sup id="cite_ref-cross_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cross-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Marines Boom Patrol Detachment under Blondie Haslar carried out <a href="/wiki/Operation_Frankton" title="Operation Frankton">Operation Frankton</a> and provided the basis for the post-war continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">SBS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-colonial_era">Post-colonial era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Post-colonial era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Corps underwent a notable change after 1945 however, when the Royal Marines took on the main responsibility for the role and training of the <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">British Commandos</a>. As of 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, since their creation in 1942 Royal Marines Commandos had engaged on active operations across the globe, every year except 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably they provided the first military unit to perform an air assault insertion by helicopter, during the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were also part of the land element during the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>43 Commando was active as amphibious infantry from 1961 to 1968, and <a href="/wiki/41_Commando" title="41 Commando">41 Commando</a> was disbanded in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_1945_and_the_Cold_War">After 1945 and the Cold War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: After 1945 and the Cold War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg/300px-Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg/450px-Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg/600px-Royal_Marines_on_Rigid_Raider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1193" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>Royal Marines during an exercise in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1946 the Army Commandos were disbanded, leaving the Royal Marines to continue the commando role (with supporting army elements). During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> the Royal Marines were earmarked to reinforce <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>'s northernmost command <a href="/wiki/Allied_Forces_North_Norway" title="Allied Forces North Norway">Allied Forces North Norway</a>. Therefore, <a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Commando Brigade">3 Commando Brigade</a> began to train annually in Northern Norway and had large stores of vehicles and supplies pre-positioned there. At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the structure of the Royal Marines was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_General_Royal_Marines" title="Commandant General Royal Marines">Commandant General Royal Marines</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Commando Brigade">3 Commando Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40_Commando" title="40 Commando">40 Commando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taunton" title="Taunton">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42_Commando" title="42 Commando">42 Commando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bickleigh,_South_Hams" title="Bickleigh, South Hams">Bickleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45_Commando" title="45 Commando">45 Commando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbroath" title="Arbroath">Arbroath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29th_Commando_Regiment_Royal_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery">29 Commando Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a>, Plymouth, one battery in Arbroath, (18× <a href="/wiki/L118_light_gun" title="L118 light gun">L118 light guns</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Assault_Squadron_RM" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Assault Squadron RM">4 Assault Squadron</a>, Plymouth (4× <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility#United_Kingdom" title="Landing Craft Utility">LCU Mk.9</a>, 4× <a href="/wiki/LCVP_(United_Kingdom)" title="LCVP (United Kingdom)">LCVP Mk.4</a>, 2× <a href="/wiki/Beach_armoured_recovery_vehicle#Centurion_BARV" title="Beach armoured recovery vehicle">Centurion BARV</a>), served aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Fearless_(L10)" title="HMS Fearless (L10)">HMS <i>Fearless</i> (L10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/539_Assault_Squadron_RM" class="mw-redirect" title="539 Assault Squadron RM">539 Assault Squadron</a>, Plymouth (4× LCU Mk.9, 4× LCVP Mk.4, 2× Centurion BARV), served aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Intrepid_(L11)" title="HMS Intrepid (L11)">HMS <i>Intrepid</i> (L11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59_Independent_Commando_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="59 Independent Commando Squadron">59 Independent Commando Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a>, Plymouth, one troop in Arbroath</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade_Air_Squadron" title="3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron">3 Commando Brigade Air Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/RNAS_Yeovilton" class="mw-redirect" title="RNAS Yeovilton">RNAS Yeovilton</a>, (12× <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Gazelle" title="Aérospatiale Gazelle">Gazelle AH.1</a>, 6× <a href="/wiki/Westland_Lynx" title="Westland Lynx">Lynx AH.1</a>)</li> <li>2 Raiding Squadron, Royal Marines Reserve, Plymouth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/131_Commando_Squadron_Royal_Engineers" title="131 Commando Squadron Royal Engineers">131 Independent Commando Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Engineers" title="Royal Engineers">Royal Engineers</a> (V), <a href="/wiki/Kingsbury,_London" title="Kingsbury, London">Kingsbury, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/289_Commando_Troop,_Royal_Artillery" title="289 Commando Troop, Royal Artillery">289 Commando Battery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Artillery" title="Royal Artillery">Royal Artillery</a> (V), <a href="/wiki/East_Ham" title="East Ham">East Ham</a> (6× <a href="/wiki/L118_light_gun" title="L118 light gun">L118 light guns</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a>, under operational control of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Special_Forces" title="United Kingdom Special Forces">United Kingdom Special Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comacchio_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Comacchio Group">Comacchio Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Clyde" title="HMNB Clyde">HMNB Clyde</a>, guarded HMNB Clyde and the UK's naval nuclear weapons stored at <a href="/wiki/RNAD_Coulport" title="RNAD Coulport">RNAD Coulport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Police" title="Royal Marines Police">Royal Marines Police</a>, Plymouth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Training_Centre_Royal_Marines" title="Commando Training Centre Royal Marines">Commando Training Centre Royal Marines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lympstone" title="Lympstone">Lympstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Band_Service" title="Royal Marines Band Service">Royal Marines Band Service</a> RMSoM, <a href="/wiki/Deal,_Kent" title="Deal, Kent">Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Reserve" title="Royal Marines Reserve">Royal Marines Reserve</a> <ul><li>RMR Plymouth, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a></li> <li>RMR Bristol, <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li>RMR London, <a href="/wiki/Wandsworth" title="Wandsworth">Wandsworth</a></li> <li>RMR Merseyside, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></li> <li>RMR Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></li> <li>RMR Tyne, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg/220px-07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg/330px-07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg/440px-07_Royal_Marines_Montevideo_Jan1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Royal Marines in 1972</figcaption></figure> <p>Royal Marines were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>. <a href="/wiki/41_Commando" title="41 Commando">41 (Independent) Commando</a> was reformed in 1950, and was originally envisaged as a raiding force for use against <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>. It performed this role in partnership with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> until after the landing of <a href="/wiki/X_Corps_(United_States)" title="X Corps (United States)">United States Army X Corps</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wonsan" title="Wonsan">Wonsan</a>. It then joined the US's <a href="/wiki/1st_Marine_Division_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Marine Division (United States)">1st Marine Division</a> at Koto-Ri. As <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chosin_Reservoir#Task_Force_Drysdale" title="Battle of Chosin Reservoir">Task Force Drysdale</a> with Lt. Col. D.B. Drysdale RM in command, 41 Commando, a USMC company, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a> company and part of the divisional train fought their way from Koto-Ri to Hagaru after the Chinese had blocked the road to the North. It then took part in the famous withdrawal from <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chosin_Reservoir" title="Battle of Chosin Reservoir">Chosin Reservoir</a>. After that, a small amount of raiding followed, before the Marines were withdrawn from the conflict in 1951. It received the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Unit_Citation_(United_States)" title="Presidential Unit Citation (United States)">Presidential Citation</a> after the USMC got the regulations modified to allow foreign units to receive the award.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After playing a part in the long-running <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a>, the next action came in 1956, during the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>. Headquarters <a href="/wiki/3_Commando_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Commando Brigade">3 Commando Brigade</a>, and Nos 40, 42 and 45 Commandos took part in the operation. It marked the first time that a helicopter assault was used operationally to land troops in an amphibious attack. British and French forces defeated the Egyptians, but after pressure from the United States, and French domestic pressure, they backed down.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1955 45 Commando was deployed to <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> to undertake anti-terrorist operations against the <a href="/wiki/EOKA" title="EOKA">EOKA</a> guerrillas during the independence war against the British. The EOKA were a small, but powerful organisation of Greek Cypriots, who had great local support from the Greek community. The unit, based in Malta at the time travelled to the Kyrenia mountain area of the island and in December 1955 launched Operation Foxhunter, an operation to destroy EOKA's main base.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further action in the Far East was seen during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a>. Nos 40 and 42 Commando went to <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a> at various times to help keep <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> forces from worsening situations in the neighbouring region, in what was an already heated part of the world, with conflicts in <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>. During the campaign there was a company-strength amphibious assault by Lima Company of 42 Commando at the town of <a href="/wiki/Limbang" title="Limbang">Limbang</a> to rescue hostages. The <a href="/wiki/Limbang_raid" class="mw-redirect" title="Limbang raid">Limbang raid</a> saw three of the 150 marines involved decorated, L company 42 commando are still referred to today as Limbang Company in memory of this archetypal commando raid.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1964, part of the <a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzanian Army">Tanzanian Army</a> mutinied. Within 24 hours elements of 41 Commando had left Bickleigh Camp, Plymouth, Devon, and were travelling by air to Nairobi, Kenya, continuing by road into Tanzania. At the same time, Commandos aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bulwark_(R08)" title="HMS Bulwark (R08)">HMS <i>Bulwark</i></a> sailed to East Africa and anchored off-shore from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The revolt was put down and the next six months were spent in touring Tanzanian military out-posts disarming military personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1969 onwards, Royal Marine units regularly deployed to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a>, during the course of which 13 were killed in action.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further eleven died in the <a href="/wiki/Deal_barracks_bombing" title="Deal barracks bombing">Deal barracks bombing</a> of the Royal Marines School of Music in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Between 1974 and 1984, the Royal Marines undertook three United Nations tours of duty in Cyprus. The first was in November 1974, when 41 Commando took over the Limassol District from the 2nd Battalion of the Guards Brigade, following the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus" title="Turkish invasion of Cyprus">Turkish invasion</a>, and became the first commando to wear the light blue berets of the UN when they began the Corps' first six-month tour with the UN forces in Cyprus (UNIFCYP).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> provided the backdrop to the next action of the Royal Marines. <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> invaded the islands in April 1982. A British task force was immediately despatched to recapture them, and given that an amphibious assault would be necessary, the Royal Marines were heavily involved. 3 Commando Brigade was brought to full combat strength, with not only 40, 42 and 45 Commandos, but also the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the <a href="/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)" title="Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)">Parachute Regiment</a> attached. The troops were landed at <a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Water" title="San Carlos Water">San Carlos Water</a> at the western end of <a href="/wiki/East_Falkland" title="East Falkland">East Falkland</a>, and proceeded to "<a href="/wiki/Yomp" title="Yomp">yomp</a>" across the entire island to the capital, <a href="/wiki/Stanley,_Falkland_Islands" title="Stanley, Falkland Islands">Stanley</a>, which fell on 14 June 1982 to 2nd Battalion The Parachute Regiment. A Royal Marines divisional headquarters was deployed, under Major-General <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Moore" title="Jeremy Moore">Jeremy Moore</a>, who was commander of British land forces during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg/220px-Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg/330px-Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg/440px-Boarding_Procedures_demonstrated_by_the_British_Royal_Marines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">Boarding</a> procedures demonstrated by Royal Marines on the frigate HMS <i>Somerset</i> in the Persian Gulf, in 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>The main element of 3 Commando Brigade was not deployed in the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. However, 24 men from K Company, 42 Commando Royal Marines were deployed as six-man teams aboard two Royal Navy destroyers and frigates. They were used as <a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">ship boarding parties</a> and took part in numerous boardings of suspect shipping. There were also further elements deployed to provide protection of shipping whilst in ports throughout the Gulf. The main element of 3 Commando Brigade was deployed to northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> in the aftermath to provide aid to the Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Provide_Comfort" title="Operation Provide Comfort">Operation Safe Haven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992 recruiting into the RM Band Service was opened to females.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 2000 onwards, the Royal Marines began converting from their traditional <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> role with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Commando_21" title="Commando 21">Commando 21</a> concept, an emphasis on force protection leading to the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Bandvagn_206#Bv_S10" title="Bandvagn 206">Viking</a>, the first armoured vehicle to be operated by the Royal Marines for half a century.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><small>Note: "(V)" denoted <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> reserve units.