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class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Canonical (including proto-apocalyptic)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_(including_proto-apocalyptic)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-canonical" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-canonical"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Non-canonical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-canonical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_and_gnostic_apocalypses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_and_gnostic_apocalypses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Christian and gnostic apocalypses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Christian_and_gnostic_apocalypses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Christian and gnostic apocalypses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Christian_and_gnostic_apocalypses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canonical_(New_Testament)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonical_(New_Testament)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Canonical (New Testament)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_(New_Testament)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-canonical_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-canonical_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Non-canonical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-canonical_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gnostic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gnostic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Gnostic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gnostic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apocalypse</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85" title="نهاية العالم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهاية العالم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="স্বর্গীয় রহস্য উন্মোচন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বর্গীয় রহস্য উন্মোচন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Апокалипсис – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апокалипсис" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsa" title="Apokalipsa – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apokalipsa" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypsa" title="Apokalypsa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apokalypsa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypse" title="Apokalypse – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apokalypse" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypse" title="Apokalypse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apokalypse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokal%C3%BCpsis" title="Apokalüpsis – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apokalüpsis" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalipsis_(g%C3%A9nero_literario)" title="Apocalipsis (género literario) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apocalipsis (género literario)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipso_(%C4%9Denro)" title="Apokalipso (ĝenro) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apokalipso (ĝenro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%AA)" title="آخرالزمان (مسیحیت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آخرالزمان (مسیحیت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B5%EC%8B%9C" title="묵시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="묵시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraj_svijeta" title="Kraj svijeta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kraj svijeta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalips" title="Apokalips – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apokalips" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalisse" title="Apocalisse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apocalisse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%94" title="אפוקליפסה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפוקליפסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಪೋಕ್ಯಾಲಿಪ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಪೋಕ್ಯಾಲಿಪ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Апокалипсис – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Апокалипсис" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalyps" title="Apokalyps – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Apokalyps" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalips%C4%97" title="Apokalipsė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apokalipsė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipszis" title="Apokalipszis – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apokalipszis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85" title="نهاية العالم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نهاية العالم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalips" title="Apokalips – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Apokalips" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalyps" title="Apocalyps – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apocalyps" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%99%E7%A4%BA" title="黙示 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黙示" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypse" title="Apokalypse – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apokalypse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypse" title="Apokalypse – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Apokalypse" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsis" title="Apokalipsis – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Apokalipsis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsa" title="Apokalipsa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apokalipsa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalipse" title="Apocalipse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apocalipse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalips%C4%83" title="Apocalipsă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apocalipsă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsi" title="Apokalipsi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Apokalipsi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apocalypse" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypsa_(literat%C3%BAra)" title="Apokalypsa (literatúra) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apokalypsa (literatúra)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsa" title="Apokalipsa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apokalipsa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipsa" title="Apokalipsa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apokalipsa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalypsi" title="Apokalypsi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apokalypsi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalyps" title="Apokalyps – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apokalyps" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="திருவெளிப்பாடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திருவெளிப்பாடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apokalipse" title="Apokalipse – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apokalipse" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalyps" title="Apocalyps – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Apocalyps" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Concept of a prophetic unveiling, sometimes about eschatology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the literary genre in Judeo-Christian religious culture. For the related genre of religious writings about "end times", see <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a>. For contemporary fiction about cataclysm in general, see <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Apocalypse (disambiguation)">Apocalypse (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg/220px-Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg/330px-Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg/440px-Orthodox-Apocalypse-Fresco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Apocalypse depicted in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Christian Orthodox</a> traditional <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> scenes in <a href="/wiki/Osogovo_Monastery" title="Osogovo