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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="والتر وانگر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="والتر وانگر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1" title="والتر وانجر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="والتر وانجر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC" title="ウォルター・ウェンジャー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウォルター・ウェンジャー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Wanger" title="Walter Wanger – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Walter Wanger" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1351511#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22">"Walter Wanger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Walter+Wanger%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Walter+Wanger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Walter Wanger</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Wanger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/36/Wanger.jpg/220px-Wanger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/36/Wanger.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="306" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Walter Feuchtwanger</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1894-07-11</span>)</span>July 11, 1894<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 18, 1968<span style="display:none">(1968-11-18)</span> (aged 74)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Film producer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Justine_Johnstone" title="Justine Johnstone">Justine Johnstone</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1919; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1938)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Joan_Bennett" title="Joan Bennett">Joan Bennett</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1965)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Walter Wanger</b> (born <b>Walter Feuchtwanger</b>; July 11, 1894 – November 18, 1968) was an American film producer active from the 1910s, his career concluding with the turbulent production of <i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a>,</i> his last film, in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He began at <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a> in the 1920s and eventually worked at virtually every major studio as either a contract producer or an independent. He also served as President of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> from 1939 to October 1941 and from December 1941 to 1945. Strongly influenced by European films, Wanger developed a reputation as an intellectual and a socially conscious movie executive who produced provocative message movies and glittering romantic melodramas. He achieved notoriety when, in 1951, he shot and wounded the agent of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bennett" title="Joan Bennett">Joan Bennett</a>, because he suspected they were having an affair. He was convicted of the crime and served a four-month sentence, then returned to making movies. </p><p> After his death, his production company, Walter Wanger Productions, was sold to and absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Time_Life" title="Time Life">Time-Life Films</a>, which also acquired many films produced by him and that company. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style></p><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanger was born <b>Walter Feuchtwanger</b> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>. He was the son of Stella (Stettheimer) and Sigmund Feuchtwanger, who were from <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">German Jewish</a> families that had emigrated to the United States in the nineteenth century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanger was from a non-observant Jewish family, and later attended <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Episcopalian</a> services with his wife. In order to assimilate into American society, his mother altered the family name to Wanger in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wangers were well-connected and upper middle class, something which later differentiated Wanger from the other Jewish film moguls who came from more ordinary backgrounds. </p><p>Wanger attended <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_New_Hampshire" title="Hanover, New Hampshire">Hanover, New Hampshire</a>, where he was a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Laboratory_Theatre" title="Dartmouth Laboratory Theatre">Dartmouth Laboratory Theatre</a>. After leaving college, Wanger became a professional <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_producer" title="Theatrical producer">theatrical producer</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> where he worked with figures such as the influential British manager <a href="/wiki/Harley_Granville-Barker" title="Harley Granville-Barker">Harley Granville-Barker</a> and the Russian actress <a href="/wiki/Alla_Nazimova" title="Alla Nazimova">Alla Nazimova</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">American entry into World War I</a> in 1917, Wanger served with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> in <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a> initially in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Signal_Corps" title="United States Army Signal Corps">Signal Corps</a> where he worked as a pilot on <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">reconnaissance</a> missions,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later in <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> operations directed at the Italian public. It was during this period that Wanger first came into contact with filmmaking. In April 1918 Wanger was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Committee_on_Public_Information" title="Committee on Public Information">Committee on Public Information</a>, and joined an effort to combat anti-war or pro-German sentiment in Allied Italy. This was partly accomplished through a series of short <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">propaganda films</a> screened in Italian cinemas promoting democracy and Allied war aims.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Allied victory, Wanger returned to the United States in 1919 and was discharged from the army. Wanger married <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a> actress <a href="/wiki/Justine_Johnstone" title="Justine Johnstone">Justine Johnstone</a> in 1919. He initially returned to theatre production, before a chance meeting with <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">film producer</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lasky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Lasky">Jesse Lasky</a> drew him into the world of commercial filmmaking.