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_status_and_deployment">Current status and deployment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Current status and deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg/220px-Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg/330px-Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg/440px-Royal_Marines_in_Sangin_MOD_45151554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Royal Marines in Sangin, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The Royal Marines are part of <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a>, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary" title="Royal Fleet Auxiliary">Royal Fleet Auxiliary</a>, and they are under the full command of the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Commander" title="Fleet Commander">Fleet Commander</a>. Despite that, the rank structure of the Royal Marines is the same as that of the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>. Uniquely, in the Royal Marines, officers and all other ranks undergo initial, commando and specialist training together at the Commando Training Centre, Royal Marines (CTCRM).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On average, 26,000 men apply to join the Royal Marines Commandos every year, but only 400 make it.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel,_2000-2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel%2C_2000-2022.svg/220px-Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel%2C_2000-2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel%2C_2000-2022.svg/330px-Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel%2C_2000-2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel%2C_2000-2022.svg/440px-Number_of_Royal_Marines_personnel%2C_2000-2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="432" /></a><figcaption>Number of Royal Marines personnel, 2000–2022 inclusive.</figcaption></figure> <p>At its height in 1944 during the Second World War, more than 70,000 men served in the Royal Marines. Following the Allied victory the Royal Marines were quickly reduced to a post-war strength of 13,000. When <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Conscription in the United Kingdom">National Service</a> was ended in 1960, the Marines were again reduced, but this time to an all <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">Commando-trained</a> force of 9,000 personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1 January 2021, the Royal Marines had a strength of 5,968 Regulars, and a combined strength of 6,500 when including reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Marines are also the only British naval unit capable of conducting amphibious operations at <a href="/wiki/Brigade" title="Brigade">brigade</a> level.<sup id="cite_ref-sdsr_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdsr-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="List of equipment of the Royal Marines">List of equipment of the Royal Marines</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Light_weapons">Light weapons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Light weapons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic personal weapon of the Royal Marines Commandos is the 5.56mm <a href="/wiki/C8_carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="C8 carbine">C8 carbine</a> rifle, sometimes fitted with the <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_AG-C/GLM#Users" class="mw-redirect" title="Heckler & Koch AG-C/GLM">L123A3</a> underslung grenade launcher.<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf2_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Support fire is provided by the <a href="/wiki/L7_(machine_gun)" class="mw-redirect" title="L7 (machine gun)">L7A2 General Purpose Machine Gun</a> (GPMG)<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf3_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf3-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning" title="M2 Browning">L111A1</a> heavy machine gun<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf4_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf4-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which is often mounted on an armoured vehicle); indirect fire is by the <a href="/wiki/L16_81mm_Mortar" class="mw-redirect" title="L16 81mm Mortar">L16A2 81mm mortar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf4_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf4-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sniper rifles used include the <a href="/wiki/L115A3" class="mw-redirect" title="L115A3">L115A3</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf3_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf3-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> produced by <a href="/wiki/Accuracy_International" title="Accuracy International">Accuracy International</a>. More recently the <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Machine_and_Tool_Company#Products" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis Machine and Tool Company">L129A1</a> has come into service as the <a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman_rifle" title="Designated marksman rifle">designated marksman rifle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf2_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf2-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other weapons include the <a href="/wiki/FGM-148_Javelin" title="FGM-148 Javelin">Javelin anti tank guided missile</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf5_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf5-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/NLAW" title="NLAW">NLAW</a> disposable anti tank missile, <a href="/wiki/MATADOR" title="MATADOR">MATADOR</a> anti-structure recoilless rifle, the <a href="/wiki/Glock_17#Users" class="mw-redirect" title="Glock 17">L131A1 pistol</a><sup id="cite_ref-rafpdf1_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rafpdf1-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Fairbairn%E2%80%93Sykes_fighting_knife" title="Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife">Fairbairn–Sykes fighting knife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Royal Marines are in the process of replacing all of their L85 rifles with the <a href="/wiki/Colt_Canada_C7_and_C8#United_Kingdom" title="Colt Canada C7 and C8">L119</a> and the <a href="/wiki/KS-1_rifle" title="KS-1 rifle">KS-1 (L403)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armour">Armour</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Armour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Marines maintain no heavy armoured units, instead, they operate a fleet of lightly armoured and highly mobile vehicles intended for amphibious landings or rapid deployment. The primary <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicle</a> operated by the <a href="/wiki/Viking_Squadron" title="Viking Squadron">Viking Squadron</a> is the <a href="/wiki/BvS_10" class="mw-redirect" title="BvS 10">BvS 10 Viking</a> All Terrain Armoured Vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other, lighter vehicles include the <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Wolf" title="Land Rover Wolf">Land Rover Wolf</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jackal_(vehicle)" title="Jackal (vehicle)">Jackal 2 (MWMIK)</a> protected patrol vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artillery">Artillery</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Artillery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Field artillery support is provided by <a href="/wiki/29th_Commando_Regiment_Royal_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery">29th Commando Regiment Royal Artillery</a> of the British Army using the <a href="/wiki/L118_Light_Gun" class="mw-redirect" title="L118 Light Gun">L118 Light Gun</a>, a 105 mm towed <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzer</a>. The regiment is <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">Commando-trained</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aviation">Aviation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Commando_Helicopter_Force" title="Commando Helicopter Force">Commando Helicopter Force</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> provides transport helicopters in support of the Royal Marines. It currently uses both <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW101" title="AgustaWestland AW101">Merlin HC4/4A</a> medium-lift transport and <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW159_Wildcat" title="AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat">Wildcat AH1</a> light transport/reconnaissance <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> to provide direct aviation support for the Corps. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> provides <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Chinook_(UK_variants)" title="Boeing Chinook (UK variants)">Chinook</a> heavy-lift and <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_SA_330_Puma" title="Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma">Puma HC2</a> medium-lift transport helicopters, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> provides <a href="/wiki/Boeing_AH-64_Apache" title="Boeing AH-64 Apache">Apache AH-64E</a> attack helicopter gunship support.<sup id="cite_ref-chf_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chf-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vessels">Vessels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vessels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Marines operate a varied fleet of <a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Royal_Marines_military_watercraft" title="List of active Royal Marines military watercraft">military watercraft</a> designed to transport troops and <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">materiel</a> from ship to shore or conduct river or estuary patrols. These include the <a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Utility" title="Landing Craft Utility">Mk10 Landing Craft Utility</a> and the <a href="/wiki/LCVP_(United_Kingdom)#LCVP_Mk5" title="LCVP (United Kingdom)">Mk5b Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/BAE_Fast_Interceptor_Craft" title="BAE Fast Interceptor Craft">BAE Fast Interceptor Craft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shallow_Water_Combat_Submersible" title="Shallow Water Combat Submersible">MK 11 Shallow Water Combat Submersible</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a>. Other smaller amphibious craft such as the <a href="/wiki/Offshore_Raiding_Craft" title="Offshore Raiding Craft">Offshore Raiding Craft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rigid_Raider" title="Rigid Raider">Rigid Raider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inflatable_Raiding_Craft" title="Inflatable Raiding Craft">Inflatable Raiding Craft</a> are in service in much greater numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Marines equipped for Arctic warfare during an exercise in Norway"><img alt="Royal Marines equipped for Arctic warfare during an exercise in Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg/210px-Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg/315px-Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg/420px-Royal_Marines_During_Winter_Training_in_Norway_MOD_45152252.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Marines equipped for Arctic warfare during an exercise in Norway</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="BvS 10 Vikings of the Viking Squadron on exercise"><img alt="BvS 10 Vikings of the Viking Squadron on exercise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg/199px-Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg/298px-Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg/398px-Viking_Training_MOD_45151364.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3380" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BvS_10" class="mw-redirect" title="BvS 10">BvS 10 Vikings</a> of the Viking Squadron on exercise</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Marines Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk10"><img alt="Royal Marines Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk10" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg/210px-Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg/315px-Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg/420px-Royal_Marine_Landing_Craft_MOD_45158374.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Marines Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk10</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Royal Marines Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) Mk5"><img alt="A Royal Marines Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP) Mk5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg/210px-A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg/315px-A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg/420px-A_Royal_Marine_LCVP_Landing_Craft_MOD_45150169.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4174" data-file-height="2659" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Royal Marines <a href="/wiki/LCVP_(United_Kingdom)#LCVP_Mk5" title="LCVP (United Kingdom)">Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP)</a> Mk5</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px; height: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marine_LCAC(LR)_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Royal Marines Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)"><img alt="Royal Marines Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Royal_Marine_LCAC%28LR%29_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg/210px-Royal_Marine_LCAC%28LR%29_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Royal_Marine_LCAC%28LR%29_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg/315px-Royal_Marine_LCAC%28LR%29_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Royal_Marine_LCAC%28LR%29_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg/420px-Royal_Marine_LCAC%28LR%29_Hovercraft_MOD_45154442.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2709" data-file-height="1806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Royal Marines Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="Structure of the Royal Marines">Structure of the Royal Marines</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_structure">Command structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Command structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The overall head of the Royal Marines is <a href="/wiki/King_Charles_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King Charles III">King Charles III</a>, in his role as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">British Armed Forces</a>. The ceremonial head of the Royal Marines is the <a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Royal_Marines" title="Captain General Royal Marines">Captain General Royal Marines</a>. In October 2022 King Charles was announced as the new Captain General on the occasion of the 358th anniversary of the foundation of the corps.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Full Command of the Royal Marines is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Commander" title="Fleet Commander">Fleet Commander</a> (FLTCDR).