Monastery">Osogovo Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#D4CEF2;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Eschatology" title="Category:Eschatology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%; padding-bottom:0.3em; background-color:#D4CEF2;"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base);margin-top:0.3em;"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b>Biblical texts</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Major figures</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Different views</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)">Idealism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a></b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Other events</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events of Revelation</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apocalypse</a>)</li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven Seals</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pralaya" title="Pralaya">Pralaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b>Figures</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Qarnayn" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Qarnayn">Dhul-Qarnayn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Suwayqatayn" title="Dhul-Suwayqatayn">Dhul-Suwayqatayn</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Israfil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi" title="Mahdi">Mahdi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masih_ad-Dajjal" title="Al-Masih ad-Dajjal">Dajjal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81%CA%BEim_%C4%80l_Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qāʾim Āl Muḥammad">Al-Qa'im</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sufyani" title="Sufyani">Sufyani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#In_Islamic_tradition" title="Gog and Magog">Yajuj and Majuj</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Events</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasf_al-Bayda" title="Khasf al-Bayda">Swallowing in Bayda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Signs_of_the_appearance_of_Mahdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Signs of the appearance of Mahdi">Coming of the Mahdi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming_of_Christ#Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Coming of Christ">Return of Isa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Resurrection" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Resurrection">Resurrection</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><b>Biblical texts</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Book of Isaiah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Book of Ezekiel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Book of Zechariah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Other sources</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rishonim" title="Rishonim">Medieval Jewish scholars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Figures</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_the_Prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Elijah the Prophet">Elijah the Prophet</a>, Messiah (<a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Mashiach Ben David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Messiah_ben_Joseph" title="Messiah ben Joseph">Mashiach Ben Yosef</a>), <a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armilus" title="Armilus">Armilus</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div><div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Events and terms</b></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atchalta_De%27Geulah" title="Atchalta De'Geulah">Atchalta De'Geulah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gathering_of_Israel" title="Gathering of Israel">Kibbutz Galuyot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_of_Gog_and_Magog" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resurrection#Judaism" title="Resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_to_come#Jewish_eschatology" title="World to come">Olam Haba</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><b>Figures and items</b> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bound_monster" title="Bound monster">Bound monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjallarhorn" title="Gjallarhorn">Gjallarhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADf_and_L%C3%ADf%C3%BErasir" title="Líf and Lífþrasir">Líf and Lífþrasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naglfar" title="Naglfar">Naglfar</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="padding-top:0.75em;"> <ul><li><b>Events</b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulwinter" title="Fimbulwinter">Fimbulwinter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Ragnarök</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADgr%C3%AD%C3%B0r" title="Vígríðr">Vígríðr</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Li_Hong_(Taoist_eschatology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Hong (Taoist eschatology)">Li Hong</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Incantations_Scripture" title="Divine Incantations Scripture">Divine Incantations Scripture</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Frashokereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE6FF;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Inter-religious</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:0.2em; padding-right:0.2em;"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fate_of_the_unlearned" title="Fate of the unlearned">Fate of the unlearned</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> / <a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Age</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Universal resurrection</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.2em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eschatology" title="Template:Eschatology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eschatology" title="Template talk:Eschatology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eschatology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eschatology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Apocalypse</b> (from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a> <i> </i><span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%88%CE%B9%CF%82#Ancient_Greek" class="extiw" title="wikt:ἀποκάλυψις">ἀποκάλυψις</a></span><i> (<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>apokálupsis</i></span>)</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Revelation" title="Revelation">revelation</a>, disclosure</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">literary genre</a> originating in Judaism in the centuries following the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Babylonian exile">Babylonian exile</a> (597–587 BCE) but persisting in Christianity and Islam. In apocalypse, a <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> being reveals cosmic mysteries or the future to a human intermediary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey20124_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey20124-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The means of mediation include dreams, visions and heavenly journeys,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201437-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they typically feature symbolic imagery drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Bible">Jewish Bible</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cosmological and (pessimistic) historical surveys, the division of time into periods, esoteric numerology, and claims of ecstasy and inspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200412_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200412-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost all are written under pseudonyms (false names), claiming as author a venerated hero from previous centuries,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinton200635_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinton200635-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as with the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>, composed during the 2nd century BCE but bearing the name of the legendary <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a> from the 6th century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a> (from Greek <i>eschatos</i>, last) concerns expectations of the end of the present age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, apocalyptic eschatology is the application of the apocalyptic world-view to the end of the world, when God will bring judgment to the world and save his followers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200073_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200073-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An apocalypse will often contain much eschatological material like the <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">epiphany of Paul the Apostle</a>, but need not: the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptism of Jesus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew's gospel</a>, for example, can be considered apocalyptic in that the heavens open for the presence of a divine mediator (the dove representing the spirit of God) and a voice communicates supernatural information, but there is no eschatological element.