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المتحدة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D1%8E-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Нью-Ривер – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нью-Ривер" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_River_(suba_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_California,_Imperial_County)" title="New River (suba sa Tinipong Bansa, California, Imperial County) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="New River (suba sa Tinipong Bansa, California, Imperial County)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&params=33.131316_N_115.694479_W_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°07′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°41′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.131316°N 115.694479°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.131316; -115.694479</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River that flows from Mexico into the United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rio Nuevo" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rio_Nuevo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rio Nuevo (disambiguation)">Rio Nuevo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">New River</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg/250px-Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg/375px-Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg/500px-Newriverwatershed-1-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="1826" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the New River (left) Watershed; <a href="/wiki/Alamo_River" title="Alamo River">Alamo River</a> on the right.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_ccad94f5659323559dd458617d5e53568bfa1fcd"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=New_River_%28Mexico%E2%80%93United_States%29&revid=1253283863&groups=_ccad94f5659323559dd458617d5e53568bfa1fcd" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=New_River_%28Mexico%E2%80%93United_States%29&revid=1253283863&groups=_ccad94f5659323559dd458617d5e53568bfa1fcd 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Río Nuevo</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States, Mexico</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data">near <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Prieto" title="Cerro Prieto">Cerro Prieto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-laflin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laflin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mexicali_Municipality,_Baja_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexicali Municipality, Baja California">Mexicali Municipality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California, Mexico</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&params=32.379164_N_115.243664_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°22′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°14′37″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.379164°N 115.243664°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.379164; -115.243664</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County</a>, California</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&params=33.131316_N_115.694479_W_type:river"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°07′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">115°41′40″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.131316°N 115.694479°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.131316; -115.694479</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">125 km (78 mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">18 m<sup>3</sup>/s (640 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>New River</b> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Río Nuevo</i>) flows north from near <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Prieto" title="Cerro Prieto">Cerro Prieto</a>, through the city of <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>, Mexico, into the United States through the city of <a href="/wiki/Calexico,_California" title="Calexico, California">Calexico, California</a>, towards the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>. The river channel has existed since pre-historic times. The river as known today formed from a <a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">levee</a> failure and massive flooding that filled the Salton Sea. </p><p>The river flow mostly consists of <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_pollution" title="Agricultural pollution">agricultural runoff</a>, municipal discharge and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment" title="Industrial wastewater treatment">industrial wastewater</a>. The river has been called the most severely <a href="/wiki/Polluted" class="mw-redirect" title="Polluted">polluted</a> river of its size in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-e1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several projects have begun to reduce and mitigate the levels of pollution in the river, including upgrades to <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">sewage treatment</a> infrastructure and enclosure of the river channel.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flow">Flow</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Flow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The New River channel begins at a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic lake">volcanic lake</a> near <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Prieto" title="Cerro Prieto">Cerro Prieto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laflin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laflin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today this lake feeds the <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Prieto_Geothermal_Power_Station" title="Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station">Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station</a>. The river flows north 15 miles (24 km) through Baja California, and another 66 miles (106 km) through California into the Salton Sea, the largest lake in California. Flow at the border is approximately 200 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubic foot per second">cu ft/s</a> (5.7 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre_per_second" title="Cubic metre per second">m<sup>3</sup>/s</a>), and about three times more at the Salton Sea because of agricultural runoff collected along the way. </p><p>The New River's flow is composed of agricultural and chemical runoff waste from farm industry <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a> in the U.S. (18.4%) and Mexico (51.2%), <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> (29%), and manufacturing plants operating in Mexico (1.4%). Where New River crosses the Mexico–U.S. border near <a href="/wiki/Calexico,_California" title="Calexico, California">Calexico, California</a>, its channel contains a stew of about a hundred <a href="/wiki/Contaminant" class="mw-redirect" title="Contaminant">contaminants</a>: <a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Volatile organic compounds">volatile organic compounds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metals">heavy metals</a> including <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">arsenic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesticides" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesticides">pesticides</a> (including <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyls" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychlorinated biphenyls">PCBs</a>. The waterway also contains <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> that cause <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encephalitis" title="Encephalitis">encephalitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poliomyelitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Poliomyelitis">polio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">hepatitis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>; levels for many of these contaminants violate <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) and Cal/EPA standards by several hundredfold.