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The operational capability of the corps comprises a number of <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a>-plus sized units, of which six are designated as "commandos":<sup id="cite_ref-3cdo_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3cdo-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Commando Units</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/40_Commando" title="40 Commando">40 Commando, Royal Marines</a> (known as <i>Forty</i> Commando) based at <a href="/wiki/RM_Norton_Manor" title="RM Norton Manor">RM Norton Manor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taunton" title="Taunton">Taunton</a>, Somerset, England</li> <li><a href="/wiki/45_Commando" title="45 Commando">45 Commando, Royal Marines</a> (known as <i>Four Five</i> Commando) based at <a href="/wiki/RM_Condor" title="RM Condor">RM Condor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbroath" title="Arbroath">Arbroath</a>, Angus, Scotland</li></ul></li> <li><b>Maritime Security</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/42_Commando" title="42 Commando">42 Commando, Royal Marines</a> (known as <i>Four Two</i> Commando) based at <a href="/wiki/RM_Bickleigh" title="RM Bickleigh">RM Bickleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, Devon, England</li></ul></li> <li><b>Nuclear Deterrent Protection</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43_Commando_Fleet_Protection_Group_Royal_Marines" title="43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines">43 Commando Fleet Protection Group, Royal Marines</a> based at <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Clyde" title="HMNB Clyde">HM Naval Base Clyde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faslane" class="mw-redirect" title="Faslane">Faslane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Bute" title="Argyll and Bute">Argyll and Bute</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Intelligence, Surveillance and Target Acquisition</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/30_Commando_Information_Exploitation_Group" title="30 Commando Information Exploitation Group">30 Commando (Information Exploitation) Group, Royal Marines</a> based at <a href="/wiki/Stonehouse_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonehouse Barracks">Stonehouse Barracks</a>, Plymouth <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Squadron" title="Surveillance and Reconnaissance Squadron">Surveillance Reconnaissance Squadron</a> (SRS) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_Patrol_Troop" title="Brigade Patrol Troop">Brigade Patrol Troop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Raiding</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/47_Commando_(Raiding_Group)_Royal_Marines" title="47 Commando (Raiding Group) Royal Marines">47 Commando (Raiding Group), Royal Marines</a> based at <a href="/wiki/RM_Tamar" title="RM Tamar">RM Tamar</a>, Devonport (previously 1 Assault Group RM)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Logistic Support</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Logistic_Regiment" title="Commando Logistic Regiment">Commando Logistic Regiment</a> based at <a href="/wiki/RM_Chivenor" title="RM Chivenor">RM Chivenor</a>, Devon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Squadron" title="Viking Squadron">Viking Squadron</a> is an element of the Royal Marines that operates the Viking <a href="/wiki/BvS_10" class="mw-redirect" title="BvS 10">BvS 10</a> All Terrain Vehicle. It is based at Stanley Barracks, <a href="/wiki/Bovington_Camp" title="Bovington Camp">Bovington Garrison</a> in Dorset.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>With the exception of 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group and the Commando Logistic Regiment, which are each commanded by a full <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">colonel</a>, each of these units is commanded by a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel (United Kingdom)">lieutenant-colonel</a> of the Royal Marines, who may have sub-specialised in a number of ways throughout their career.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Royal Marines Band Service</b> <ul><li>Band of HM Royal Marines, <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Portsmouth" title="HMNB Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> (HMS <i>Nelson</i>)</li> <li>Band of HM Royal Marines, <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Devonport" title="HMNB Devonport">Plymouth</a> (<a href="/wiki/HMS_Raleigh_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Raleigh (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Raleigh</i></a>)</li> <li>Band of HM Royal Marines, Scotland (<a href="/wiki/MoD_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="MoD Caledonia">MoD Caledonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosyth" title="Rosyth">Rosyth</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Band of HM Royal Marines, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Collingwood_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Collingwood (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Collingwood</i></a> (replacing the Band of <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Royal_Naval_College" title="Britannia Royal Naval College">Britannia Royal Naval College</a>)</li> <li>Band of HM Royal Marines, <a href="/wiki/Commando_Training_Centre_Royal_Marines" title="Commando Training Centre Royal Marines">Commando Training Centre Royal Marines</a></li> <li>The Band of the Royal Marines School of Music in Portsmouth (The Training Band)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_Commando_Force">UK Commando Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: UK Commando Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Commando_Force" title="United Kingdom Commando Force">United Kingdom Commando Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Commandos_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/British_Commandos_Patch.svg/110px-British_Commandos_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/British_Commandos_Patch.svg/165px-British_Commandos_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/British_Commandos_Patch.svg/220px-British_Commandos_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Insignia of 3 Commando Brigade</figcaption></figure> <p>Operational command of the five commandos and the Commando Logistics Regiment is delegated to UK Commando Force, of which they are a part. Based at <a href="/wiki/Stonehouse_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Stonehouse Barracks">Stonehouse Barracks</a>, the brigade exercises control as directed by either CINCFLEET or the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Joint_Headquarters" title="Permanent Joint Headquarters">Permanent Joint Headquarters</a>. 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group is a battalion-sized formation providing information operations capabilities, life support and security for the Brigade Headquarters.<sup id="cite_ref-3cdo_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3cdo-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/43_Commando_Fleet_Protection_Group_Royal_Marines" title="43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines">43 Commando Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines</a>, responsible for the security of the United Kingdom's nuclear deterrent and other security-related duties was originally outside the brigade, but was incorporated into it from April 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-navynews.co.uk_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navynews.co.uk-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also provides specialist boarding parties and snipers for the Royal Navy worldwide, for roles such as embargo enforcement, counter-narcotics, counter-piracy and counter-insurgency activities of the Royal Navy. It is the largest unit in the brigade, at 790 strong.<sup id="cite_ref-navynews.co.uk_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navynews.co.uk-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_elements">Other elements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other elements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The other elements of the Royal Marines outside of the UK Commando Force are: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_030618-N-9251B-043_A_U.K._Royal_Marines_team,_embarked_on_Chilean_ship_ACh_Ministro_Zenteno_(PFG_08)_board_the_destroyer_USS_O%27Bannon_(DD_987)_during_a_Maritime_Interdiction_Operation_(MIO)_training_evolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/US_Navy_030618-N-9251B-043_A_U.K._Royal_Marines_team%2C_embarked_on_Chilean_ship_ACh_Ministro_Zenteno_%28PFG_08%29_board_the_destroyer_USS_O%27Bannon_%28DD_987%29_during_a_Maritime_Interdiction_Operation_%28MIO%29_training_evolution.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/US_Navy_030618-N-9251B-043_A_U.K._Royal_Marines_team%2C_embarked_on_Chilean_ship_ACh_Ministro_Zenteno_%28PFG_08%29_board_the_destroyer_USS_O%27Bannon_%28DD_987%29_during_a_Maritime_Interdiction_Operation_%28MIO%29_training_evolution.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/US_Navy_030618-N-9251B-043_A_U.K._Royal_Marines_team%2C_embarked_on_Chilean_ship_ACh_Ministro_Zenteno_%28PFG_08%29_board_the_destroyer_USS_O%27Bannon_%28DD_987%29_during_a_Maritime_Interdiction_Operation_%28MIO%29_training_evolution.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>A Royal Marines team boards US Navy destroyer <a href="/wiki/USS_O%27Bannon_(DD-987)" title="USS O'Bannon (DD-987)">USS <i>O'Bannon</i></a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Training_Centre_Royal_Marines" title="Commando Training Centre Royal Marines">Commando Training Centre</a>: This is the training unit for the entire corps, and consists of three separate sections: <ul><li>Commando Training Wing: This is the initial basic <a href="/wiki/Commando_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commando (military)">commando</a> training section for new recruits to the Royal Marines, and the UK Forces <a href="/wiki/All_Arms_Commando_Course" title="All Arms Commando Course">All Arms Commando Course</a>.</li> <li>Specialist Wing: This provides specialist training in the various trades which Marines may elect to join once qualified and experienced in a Rifle Company.</li> <li>Command Wing: This provides command training for both <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">NCOs</a> of the Royal Marines.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Band_Service" title="Royal Marines Band Service">Royal Marines Band Service</a> provides regular bands for the Royal Navy and provides expertise to train RN Volunteer Bands. Musicians have an important secondary roles as medics, <a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">field hospital</a> orderlies, CBRN specialists and any other roles that may be required of them. Personnel may not be commando trained, usually wearing the dark blue beret instead of green; until 2017, the band service was the only branch of the Royal Marines to admit women.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_of_a_commando">Structure of a commando</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Structure of a commando"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commando_21" title="Commando 21">Commando 21</a></div> <p>40 and 45 Commando are each organised into six <a href="/wiki/Company_(military_unit)" title="Company (military unit)">companies</a>, further organised into <a href="/wiki/Platoon" title="Platoon">platoon</a>-sized <a href="/wiki/Troop" title="Troop">troops</a>, as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Command company <ul><li>Main HQ</li> <li>Tactical HQ</li> <li>Reconnaissance Troop with a sniper section</li> <li>Mortar Troop</li> <li>Anti-Tank (AT) Troop</li> <li>Medium Machine Gun Troop</li></ul></li> <li>2× Close Combat Companies <ul><li>Company Headquarters</li> <li>3× Close Combat Troops</li></ul></li> <li>2× Stand Off Companies <ul><li>Company Headquarters</li> <li>Heavy Machine Gun (HMG) Troop</li> <li>AT Troop</li> <li>Close Combat Troop.</li></ul></li> <li>Logistic Company <ul><li>A Echelon 1</li> <li>A Echelon 2</li> <li>FRT (Forward Repair Team)</li> <li>RAP (Regimental Aid Post)</li> <li>B Echelon</li></ul></li></ul> <p>In general a rifle company Marine will be a member of a four-man <a href="/wiki/Fireteam" title="Fireteam">fire team</a>, the building block of commando operations. A Royal Marine works with their team in the field and shares accommodation if living in barracks. This structure is a recent development, formerly Commandos were structured similarly to British Army light infantry battalions.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commando_Helicopter_Force">Commando Helicopter Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Commando Helicopter Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commando_Helicopter_Force" title="Commando Helicopter Force">Commando Helicopter Force</a></div> <p>The Commando Helicopter Force (CHF) forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a>. It comprises three helicopter squadrons and is commanded by the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Aviation_Command" title="Joint Aviation Command">Joint Aviation Command</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of both <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> (RN) and Royal Marines personnel. RN personnel need not be commando trained. The CHF is neither under the permanent control of UK Commando Force nor that of the Commandant General Royal Marines, but rather is allocated to support Royal Marines units as required. It uses both <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW101" title="AgustaWestland AW101">Merlin HC4/4A</a> medium-lift and <a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW159_Wildcat" title="AgustaWestland AW159 Wildcat">Wildcat AH1</a> light transport/reconnaissance <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopters</a> to provide aviation support for the Royal Marines.<sup id="cite_ref-chf_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chf-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_Commando_Force_(FCF)_Programme"><span id="Future_Commando_Force_.28FCF.29_Programme"></span>Future Commando Force (FCF) Programme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Future Commando Force (FCF) Programme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Future_Commando_Force" title="Future Commando Force">Future Commando Force</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg/220px-40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg/330px-40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg/440px-40_Cdo_Royal_Marines_Exercise_Olympus_Warrior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3434" data-file-height="2345" /></a><figcaption>40 Commando Royal Marines helping trial the Littoral Strike concept in 2020.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 11 April 2017 the <a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord</a>, Admiral Sir Philip Jones, announced<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the Royal Marines Commandos were to be restructured, and will be capable of deploying on special operations as part of the <a href="/wiki/Future_Commando_Force" title="Future Commando Force">Future Commando Force (FCF)</a> Programme. Indeed, the Ministry of Defence has also said that under the FCF programme, the Royal Marines Commandos will take on many of the traditional tasks of the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">SBS</a>, alongside a new Army Ranger Regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this programme, Navy Command is also creating the staff and intellectual horsepower for a land littoral strike division programme.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of the FCF was depicted by young engineering graduates from the UK Naval Engineering Science and Technology forum (UKNEST).<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There will be two <a href="/wiki/Littoral_Response_Group" title="Littoral Response Group">Littoral Response Groups</a>: One based East of Suez, one based in the High North.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 27 June 2020, the Royal Marines announced they will adopt a new uniform with the <a href="/wiki/MultiCam" title="MultiCam">MultiCam</a> camouflage instead of the MTP camo.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selection">Selection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Process">Process</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_selection_and_training" title="Royal Marines selection and training">Royal Marines selection and training</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg/220px-Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg/330px-Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg/440px-Royal_marine_who_holds_gun.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1395" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A Royal Marine stands beside a tree to sight in his weapon during a training exercise</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg/220px-Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg/330px-Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg/440px-Royal_Marines_snipers_displaying_their_L115A1_rifles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="839" /></a><figcaption>Royal Marines snipers displaying their L115A1 rifles</figcaption></figure> <p>Royal Marine Commandos are required to undergo the longest and one of the most physically demanding specialist infantry training courses in the world. Recruit training lasts for 36 weeks for Royal Marine Commandos and 64 weeks for Royal Marine Commando Officers. Potential recruits must be aged 16 to 32 (18 to 25 for Commissioned Officers).<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Applicants must undertake a series of interviews, medical tests, an eye/sight test, psychometric tests, a PJFA (pre-joining fitness Assessment), a 5-day CPC (candidate preparation course), and a 4-week ROP (recruit orientation phase).<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If an applicant successfully completes all of these phases, then they will get selected for a place in mainstream recruit training, which will take place at <a href="/wiki/Commando_Training_Centre_Royal_Marines" title="Commando Training Centre Royal Marines">CTCRM</a> (commando training centre Royal Marines) in <a href="/wiki/Lympstone" title="Lympstone">Lympstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>. A large proportion of training is carried out on <a href="/wiki/Dartmoor" title="Dartmoor">Dartmoor</a>'s inhospitable terrain and <a href="/wiki/Woodbury_Common,_Devon" title="Woodbury Common, Devon">Woodbury Common</a> woodland.