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster202081_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster202081-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In popular use <i>apocalypse</i> often means such a catastrophic end-times event, but in scholarly use the term is restricted to the visionary or revelatory event. </p><p>Scholars have identified examples of the genre ranging from the mid-2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200780_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200780-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and examples are to be found in Persian and Greco-Roman literature as well as Jewish and Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1984106_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1984106-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sole clear case in the Jewish Bible (<a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>) is chapters 7–12 of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Book of Daniel</a>, but there are many examples from non-canonical Jewish works;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201440_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201440-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> is the only apocalypse in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, but passages reflecting the genre are to be found in the <a href="/wiki/Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospels">gospels</a> and in nearly all the genuine <a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis20047_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis20047-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition_and_history">Definition and history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition and history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Apocalypse" has come to be used popularly as a synonym for catastrophe, but the Greek word <i>apokálypsis</i>, from which it is derived, means a revelation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis20047_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis20047-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been defined by John J Collins as "a genre of revelatory literature with a narrative framework, in which a revelation is mediated by an otherworldly being to a human recipient, disclosing a transcendent reality which is both temporal, in that it envisages <a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">eschatological</a> salvation, and spatial, insofar as it involves another, supernatural world."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200417_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200417-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collins later refined his definition by adding that apocalypse "is intended to interpret present, earthly circumstances in light of the supernatural world and of the future, and to influence both the understanding and the behaviour of the audience by means of divine authority."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200417_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200417-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The genre of Jewish and Christian apocalypse flourished c. 250 BCE–250 CE, but its antecedents can be traced back much further, in the Jewish prophetic and wisdom traditions (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> 1–3 and <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a> 1–6), and in the mythologies of the Ancient Near East, which have left a legacy of symbology (e.g., the sea as a symbol of chaos in Daniel 7 and Revelation 13:1).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200072_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200072-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> dualism may also have played a role.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200780_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200780-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reasons for its rise are obscure, but there seems to be a connection to times of crisis, such as the 2nd century BCE persecution of the Jews reflected in <a href="/wiki/Daniel%27s_final_vision" title="Daniel's final vision">Daniel's final vision</a>, or the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE reflected in <a href="/wiki/4_Ezra" class="mw-redirect" title="4 Ezra">4 Ezra</a> and <a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200072–73_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200072–73-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG/130px-BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG" decoding="async" width="130" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG/195px-BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG/260px-BambergApocalypseFolio019v7AngelsWith7TrumpetsAnd1WithCenser.JPG 2x" data-file-width="984" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Seven_trumpets" title="Seven trumpets">Seven trumpets</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Apocalyptic revelations are typically mediated through such means as dreams and visions (the ancient world did not distinguish between these), angels, and heavenly journeys.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201437-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These serve to connect two sets of axes, the spatial axis which has God and the heavenly realm above and the human world below, and the temporal axis of the present and the future.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201437-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revelation thus demonstrates that God rules the visible world, and that the present days are leading to an end-time in which divine justice will be done and God's rule will become visible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201437-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mythic images with their roots in texts from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and rich in symbolic meaning are a significant characteristic of the genre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further characteristics include <a href="/wiki/Transcendence_(religion)" title="Transcendence (religion)">transcendentalism</a>, mythology, pessimistic cosmological and historical surveys, dualism (including a doctrine of two ages and the division of time into periods), <a href="/wiki/Biblical_numerology" title="Biblical numerology">numerology</a> (e.g., the "<a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">number of the beast</a>" in Revelation), claims of ecstasy and inspiration, and esotericism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200412_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200412-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the exception of the <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocalypse of John">Apocalypse of John</a> the authors of apocalyptic works released their books under pseudonyms (false names):<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinton200635_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELinton200635-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Book of Daniel, for example, was composed during the 2nd century BCE but took the name of the legendary Daniel for its hero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pseudonymity may have been used to secure acceptance for the new works, to protect the real authors from reprisals, or because the authors had experienced what they believed to be genuine revelations from the famous past figure or identified with him and claimed to write on his behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune1983109_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune1983109-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewish_apocalypses">Jewish