<sup id="cite_ref-e2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fecal <a href="/wiki/Coliform_bacteria" title="Coliform bacteria">coliform bacteria</a> have reached 100,000 to 16 million <a href="/wiki/Colony-forming_unit" title="Colony-forming unit">colonies per milliliter</a> at the border checkpoint (possibly more, as this is the measuring capacity threshold), far above the <a href="/wiki/IBWC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBWC">U.S.–Mexico treaty</a> limit of 240 colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-e3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 monthly samples from the New River ranged from 12,000 to more than 160,000 per 100 milliliters. California considers water safe for swimming at 400.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Highly polluted inflow to the New River and agricultural runoff has resulted in elevated bacterial levels and large <a href="/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">algal blooms</a> in the Salton Sea. Lacking an outlet for its water, the Salton Sea's <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> has increased by approximately 1% per year. Increasing water temperature, salinity and bacterial levels led to massive <a href="/wiki/Fish_die-off" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish die-off">fish die-offs</a> in 1992, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2006, and 2008, and created ideal breeding grounds for <a href="/wiki/Botulism" title="Botulism">avian botulism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Newcastle disease">Newcastle disease</a>, leading to massive avian <a href="/wiki/Epizootic" title="Epizootic">epizootics</a> 1992–2019. </p><p>The Salton Sea has a salinity of 4.4% (4.4 parts per 100), making it saltier than ocean water (3.5% for Pacific). Many fish species can no longer reproduce or survive in the Salton Sea. <a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a> may be the only fish species able to persist there for a limited time. Without restoration, the Salton Sea will likely increase in toxicity and remain an <a href="/wiki/Ecological_trap" title="Ecological trap">ecological trap</a> for avian species. </p><p>Toxic levels of PCBs, DDT, and DDT byproduct DDE regularly appear in sediment samples taken between 2002 and 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern courses of the New River and the <a href="/wiki/Alamo_River" title="Alamo River">Alamo River</a>, and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>, date from the autumn of 1904 when heavy rainfall and <a href="/wiki/Snowmelt" title="Snowmelt">snowmelt</a> caused the swollen <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> to overrun a set of headgates for the <a href="/wiki/Alamo_Canal" title="Alamo Canal">Alamo Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-laflin_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laflin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting flood poured down the canal and breached an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a> dyke. The sudden influx of water and the lack of drainage from the basin formed the Salton Sea; the rivers had re-created a great inland sea in the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sink" title="Salton Sink">Salton Sink</a>, which had frequently flooded. Nearly two years passed before workers could control the Colorado River's flow and stop the flooding, but the river was effectively dammed in the early part of 1907 and returned to its normal course.<sup id="cite_ref-laflin_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laflin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flood significantly enlarged the channels of the New and Alamo Rivers. Some water still flowed after the dyke was repaired, as the larger channels collected and carried agricultural runoff to the Salton Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-laflin_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laflin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG/220px-Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG/330px-Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG/440px-Nrborderborderentrythreecolorsmay05-1-.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The New River at the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">US–Mexico border</a>, carrying foam and mixing with wastewater from the International Drain</figcaption></figure> <p>Although thorough documentation of the pollution before 1960 is not available, records show the New River has been identified as a significant <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> problem since the late 1940s. Extremely high concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Fecal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fecal">fecal</a> <a href="/wiki/Coliform_bacteria" title="Coliform bacteria">coliform bacteria</a> caused a stench at its entry into the U.S. Under provisions of the <a href="/wiki/1944_Water_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="1944 Water Treaty">1944 Water Treaty</a> with Mexico, the United States and Mexico agreed to solve border sanitation problems. The <a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a> (IBWC) was authorized by the two governments to study the pollution of the New River from Mexico. </p><p>Studies in 1947 and 1948 of the New River led the IBWC to recommend a joint treatment plant constructed in the United States to treat the sewage from Calexico and Mexicali.<sup id="cite_ref-e1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Mexicali's population exploded in the 1970s, pollution increased. Due to inadequate <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sewer</a> infrastructure, the two nations attempted in the 1980s and 1990s to address pollution in this river, as documented by the International Boundary and Water Commission of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IBWC was established in 1889 to maintain the border, allocate river waters between the two nations, and provide for flood control and water sanitation. Once viewed as a model of international cooperation, in recent decades, the IBWC has been heavily criticized as an institutional anachronism, bypassed by modern social, environmental, and political issues.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) in the 1990s, industrial manufacturing increasingly contributed to pollution. Mexico's relatively lax <a href="/wiki/Environmental_law" title="Environmental law">environmental regulations</a> on manufacturing plants or <i><a href="/wiki/Maquiladora" title="Maquiladora">maquiladoras</a></i>, allowed these plants to use the New River as an <a href="/wiki/Industrial_waste" title="Industrial waste">industrial waste</a> <a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">drainage</a> system. <a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a> has become a bustling <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico_border" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–Mexico border">border city</a> with over 180 <i>maquiladoras</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1990s, a joint project was implemented to improve Mexicali's <a href="/wiki/Water_industry" title="Water industry">wastewater infrastructure</a>. The EPA paid 55% of a $50 million upgrade to Mexicali's sewage treatment facilities, but the improvements did not treat all waste discharges into the river. The residual pollution affects both Mexico and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Valley (California)">Imperial Valley</a> in California and is deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, construction began on a <a href="/wiki/Bollard" title="Bollard">bollard</a> portion of the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico–United States barrier">Mexico–United States barrier</a> across the river.