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lasky was impressed with Wanger's ideas and his experiences in the theatre, and hired him to head a New York office vetting and acquiring books and plays for use as film stories for <a href="/wiki/Famous_Players%E2%80%93Lasky" title="Famous Players–Lasky">Famous Players–Lasky</a> (later to become <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a>), which was then the largest film production company in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Walter_Wanger" title="Special:EditPage/Walter Wanger">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22">"Walter Wanger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Walter+Wanger%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Walter+Wanger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paramount">Paramount</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Paramount"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanger's job at <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount</a> was to help meet the studio's large annual requirement for fresh stories. One of Wanger's major successes in his early years with the company was his identification of the British novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_(novel)" title="The Sheik (novel)">The Sheik</a></i> as a story with potential. In 1921, it was turned into an <a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_(film)" title="The Sheik (film)">extremely successful film</a> starring <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino">Rudolph Valentino</a>. The film helped establish the popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Orientalism" title="Orientalism">Orientalist</a> genre, which Wanger returned to a number of times during his career.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1921, Wanger was unhappy with the terms he was receiving and left his job with Paramount. He travelled to <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a> where he worked as a prominent cinema and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre manager">theatre manager</a> until 1924. While on a visit to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, Paramount key founder <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Lasky" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Lasky">Jesse Lasky</a> offered to appoint him as "general manager of production" on improved terms and Wanger accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wanger's second spell with Paramount lasted from 1924 to 1931, during which time his annual wage rose from $150,000 to $250,000.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was tasked with overseeing the work of the studio heads, which meant he had little involvement with the production of individual films. Because he was based in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, Wanger worked more closely with the company's <a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Astoria_Studios" title="Kaufman Astoria Studios">Astoria Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>. A rivalry developed between Wanger-influenced Astoria productions and those of <a href="/wiki/B.P._Schulberg" class="mw-redirect" title="B.P. Schulberg">B.P. Schulberg</a> who ran the Paramount productions in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the mid-1920s, the company was rapidly overtaken by the recently formed <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> as the industry's leading company and this along with heavy losses incurred on big-budget films, led to Paramount's executives decision in 1927 to eventually close the New York operation and shift all production to Hollywood. Wanger opposed this move and felt he was being squeezed out of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1926, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a> premièred <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Juan_(1926_film)" title="Don Juan (1926 film)">Don Juan</a></i>, a film with music and sound effects, and the following year released <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i> with dialogue and singing scenes. Along with other big companies, Paramount initially resisted adopting <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound films</a> and continued to exclusively make <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent ones</a>. Wanger convinced his colleagues of the importance of sound, and personally oversaw the conversion of 1928 silent baseball film <i><a href="/wiki/Warming_Up_(1928_film)" title="Warming Up (1928 film)">Warming Up</a></i> to sound.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sound version had synchronized music and sound effects without dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the film's successful release, the company switched dramatically away from silent to sound. </p><p>After being closed for a year, the Astoria Studios were re-opened in 1929 to make sound films, taking advantage of their close proximity to <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> where many actors were recruited to appear in early Talkies. Wanger recruited large numbers of new performers including <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colbert" title="Claudette Colbert">Claudette Colbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_MacDonald" title="Jeanette MacDonald">Jeanette MacDonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Hopkins" title="Miriam Hopkins">Miriam Hopkins</a> and directors such as <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanger's New York films were often adapted from stage plays and focused on sophisticated comedies, often with European settings, while Schulberg concentrated on more populist stories in Hollywood. As the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> hit the film industry in the early 1930s, the Astoria Studios increasingly struggled to produce box office hits, and in December 1931 it was closed down again. Wanger had been informed that his contract would not be renewed, and he had already left the company.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Columbia">Columbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Columbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After leaving Paramount, Wanger tried unsuccessfully to set himself up as an <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent</a>. Unable to secure financing for films, he joined <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a> in December 1931. Wanger was recruited by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cohn" title="Harry Cohn">Harry Cohn</a>, the studio's co-founder, who wanted to move Columbia away from its <a href="/wiki/Poverty_Row" title="Poverty Row">Poverty Row</a> past by producing several special, large-budget productions each year to complement the bulk of the studio's <a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">low-budget films</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wanger was to take on a greater personal role in individual films than he had previously, although he always attempted to give directors and screenwriters creative freedom. In general his efforts were overshadowed by the more successful films made by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> for the studio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Success_at_MGM_and_independent_producer">Success at MGM and independent producer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Success at MGM and independent producer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Wanger left Columbia, he worked on two successful films at Metro Goldwyn Mayer, which was the most successful Hollywood studio at the time. His best known work there is <i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_(film)" title="Queen Christina (film)">Queen Christina</a></i>, a costume drama starring MGM's top female star at the time, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>. Wanger was responsible for enlisting director <a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a> to