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout recruit training, Royal Marines Commando recruits learn and develop a vast amount of knowledge and warfighting skills such as weapons handling, marksmanship, proficiency with a variety of different firearms and weapon systems, unarmed and armed <a href="/wiki/Close_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close combat">close quarters combat</a> (CQC), develop elite levels of physical fitness and mental resilience, demolition, reconnaissance, small team tactics, small boat operations, breaching, raiding, direct action, SERE training, <a href="/wiki/Fieldcraft" title="Fieldcraft">fieldcraft</a> skills such as camouflage and stalking, survival skills, bushcraft, mountaineering, fast-roping (helicopter), abseiling, vertical assault, underwater escape, chemical biological radiological nuclear (CBRN) training, military communications and signals, map reading and navigation, leadership and teamwork skills, first aid, patrolling and sentry duty, amphibious landings training, personal administration, and marching and parade ground skills.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The best recruit to finish training is awarded the Kings Badge. King George V directed that his Royal Cypher, surrounded by a laurel wreath, would be known as the King's Badge, and would be awarded to the best all round recruit in the King's Squad, provided that he was worthy of the honour. The badge was to be carried on the left shoulder, and worn in every rank. The King's Badge is not awarded to every squad, and is only presented if a recruit measures up to the very exacting standards required.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout their career, a Royal Marine Commando can specialise in a number of different roles upon completion of their respective courses after spending one to two years as a general duties (GD) rifleman at a unit. Examples of some specialisations and different courses includes the mountain leader (ML), physical training instructor (PTI), Assault Engineer (AE), Royal Marines police (RMP), sniper (S), medical assistant (MA), pilot, reconnaissance operator (RO), drill instructor (DL), driver (D), clerk (C), signaller (SI), combat intelligence (CI), armourer (A), and heavy weapons (HW). Royal Marines can also apply for swimmer canoeist/<a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a> selection (SBS) or any other branch of the <a href="/wiki/UKSF" class="mw-redirect" title="UKSF">UKSF</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All Royal Marines will also conduct training exercises on differing military skills on a regular basis including development in mountain, arctic, jungle, amphibious and desert warfare. They can also be involved in exchange training programs with other countries' forces – particularly the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a><sup id="cite_ref-mod.uk_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mod.uk-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">Netherlands Marine Corps</a>/Korps Mariniers.<sup id="cite_ref-royalnavy.mod.uk_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalnavy.mod.uk-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Museum">Museum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Museum" title="Royal Marines Museum">Royal Marines Museum</a> (established in October 1958) is an institution dedicated to the history of the Royal Marines. In 2011, it became part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="National Museum of the Royal Navy">National Museum of the Royal Navy</a>, which has since been the executive public body of the museum in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defence (UK)">Ministry of Defence</a>. It will soon be moving from <a href="/wiki/Eastney_Barracks" title="Eastney Barracks">Eastney Barracks</a> to <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Historic_Dockyard" title="Portsmouth Historic Dockyard">Portsmouth Dockyard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditions">Traditions<span class="anchor" id="Badge"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Marines have a proud history and unique traditions. With the exceptions of "Gibraltar" and the laurel wreath for the Battle of Belle Island, their colours (flags) do not carry <a href="/wiki/Battle_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle honours">battle honours</a> in the manner of the regiments of the British Army or of the US Marine Corps, but rather the "globe itself" as a symbol of the Corps.<sup id="cite_ref-nato2009_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nato2009-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_badge" title="Heraldic badge">heraldic badge</a> of the Royal Marines commemorates the history of the Corps. The Lion and Crown denotes a Royal regiment. King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a> conferred this honour in 1802 "in consideration of the very meritorious services of the Marines in the late war." The "Great Globe itself" was chosen in 1827 by King <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">George IV</a> in place of battle honours to recognise the Marines' service and successes in multiple engagements in every quarter of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-crest_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crest-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Laurel_wreath" title="Laurel wreath">laurels</a> are believed to honour the gallantry they displayed during the investment and capture of <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Belle_%C3%8Ele" title="Capture of Belle Île">Belle Isle</a>, off <a href="/wiki/Lorient" title="Lorient">Lorient</a>, in April–June 1761. The word <i><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></i> refers to the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Gibraltar" title="Capture of Gibraltar">Capture of Gibraltar</a> by a force of Anglo-Dutch Marines in 1704 and the subsequent defence of the strategic fortress throughout a nine-month <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Siege_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar">siege</a> against a numerically superior Franco-Spanish force.<sup id="cite_ref-crest_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crest-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their determination and valour throughout the siege led to a contemporary report published in <i>The Triumphs of Her Majesty's Arms</i> in 1707 to announce: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Encouraged by the Prince of Hesse, the garrison did more than could humanly be expected, and the English Marines gained an immortal glory</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>referred to by Paul Harris Nicolas, Historical Record of the Royal Marine Forces<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>There are no other battle honours displayed on the <a href="/wiki/Colours,_standards_and_guidons" class="mw-redirect" title="Colours, standards and guidons">colours</a> of the four battalion-sized units of the current Corps. The Latin motto "Per Mare Per Terram" translates into English as "By Sea By Land". Believed to have been first used in 1775, this motto describes the Royal Marines ability in fighting both afloat on-board ships of the Royal Navy as well as ashore in their many land engagements. The fouled anchor, incorporated into the emblem in 1747, is the badge of the <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_(United_Kingdom)" title="Admiralty (United Kingdom)">Lord High Admiral</a>, and shows that the Corps is part of the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Service_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Service (United Kingdom)">Naval Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nato2009_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nato2009-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The regimental quick march of the Corps is "<a href="/wiki/A_Life_on_the_Ocean_Wave" title="A Life on the Ocean Wave">A Life on the Ocean Wave</a>", while the slow march is the <a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Preobrazhensky_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="March of the Preobrazhensky Regiment">march of the Preobrazhensky Regiment</a>, awarded to the Corps by Admiral of the Fleet <a href="/wiki/Earl_Mountbatten" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl Mountbatten">Earl Mountbatten</a> of Burma on the occasion of the Corps's tercentenary in 1964. Lord Mountbatten was Life Colonel Commandant of the Royal Marines until his murder by the IRA in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Royal Marines are allowed by the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a> to march through the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City</a> as a regiment in full array. This dates to the charter of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> that allowed recruiting parties of the Admiral's Regiment of 1664 to enter the city with drums beating and colours flying.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lord_Mayor%27s_Show,_London_2006_(295199765).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295199765%29.jpg/220px-Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295199765%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295199765%29.jpg/330px-Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295199765%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295199765%29.jpg/440px-Lord_Mayor%27s_Show%2C_London_2006_%28295199765%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The dark blue Number 1A uniform worn with pith helmets</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Uniforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern Royal Marines uniforms are broadly similar to British Army uniforms but include a number of distinctive uniform items. These include the green "Lovat" shade of service dress uniform; the <a href="/wiki/Green_beret" title="Green beret">green beret</a> (for those who have passed the commando course) or navy blue beret with a scarlet patch behind the badge (for those who have not); dark blue parade dress worn with either the white Wolseley Pattern Helmet (commonly referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Pith_helmet" title="Pith helmet">pith helmet</a>") or white and red peaked cap; the scarlet and blue <a href="/wiki/Mess_dress_uniform" title="Mess dress uniform">mess dress</a> for officers and senior non-commissioned officers; and the white hot-weather uniform of the Band Service.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For historical information regarding Marine uniforms, see <i><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="Uniforms of the Royal Marines">Uniforms of the Royal Marines</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks_and_insignia">Ranks and insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ranks and insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_officer_rank_insignia#Royal_Marines" title="Royal Navy officer rank insignia">Royal Navy officer rank insignia § Royal Marines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_other_rank_insignia#Royal_Marines" title="Royal Navy other rank insignia">Royal Navy other rank insignia § Royal Marines</a></div> <p>The Royal Marines rank alongside their army equivalents. However, when on the books of any HM Ship or Naval Establishment, Royal Marines were subject to the Naval Discipline Act 1957. In those circumstances, many officer ranks in the Royal Marines formerly enjoyed greater status. Second lieutenants were equivalent to sub lieutenants and ranks from lieutenant to major were considered equivalent to one rank higher (OF-2 to OF-4). Lieutenant colonels were considered equivalent to RN captains with less than six years in the rank, and colonels were equivalent to captains with more than six years seniority. This state of affairs ended on 1 July 1999, when Royal Marine officer ranks were fully aligned with those of the army.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; text-align:center; padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="13" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="Royal Navy officer rank insignia">Royal Marines officer rank insignia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> <th width="12%"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO_navies%27_officers" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO navies' officers">NATO Code</a> </th> <td width="7%">OF-9 </td> <td width="7%">OF-8 </td> <td width="7%">OF-7 </td> <td width="7%">OF-6 </td> <td width="8%">OF-5 </td> <td width="8%">OF-4 </td> <td width="8%">OF-3 </td> <td width="8%">OF-2 </td> <td width="14%" colspan="2">OF-1 </td> <td width="7%"><a href="/wiki/Officer_candidate" title="Officer candidate">OF(D)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a> <i>Rank Insignia</i> </th> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td width="7%"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-1b.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td width="7%"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-1a.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-(D).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/British_Royal_Marines_OF-%28D%29.svg/50px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-%28D%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/British_Royal_Marines_OF-%28D%29.svg/75px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-%28D%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/British_Royal_Marines_OF-%28D%29.svg/100px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-%28D%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rank title: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/General_(United_Kingdom)" title="General (United Kingdom)">General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant-general (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major-general_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major-general (United Kingdom)">Major General</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_(United_Kingdom)" title="Brigadier (United Kingdom)">Brigadier</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom)">Lieutenant Colonel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Lieutenant (British Army and Royal Marines)">Lieutenant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_Kingdom_and_other_Commonwealth_countries" title="Second lieutenant">Second Lieutenant</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Officer_Cadet" class="mw-redirect" title="Officer Cadet">Officer Cadet</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background:#f7f8ff; text-align:center; padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="9" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_other_rank_insignia" title="Royal Navy other rank insignia">Royal Marines other rank insignia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"> <th width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_NATO_navies_enlisted" title="Ranks and insignia of NATO navies enlisted">NATO Code</a> </th> <td colspan="2">OR-9 </td> <td>OR-8 </td> <td>OR-7 </td> <td>OR-6 </td> <td>OR-5 </td> <td>OR-4 </td> <td>OR-3 </td> <td>OR-2 </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Marines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a> <i>Rank Insignia</i> (<a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Marines_Other_Ranks" title="Template:Royal Marines Other Ranks">View</a>) </th> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg/70px-British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg/105px-British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg/140px-British_Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="75" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg/60px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg/90px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg/120px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg/60px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg/90px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg/120px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg/60px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg/90px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg/120px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="2"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg/60px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg/90px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg/120px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg/60px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg/90px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg/120px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg/60px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg/90px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg/120px-British_Royal_Marines_OR-3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><i>No insignia</i><hr style="height:4px" /> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rank Title: </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer#Royal_Marines" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer class 1</a> </td> <td width="13%"><a href="/wiki/Warrant_officer#Royal_Marines" title="Warrant officer">Warrant officer class 2</a> </td> <td width="13%"><a href="/wiki/Colour_sergeant" title="Colour sergeant">Colour sergeant</a> </td> <td width="13%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sergeant" title="Sergeant">Sergeant</a> </td> <td width="13%"><a href="/wiki/Corporal" title="Corporal">Corporal</a> </td> <td width="13%"><a href="/wiki/Lance_corporal" title="Lance corporal">Lance corporal</a> </td> <td width="12%"><a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Abbreviation: </th> <td colspan="2">WO1 </td> <td>WO2 </td> <td>CSgt </td> <td colspan="2">Sgt </td> <td>Cpl </td> <td>LCpl </td> <td>Mne </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Captain_General">Captain General</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Captain General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Royal_Marines" title="Captain General Royal Marines">Captain General Royal Marines</a></div> <p>The current uniform and insignia worn by the <a href="/wiki/Captain_General_Royal_Marines" title="Captain General Royal Marines">Captain General Royal Marines</a>, presently <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>, is the uniform and insignia of <a href="/wiki/Field_marshal_(United_Kingdom)" title="Field marshal (United Kingdom)">field marshal</a>, consisting of two crossed batons surrounded by yellow leaves below a Crown.