<sup id="cite_ref-May2018LAT_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May2018LAT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2018, most of the river in Mexicali was covered, but sometimes overflowed its covered riverbanks when it rained.<sup id="cite_ref-May2018LAT_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May2018LAT-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg/200px-Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg/300px-Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg/400px-Salton_Sea_from_Space.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="1249" /></a><figcaption>The Salton Sea and tributaries in the Imperial Valley as seen from the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_issues">Environmental issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environmental issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The smell of the New River near the border is often overpowering, particularly at night and during the summer when temperatures can reach 120 °F (49 °C). The New River is so heavily polluted that technicians usually wear two sets of gloves, aprons, and other protective clothing when testing the water. US Border Patrol agents have instructions to stay out of the river except in emergencies.<sup id="cite_ref-USA_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2019, chemicals, heavy metals, and raw sewage was found to be in the New River.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discarded trash, dead animals and other waste line the channel, whose foam blows into the streets of a Calexico residential area and its downtown. <a href="/wiki/Mosquitoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosquitoes">Mosquitoes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Pest_(organism)" title="Pest (organism)">pests</a> thrive in the summer. All of these factors only serve to elevate the contagion risk. </p><p>In 2006, through another binational project, Mexicali finished building a second wastewater treatment facility to treat the 10 to 20 million US gallons (38,000 to 76,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day of raw and partially treated sewage that was being discharged into the river. In May 2005, the New River was designated as one of two <a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">environmental justice</a> water quality pilot projects for the State of <a href="/wiki/California_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="California Environmental Protection Agency">California Environmental Protection Agency</a> (CalEPA) to try to address the various pollution sources collaboratively between the various stakeholders.<sup id="cite_ref-e8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/California_Office_of_Environmental_Health_Hazard_Assessment" title="California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment">California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment</a> has issued a safe eating <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oehha.ca.gov/advisories/new-river">advisory</a> for any fish caught in New River due to elevated levels of <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDTs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl" title="Polychlorinated biphenyl">PCBs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">selenium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Changes:_SB_387">Legislative Changes: SB 387</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legislative Changes: SB 387"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 25, 2005, <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Schwarzenegger" title="Arnold Schwarzenegger">Arnold Schwarzenegger</a> signed <a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">Senate Bill</a> 387, introduced by <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/Denise_Moreno_Ducheny" title="Denise Moreno Ducheny">Denise Moreno Ducheny</a> (D-San Diego), which provided funding for the New River Improvement Project. It involves four main components: </p> <ol><li>A trash screen;</li> <li>Construction of an enclosed box culvert alongside the current river channel through the developed areas of Calexico so that normal flow can be re-routed into the culvert, thereby eliminating resident exposure and allowing for treatment of contaminated flows;</li> <li>Construction of wetlands to address overall pollution, including pollution from sources in the United States; and</li> <li>Construction of green belts and recreational facilities in a restored New River floodplain.<sup id="cite_ref-e9_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e9-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-e10_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e10-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outlook">Outlook</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Outlook"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Colorado River Regional Water Quality Control Board, once the new wastewater treatment facility is fully operational, it will handle the 10 to 20 million US gallons (38,000 to 76,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day of raw sewage currently being discharged into the New River. While this should result in measurably improved water quality of the New River at the border, particularly as it relates to <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a>, the binational projects do not address the dumping of trash into the New River and its <a href="/wiki/Tributaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tributaries">tributaries</a>, the nutrients and pathogens from Mexicali's Zaragoza <a href="/wiki/List_of_wastewater_treatment_technologies" title="List of wastewater treatment technologies">wastewater treatment lagoons</a>, the untreated and partially treated discharges of industrial wastes, agricultural runoff from the Mexicali Valley, and urban and storm runoff from the municipality. </p><p>Mexico intends to reclaim effluent from the treatment plant for onsite <a href="/wiki/Green_belt" title="Green belt">green belts</a>, resulting in a 20 million US gallons (76,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day decrease in the flow of the New River at the border, in addition to the projected 10 million US gallons (38,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day decrease in flow in the river at the border when the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intergen.com/">InterGen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sempra_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempra Energy">Sempra Energy</a> power plants reach capacity in Mexicali. The estimated decrease in flow due to projects pursuant to the terms of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070626175430/http://www.crss.water.ca.gov/crqsa/index.cfm">Quantification Settlement Agreement</a>, and water transfer between the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Irrigation_District" title="Imperial Irrigation District">Imperial Irrigation District</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdcwa.org">San Diego County Water Authority</a>, will have devastating water quality impacts on the <a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-e3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Irrigation_District" title="Imperial Irrigation District">Imperial Irrigation District</a>, although water pollution is a severe problem at the border, by the time the river enters the Salton Sea, the issue is "not significant"; water quality improves as the water makes its way north due to the addition of agricultural drain water and through natural cleansing occurring in the intervening 60 miles (97 km). Agricultural <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a> have never been detected in the Salton Sea at levels high enough to cause a public health concern.