direct the picture and when released to theatre's in 1933, Queen Christina was a huge success, bringing a profit of over $600,000 and garnering much critical acclaim, establishing Wanger as a successful Hollywood producer. His other film at the studio was Gabriel Over the White House, which starred Walter Huston as the president of the United States who becomes a fascist maintaining world peace after a car accident. Wanger would become well known for his education over entertainment pictures that often carried social messages and while Gabriel Over the White House became a critical and commercial hit, it faded into obscurity due to Adolf Hitler's rise to power that same year. </p><p>Wanger, now established as a Hollywood producer, set himself up as independent for a second time, more successfully. His pictures reached a commercial and critical peak form the late 30's to the mid 40's with films like Algiers, Stagecoach, Foreign Correspondent, Arabian Nights, and Scarlet Street under his belt with his Walter Wanger Productions. He was able to obtain a contract star with Charles Boyer who signed to the producer in 1935 for a 5 year contract made a star under Wanger with films like Shanghai and his famous performance as thief on the run Pepe Le Moko in Algiers which garnered Boyer an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a leading role. Wanger also collaborated with German director Fritz Lang on films like Scarlet Street which was a huge hit for the duo. Wanger pioneered social commentary in films and also introduced the first Technicolor film to be filmed outdoors with The Trail of the Lonesome Pine which made Henry Fonda and Fred MacMurray stars. Wanger was also a huge help to Universal Pictures in the 1940s, introducing Technicolor to them with Arabian Nights, as well as producing the aforementioned Scarlet Street for them, and other hits like Eagle Squadron. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Walter_Wanger" title="Special:EditPage/Walter Wanger">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Wanger was given an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Academy Award">Honorary Academy Award</a> in 1946 for his six years service as president of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a>. He refused another honorary Oscar in 1949 for <i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(1948_film)" title="Joan of Arc (1948 film)">Joan of Arc</a></i>, out of anger over the fact that the film, which he felt was one of his best, had not been nominated for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His 1958 production of <i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> starred <a href="/wiki/Susan_Hayward" title="Susan Hayward">Susan Hayward</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_debate_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment debate in the United States">anti-capital punishment</a> film that is one of the more highly regarded films on the subject. Hayward won her only <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Oscar</a> for her role in the film. </p><p>In 1963, Wanger was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a> for his production of <i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a></i>. </p><p>In May 1966, Wanger received the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Commendation of the Order of Merit</a>, Italy's third-highest honor, from Consul General Alvaro v. Bettrani, "for your friendship and cooperation with the Italian government in all phases of the motion picture industry."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanger married silent film actress <a href="/wiki/Justine_Johnstone" title="Justine Johnstone">Justine Johnstone</a> in 1919.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They divorced in 1938, and in 1940, he married actress <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bennett" title="Joan Bennett">Joan Bennett</a> whom he divorced in 1965. They had two daughters, Stephanie (born 1943) and Shelley Antonia (born 1948), and Wanger adopted Bennett's daughter, Diana (born 1928), by her marriage to John Fox. </p><p>Wanger died of a heart attack, aged 74, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. He was interred in the <a href="/wiki/Home_of_Peace_Cemetery_(Colma,_California)" title="Home of Peace Cemetery (Colma, California)">Home of Peace Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colma,_California" title="Colma, California">Colma, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scandal">Scandal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-One_source plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-one_source" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Walter_Wanger" title="Talk:Walter Wanger">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22">"Walter Wanger"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Walter+Wanger%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Walter+Wanger%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Walter+Wanger%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1951, Wanger made headlines for shooting at <a href="/wiki/Jennings_Lang" title="Jennings Lang">Jennings Lang</a>, agent of Wanger's wife <a href="/wiki/Joan_Bennett" title="Joan Bennett">Joan Bennett</a>. Formerly the vice president of the <a href="/wiki/Sam_Jaffe_(producer)" title="Sam Jaffe (producer)">Jaffe Agency</a>, Lang had become the head of <a href="/wiki/MCA_Inc." title="MCA Inc.">MCA</a>'s West Coast television operations. On the afternoon of December 13, 1951, Bennett and Lang had a meeting to talk over an upcoming television show. </p><p>Wanger, who saw the parked car of his wife, waited there until Bennett came back to her car, in company of Lang. In a fit of jealousy Wanger walked up and shot and wounded Lang. One bullet hit him in the right thigh, near the hip, and the other penetrated his groin. Lang was taken to a hospital, where he recovered. The police, who had heard the shots, came to the scene and found the gun in Bennett's car when they took Wanger into custody. Wanger was booked and fingerprinted, and underwent lengthy questioning. He was booked on suspicion of assault with intent to commit murder. </p><p>"I shot him because I thought he was breaking up my home," Wanger told the chief of police of Beverly Hills. Bennett denied a romance, however. "But if Walter thinks the relationships between Mr. Lang and myself are romantic or anything but strictly business, he is wrong," she declared. She blamed the trouble on financial setbacks involving film productions Wanger was involved with, and said he was on the verge of a nervous breakdown. The following day Wanger, out on bond, returned to their <a href="/wiki/Holmby_Hills,_Los_Angeles" title="Holmby Hills, Los Angeles">Holmby Hills</a> home, collected his belongings and moved out. Bennett, however, said there would not be a divorce. </p><p>On December 14, Bennett issued a statement in which she said she hoped her husband "will not be blamed too much" for wounding her agent. Wanger's attorney, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Giesler" title="Jerry Giesler">Jerry Giesler</a>, mounted a "temporary insanity" defense. Wanger served a four-month sentence in the <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Pitchess_Detention_Center" title="Peter J. Pitchess Detention Center">County Honor Farm</a> at <a href="/wiki/Castaic,_California" title="Castaic, California">Castaic</a>. During this time period <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mirisch" title="Walter Mirisch">Walter Mirisch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Monogram_Pictures" title="Monogram Pictures">Allied Artists</a> had Wanger's name put on <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Pacific_(film)" title="Kansas Pacific (film)"><i>Kansas Pacific</i></a> (1953) as a producer, although he was still in prison. This allowed Wanger to receive a producer's billing, salary and profit participation.