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searchaux" style="display:none">Medieval, early modern European title</div> <p>A <b>Burgess</b> was the holder of a certain status in an English or Scottish <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and the early modern period, designating someone of the <a href="/wiki/Burgher_(social_class)" title="Burgher (social class)">burgher</a> class. It originally meant a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">freeman</a> of a borough or <a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">burgh</a>, but later came to be used mostly for office-holders in a town or one of its representatives in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons" title="House of Commons">House of Commons</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_England">Usage in England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage in England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson,_3rd_Baronet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson%2C_3rd_Baronet.jpg/220px-Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson%2C_3rd_Baronet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson%2C_3rd_Baronet.jpg/330px-Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson%2C_3rd_Baronet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson%2C_3rd_Baronet.jpg/440px-Atchievement_of_Sir_William_Anson%2C_3rd_Baronet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Anson,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Anson, 3rd Baronet">Sir William Anson</a> was, among other things, "...One of the Burgesses of the University of Oxford," in 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>In England, burgess meant an <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a> or unelected <a href="/wiki/Official" title="Official">official</a> of a borough, or the <a href="/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">representative</a> of one in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usage of "burgess" has since disappeared. Burgesses as freemen had the sole right to vote in municipal or parliamentary elections. However, in Britain and Ireland these special privileges were removed by the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Reform Act 1832</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_Scotland">Usage in Scotland<span class="anchor" id="Burgess_(Scotland)"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage in Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burgesses were originally <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">freeman</a> inhabitants of a city in which they owned land and who contributed to the running of the town and its taxation. The title of <i>burgess</i> was later restricted to merchants and craftsmen, so that only burgesses could enjoy the privileges of trading or practising a craft in the city through belonging to a <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> (by holding a guild ticket) or were able to own companies trading in their guild's craft.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One example are the <a href="/wiki/Burgess_of_Edinburgh" title="Burgess of Edinburgh">Burgesses of Edinburgh</a>. </p><p>The burgesses' ancient <i>exclusive</i> trading rights through their Guilds were abolished in 1846. Thereafter a burgess became a title that gave social standing to the office and usually carried with it a role which involved charitable activities of their guild or livery company, as it does today.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_American_colonies">Usage in American colonies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage in American colonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term was also used in some of the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a>, a "burgess" was a member of the legislative body, which was termed the "<a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgesses" title="House of Burgesses">House of Burgesses</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, the Burgess, or Chief Burgess, was the executive of many colonial-era municipalities until the turn of the 20th century, and persists in some places as the highest ranking <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a> of a municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word was derived in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Middle_Scots" title="Middle Scots">Middle Scots</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old French language">Old French</a> word <i>burgeis</i>, simply meaning "an inhabitant of a town" (cf. <i>burgeis</i> or <i>burges</i> respectively). The Old French word <i>burgeis</i> is derived from <i>bourg</i>, meaning a <a href="/wiki/Market_town" title="Market town">market town</a> or medieval village, itself derived from <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> <i>burgus</i>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortress">fortress</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "wall". In effect, the reference was to the north-west European medieval and renaissance <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchant</a> class which tended to set up their storefronts along the outside of the city wall, where traffic through the gates was an advantage and safety in event of an attack was easily accessible. The right to seek shelter within a burg was known as the <i>right of burgess</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term was close in meaning to the Germanic term <i><a href="/wiki/Burgher_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgher (title)">burgher</a></i>, a formally defined class in medieval German cities (<a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Dutch language">Middle Dutch</a> <i>burgher</i>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> <i>burger</i> and <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> <i>Bürger</i>). It is also linguistically close to the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> term <i><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">bourgeois</a></i>, which evolved from <i>burgeis</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Greensleeves"_reference"><span id=".22Greensleeves.22_reference"></span>"Greensleeves" reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: "Greensleeves" reference"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original version of the well-known English folk song "<a href="/wiki/Greensleeves" title="Greensleeves">Greensleeves</a>" includes the following: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Thy purse and eke thy gay guilt knives,<br /> thy pincase gallant to the eye:<br /> No better wore the Burgesse wives,<br /> and yet thou wouldst not love me. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>This clearly implies that at the time when it was composed (late 16th to early 17th century) a burgess was proverbial as being able to provide his wife with beautiful and expensive clothes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burgher_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Burgher (title)">Burgher (title)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_of_Brussels" title="Bourgeois of Brussels">Bourgeois of Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poorter" title="Poorter">Poorter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Burgesses" title="House of Burgesses">House of Burgesses</a> of Virginia, the first elected legislative assembly in the New World</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">Borough</a> and <a href="/wiki/Burh" title="Burh">Burg</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Taill_of_the_Uponlandis_Mous_and_the_Burges_Mous" title="The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous">The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous</a>", a poem from <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> which partly satirised the class.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgage" title="Burgage">Burgage</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Burgess"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Burgess">"Burgess" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 814.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Burgess&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=814&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgess+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Archives The Mitchell Library, North Street, Glasgow.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Archives The Mitchell Library, North Street, Glasgow.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Archives The Mitchell Library, North Street, Glasgow.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="American Heritage Dictionary">American Heritage Dictionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBücher1912" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Karl_B%C3%BCcher" title="Karl Bücher">Bücher, Carl</a> (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/industrialevolut00bcuoft"><i>Industrial Evolution</i></a>. S. Morley Wickett (translator) (<i>Die Entstehung der Volkswirtschaft</i>. Translated from the third German ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/industrialevolut00bcuoft/page/116">116</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-03</span></span>. <q>burgess-rights.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Evolution&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=116&rft.edition=%27%27Die+Entstehung+der+Volkswirtschaft%27%27.+Translated+from+the+third+German&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Co.&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=B%C3%BCcher&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findustrialevolut00bcuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABurgess+%28title%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/burgess" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:burgess"><i>burgess</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&oldid=1257857522">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burgess_(title)&oldid=1257857522</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles" title="Category:Titles">Titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estates_(social_groups)" title="Category:Estates (social groups)">Estates (social groups)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_titles" title="Category:Medieval titles">Medieval titles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bourgeoisie" title="Category:Bourgeoisie">Bourgeoisie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 23:59<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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