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Cahuilla" title="Lake Cahuilla">Lake Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tributaries_of_the_Salton_Sea" title="Category:Tributaries of the Salton Sea">Tributaries of the Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calexico,_California" title="Calexico, California">Calexico, California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicali" title="Mexicali">Mexicali</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_River_(Mexico%E2%80%93United_States)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-laflin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laflin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laflin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laflin_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-laflin_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colorado_River_system" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colorado_River_system" title="Template:Colorado River system"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colorado_River_system" title="Template talk:Colorado River system"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado_River_system" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colorado River system"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colorado_River_system" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> system</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jurisdictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>United States <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></span></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora">Sonora</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Topockgorge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/100px-Topockgorge.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/150px-Topockgorge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Topockgorge.jpg/200px-Topockgorge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/100px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/150px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg/200px-Glen_Canyon_Dam_MC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="2917" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorado_River05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/100px-Colorado_River05.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/150px-Colorado_River05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Colorado_River05.jpg/200px-Colorado_River05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2482" data-file-height="1648" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colorado_River_Avi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/100px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/150px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Colorado_River_Avi.JPG/200px-Colorado_River_Avi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/100px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/150px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/HooverDamFrontWater.jpg/200px-HooverDamFrontWater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="758" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canyons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byers_Canyon" title="Byers Canyon">Byers Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_Canyon" title="Gore Canyon">Gore Canyon</a></li> <li>Red Gorge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Canyon" title="Glenwood Canyon">Glenwood Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Beque_Canyon" title="De Beque Canyon">De Beque Canyon</a></li> <li>Horsethief Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Canyon" title="Ruby Canyon">Ruby Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwater_Canyon" title="Westwater Canyon">Westwater Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataract_Canyon" title="Cataract Canyon">Cataract Canyon</a></li> <li>Narrow Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon" title="Glen Canyon">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Marble_Canyon" title="Marble Canyon">Marble Canyon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Granite Gorge</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Middle Granite Gorge</span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Lower Granite Gorge</span></li></ul></li> <li>Grand Wash Canyon</li> <li>Iceberg Canyon</li> <li>Virgin Canyon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_(Colorado_River)" title="Boulder Canyon (Colorado River)">Boulder Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Canyon_of_the_Colorado" title="Black Canyon of the Colorado">Black Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Canyon" title="Pyramid Canyon">Pyramid Canyon</a></li> <li>Mohave Canyon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Course_of_the_Colorado_River" title="Course of the Colorado River">River course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado River Basin">Colorado River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Plateau" title="Colorado Plateau">Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake_(Colorado)" title="Grand Lake (Colorado)">Grand Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_Bend_(Arizona)" title="Horseshoe Bend (Arizona)">Horseshoe Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Colorado_River_Valley" title="Lower Colorado River Valley">Lower Colorado River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_Valley" title="Mohave Valley">Mohave Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Valley" title="Parker Valley">Parker Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Valley" title="Palo Verde Valley">Palo Verde Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Desert" title="Colorado Desert">Colorado Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_River" title="Alamo River">Alamo River</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">New River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea" title="Salton Sea">Salton Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Delta" title="Colorado River Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Island_(Baja_California)" title="Montague Island (Baja California)">Montague Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_California" title="Gulf of California">Gulf of California/Sea of Cortez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Colorado_River" title="List of tributaries of the Colorado River">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_River_(Colorado)" title="Blue River (Colorado)">Blue River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Devil_River" title="Dirty Devil River">Dirty Devil River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_River" title="Dolores