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entire experience with the criminal charges and jail sentence affected Wanger profoundly, and in 1954 he made the <a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">prison film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Riot_in_Cell_Block_11" title="Riot in Cell Block 11">Riot in Cell Block 11</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partial_filmography">Partial filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Partial filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_(film)" title="The Sheik (film)">The Sheik</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts" title="The Cocoanuts">The Cocoanuts</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Lies_(film)" title="The Lady Lies (film)">The Lady Lies</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roadhouse_Nights" title="Roadhouse Nights">Roadhouse Nights</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarnished_Lady" title="Tarnished Lady">Tarnished Lady</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Merry-Go-Round_(film)" title="Washington Merry-Go-Round (film)">Washington Merry-Go-Round</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Over_the_White_House" title="Gabriel Over the White House">Gabriel Over the White House</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bitter_Tea_of_General_Yen" title="The Bitter Tea of General Yen">The Bitter Tea of General Yen</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Hollywood" title="Going Hollywood">Going Hollywood</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_(film)" title="Queen Christina (film)">Queen Christina</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_President_Vanishes_(film)" title="The President Vanishes (film)">The President Vanishes</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Private_Worlds" title="Private Worlds">Private Worlds</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Every_Night_at_Eight" title="Every Night at Eight">Every Night at Eight</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_(1935_film)" title="Shanghai (1935 film)">Shanghai</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_(1936_film)" title="Palm Springs (1936 film)">Palm Springs</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trail_of_the_Lonesome_Pine_(1936_film)" title="The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)">The Trail of the Lonesome Pine</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_Is_Made_at_Night_(1937_film)" title="History Is Made at Night (1937 film)">History Is Made at Night</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stand-In" title="Stand-In">Stand-In</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blockade_(1938_film)" title="Blockade (1938 film)">Blockade</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trade_Winds_(1938_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Winds (1938 film)">Trade Winds</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Met_My_Love_Again" title="I Met My Love Again">I Met My Love Again</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternally_Yours_(film)" title="Eternally Yours (film)">Eternally Yours</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Correspondent_(film)" title="Foreign Correspondent (film)">Foreign Correspondent</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slightly_Honorable" title="Slightly Honorable">Slightly Honorable</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Voyage_Home" title="The Long Voyage Home">The Long Voyage Home</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_Across_the_Bay" title="The House Across the Bay">The House Across the Bay</a></i> (1940)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sundown_(1941_film)" title="Sundown (1941 film)">Sundown</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadron_(film)" title="Eagle Squadron (film)">Eagle Squadron</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(1942_film)" title="Arabian Nights (1942 film)">Arabian Nights</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We%27ve_Never_Been_Licked" title="We've Never Been Licked">We've Never Been Licked</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gung_Ho!_(1943_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gung Ho! (1943 film)">Gung Ho!</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ladies_Courageous" title="Ladies Courageous">Ladies Courageous</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome_Where_She_Danced" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome Where She Danced">Salome Where She Danced</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Street" title="Scarlet Street">Scarlet Street</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_in_Paradise_(1946_film)" title="Night in Paradise (1946 film)">Night in Paradise</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Passage" title="Canyon Passage">Canyon Passage</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash-Up,_the_Story_of_a_Woman" title="Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman">Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Moment" title="The Lost Moment">The Lost Moment</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Beyond_the_Door" title="Secret Beyond the Door">Secret Beyond the Door</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tap_Roots" title="Tap Roots">Tap Roots</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(1948_film)" title="Joan of Arc (1948 film)">Joan of Arc</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_(film)" title="Tulsa (film)">Tulsa</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror_(film)" title="Reign of Terror (film)">Reign of Terror</a></i> (aka <i>The Black Book</i>) (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reckless_Moment" title="The Reckless Moment">The Reckless Moment</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_the_Iron_Mask" title="Lady in the Iron Mask">Lady in the Iron Mask</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Zone_(film)" title="Battle Zone (film)">Battle Zone</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Pacific_(film)" title="Kansas Pacific (film)">Kansas Pacific</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fort_Vengeance" title="Fort Vengeance">Fort Vengeance</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riot_in_Cell_Block_11" title="Riot in Cell Block 11">Riot in Cell Block 11</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Hajji_Baba" title="The Adventures of Hajji Baba">The Adventures of Hajji Baba</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers" title="Invasion of the Body Snatchers">Invasion of the Body Snatchers</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navy_Wife_(1956_film)" title="Navy Wife (1956 film)">Navy Wife</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wanger-Walter">"Wanger, Walter"</a>. <i>Britannica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Wanger%2C+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWanger-Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Wanger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;view=reslist;subview=standard;didno=uw-whs-us0136an;focusrgn=bioghist;cc=wiarchives;byte=313596550">"Archival Resources in Wisconsin: Descriptive Finding Aids"</a>. <i>Digicoll.library.wisc.