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>Insignia </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Captain General Royal Marines</b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg/47px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg/70px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg/94px-British_Royal_Marines_OF-10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>However as Captain General Royal Marines, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Harry,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex">Prince Harry</a> was instead entitled to wear the rank insignia of a <a href="/wiki/Major_General_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General (United Kingdom)">Major General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this, Prince Harry, at least on some occasions, opted to wear the rank insignia of a <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> traditionally worn by some <a href="/wiki/Colonel-in-chief" title="Colonel-in-chief">Colonels-in-chief</a> in the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associations_with_other_regiments_and_marine_corps">Associations with other regiments and marine corps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Associations with other regiments and marine corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders">Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early connections date from Balaclava in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> and Lucknow during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a>, but the main association stems from World War II. In July 1940, after the fall of Dunkirk, the 5th Battalion, <a href="/wiki/Argyll_and_Sutherland_Highlanders" title="Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders">Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders</a> served with the Royal Marine Brigade for over a year. When the battleships <a href="/wiki/HMS_Prince_of_Wales_(53)" title="HMS Prince of Wales (53)">HMS <i>Prince of Wales</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Repulse_(1916)" title="HMS Repulse (1916)">HMS <i>Repulse</i></a> were <a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Prince_of_Wales_and_Repulse" title="Sinking of Prince of Wales and Repulse">sunk in December 1941</a>, the Royal Marines survivors joined up with the remnants of the 2nd Battalion, in the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">defence of Singapore</a>. They formed what became known as 'The Plymouth Argylls', after the association football team, since both ships were Plymouth manned. Most of the Highlanders and Marines who survived the bitter fighting were taken prisoner by the Japanese. The Royal Marines inter-unit rugby football trophy is the 'Argyll Bowl', presented to the Corps by the Regiment in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Princess_of_Wales's_Royal_Regiment"><span id="Princess_of_Wales.27s_Royal_Regiment"></span>Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fore-bearer regiments of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Wales%27s_Royal_Regiment" title="Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment">Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment</a>, <a href="/wiki/31st_(Huntingdonshire)_Regiment_of_Foot" title="31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot">31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot</a> was initially raised as amphibious troops. They served as Marines for a period. To this day one officer from the Royal Marines serves with the PWRR and Vice Versa. Also the Royal Marine Lanyard is worn by all ranks in Service Dress and Number 2 Dress uniform and barrack dress of PWRR.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Marine_Corps">United States Marine Corps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: United States Marine Corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Marines and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a> have close cultural links arising from the <a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a>, having trained together and fought together on multiple occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Barbados_Defence_Force">Barbados Defence Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Barbados Defence Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Close links have existed between the Royal Marines and the <a href="/wiki/Barbados_Defence_Force" title="Barbados Defence Force">Barbados Defence Force</a> since 1985 when a bond was established following a series of cross-training exercises in the Caribbean. The Alliance was approved by HM the Queen in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-Origins_of_Royal_Marines_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Origins_of_Royal_Marines-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands_Marine_Corps">Netherlands Marine Corps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Netherlands Marine Corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Marines have close links with the Royal <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">Netherlands Marine Corps</a>, with whom they conduct NATO exercises throughout the year. Units of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps work in close co-operation with 3 Commando Brigade of the Royal Marines. Operational units of the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps are fully integrated into this brigade. This integration is known as the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Marine_Corps#UK/NL_Landing_Force" title="Netherlands Marine Corps">United Kingdom-Netherlands Landing Force</a> and is a component of the United Kingdom-Netherlands Amphibious Force as a key strike force during the Cold War to strengthen the Nordic area.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_9th_Marine_Infantry_Brigade_(former_9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade)"><span id="French_9th_Marine_Infantry_Brigade_.28former_9th_Light_Armoured_Marine_Brigade.29"></span>French 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (former 9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: French 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (former 9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/9th_Marine_Infantry_Brigade" title="9th Marine Infantry Brigade">9th Marine Infantry Brigade</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">9<sup>e</sup> Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine</i></span>, 9<sup>e</sup> BIMa) is a <a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">Marine</a> infantry brigade which is one of the two designated amphibious brigades in France. It is unique in being the only 'All Marine' Brigade in the <a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a>; the other amphibious brigade, <a href="/wiki/6th_Light_Armoured_Brigade_(France)" title="6th Light Armoured Brigade (France)">6th Light Armoured Brigade</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">6<sup>e</sup> Brigade Légère Blindée</i></span>, 6<sup>e</sup> BLB), is composed of a mix of cap badges. 9<sup>e</sup> BIMa is also a light armoured brigade, formed of two Marine infantry regiments (<a href="/wiki/2nd_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="2nd Marine Infantry Regiment">2<sup>e</sup> RIMa</a> and <a href="/wiki/3rd_Marine_Infantry_Regiment" title="3rd Marine Infantry Regiment">3<sup>e</sup> RIMa</a> — <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Régiments d'Infanterie de Marine</i></span>) and a tank battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_selection_and_training" title="Royal Marines selection and training">Royal Marines selection and training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Reserve" title="Royal Marines Reserve">Royal Marines Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Museum" title="Royal Marines Museum">Royal Marines Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Cadets" title="Royal Marines Cadets">Royal Marines Cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Volunteer_Cadet_Corps" title="Royal Marines Volunteer Cadet Corps">Royal Marines Volunteer Cadet Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Royal_Marines_military_watercraft" title="List of active Royal Marines military watercraft">List of active Royal Marines military watercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_senior_officers_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="List of serving senior officers of the Royal Marines">List of serving senior officers of the Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="Structure of the Royal Marines">Structure of the Royal Marines</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/974661/CP411_-Defence_Command_Plan.pdf">"Defence in a Competitive Age"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ministry of Defence<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defence+in+a+Competitive+Age&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F974661%2FCP411_-Defence_Command_Plan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230716075942/https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/884597/response/2114800/attach/3/FOI2022%2009321%20Pritchard%20Response.pdf">"Historical size by rank – a Freedom of Information request to Royal Marines"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>WhatDoTheyKnow</i>. 2 September 2022. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Marines+in+the+War+of+1812&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.comcast.net%2F~1812RoyalMarines%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploresouthernhistory.com/fortbowyer.html">"The Battle of Fort Bowyer, Alabama"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Class+Warfare+and+the+Selborne+Scheme%3A+The+Royal+Navy%27s+battle+over+technology+and+social+hierarchy&rft.pub=The+Mariner%27s+Mirror&rft.date=2014-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnr.org.uk%2Fclass-warfare-selborne-scheme-royal-navys-battle-technology-social-hierarchy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter C. (1988). <i>The Royal Marines</i>. Spellmount. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946771-32-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946771-32-5"><bdi>978-0-946771-32-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Marines&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-946771-32-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter C. (1988). <i>The Royal Marines</i>. Spellmount. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946771-32-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946771-32-5"><bdi>978-0-946771-32-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Marines&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-946771-32-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter C. (1988). <i>The Royal Marines</i>. Spellmount. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946771-32-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946771-32-5"><bdi>978-0-946771-32-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Marines&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Spellmount&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-946771-32-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1914-1918.net/rmli_gallipoli.html">"The RMLI move to, and deployment at, Gallipoli"</a>. The Long, Long Trail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427234041/http://www.1914-1918.net/rmli_gallipoli.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+RMLI+move+to%2C+and+deployment+at%2C+Gallipoli&rft.pub=The+Long%2C+Long+Trail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1914-1918.net%2Frmli_gallipoli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamb2006" class="citation web cs1">Lamb, Dave (9 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/history/1918-1930-mutiny-and-resistance-in-the-royal-navy">"Mutiny and resistance in the Royal Navy, 1918–1930"</a>. Lib.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mutiny+and+resistance+in+the+Royal+Navy%2C+1918%E2%80%931930&rft.pub=Lib.com&rft.date=2006-09-09&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Fhistory%2F1918-1930-mutiny-and-resistance-in-the-royal-navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazettes-online.co.uk/archiveViewFrameSetup.asp?webtype=0&IssueNumber=32846&PageDuplicate=x0&pageNumber=4&SearchFor=graciously%20pleased&selMedalType=&selHonourType=">London Gazette</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, 20 July 1923</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazettes-online.co.uk/archiveViewFrameSetup.asp?webType=0&PageDuplicate=x0%20%20%20%20%20%20&issueNumber=32871&pageNumber=0&SearchFor=graciously%20pleased&selMedalType=&selHonourType=">London Gazette</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, 16 October 1923</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mountbatten, p. 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/france/5354580/D-Day-Heroic-battle-in-Port-en-Bessin.html">"D-Day: Heroic battle in Port-en-Bessin"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 20 May 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150613034049/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/france/5354580/D-Day-Heroic-battle-in-Port-en-Bessin.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=D-Day%3A+Heroic+battle+in+Port-en-Bessin&rft.date=2009-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Ffrance%2F5354580%2FD-Day-Heroic-battle-in-Port-en-Bessin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.combinedops.com/Walcheren.htm">"Operation Infatuate"</a>. Combined Operations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150206071019/http://combinedops.com/Walcheren.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Infatuate&rft.pub=Combined+Operations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.combinedops.com%2FWalcheren.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1366169/Cdr-Ronnie-Hay.html">"Obituary:Colonel Ronnie Hay"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 24 December 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102173845/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1366169/Cdr-Ronnie-Hay.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Obituary%3AColonel+Ronnie+Hay&rft.date=2001-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F1366169%2FCdr-Ronnie-Hay.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBingham2008" class="citation news cs1">Bingham, John (5 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2504563/D-Day-tanks-found-on-seabed.html">"D-Day tanks found on seabed"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102173845/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/2504563/D-Day-tanks-found-on-seabed.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=D-Day+tanks+found+on+seabed&rft.date=2008-08-05&rft.aulast=Bingham&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F2504563%2FD-Day-tanks-found-on-seabed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12914628">"Remembering the secret mission of Cockleshell Heroes"</a>. BBC. 31 March 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102173845/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12914628">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+the+secret+mission+of+Cockleshell+Heroes&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-12914628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/royalmarines/units-and-deployments/3-commando-brigade/brigade-information/history/">"History of RM deployments"</a>. 