River">Dolores River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalante_River" title="Escalante River">Escalante River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_River_(Colorado)" title="Eagle River (Colorado)">Eagle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_River_(Colorado)" title="Fraser River (Colorado)">Fraser River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_River" title="Gila River">Gila River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Green River (Colorado River tributary)">Green River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnison_River" title="Gunnison River">Gunnison River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanab_Creek" title="Kanab Creek">Kanab Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Colorado_River" title="Little Colorado River">Little Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paria_River" title="Paria River">Paria River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Fork_River" title="Roaring Fork River">Roaring Fork River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_River_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)">San Juan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_River_(Tapeats_Creek_tributary)" title="Thunder River (Tapeats Creek tributary)">Thunder River</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tapeats_Creek" title="Tapeats Creek">Tapeats Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_River" title="Virgin River">Virgin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Wash" title="Las Vegas Wash">Las Vegas Wash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williams_Fork_(Colorado_River_tributary)" title="Williams Fork (Colorado River tributary)">Williams Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardy_River" title="Hardy River">Río Hardy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_in_the_Colorado_River_system" title="List of dams in the Colorado River system">Mainstem dams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Mountain_Dam" title="Shadow Mountain Dam">Shadow Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granby_Dam" title="Granby Dam">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windy_Gap_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Windy Gap Dam (page does not exist)">Windy Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_Diversion_Dam" title="Grand Valley Diversion Dam">Grand Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Price-Stubb_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Price-Stubb Dam (page does not exist)">Price-Stubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_Dam" title="Glen Canyon Dam">Glen Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davis_Dam" title="Davis Dam">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parker_Dam" title="Parker Dam">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headgate_Rock_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headgate Rock Dam (page does not exist)">Headgate Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde_Dam" title="Palo Verde Dam">Palo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Dam" title="Imperial Dam">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Diversion_Dam" title="Laguna Diversion Dam">Laguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morelos_Dam" title="Morelos Dam">Morelos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major reservoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fontenelle_Reservoir" title="Fontenelle Reservoir">Fontenelle Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_Gorge_Reservoir" title="Flaming Gorge Reservoir">Flaming Gorge Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mesa_Reservoir" title="Blue Mesa Reservoir">Blue Mesa Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_Lake" title="Navajo Lake">Navajo Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Powell" title="Lake Powell">Lake Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mohave" title="Lake Mohave">Lake Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Havasu" title="Lake Havasu">Lake Havasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Reservoir" title="Imperial Reservoir">Imperial Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Lake" title="Theodore Roosevelt Lake">Theodore Roosevelt Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Carlos_Lake" title="San Carlos Lake">San Carlos Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aqueducts and<br />canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Ditch" title="Grand Ditch">Grand Ditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Aqueduct" title="Colorado River Aqueduct">Colorado River Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Aqueduct" title="San Diego Aqueduct">San Diego Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Arizona_Project" title="Central Arizona Project">Central Arizona Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-American_Canal" title="All-American Canal">All-American Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Canal" title="Alamo Canal">Alamo Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Canal" title="Coachella Canal">Coachella Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Water projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Canyon_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulder Canyon Project">Boulder Canyon Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado%E2%80%93Big_Thompson_Project" title="Colorado–Big Thompson Project">Colorado–Big Thompson Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Storage_Project" title="Colorado River Storage Project">Colorado River Storage Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Valley_AVA" title="Grand Valley AVA">Grand Valley AVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuma_Project" title="Yuma Project">Yuma Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arches_National_Park" title="Arches National Park">Arches National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyonlands_National_Park" title="Canyonlands National Park">Canyonlands National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_National_Monument" title="Colorado National Monument">Colorado National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Horse_Point_State_Park" title="Dead Horse Point State Park">Dead Horse Point State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Canyon_National_Recreation_Area" title="Glen Canyon National Recreation Area">Glen Canyon National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park">Grand Canyon National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead_National_Recreation_Area" title="Lake Mead National Recreation Area">Lake Mead National Recreation Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_National_Park" title="Rocky Mountain National Park">Rocky Mountain National Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_v._California" title="Arizona v. California">Arizona v. California</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Board_of_California" title="Colorado River Board of California">Colorado River Board of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_Compact" title="Colorado River Compact">Colorado River Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Dominy" title="Floyd Dominy">Floyd Dominy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lee's Ferry">Lee's Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Boundary_and_Water_Commission" title="International Boundary and Water Commission">International Boundary and Water Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Water_District_of_Southern_California" title="Metropolitan Water District of