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digicoll.library.wisc.edu&rft.atitle=Archival+Resources+in+Wisconsin%3A+Descriptive+Finding+Aids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi%2Ff%2Ffindaid%2Ffindaid-idx%3Fc%3Dwiarchives%3Bview%3Dreslist%3Bsubview%3Dstandard%3Bdidno%3Duw-whs-us0136an%3Bfocusrgn%3Dbioghist%3Bcc%3Dwiarchives%3Bbyte%3D313596550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Wanger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 23–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 31–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 35–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 41–43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 44–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 49–53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WarmingUp1928.html">Progressive Silent Film List: <i>Warming Up</i></a> at silentera.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bernstein 2000, pp. 75–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooker2011" class="citation book cs1">Booker, Keith M. (March 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y04MQEgHbZsC&q=walter+wanger+honorary+academy+award&pg=PA398"><i>Historical Dictionary of American Cinema</i></a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810874596" title="Special:BookSources/9780810874596"><bdi>9780810874596</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+American+Cinema&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.isbn=9780810874596&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=Keith+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY04MQEgHbZsC%26q%3Dwalter%2Bwanger%2Bhonorary%2Bacademy%2Baward%26pg%3DPA398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Wanger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein1994" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Matthew (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w27EXh2bXCoC&q=Wanger+received+the+Commendation+of+the+Order+of+Merit&pg=PA301-IA13"><i>Walter Wanger: Hollywood Independent</i></a>. U of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452904689" title="Special:BookSources/9781452904689"><bdi>9781452904689</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walter+Wanger%3A+Hollywood+Independent&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9781452904689&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw27EXh2bXCoC%26q%3DWanger%2Breceived%2Bthe%2BCommendation%2Bof%2Bthe%2BOrder%2Bof%2BMerit%26pg%3DPA301-IA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalter+Wanger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0911137/">Walter Wanger</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 49 Mirisch, Walter <i>I Thought We Were Making Movies, Not History</i> 2008 University of Wisconsin Press</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bernstein, Matthew. <i>Walter Wanger: Hollywood Independent</i>. St. Paul, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52008-127-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52008-127-7">978-0-52008-127-7</a>.</li> <li>Schatz, Thomas. <i>The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era</i>. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-39453-979-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-39453-979-9">978-0-39453-979-9</a>.</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/~ichriss">Chrissochoidis, Ilias</a> (ed.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3673046/The_Cleopatra_Files_Selected_Documents_from_the_Spyros_P._Skouras_Archive">The </a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3673046/The_Cleopatra_Files_Selected_Documents_from_the_Spyros_P._Skouras_Archive">Cleopatra<i> Files:</i></a><i> Selected Documents from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/~ichriss/Skouras.htm">Spyros P. Skouras</a> Archive</i>. Stanford, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-61582-919-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-61582-919-7">978-0-61582-919-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book">Book</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>My Life with Cleopatra</i>, by Walter Wanger and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hyams" title="Joe Hyams">Joe Hyams</a>. Publisher: Bantam, 1963. ASIN: B0007EIVZ0</li> <li><i>My Life with Cleopatra: The Making of a Hollywood Classic</i>, by Walter Wanger, Joe Hyams and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Turan" title="Kenneth Turan">Kenneth Turan</a> (Afterword). Publisher: Vintage; Reprint edition, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0345804058" title="Special:BookSources/0345804058">0345804058</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Wanger&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0911137/">Walter Wanger</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cobbles.com/simpp_archive/walter-wanger_shooting.htm">Article on Wanger shooting Jennings Lang</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Non-profit organization positions </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Academy_of_Motion_Pictures,_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences">President of Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences</a> </b><br />1939–1941 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bette_Davis" title="Bette Davis">Bette Davis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Bette Davis</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Academy_of_Motion_Pictures,_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences">President of Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts and Sciences</a> </b><br />1941–1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc;">Other offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Bob Hope <br /> <a href="/wiki/12th_Academy_Awards" title="12th Academy Awards">12th Academy Awards</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Oscars</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Academy_Awards_ceremonies" title="List of Academy Awards ceremonies">host</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/13th_Academy_Awards" title="13th Academy Awards">13th Academy Awards</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/14th_Academy_Awards" title="14th Academy Awards">14th Academy Awards</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351511#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1945" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351511#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351511#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080955093">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/15575719">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/172086/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyRBYqwxwXJ9jqhKP4KBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119239604">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85199162">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13611708r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13611708r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1089572">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p182353656">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810641836005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007443881005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA09299334?