apocalypses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jewish apocalypses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canonical_(including_proto-apocalyptic)"><span id="Canonical_.28including_proto-apocalyptic.29"></span>Canonical (including proto-apocalyptic)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canonical (including proto-apocalyptic)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Isaiah" title="Book of Isaiah">Isaiah</a> 24–27; 33; 34–35</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jeremiah" title="Book of Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> 33:14–26</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ezekiel" title="Book of Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> 38–39</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Joel" title="Book of Joel">Joel</a> 3:9–17</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Zechariah" title="Book of Zechariah">Zechariah</a> 12–14</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> 7–12</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-canonical">Non-canonical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Non-canonical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_Enoch" title="3 Enoch">3 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Abraham" title="Apocalypse of Abraham">Apocalypse of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Adam" title="Apocalypse of Adam">Apocalypse of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Moses" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocalypse of Moses">Apocalypse of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Sedrach" title="Apocalypse of Sedrach">Apocalypse of Sedrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Zephaniah" title="Apocalypse of Zephaniah">Apocalypse of Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Zerubbabel" title="Apocalypse of Zerubbabel">Apocalypse of Zerubbabel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4Q246" title="4Q246">Aramaic Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Revelation" title="Gabriel's Revelation">Gabriel's Revelation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Apocryphon" title="Genesis Apocryphon">Genesis Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Baruch" title="3 Baruch">Greek Apocalypse of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Apocalypse_of_Daniel" title="Greek Apocalypse of Daniel">Greek Apocalypse of Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Apocalypse_of_Ezra" title="Greek Apocalypse of Ezra">Greek Apocalypse of Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefer_Elijah" title="Sefer Elijah">Sefer Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_and_gnostic_apocalypses">Christian and gnostic apocalypses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Christian and gnostic apocalypses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canonical_(New_Testament)"><span id="Canonical_.28New_Testament.29"></span>Canonical (New Testament)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Canonical (New Testament)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_24" title="Matthew 24">Matthew 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">The Sheep and the Goats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_13" title="Mark 13">Mark 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Thessalonians_2" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Thessalonians 2">2 Thessalonians 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Timothy_4" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timothy 4">1 Timothy 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Peter_3" title="2 Peter 3">2 Peter 3</a></li> <li>Jude 14–15</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-canonical_2">Non-canonical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Non-canonical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Golias" title="Apocalypse of Golias">Apocalypse of Golias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Paul" title="Apocalypse of Paul">Apocalypse of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Pseudo-Methodius" title="Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius">Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Samuel_of_Kalamoun" title="Apocalypse of Samuel of Kalamoun">Apocalypse of Samuel of Kalamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Stephen" title="Apocalypse of Stephen">Apocalypse of Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Thomas" title="Apocalypse of Thomas">Apocalypse of Thomas</a></li> <li>Coptic <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Elijah" title="Apocalypse of Elijah">Apocalypse of Elijah</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gnostic">Gnostic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gnostic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnostic_Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter">Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Apocalypse_of_James" title="First Apocalypse of James">First Apocalypse of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Apocalypse_of_James" title="Second Apocalypse of James">Second Apocalypse of James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Apocalypse_of_Paul" title="Coptic Apocalypse of Paul">Coptic Apocalypse of Paul</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Climate apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_eschatology" title="Islamic eschatology">Islamic eschatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarey20124-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarey20124_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarey2012">Carey 2012</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201437-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201437_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNajman2014">Najman 2014</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds201145–46_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReynolds2011">Reynolds 2011</a>, p. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200412-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200412_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200412_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2004">Lewis 2004</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELinton200635-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinton200635_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELinton200635_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLinton2006">Linton 2006</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedditt2008180_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedditt2008">Redditt 2008</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarroll2000420_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCarroll2000">Carroll 2000</a>, p. 420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200073-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200073_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2000">Crawford 2000</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster202081-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster202081_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster2020">Foster 2020</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200780-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200780_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200780_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold2007">Arnold 2007</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1984106-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1984106_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1984">Collins 1984</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENajman201440-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENajman201440_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNajman2014">Najman 2014</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis20047-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis20047_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis20047_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2004">Lewis 2004</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis200417-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200417_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis200417_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2004">Lewis 2004</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200072-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200072_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2000">Crawford 2000</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford200072–73-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford200072–73_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2000">Crawford 2000</a>, p. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAune1983109-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAune1983109_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAune1983">Aune 1983</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apocalypse&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArnold2007" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Bill (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cDl6O_mAlSUC&pg=PT79">"Old Testament Eschatology and the Rise of Apocalypticism"</a>. In Walls, Jerry L. (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988359-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-988359-2"><bdi>978-0-19-988359-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Old+Testament+Eschatology+and+the+Rise+of+Apocalypticism&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Eschatology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-988359-2&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcDl6O_mAlSUC%26pg%3DPT79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAune1983" class="citation book cs1">Aune, David (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0cY3kedl8NMC&pg=PA109"><i>Prophecy in Early Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802806352" title="Special:BookSources/9780802806352"><bdi>9780802806352</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prophecy+in+Early+Christianity+and+the+Ancient+Mediterranean+World&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780802806352&rft.aulast=Aune&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0cY3kedl8NMC%26pg%3DPA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2000" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, John T. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA420">"Eschatology"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eschatology&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=John+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarey2012" class="citation book cs1">Carey, Greg (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ptXKwTlfqwC&pg=PA4"><i>Ultimate Things</i></a>. Chalice Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780827238183" title="Special:BookSources/9780827238183"><bdi>9780827238183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ultimate+Things&rft.pub=Chalice+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780827238183&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ptXKwTlfqwC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCollins1984" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John J. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9r_Zs7T1nCMC&pg=PA106"><i>Daniel: With an Introduction to Apocalyptic Literature</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802800206" title="Special:BookSources/9780802800206"><bdi>9780802800206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel%3A+With+an+Introduction+to+Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780802800206&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9r_Zs7T1nCMC%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2000" class="citation book cs1">Crawford, Sidnie White (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA72">"Apocalyptic"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apocalyptic&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Sidnie+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFoster2020" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Paul (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qpMMEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA81">"The Eschatology of the Gospel of Matthew"</a>. In Ferda, Tucker; Frayer-Griggs, Daniel; C. Johnson, Nathan (eds.). <i>"To Recover What Has Been Lost"</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004444010" title="Special:BookSources/9789004444010"><bdi>9789004444010</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Eschatology+of+the+Gospel+of+Matthew&rft.btitle=%22To+Recover+What+Has+Been+Lost%22&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9789004444010&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqpMMEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis2004" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Scott M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTi20Nb3Rh4C&pg=PA17"><i>The Mother of All Theology</i></a>. Paulist Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809142286" title="Special:BookSources/9780809142286"><bdi>9780809142286</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mother+of+All+Theology&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780809142286&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Scott+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZTi20Nb3Rh4C%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinton2006" class="citation book cs1">Linton, Gregory L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHLZob88C44C&pg=PA35">"Reading the Apocalypse as Apocalypse"</a>. In Barr, David L. (ed.). <i>The Reality of Apocalypse: Rhetoric and Politics in the Book of Revelation</i>. Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589832183" title="Special:BookSources/9781589832183"><bdi>9781589832183</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reading+the+Apocalypse+as+Apocalypse&rft.btitle=The+Reality+of+Apocalypse%3A+Rhetoric+and+Politics+in+the+Book+of+Revelation&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781589832183&rft.aulast=Linton&rft.aufirst=Gregory+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzHLZob88C44C%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNajman2014" class="citation book cs1">Najman, Hindy (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6dbYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA37">"The Inheritance of Prophecy in Apocalypse"</a>. In Collins, John Joseph (ed.). <i>The Oxford Handbook of Apocalyptic Literature</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-985649-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-985649-7"><bdi>978-0-19-985649-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Inheritance+of+Prophecy+in+Apocalypse&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Apocalyptic+Literature&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-985649-7&rft.aulast=Najman&rft.aufirst=Hindy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6dbYAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRedditt2008" class="citation book cs1">Redditt, Paul L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bKM_VJt9e3kC&pg=PA188"><i>Introduction to the Prophets</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802828965" title="Special:BookSources/9780802828965"><bdi>9780802828965</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Prophets&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780802828965&rft.aulast=Redditt&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbKM_VJt9e3kC%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2011" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, Bennie (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZTi20Nb3Rh4C&pg=PA17"><i>Between Symbolism and Realism: The Use of Symbolic and Non-Symbolic Language in Ancient Jewish Apocalypses 333-63 B.C.E.</i></a> Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4228-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8091-4228-6"><bdi>978-0-8091-4228-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Symbolism+and+Realism%3A+The+Use+of+Symbolic+and+Non-Symbolic+Language+in+Ancient+Jewish+Apocalypses+333-63+B.C.E.