Southern California">Metropolitan Water District of Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colorado_River_rapids_and_features" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Colorado River rapids and features">Rapids and features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Reclamation" title="United States Bureau of Reclamation">U.S. Bureau of Reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mulholland" title="William Mulholland">William Mulholland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Imperial_County,_California,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_County,_California" title="Template:Imperial County, California"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_County,_California" title="Template talk:Imperial County, California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_County,_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial County, California"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Imperial_County,_California,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California"><span class="region">Imperial County, California</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California"><span>El Centro</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brawley,_California" title="Brawley, California">Brawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calexico,_California" title="Calexico, California">Calexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calipatria,_California" title="Calipatria, California">Calipatria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Centro,_California" title="El Centro, California">El Centro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holtville,_California" title="Holtville, California">Holtville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_California" title="Imperial, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westmorland,_California" title="Westmorland, California">Westmorland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Imperial County map"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg/87px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="87" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg/130px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg/174px-Map_of_California_highlighting_Imperial_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="1054" /></span><figcaption>Imperial County map</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Beach,_California" title="Bombay Beach, California">Bombay Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Shores,_California" title="Desert Shores, California">Desert Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Centro_Naval_Air_Facility,_California_(CDP)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Centro Naval Air Facility, California (CDP)">El Centro Naval Air Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber,_California" title="Heber, California">Heber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niland,_California" title="Niland, California">Niland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocotillo,_California" title="Ocotillo, California">Ocotillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_Verde,_California" title="Palo Verde, California">Palo Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_City,_California" title="Salton City, California">Salton City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salton_Sea_Beach,_California" title="Salton Sea Beach, California">Salton Sea Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeley,_California" title="Seeley, California">Seeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterhaven,_California" title="Winterhaven, California">Winterhaven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamorio,_California" title="Alamorio, California">Alamorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrade,_California" title="Andrade, California">Andrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard,_California" title="Bard, California">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonds_Corner,_California" title="Bonds Corner, California">Bonds Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Park,_California" title="Boulder Park, California">Boulder Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Wells,_California" title="Coyote Wells, California">Coyote Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixieland,_California" title="Dixieland, California">Dixieland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felicity,_California" title="Felicity, California">Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamis,_California" title="Glamis, California">Glamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_Spring,_California" title="Kane Spring, California">Kane Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meloland,_California" title="Meloland, California">Meloland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Signal,_California" title="Mount Signal, California">Mount Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obregon,_California" title="Obregon, California">Obregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picacho,_California" title="Picacho, California">Picacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaster_City,_California" title="Plaster City, California">Plaster City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood,_California" title="Rockwood, California">Rockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_City,_California" title="Slab City, California">Slab City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian<br />reservations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Yuma_Indian_Reservation" title="Fort Yuma Indian Reservation">Fort Yuma Indian Reservation</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres-Martinez_Indian_Reservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation">Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_town" title="Ghost town">Ghost towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Gaston" title="Camp Gaston">Camp Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrizo_Creek_Station" title="Carrizo Creek Station">Carrizo Creek Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedges,_California" title="Hedges, California">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Wells,_Imperial_County,_California" title="Indian Wells, Imperial County, California">Indian Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaeger_City,_California" title="Jaeger City, California">Jaeger City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogilby,_California" title="Ogilby, California">Ogilby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paringa,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Paringa, California">Paringa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilot_Knob_Station" title="Pilot Knob Station">Pilot Knob Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potholes,_California" title="Potholes, California">Potholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sackett%27s_Wells,_California" title="Sackett's Wells, California">Sackett's Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silsbee,_California" title="Silsbee, California">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedges,_California" title="Hedges, California">Tumco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FCC200;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#FCC200;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:California_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:California (state)"><span>California portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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