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_119239604">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119239604">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/055823084">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6571khx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_produced_by_Walter_Wanger35" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Walter_Wanger" title="Template:Walter Wanger"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Walter_Wanger" title="Template talk:Walter Wanger"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Walter_Wanger" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Walter Wanger"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_produced_by_Walter_Wanger35" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films produced by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Wanger</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sheik_(film)" title="The Sheik (film)">The Sheik</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cocoanuts" title="The Cocoanuts">The Cocoanuts</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_Lies_(film)" title="The Lady Lies (film)">The Lady Lies</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Applause_(1929_film)" title="Applause (1929 film)">Applause</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roadhouse_Nights" title="Roadhouse Nights">Roadhouse Nights</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarnished_Lady" title="Tarnished Lady">Tarnished Lady</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Merry-Go-Round_(film)" title="Washington Merry-Go-Round (film)">Washington Merry-Go-Round</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Over_the_White_House" title="Gabriel Over the White House">Gabriel Over the White House</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bitter_Tea_of_General_Yen" title="The Bitter Tea of General Yen">The Bitter Tea of General Yen</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Hollywood" title="Going Hollywood">Going Hollywood</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Language" title="Another Language">Another Language</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Christina_(film)" title="Queen Christina (film)">Queen Christina</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_President_Vanishes_(film)" title="The President Vanishes (film)">The President Vanishes</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Private_Worlds" title="Private Worlds">Private Worlds</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smart_Girl_(film)" title="Smart Girl (film)">Smart Girl</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Every_Night_at_Eight" title="Every Night at Eight">Every Night at Eight</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_(1935_film)" title="Shanghai (1935 film)">Shanghai</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burns,_Fugitive" title="Mary Burns, Fugitive">Mary Burns, Fugitive</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon%27s_Our_Home" title="The Moon's Our Home">The Moon's Our Home</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Her_Master%27s_Voice" title="Her Master's Voice">Her Master's Voice</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Mrs._Ames" title="The Case Against Mrs. Ames">The Case Against Mrs. Ames</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatal_Lady" title="Fatal Lady">Fatal Lady</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs_(1936_film)" title="Palm Springs (1936 film)">Palm Springs</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trail_of_the_Lonesome_Pine_(1936_film)" title="The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (1936 film)">The Trail of the Lonesome Pine</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brown_Eyes" title="Big Brown Eyes">Big Brown Eyes</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spendthrift_(film)" title="Spendthrift (film)">Spendthrift</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Only_Live_Once_(1937_film)" title="You Only Live Once (1937 film)">You Only Live Once</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wanger%27s_Vogues_of_1938" title="Walter Wanger's Vogues of 1938">Vogues of 1938</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_Is_Made_at_Night_(1937_film)" title="History Is Made at Night (1937 film)">History Is Made At Night</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stand-In" title="Stand-In">Stand-In</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(film)" title="52nd Street (film)">52nd Street</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trade_Winds_(film)" title="Trade Winds (film)">Trade Winds</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blockade_(1938_film)" title="Blockade (1938 film)">Blockade</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Algiers_(1938_film)" title="Algiers (1938 film)">Algiers</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Met_My_Love_Again" title="I Met My Love Again">I Met My Love Again</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_(1939_film)" title="Stagecoach (1939 film)">Stagecoach</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Winter_Carnival_(film)" title="Winter Carnival (film)">Winter Carnival</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eternally_Yours_(film)" title="Eternally Yours (film)">Eternally Yours</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Correspondent_(film)" title="Foreign Correspondent (film)">Foreign Correspondent</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Long_Voyage_Home" title="The Long Voyage Home">The Long Voyage Home</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slightly_Honorable" title="Slightly Honorable">Slightly Honorable</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_Across_the_Bay" title="The House Across the Bay">The House Across the Bay</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sundown_(1941_film)" title="Sundown (1941 film)">Sundown</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadron_(film)" title="Eagle Squadron (film)">Eagle Squadron</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Nights_(1942_film)" title="Arabian Nights (1942 film)">Arabian Nights</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We%27ve_Never_Been_Licked" title="We've Never Been Licked">We've Never Been Licked</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gung_Ho!" title="Gung Ho!">Gung Ho!