&rft.pub=Vandenhoeck+%26+Ruprecht&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8091-4228-6&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Bennie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZTi20Nb3Rh4C%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApocalypse" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">Cyberattack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberterrorism" title="Cyberterrorism">Cyberterrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybergeddon" title="Cybergeddon">Cybergeddon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_goo" title="Gray goo">Gray goo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_applications_of_nanotechnology#Weapons" title="Industrial applications of nanotechnology">Nanoweapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment" title="Kinetic bombardment">Kinetic bombardment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_energy_weapon" title="Kinetic energy weapon">Kinetic energy weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_assured_destruction" title="Mutual assured destruction">Mutual assured destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Hand" title="Dead Hand">Dead Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Clock" title="Doomsday Clock">Doomsday Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_device" title="Doomsday device">Doomsday device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimatter_weapon" title="Antimatter weapon">Antimatter weapon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_pulse" title="Electromagnetic pulse">Electromagnetic pulse</a> (EMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_high-energy_particle_collision_experiments" title="Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments">Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micro_black_hole" title="Micro black hole">Micro black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangelet" title="Strangelet">Strangelet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_intelligence" title="Synthetic intelligence">Synthetic intelligence</a> / <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropogenic_hazard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthropogenic hazard">Anthropogenic hazard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapsology" title="Collapsology">Collapsology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_argument" title="Doomsday argument">Doomsday argument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self-indication_assumption_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-referencing_doomsday_argument_rebuttal" title="Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal">Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_collapse" title="Economic collapse">Economic collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusian catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order (conspiracy theory)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_holocaust" title="Nuclear holocaust">Nuclear holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_bomb" title="Cobalt bomb">cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_famine" title="Nuclear famine">famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_winter" title="Nuclear winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_collapse" title="Societal collapse">Societal collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_collapse" title="State collapse">State collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_III" title="World War III">World War III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_apocalypse" title="Climate apocalypse">Ecological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Climate_variability_and_change" title="Climate variability and change">Climate change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anoxic_event" title="Anoxic event">Anoxic event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_mortality_event" title="Mass mortality event">Mass mortality event</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_effect_(ecology)" title="Cascade effect (ecology)">Cascade effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclysmic_pole_shift_hypothesis" title="Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis">Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse" title="Climate change and civilizational collapse">Climate change and civilizational collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_risk_from_climate_change" title="Extinction risk from climate change">Extinction risk from climate change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the_climate_system" title="Tipping points in the climate system">Tipping points in the climate system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">Flood basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_dimming" title="Global dimming">Global dimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_terrestrial_stilling" title="Global terrestrial stilling">Global terrestrial stilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypercane" title="Hypercane">Hypercane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocide" title="Ecocide">Ecocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_collapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological collapse">Ecological collapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">Human impact on the environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_with_coral_reefs" title="Environmental issues with coral reefs">coral reefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_marine_life" title="Human impact on marine life">on marine life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">Land degradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_consumption" title="Land consumption">Land consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_surface_effects_on_climate" title="Land surface effects on climate">Land surface effects on climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_acidification" title="Ocean acidification">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_depletion" title="Resource depletion">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">Sea level rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervolcano" title="Supervolcano">Supervolcano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_winter" title="Volcanic winter">winter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verneshot" title="Verneshot">Verneshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">Water pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">Water scarcity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Earth_Overshoot_Day" title="Earth Overshoot Day">Earth Overshoot Day</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">Overexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpopulation" title="Overpopulation">Overpopulation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">Human overpopulation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">Extinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extinction_event" title="Extinction event">Extinction event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocene_extinction" title="Holocene extinction">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_extinction" title="Human extinction">Human extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extinction_events" title="List of extinction events">List of extinction events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_erosion" title="Genetic erosion">Genetic erosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_pollution" title="Genetic pollution">Genetic pollution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">Biodiversity loss</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_amphibian_populations" title="Decline in amphibian populations">Decline in amphibian populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_in_insect_populations" title="Decline in insect populations">Decline in insect populations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_risk" title="Biotechnology risk">Biotechnology risk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_agent" title="Biological agent">Biological agent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioterrorism" title="Bioterrorism">Bioterrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_collapse_disorder" title="Colony collapse disorder">Colony collapse disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defaunation" title="Defaunation">Defaunation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Dysgenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interplanetary_contamination" title="Interplanetary contamination">Interplanetary contamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_decline" title="Pollinator decline">Pollinator decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronomical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Crunch" title="Big Crunch">Big Crunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Rip" title="Big Rip">Big Rip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronal_mass_ejection" title="Coronal mass ejection">Coronal mass ejection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmological_phase_transition" title="Cosmological phase transition">Cosmological phase transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_storm" title="Geomagnetic storm">Geomagnetic storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_vacuum_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="False vacuum decay">False vacuum decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst" title="Gamma-ray burst">Gamma-ray burst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe" title="Heat death of the universe">Heat death of the universe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_decay" title="Proton decay">Proton decay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_black_hole" title="Virtual black hole">Virtual black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Asteroid impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction" title="Asteroid impact prediction">Asteroid impact prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_hazardous_object" title="Potentially hazardous object">Potentially hazardous object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_winter" title="Impact winter">winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_planet" title="Rogue planet">Rogue planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergalactic_star" title="Intergalactic star">Rogue star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_supernova" title="Near-Earth supernova">Near-Earth supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypernova" title="Hypernova">Hypernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronova" title="Micronova">Micronova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">Solar flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_collision" title="Stellar collision">Stellar collision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eschatology" title="Eschatology">Eschatological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_eschatology" title="Buddhist eschatology">Buddhist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya" title="Maitreya">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Ages_of_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Ages of Buddhism">Three Ages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_eschatology" title="Hindu eschatology">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalki" title="Kalki">Kalki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">1 Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Daniel" title="Book of Daniel">Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abomination_of_desolation" title="Abomination of desolation">Abomination of desolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy_of_Seventy_Weeks" title="Prophecy of Seventy Weeks">Prophecy of Seventy Weeks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_eschatology" title="Christian eschatology">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(Christianity)" title="Futurism (Christianity)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(Christianity)" title="Historicism (Christianity)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historicist_interpretations_of_the_Book_of_Revelation" title="Historicist interpretations of the Book of Revelation">Interpretations of Revelation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idealism_(Christian_eschatology)" title="Idealism (Christian eschatology)"> Idealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preterism" title="Preterism">Preterism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_sin" title="Man of sin">Man of sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katechon" title="Katechon">Katechon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antichrist" title="Antichrist">Antichrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Horsemen_of_the_Apocalypse" title="Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse">Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">Lake of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">Number of the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_bowls" title="Seven bowls">Seven bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_seals" title="Seven seals">Seven seals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_(Revelation)" title="The Beast (Revelation)">The Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_witnesses" title="Two witnesses">Two witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Heaven" title="War in Heaven">War in Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whore_of_Babylon" title="Whore of Babylon">Whore of Babylon</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apostasy" title="Great Apostasy">Great Apostasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Earth_(Christianity)" title="New Earth (Christianity)">New Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a> <ul><li><a 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href="/wiki/Jewish_eschatology" title="Jewish eschatology">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Messiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">War of Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Temple" title="Third Temple">Third Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k" title="Ragnarök">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frashokereti" title="Frashokereti">Zoroastrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saoshyant" title="Saoshyant">Saoshyant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_end_times_prediction" title="2011 end times prediction">2011 end times prediction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_phenomenon" title="2012 phenomenon">2012 phenomenon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apocalypse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypticism" title="Apocalypticism">Apocalypticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armageddon" title="Armageddon">Armageddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_moon_prophecy" title="Blood moon prophecy">Blood moon prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Changes" title="Earth Changes">Earth Changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk" title="Global catastrophic risk">End time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog" title="Gog and Magog">Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_apocalyptic_events" title="List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events">List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">Messianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Age" title="Messianic Age">Messianic Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennialism" title="Millennialism">Millennialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Premillennialism" title="Premillennialism">Premillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amillennialism" title="Amillennialism">Amillennialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmillennialism" title="Postmillennialism">Postmillennialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis (hypothetical star)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibiru_cataclysm" title="Nibiru cataclysm">Nibiru cataclysm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapture" title="Rapture">Rapture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapture#Prewrath_premillennialism" title="Rapture">Prewrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posttribulation_rapture" title="Posttribulation rapture">Posttribulation rapture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_resurrection" title="Universal resurrection">Resurrection of the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_to_come" title="World to come">World to come</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fictional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">List of apocalyptic films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster films</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_disaster_films" title="List of disaster films">List of disaster films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_apocalypse" title="Zombie apocalypse">Zombie apocalypse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie" title="Zombie">Zombie</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Threat_Initiative" title="Nuclear Threat Initiative">Nuclear Threat Initiative</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster" title="Disaster">Disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_depression" title="Economic depression">Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis" title="Financial crisis">Financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_crisis" title="Social crisis">Social crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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