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110705005008/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/royalmarines/units-and-deployments/3-commando-brigade/brigade-information/history/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+RM+deployments&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Froyalmarines%2Funits-and-deployments%2F3-commando-brigade%2Fbrigade-information%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalmarinesmuseum.co.uk/museumresearch/PDFs/Suez%201956.pdf">Royal Marines Museum – Suez deployment</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091230093516/http://www.royalmarinesmuseum.co.uk/museumresearch/PDFs/Suez%201956.pdf">Archived</a> 30 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2009" class="citation news cs1">Simpson, Aislinn (14 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/5153220/The-22-Royal-Marines-who-took-on-Argentine-Falklands-invasion-force.html">"The 22 Royal Marines who took on Argentine Falklands invasion force"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150404044043/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/5153220/The-22-Royal-Marines-who-took-on-Argentine-Falklands-invasion-force.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+22+Royal+Marines+who+took+on+Argentine+Falklands+invasion+force&rft.date=2009-04-14&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Aislinn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fdefence%2F5153220%2FThe-22-Royal-Marines-who-took-on-Argentine-Falklands-invasion-force.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2009" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, Will (2009). <i>Royal Marine Commando 1950–82: From Korea to the Falklands</i>. Osprey Publishing. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-372-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-372-8"><bdi>978-1-84603-372-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Marine+Commando+1950%E2%80%9382%3A+From+Korea+to+the+Falklands&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-372-8&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-marines.html">"Royal Marines"</a>. British Army units 1945 on. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170605092835/http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-marines.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Marines&rft.pub=British+Army+units+1945+on&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbritish-army-units1945on.co.uk%2Froyal-marines.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115302/https://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/britains-sheet-anchor-old-brothers-arms-41-independent-commando-chosin-november-2001#sthash.3sHu5toN.dpuf">"Britain's Sheet Anchor, Old Brothers in Arms: The 41 Independent Commando at Chosin"</a>. November 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mca-marines.org/gazette/britains-sheet-anchor-old-brothers-arms-41-independent-commando-chosin-november-2001#sthash.3sHu5toN.dpuf">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Sheet+Anchor%2C+Old+Brothers+in+Arms%3A+The+41+Independent+Commando+at+Chosin&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca-marines.org%2Fgazette%2Fbritains-sheet-anchor-old-brothers-arms-41-independent-commando-chosin-november-2001%23sthash.3sHu5toN.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/6/newsid_3115000/3115888.stm">"1956: Allied Forces take control of Suez"</a>. 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Boulder, Colo.: <a href="/wiki/Paladin_Press" title="Paladin Press">Paladin Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87364-002-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87364-002-2"><bdi>978-0-87364-002-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Get+Tough&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo.&rft.edition=new&rft.pub=Paladin+Press&rft.date=1996-12&rft.isbn=978-0-87364-002-2&rft.aulast=Fairbairn&rft.aufirst=W.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/90-million-contract-equips-armed-forces-with-advanced-new-rifle">"£90 million contract equips Armed Forces with advanced new rifle"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C2%A390+million+contract+equips+Armed+Forces+with+advanced+new+rifle&rft.pub=Gov.UK&rft.date=2023-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2F90-million-contract-equips-armed-forces-with-advanced-new-rifle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#IISS2010">IISS 2010</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731184102/http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4682401&c=EUR&s=LAN">"British Troops in Afghanistan To Get New Armored Vehicles"</a>. Defence News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4682401&c=EUR&s=LAN">the original</a> on 31 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Troops+in+Afghanistan+To+Get+New+Armored+Vehicles&rft.pub=Defence+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fstory.php%3Fi%3D4682401%26c%3DEUR%26s%3DLAN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-artillery/29th-regiment-ra.html">"29th Regiment RA"</a>. British Army units 1945 on. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140421232710/http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/royal-artillery/29th-regiment-ra.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=29th+Regiment+RA&rft.pub=British+Army+units+1945+on&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbritish-army-units1945on.co.uk%2Froyal-artillery%2F29th-regiment-ra.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chf-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chf_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chf_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/fleet-air-arm/support-and-training/commando-helicopter-force-headquarters">"Commando Helicopter Force (CHF) | Royal Navy"</a>. <i>royalnavy.mod.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831121620/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/fleet-air-arm/support-and-training/commando-helicopter-force-headquarters">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=royalnavy.mod.uk&rft.atitle=Commando+Helicopter+Force+%28CHF%29+%7C+Royal+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Four-organisation%2Fthe-fighting-arms%2Ffleet-air-arm%2Fsupport-and-training%2Fcommando-helicopter-force-headquarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/the-equipment/commando/landing-craft">"Royal Marines – Landing Craft"</a>. Royal Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623093914/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/the-equipment/commando/landing-craft">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Marines+%E2%80%93+Landing+Craft&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Fthe-equipment%2Fcommando%2Flanding-craft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090314064054/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3641">"Senior Naval Staff"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3641">the original</a> on 14 March 2009. <q>As the Commander-in-Chief Fleet, a position he took up in November 2007, Mark Stanhope has full command of all deployable Fleet units, including the Royal Marines.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senior+Naval+Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal-navy.mod.uk%2Fserver%2Fshow%2Fnav.3641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3cdo-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-3cdo_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-3cdo_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/royal-marines#3-commando-brigade">"3 Commando Brigade"</a>. Royal Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401221106/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/royal-marines#3-commando-brigade">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3+Commando+Brigade&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Four-organisation%2Fthe-fighting-arms%2Froyal-marines%233-commando-brigade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/linkedfiles/referencelibrary/ref_library_docs/bridgecard11feb11.pdf">"Bridge Card – 11 February 11"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110316104857/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/linkedfiles/referencelibrary/ref_library_docs/bridgecard11feb11.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bridge+Card+%E2%80%93+11+February+11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Flinkedfiles%2Freferencelibrary%2Fref_library_docs%2Fbridgecard11feb11.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welcometofife.com/event/the-band-of-hm-royal-marines-scotland-15-03-18-1521072000">"Band of HM Royal Marines, Scotland"</a>. Welcome to Fife<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Band+of+HM+Royal+Marines%2C+Scotland&rft.pub=Welcome+to+Fife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welcometofife.com%2Fevent%2Fthe-band-of-hm-royal-marines-scotland-15-03-18-1521072000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navynews.co.uk-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-navynews.co.uk_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-navynews.co.uk_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/4251">"43 Commando resurrected as historic Royal Marines unit returns"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120404101737/http://navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/4251">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=43+Commando+resurrected+as+historic+Royal+Marines+unit+returns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnavynews.co.uk%2Farchive%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F4251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105235102/http://www.onceamarinealwaysamarine.co.uk/cdo21.htm"><i>Extract from The Globe & Laurel</i></a>, November–December 2000, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onceamarinealwaysamarine.co.uk/cdo21.htm">the original</a> on 5 November 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extract+from+The+Globe+%26+Laurel&rft.date=2000-11%2F2000-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onceamarinealwaysamarine.co.uk%2Fcdo21.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navynews.co.uk/articles/2000/0012/0000122901.asp#">Commando Units To Be Reshaped</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611055457/http://www.navynews.co.uk/articles/2000/0012/0000122901.asp">Archived</a> 11 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Navy News article</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/establishments/naval-bases-and-air-stations/rnas-yeovilton/commando-helicopter-force/">"Commando Helicopter Force webpage"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624083620/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/establishments/naval-bases-and-air-stations/rnas-yeovilton/commando-helicopter-force/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commando+Helicopter+Force+webpage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Foperations-and-support%2Festablishments%2Fnaval-bases-and-air-stations%2Frnas-yeovilton%2Fcommando-helicopter-force%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-marines-to-be-restructured-in-line-with-growing-royal-navy">"Royal Marines to be restructured in line with growing Royal Navy"</a>. GOV.UK. 11 April 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170415182449/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/royal-marines-to-be-restructured-in-line-with-growing-royal-navy">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Marines+to+be+restructured+in+line+with+growing+Royal+Navy&rft.pub=GOV.UK&rft.date=2017-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Froyal-marines-to-be-restructured-in-line-with-growing-royal-navy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9aSEId9XkHU/WPIfslIC_xI/AAAAAAAAEqw/MIKxHAorpngR3zETfBAmIqPFae4Vi-_VQCLcB/s1600/17634862_1506032246095809_856931607396591800_n.jpg">"Commando Forces 2020"</a>. Royal Navy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418081244/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9aSEId9XkHU/WPIfslIC_xI/AAAAAAAAEqw/MIKxHAorpngR3zETfBAmIqPFae4Vi-_VQCLcB/s1600/17634862_1506032246095809_856931607396591800_n.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commando+Forces+2020&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-9aSEId9XkHU%2FWPIfslIC_xI%2FAAAAAAAAEqw%2FMIKxHAorpngR3zETfBAmIqPFae4Vi-_VQCLcB%2Fs1600%2F17634862_1506032246095809_856931607396591800_n.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.janes.com/article/89209/uk-royal-marines-stand-up-programme-office-to-lead-future-commando-force">"UK Royal Marines stand up programme office to lead Future Commando Force"</a>. <i>janes.com</i>. London. 12 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=janes.com&rft.atitle=UK+Royal+Marines+stand+up+programme+office+to+lead+Future+Commando+Force&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.janes.com%2Farticle%2F89209%2Fuk-royal-marines-stand-up-programme-office-to-lead-future-commando-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2019/august/26/190826-young-engineers-design-invisible-commandos">"Young engineers design "invisible commandos"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Royal Navy</i>. 26 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ministry of Defence<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Defence+statistics&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F569187%2FTri-Service_Glossary_-_Nov16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news/2024/november/15/20241115-his-majesty-the-king-visits-the-commando-training-centre-royal-marines">"His Majesty the King today welcomed a new generation of Commandos"</a>. <i>www.royalnavy.mod.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.royalnavy.mod.uk&rft.atitle=His+Majesty+the+King+today+welcomed+a+new+generation+of+Commandos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2Fnovember%2F15%2F20241115-his-majesty-the-king-visits-the-commando-training-centre-royal-marines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theboxplymouth.com/blog/news/hrh-prince-philip">"The Box | HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh"</a>. <i>The Box Plymouth</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Box+Plymouth&rft.atitle=The+Box+%7C+HRH+Prince+Philip%2C+Duke+of+Edinburgh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theboxplymouth.com%2Fblog%2Fnews%2Fhrh-prince-philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/-/media/royal-navy-responsive/documents/reference-library/br-3-vol-1/chapter-40.pdf">"Royal Marines and Other Ranks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. royalnavy.mod.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Marines+and+Other+Ranks&rft.pub=royalnavy.mod.uk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2F-%2Fmedia%2Froyal-navy-responsive%2Fdocuments%2Freference-library%2Fbr-3-vol-1%2Fchapter-40.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2019/02/meghan-markle-prince-harry-valentines-day-apart/">"While Meghan Markle Cooks at Home, It's a Freezing Valentine's Day for Prince Harry"</a>. vanityfair.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=While+Meghan+Markle+Cooks+at+Home%2C+It%E2%80%99s+a+Freezing+Valentine%E2%80%99s+Day+for+Prince+Harry&rft.pub=vanityfair.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fstyle%2F2019%2F02%2Fmeghan-markle-prince-harry-valentines-day-apart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/prince-harry-settles-legal-claim-mail-on-sunday-marines-b918150.html/">"Prince Harry settles claim against Mail on Sunday publisher after being accused of snubbing Royal Marines"</a>. <i>The Standard</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Standard&rft.atitle=Prince+Harry+settles+claim+against+Mail+on+Sunday+publisher+after+being+accused+of+snubbing+Royal+Marines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standard.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fprince-harry-settles-legal-claim-mail-on-sunday-marines-b918150.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/393927/response/959300/attach/7/ADR%20Part%202.pdf?cookie_passthrough">"Army Dress Regulations section 1, paragraph 02.13"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. whatdotheyknow.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+Dress+Regulations+section+1%2C+paragraph+02.13&rft.pub=whatdotheyknow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatdotheyknow.com%2Frequest%2F393927%2Fresponse%2F959300%2Fattach%2F7%2FADR%2520Part%25202.pdf%3Fcookie_passthrough&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/short_history/sh07.html">"The East Surrey Regiment – Marine Service of the Regiment, War of the Spanish Succession"</a>. Queen's Royal Surreys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160627151617/http://queensroyalsurreys.org.uk/short_history/sh07.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+East+Surrey+Regiment+%E2%80%93+Marine+Service+of+the+Regiment%2C+War+of+the+Spanish+Succession&rft.pub=Queen%27s+Royal+Surreys&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queensroyalsurreys.org.uk%2Fshort_history%2Fsh07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQentAYxEA8"><i>Marines vs. Royal Marines Athletic Competition</i></a>, 8 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marines+vs.