</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ladies_Courageous" title="Ladies Courageous">Ladies Courageous</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_Street" title="Scarlet Street">Scarlet Street</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salome,_Where_She_Danced" title="Salome, Where She Danced">Salome, Where She Danced</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_in_Paradise_(1946_film)" title="Night in Paradise (1946 film)">Night in Paradise</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Passage" title="Canyon Passage">Canyon Passage</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smash-Up,_the_Story_of_a_Woman" title="Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman">Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Moment" title="The Lost Moment">The Lost Moment</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tap_Roots" title="Tap Roots">Tap Roots</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(1948_film)" title="Joan of Arc (1948 film)">Joan of Arc</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secret_Beyond_the_Door" title="Secret Beyond the Door">Secret Beyond the Door</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Reckless_Moment" title="The Reckless Moment">The Reckless Moment</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror_(film)" title="Reign of Terror (film)">Reign of Terror</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_(film)" title="Tulsa (film)">Tulsa</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aladdin_and_His_Lamp" title="Aladdin and His Lamp">Aladdin and His Lamp</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_in_the_Iron_Mask" title="Lady in the Iron Mask">Lady in the Iron Mask</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Zone_(film)" title="Battle Zone (film)">Battle Zone</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fort_Vengeance" title="Fort Vengeance">Fort Vengeance</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Pacific_(film)" title="Kansas Pacific (film)">Kansas Pacific</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riot_in_Cell_Block_11" title="Riot in Cell Block 11">Riot in Cell Block 11</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Hajji_Baba" title="The Adventures of Hajji Baba">The Adventures of Hajji Baba</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Body_Snatchers" title="Invasion of the Body Snatchers">Invasion of the Body Snatchers</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navy_Wife_(1956_film)" title="Navy Wife (1956 film)">Navy Wife</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_(1963_film)" title="Cleopatra (1963 film)">Cleopatra</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Honorary_Award73" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Template talk:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Honorary Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Honorary_Award73" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Honorary_Award" title="Academy Honorary Award">Academy Honorary Award</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1928–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple">Shirley Temple</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_March_of_Time" title="The March of Time">The March of Time</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_Rosson" title="Harold Rosson">Harold Rosson</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bergen" title="Edgar Bergen">Edgar Bergen</a> / <a href="/wiki/W._Howard_Greene" title="W. Howard Greene">W. Howard Greene</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art_Department_of_Film" title="Museum of Modern Art Department of Film">Museum of Modern Art Film Library</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mack_Sennett" title="Mack Sennett">Mack Sennett</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Ball_(inventor)" title="Joseph A. Ball (inventor)">J. Arthur Ball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Jennings" title="Gordon Jennings">Gordon Jennings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jan_Domela" title="Jan Domela">Jan Domela</a>, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, <a href="/wiki/Farciot_Edouart" title="Farciot Edouart">Farciot Edouart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyal_Griggs" title="Loyal Griggs">Loyal Griggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loren_L._Ryder" title="Loren L. Ryder">Loren L. Ryder</a>, Harry D. Mills, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Mesenkop" title="Louis Mesenkop">Louis Mesenkop</a>, Walter Oberst / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_T._Marsh" title="Oliver T. Marsh">Oliver T. Marsh</a> and Allen Davey / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warner" title="Harry Warner">Harry Warner</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Cameron_Menzies" title="William Cameron Menzies">William Cameron Menzies</a> / <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_%26_Television_Fund" title="Motion Picture & Television Fund">Motion Picture Relief Fund</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Morgan" title="Ralph Morgan">Ralph Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Block" title="Ralph Block">Ralph Block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Nagel" title="Conrad Nagel">Conrad Nagel</a>) / <a href="/wiki/Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Technicolor SA</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Garity" title="William Garity">William Garity</a>, John N. A. Hawkins, and the <a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA Manufacturing Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> and his associates / Rey Scott / <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Information (United Kingdom)">British Ministry of Information</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Boyer" title="Charles Boyer">Charles Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a> / <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Margaret_O%27Brien" title="Margaret O'Brien">Margaret O'Brien</a> (1944)</li> <li>Republic Studio, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Bloomberg" title="Daniel J. Bloomberg">Daniel J. Bloomberg</a>, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_I_Live_In_(1945_film)" title="The House I Live In (1945 film)">The House I Live In</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Ann_Garner" title="Peggy Ann Garner">Peggy Ann Garner</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Russell" title="Harold Russell">Harold Russell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lubitsch" title="Ernst Lubitsch">Ernst Lubitsch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Claude_Jarman_Jr." title="Claude Jarman Jr.">Claude Jarman Jr.</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baskett" title="James Baskett">James Baskett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Armat" title="Thomas Armat">Thomas Armat</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Selig" title="William Selig">William Nicholas Selig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Smith_(producer)" title="Albert E. Smith (producer)">Albert E. Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Kirke_Spoor" title="George Kirke Spoor">George Kirke Spoor</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Coo" title="Bill and Coo">Bill and Coo</a></i> / <i><a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Walter Wanger</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a></i> / <a href="/wiki/Sid_Grauman" title="Sid Grauman">Sid Grauman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Zukor" title="Adolph Zukor">Adolph Zukor</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Hersholt" title="Jean Hersholt">Jean Hersholt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille" title="Cecil B. DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">The Bicycle Thief</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_B._Mayer" title="Louis B. Mayer">Louis B. Mayer</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a></i> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a></i> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merian_C._Cooper" title="Merian C. Cooper">Merian C. Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Lloyd" title="Harold Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a> / George Mitchell / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_M._Schenck" title="Joseph M. Schenck">Joseph M. Schenck</a> / <i><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century-Fox Film Corporation</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bell_%26_Howell" title="Bell & Howell">Bell & Howell Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Breen" title="Joseph Breen">Joseph Breen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pete_Smith_(film_producer)" title="Pete Smith (film producer)">Pete Smith</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bausch_%26_Lomb" title="Bausch & Lomb">Bausch & Lomb Optical Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/Danny_Kaye" title="Danny Kaye">Danny Kaye</a> / Kemp Niver / <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jon_Whiteley" title="Jon Whiteley">Jon Whiteley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Winter" title="Vincent Winter">Vincent Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)"><i>Gate of Hell</i></a> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Cantor" title="Eddie Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Broncho_Billy_Anderson" title="Broncho Billy Anderson">Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brackett" title="Charles Brackett">Charles Brackett</a> / <a href="/wiki/B._B._Kahane" title="B. B. Kahane">B. B. Kahane</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Chevalier" title="Maurice Chevalier">Maurice Chevalier</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buster_Keaton" title="Buster Keaton">Buster Keaton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Cooper" title="Gary Cooper">Gary Cooper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stan_Laurel" title="Stan Laurel">Stan Laurel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Mills" title="Hayley Mills">Hayley Mills</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Hendricks" title="William L. Hendricks">William L. Hendricks</a> / Fred L. Metzler / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Tuttle" title="William J. Tuttle">William J. Tuttle</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakima_Canutt" title="Yakima Canutt">Yakima Canutt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Y._Frank_Freeman" title="Y. Frank Freeman">Y. Frank Freeman</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Freed" title="Arthur Freed">Arthur Freed</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chambers_(make-up_artist)" title="John Chambers (make-up artist)">John Chambers</a> / <a href="/wiki/Onna_White" title="Onna White">Onna White</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gish" title="Lillian Gish">Lillian Gish</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> (1971)</li> <li>Charles S. Boren / <a href="/wiki/Edward_G._Robinson" title="Edward G. Robinson">Edward G. Robinson</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Langlois" title="Henri Langlois">Henri Langlois</a> / <a href="/wiki/Groucho_Marx" title="Groucho Marx">Groucho Marx</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Pickford" title="Mary Pickford">Mary Pickford</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Booth" title="Margaret Booth">Margaret Booth</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Lantz" title="Walter Lantz">Walter Lantz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art Department of Film</a> (1978)</li> <li>Hal Elias / <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Rooney" title="Mickey Rooney">Mickey Rooney</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Roach" title="Hal Roach">Hal Roach</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stewart" title="James Stewart">James Stewart</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Paul Newman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alex_North" title="Alex North">Alex North</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Eastman Kodak Company</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Myrna_Loy" title="Myrna Loy">Myrna Loy</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Kerr" title="Deborah Kerr">Deborah Kerr</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kidd" title="Michael Kidd">Michael Kidd</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lehman" title="Ernest Lehman">Ernest Lehman</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O'Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Edwards" title="Blake Edwards">Blake Edwards</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Boyle" title="Robert F. Boyle">Robert F. Boyle</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Bacall" title="Lauren Bacall">Lauren Bacall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Corman" title="Roger Corman">Roger Corman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Willis" title="Gordon Willis">Gordon Willis</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brownlow" title="Kevin Brownlow">Kevin Brownlow</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eli_Wallach" title="Eli Wallach">Eli Wallach</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(make-up_artist)" title="Dick Smith (make-up artist)">Dick Smith</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._A._Pennebaker" title="D. A. Pennebaker">D. A. Pennebaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hal_Needham" title="Hal Needham">Hal Needham</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens_Jr." title="George Stevens Jr.">George Stevens Jr.</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steve_Martin" title="Steve Martin">Steve Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Piero_Tosi" title="Piero Tosi">Piero Tosi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gena_Rowlands" title="Gena Rowlands">Gena Rowlands</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Chan" title="Jackie Chan">Jackie Chan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Stalmaster" title="Lynn Stalmaster">Lynn Stalmaster</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anne_V._Coates" title="Anne V. Coates">Anne V. Coates</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Burnett_(director)" title="Charles Burnett (director)">Charles Burnett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Owen_Roizman" title="Owen Roizman">Owen Roizman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Varda" title="Agnès Varda">Agnès Varda</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Levy_(publicist)" title="Marvin Levy (publicist)">Marvin Levy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lalo_Schifrin" title="Lalo Schifrin">Lalo Schifrin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wes_Studi" title="Wes Studi">Wes Studi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lina_Wertm%C3%BCller" title="Lina Wertmüller">Lina Wertmüller</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Jackson" title="Samuel L. Jackson">Samuel L. Jackson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Elaine_May" title="Elaine May">Elaine May</a> / <a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euzhan_Palcy" title="Euzhan Palcy">Euzhan Palcy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diane_Warren" title="Diane Warren">Diane Warren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Littleton" title="Carol Littleton">Carol Littleton</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a> / <a href="/wiki/Juliet_Taylor" title="Juliet Taylor">Juliet Taylor</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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