+Royal+Marines+Athletic+Competition&rft.date=2019-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DqQentAYxEA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2013/may/08/130508-hms-bulwark-arrives-in-the-netherlands">"HMS Bulwark arrives in the Netherlands to mark amphibious pact"</a>. Royal Navy. 8 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031232/http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2013/may/08/130508-hms-bulwark-arrives-in-the-netherlands">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMS+Bulwark+arrives+in+the+Netherlands+to+mark+amphibious+pact&rft.pub=Royal+Navy&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalnavy.mod.uk%2Fnews-and-latest-activity%2Fnews%2F2013%2Fmay%2F08%2F130508-hms-bulwark-arrives-in-the-netherlands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/devon-royal-marines-in-french-exercise">"Devon Royal Marines in French exercise"</a>. Ministry of Defence. 12 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170225053736/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/devon-royal-marines-in-french-exercise">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devon+Royal+Marines+in+French+exercise&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=2013-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fdevon-royal-marines-in-french-exercise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Akins, Thomas Beamish (1895). <i>History of Halifax</i>. Brookhouse Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1298600462" title="Special:BookSources/978-1298600462"><bdi>978-1298600462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Halifax&rft.pub=Brookhouse+Press&rft.date=1895&rft.isbn=978-1298600462&rft.aulast=Akins&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Beamish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Richard; Little, Matthew (2008). <i>Tracing Your Royal Marine Ancestors: A Guide for Family Historians</i>. Pen & Sword, Barnsley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1844158690" title="Special:BookSources/978-1844158690"><bdi>978-1844158690</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracing+Your+Royal+Marine+Ancestors%3A+A+Guide+for+Family+Historians&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword%2C+Barnsley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1844158690&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Little%2C+Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chappell, Mike (2004). <i>Wellington's Peninsula Regiments (2): The Light Infantry</i>. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-403-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-403-0"><bdi>978-1-84176-403-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wellington%27s+Peninsula+Regiments+%282%29%3A+The+Light+Infantry&rft.pub=Oxford%3A+Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-403-0&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Chartrand, Rene (2002). <i>Colonial American Troops, 1610–1774</i>. Vol. 1. Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841763248" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841763248"><bdi>978-1841763248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonial+American+Troops%2C+1610%E2%80%931774&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1841763248&rft.aulast=Chartrand&rft.aufirst=Rene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Dutton, Jim (August 2000), "The Royal Marines Today", <i><a href="/wiki/RUSI_Journal" title="RUSI Journal">RUSI Journal</a></i>, <b>145</b> (4): 21–24, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03071840008446547">10.1080/03071840008446547</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154589456">154589456</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RUSI+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Marines+Today&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=21-24&rft.date=2000-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03071840008446547&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154589456%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Edye, Lourenço (1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sJdPAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Historical Records of the Royal Marines</i></a>. Vol. v. 1. London: Harrison & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Records+of+the+Royal+Marines&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harrison+%26+Sons&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Edye&rft.aufirst=Louren%C3%A7o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsJdPAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Francis, David (1975). <i>The First Peninsular War: 1702–1713</i>. Ernest Benn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0510002053" title="Special:BookSources/978-0510002053"><bdi>978-0510002053</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Peninsular+War%3A+1702%E2%80%931713&rft.pub=Ernest+Benn&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0510002053&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gleig, George Robert (1827). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/campaignsofbriti00inglei"><i>The campaigns of the British army at Washington and New Orleans in the years 1814–1815</i></a>. John Murray, London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+campaigns+of+the+British+army+at+Washington+and+New+Orleans+in+the+years+1814%E2%80%931815&rft.pub=John+Murray%2C+London&rft.date=1827&rft.aulast=Gleig&rft.aufirst=George+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcampaignsofbriti00inglei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Heidler, David; Heidler, Jeanne (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of the War Of 1812</i>. Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591143628" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591143628"><bdi>978-1591143628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+War+Of+1812&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1591143628&rft.aulast=Heidler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Heidler%2C+Jeanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Moore, John (1989). <i>The First Fleet Marines</i>. University of Queensland Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0702220654" title="Special:BookSources/978-0702220654"><bdi>978-0702220654</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Fleet+Marines&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0702220654&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mountbatten, Lord Louis (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/combinedoperatio006231mbp"><i>Combined Operations: The Official Story of the Commandos</i></a>. New York, The Macmillan Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combined+Operations%3A+The+Official+Story+of+the+Commandos&rft.pub=New+York%2C+The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Mountbatten&rft.aufirst=Lord+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcombinedoperatio006231mbp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harris_Nicolas" title="Paul Harris Nicolas">Nicolas, Paul</a> (1845). <i>Historical record of the Royal marine forces</i>. Thomas and Boone, London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+record+of+the+Royal+marine+forces&rft.pub=Thomas+and+Boone%2C+London&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=Nicolas&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Lenihan, Padraig (2008). <i>Consolidating Conquest, Ireland 1603–1727</i>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0582772175" title="Special:BookSources/978-0582772175"><bdi>978-0582772175</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Consolidating+Conquest%2C+Ireland+1603%E2%80%931727&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0582772175&rft.aulast=Lenihan&rft.aufirst=Padraig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Neillands, Robin (2004). <i>By Sea and Land: The Story of the Royal Marine Commandos</i>. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84415-043-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84415-043-7"><bdi>1-84415-043-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+Sea+and+Land%3A+The+Story+of+the+Royal+Marine+Commandos&rft.place=Barnsley&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Classics&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84415-043-7&rft.aulast=Neillands&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Julian (2001). <i>The Royal Marines, From Sea Soldiers to a Special Force</i>. Pan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0330377027" title="Special:BookSources/978-0330377027"><bdi>978-0330377027</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+Marines%2C+From+Sea+Soldiers+to+a+Special+Force&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0330377027&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Carter, B L (2013). <i>A Short history of The Royal Marines</i>. Royal marines Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1908123053" title="Special:BookSources/978-1908123053"><bdi>978-1908123053</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+history+of+The+Royal+Marines&rft.pub=Royal+marines+Historical+Society&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1908123053&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=B+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Marines" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Marines&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Marines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Royal Marines">Royal Marines</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/royalmarines">Official website</a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalmarineshistory.com/">Royal Marines History</a> website</li> <li>Download <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/royalmarines.asp">Royal Marines Registers of Service</a> (1842–1925). The National Archives official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090107042128/http://rumration.co.uk/">"Rum Ration": The Navy Network</a> – unofficial website for the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, and Royal Fleet Auxiliary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalmarinesmuseum.co.uk/">Royal Marines Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929065024/http://www.royalmarinesmuseum.co.uk/">Archived</a> 29 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20061008143134/http://www.mscos.ac.uk/">Marine Society</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naval-history.net/WW2aaRN-PayTables00Ranks-Badges.htm">Royal Navy ranks, professions, and trades in World War 2, including Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naval-history.net/WW2CampaignsRNHons.htm">Royal Navy Battle Honours including Royal Marine Corps Memorable Dates, 1939–1945</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="His_Majesty&#039;s_Naval_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="Template:His Majesty's Naval Service"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="Template talk:His Majesty's Naval Service"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="Special:EditPage/Template:His Majesty's Naval Service"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="His_Majesty&#039;s_Naval_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="Minister of State for the Armed Forces">Minister of State for the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sea_Lord" title="Second Sea Lord">Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Commander" title="Fleet Commander">Fleet Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Maritime_Command" title="Allied Maritime Command">Commander, Allied Maritime Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_General_Royal_Marines" title="Commandant General Royal Marines">Commandant General Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_General_of_the_Armed_Forces" title="Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces">Judge Advocate General of the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrant_Officer_to_the_Royal_Navy" title="Warrant Officer to the Royal Navy">Warrant Officer to the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_Regimental_Sergeant_Major" title="Corps Regimental Sergeant Major">Corps Regimental Sergeant Major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Surface_Fleet" title="Royal Navy Surface Fleet">Surface fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Submarine_Service" title="Royal Navy Submarine Service">Submarine Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Medical_Service" title="Royal Navy Medical Service">Royal Navy Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra%27s_Royal_Naval_Nursing_Service" title="Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service">Nursing Service (QARNNS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Chaplaincy_Service" title="Royal Navy Chaplaincy Service">Chaplaincy Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Police" title="Royal Navy Police">Navy Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Careers_Service" title="Naval Careers Service">Naval Careers Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Marines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Commando_Force" title="United Kingdom Commando Force">UK Commando Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Band_Service" title="Royal Marines Band Service">Royal Marines Band Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Reserve" title="Royal Marines Reserve">Royal Marines Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Marines_Police" title="Royal Marines Police">Royal Marines Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Reserve" title="Royal Naval Reserve">Royal Naval Reserve</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Calliope_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Calliope (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Calliope</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Cambria_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Cambria (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Cambria</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ceres_(2015_shore_establishment)" title="HMS Ceres (2015 shore establishment)">HMS <i>Ceres</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Dalriada" title="HMS Dalriada">HMS <i>Dalriada</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Eaglet_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Eaglet (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Eaglet</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Ferret_(1982_shore_establishment)" title="HMS Ferret (1982 shore establishment)">HMS <i>Ferret</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Flying_Fox_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Flying Fox (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Flying Fox</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Forward_(1984_shore_establishment)" title="HMS Forward (1984 shore establishment)">HMS <i>Forward</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hibernia_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Hibernia (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Hibernia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_King_Alfred_(1994_shore_establishment)" title="HMS King Alfred (1994 shore establishment)">HMS <i>King Alfred</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_President_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS President (shore establishment)">HMS <i>President</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Scotia_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Scotia (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Scotia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sherwood_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Sherwood (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Sherwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Vivid_(1957_shore_establishment)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Vivid (1957 shore establishment) (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Vivid</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Wildfire_(2000_shore_establishment)" title="HMS Wildfire (2000 shore establishment)">HMS <i>Wildfire</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Boat_Service" title="Special Boat Service">Special Boat Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History<br />and future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_in_the_16th_century" title="Admiralty in the 16th century">Admiralty in the 16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_in_the_17th_century" title="Admiralty in the 17th century">Admiralty in the 17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_in_the_18th_century" title="Admiralty in the 18th century">Admiralty in the 18th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_traditions_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Customs and traditions of the Royal Navy">Customs and traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fleets_and_major_commands_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of fleets and major commands of the Royal Navy">Historic forces and commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Future of the Royal Navy">Future of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy_(before_1707)" title="History of the Royal Navy (before 1707)">History of the Royal Navy (before 1707)</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Navy_(after_1707)" title="History of the Royal Navy (after 1707)">after 1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="History of the Royal Marines">History of the Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="National Museum of the Royal Navy">National Museum of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Historical_Branch" title="Naval Historical Branch">Naval Historical Branch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Commander" title="Fleet Commander">Fleet Commander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_United_Kingdom_Strike_Force" title="Commander United Kingdom Strike Force">Commander United Kingdom Strike Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Operations_(Royal_Navy)" title="Commander Operations (Royal Navy)">Commander Operations</a></li> <li>Surface Flotilla</li> <li>Submarine Flotilla</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Commando_Force" title="United Kingdom Commando Force">UK Commando Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fleet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Royal_Navy_ships" title="List of active Royal Navy ships">List of active Royal Navy ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary_ship_names" title="List of Royal Fleet Auxiliary ship names">Royal Fleet Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Royal_Navy_deployments" title="Standing Royal Navy deployments">Standing Royal Navy deployments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fleets_and_major_commands_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of fleets and major commands of the Royal Navy">List of fleets and major commands of the Royal Navy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_carriers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy">Aircraft carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_escort_carriers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of escort carriers of the Royal Navy">Escort carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seaplane_carriers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of seaplane carriers of the Royal Navy">Seaplane carriers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibious_warfare_ships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of amphibious warfare ships of the Royal Navy">Amphibious warfare ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battlecruisers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of battlecruisers of the Royal Navy">Battlecruisers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dreadnought_battleships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy">Battleships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-dreadnought_battleships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of pre-dreadnought battleships of the Royal Navy">Pre-dreadnought battleships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bomb_vessels_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of bomb vessels of the Royal Navy">Bomb vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_corvette_and_sloop_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of corvette and sloop classes of the Royal Navy">Corvette and sloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cruiser_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of cruiser classes of the Royal Navy">Cruisers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyer_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of destroyer classes of the Royal Navy">Destroyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fireships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of fireships of the Royal Navy">Fireships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_frigate_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of frigate classes of the Royal Navy">Frigates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gun-brigs_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of gun-brigs of the Royal Navy">Gun-brigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gunboat_and_gunvessel_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of gunboat and gunvessel classes of the Royal Navy">Gunboat and gunvessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_and_hospital_ships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of hospitals and hospital ships of the Royal Navy">Hospital ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ironclads_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of ironclads of the Royal Navy">Ironclads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mine_countermeasure_vessels_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of mine countermeasure vessels of the Royal Navy">Mine countermeasure vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monitors_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of monitors of the Royal Navy">Monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ironclads_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of ironclads of the Royal Navy">Ironclads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_patrol_vessels_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of patrol vessels of the Royal Navy">Patrol vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_royal_yachts_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of royal yachts of the United Kingdom">Royal yachts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of ships of the line of the Royal Navy">Ships of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy">Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_support_ships_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of support ships of the Royal Navy">Support ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_survey_vessels_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of survey vessels of the Royal Navy">Survey vessels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Royal_Marines_military_watercraft" title="List of active Royal Marines military watercraft">Royal Marines Boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ship_names_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of ship names of the Royal Navy">Historic ships names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Council of the United Kingdom">Defence Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Board" title="Admiralty Board">Admiralty Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Board_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Navy Board (1964–present)">Navy Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Command_(Royal_Navy)" title="Navy Command (Royal Navy)">Navy Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(Aviation,_Amphibious_Capability_%26_Carriers)" title="Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Aviation, Amphibious Capability & Carriers)">Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Aviation, Amphibious Capability & Carriers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (United Kingdom)">Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Capability)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Secretary" title="Naval Secretary">Director People & Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (United Kingdom)">Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Policy)</a></li> <li>Director Naval Support</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Fleet_Operational_Sea_Training" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander Fleet Operational Sea Training">Commander Fleet Operational Sea Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_Chaplaincy_Service#Chaplains_of_the_Fleet" title="Royal Navy Chaplaincy Service">Chaplain of the Fleet</a></li> <li>Director General Ships</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commandant_General_Royal_Marines" title="Commandant General Royal Marines">Commandant General Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Operations_(Royal_Navy)" title="Commander Operations (Royal Navy)">Commander Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_United_Kingdom_Strike_Force" title="Commander United Kingdom Strike Force">Commander United Kingdom Strike Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Littoral_Strike_Group" title="Commander Littoral Strike Group">Commander Littoral Strike Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_United_Kingdom_Carrier_Strike_Group" title="Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group">Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Staff_Directorate" title="Naval Staff Directorate">Commodore, Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary#List_of_Commodores_Royal_Fleet_Auxiliary" title="Royal Fleet Auxiliary">Commodore RFA and Deputy Director Royal Navy Afloat Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_Maritime_Reserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander Maritime Reserves">Commander Maritime Reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Secretary" title="Naval Secretary">Naval Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Rear-Admiral, Fleet Air Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Submarine_Service" title="Commodore Submarine Service">Commodore Submarine Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander_United_Kingdom_Maritime_Forces_and_Rear_Admiral_Surface_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander United Kingdom Maritime Forces and Rear Admiral Surface Ships">Commodore Surface Flotilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_senior_officers_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="List of serving senior officers of the Royal Navy">Serving senior officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_serving_senior_officers_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="List of serving senior officers of the Royal Marines">Serving senior Royal Marines officers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel<br />and training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Interview_Board" title="Admiralty Interview Board">Admiralty Interview Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britannia_Royal_Naval_College" title="Britannia Royal Naval College">Britannia Royal Naval College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commando_Training_Centre_Royal_Marines" title="Commando Training Centre Royal Marines">Commando Training Centre Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Academy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Academy of the United Kingdom">Defence Academy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Raleigh_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Raleigh (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Raleigh</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Sultan_(shore_establishment)" title="HMS Sultan (shore establishment)">HMS <i>Sultan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Corps_of_Naval_Constructors" title="Royal Corps of Naval Constructors">Royal Corps of Naval Constructors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Royal_Naval_Unit" title="University Royal Naval Unit">University Royal Naval Unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Navy" title="Uniforms of the Royal Navy">Uniforms of the Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Royal_Marines" title="Uniforms of the Royal Marines">Uniforms of the Royal Marines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_officer_rank_insignia" title="Royal Navy officer rank insignia">Officer rank insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_other_rank_insignia" title="Royal Navy other rank insignia">Ratings rank insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy_cutlasses" title="Royal Navy cutlasses">Cutlasses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_War_Staff" title="Admiralty War Staff">Chief of the Admiralty War Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_of_the_Fleet_(Royal_Navy)" title="Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)">Admirals of the Fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_Fleet" title="Commander-in-Chief Fleet">Commander-in-Chief Fleet</a></li> <li>Commander-in-Chief, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Home_Command" title="Naval Home Command">Naval Home Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_First_Sea_Lord" title="Deputy First Sea Lord">Deputy First Sea Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (United Kingdom)">Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Sea_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Sea Lord">Third Sea Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Sea_Lord" title="Fourth Sea Lord">Fourth Sea Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Sea_Lord" title="Fifth Sea Lord">Fifth Sea Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_the_Naval_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Vice Chief of the Naval Staff (United Kingdom)">Vice Chief of the Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Advocate_of_the_Fleet" title="Judge Advocate of the Fleet">Judge Advocate of the Fleet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Royal_Navy" title="Category:Royal Navy">category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministry_of_Defence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Template:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Template talk:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministry_of_Defence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Headquarters: <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Main_Building" title="Ministry of Defence Main Building">Main Building, Whitehall</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Service branches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">Naval Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;">By <a href="/wiki/Nations_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nations of the United Kingdom">nation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Scotland" title="Armed forces in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Wales" title="Armed forces in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_in_the_British_Armed_Forces" title="Irish in the British Armed Forces">the Irish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Defence Council of the United Kingdom">Defence Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)#Senior_officials" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Political</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Secretary of State for Defence">Secretary of State for Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_the_Armed_Forces" title="Minister of State for the Armed Forces">Minister of State for the Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Defence_Procurement_and_Industry" title="Minister of State for Defence Procurement and Industry">Minister of State for Defence Procurement and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_for_Defence" title="Minister of State for Defence">Minister of State for Defence</a> (House of Lords)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Veterans_and_People" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Veterans and People">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Veterans and People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chiefs of Staff Committee">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice-Chief_of_the_Defence_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff (United Kingdom)">Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sea_Lord" title="First Sea Lord">First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Air_Staff_(United_Kingdom)" title="Chief of the Air Staff (United Kingdom)">Chief of the Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Strategic_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Strategic Command">Commander Strategic Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Defence_People" title="Chief of Defence People">Chief of Defence People</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Defence" title="Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence">Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientific_Adviser_to_the_Ministry_of_Defence" title="Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence">Chief Scientific Adviser</a></li> <li>Director-General Finance</li> <li>Director-General Head Office and Commissioning Services</li> <li>Director-General Nuclear</li> <li>Director-General Security Policy</li> <li>Lead Non-Executive Board Member</li> <li>Non-Executive Defence Board Member and Chair of the People Committee</li> <li>Non-Executive Defence Board Member and Chair of the Defence Audit Committee</li> <li>Non-Executive Defence Board Member and Chair of the Defence Equipment and Support Board</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service boards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Board_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty Board (United Kingdom)">Admiralty Board</a> (<a href="/wiki/Navy_Board_(1964%E2%80%93present)" title="Navy Board (1964–present)">Navy Board</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Board" title="Army Board">Army Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Board" title="Air Force Board">Air Force Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navy_Command_(Royal_Navy)" title="Navy Command (Royal 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