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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toponymy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Derivation_of_Great" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Derivation_of_Great"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Derivation of <i>Great</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Derivation_of_Great-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use_of_the_term_Great_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use_of_the_term_Great_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Modern use of the term <i>Great Britain</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use_of_the_term_Great_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Political definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistoric_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistoric period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_and_medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_and_medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Roman and medieval period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_and_medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fungi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Fungi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Video links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Britain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 154 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot-Brittanje" title="Groot-Brittanje – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groot-Brittanje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grossbritannien_(Insel)" title="Grossbritannien (Insel) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grossbritannien (Insel)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%B3%E1%88%8B%E1%89%81_%E1%89%A5%E1%88%AA%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ታላቁ ብሪታን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ታላቁ ብሪታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryten" title="Bryten – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Bryten" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%89" title="بريطانيا العظمى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريطانيا العظمى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granta-Bretagna" title="Granta-Bretagna – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Granta-Bretagna" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Breta%C3%B1a" title="Gran Bretaña – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gran Bretaña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyret%C3%A1%C3%B1a_Guasu" title="Vyretáña Guasu – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vyretáña Guasu" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6y%C3%BCk_Britaniya_(ada)" title="Böyük Britaniya (ada) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Böyük Britaniya (ada)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بؤیوک بریتانیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بؤیوک بریتانیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="গ্রেট ব্রিটেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রেট ব্রিটেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i_Put-lia%CC%8Dt-tian" title="Tāi Put-lia̍t-tian – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi Put-lia̍t-tian" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83)" title="Бөйөк Британия (утрау) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бөйөк Британия (утрау)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Вялікабрытанія (востраў) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вялікабрытанія (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Вялікабрытанія (востраў) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вялікабрытанія (востраў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Великобритания (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Великобритания (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velika_Britanija" title="Velika Britanija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Velika Britanija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breizh-Veur" title="Breizh-Veur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Breizh-Veur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Bretanya" title="Gran Bretanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gran Bretanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2)" title="Аслă Британи (утрав) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аслă Британи (утрав)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Britanya" title="Gran Britanya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gran Britanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velk%C3%A1_Brit%C3%A1nie_(ostrov)" title="Velká Británie (ostrov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Velká Británie (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Great Britain" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prydain_Fawr" title="Prydain Fawr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prydain Fawr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbritannien_(%C3%B8)" title="Storbritannien (ø) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storbritannien (ø)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9" title="بريطانيا لعضيمة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بريطانيا لعضيمة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fbritannien_(Insel)" title="Großbritannien (Insel) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großbritannien (Insel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelika_Britaniska_(kupa)" title="Wjelika Britaniska (kupa) – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wjelika Britaniska (kupa)" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4" title="बेलायत – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बेलायत" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurbritannia_saar" title="Suurbritannia saar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suurbritannia saar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μεγάλη Βρετανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλη Βρετανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Breta%C3%B1a" title="Gran Bretaña – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gran Bretaña" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britio_(insulo)" title="Britio (insulo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Britio (insulo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britainia_Handia" title="Britainia Handia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Britainia Handia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="بریتانیای کبیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریتانیای کبیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande-Bretagne" title="Grande-Bretagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Grande-Bretagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grut-Brittanje_(eil%C3%A2n)" title="Grut-Brittanje (eilân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grut-Brittanje (eilân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhreatain" title="An Bhreatain – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhreatain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vretyn_Vooar" title="Yn Vretyn Vooar – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vretyn Vooar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breatainn_Mh%C3%B2r" title="Breatainn Mhòr – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Breatainn Mhòr" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Breta%C3%B1a" title="Gran Bretaña – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gran Bretaña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0_%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌰 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Britain-t%C3%B3" title="Thai Britain-tó – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai Britain-tó" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8%EB%B8%8C%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%BC%EC%84%AC" title="그레이트브리튼섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그레이트브리튼섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%AE_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%AF%D5%B2%D5%A6%D5%AB)" title="Մեծ Բրիտանիա (կղզի) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեծ Բրիտանիա (կղզի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulkobritaniska_(kupa)" title="Wulkobritaniska (kupa) – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wulkobritaniska (kupa)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velika_Britanija_(otok)" title="Velika Britanija (otok) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Velika Britanija (otok)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Britania" title="Gran Britania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gran Britania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Britania_Raya" title="Pulau Britania Raya – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Britannia" title="Grande Britannia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grande Britannia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B3ra-Bretland" title="Stóra-Bretland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stóra-Bretland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Bretagna" title="Gran Bretagna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gran Bretagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94" title="בריטניה הגדולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריטניה הגדולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Britania" title="Gran Britania – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Gran Britania" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="დიდი ბრიტანეთი (კუნძული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დიდი ბრიტანეთი (კუნძული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Ұлыбритания (арал) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлыбритания (арал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breten_Veur" title="Breten Veur – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Breten Veur" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania" title="Britania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Britania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grann-Bretagn" title="Grann-Bretagn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Grann-Bretagn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%AEtanya_Mezin" title="Brîtanya Mezin – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Brîtanya Mezin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Bretania_(ijula)" title="Gran Bretania (ijula) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Gran Bretania (ijula)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_Maior" title="Britannia Maior – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Britannia Maior" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lielbrit%C4%81nija_(sala)" title="Lielbritānija (sala) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lielbritānija (sala)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groussbritannien_(Insel)" title="Groussbritannien (Insel) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Groussbritannien (Insel)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="ЧӀехибритания (остров) – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="ЧӀехибритания (остров)" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Did%C5%BEioji_Britanija_(sala)" title="Didžioji Britanija (sala) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Didžioji Britanija (sala)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groe%C3%ABt-Brittanni%C3%AB" title="Groeët-Brittannië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Groeët-Brittannië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C3%A1ni-Mon%C9%9B%CC%81n%C9%9B" title="Británi-Monɛ́nɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Británi-Monɛ́nɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuri-Britanii" title="Suuri-Britanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Suuri-Britanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Bretagna" title="Gran Bretagna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gran Bretagna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit-sziget" title="Brit-sziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brit-sziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Велика Британија (остров) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Велика Британија (остров)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britaina_Lehibe" title="Britaina Lehibe – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Britaina Lehibe" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BA" title="ഗ്രേറ്റ് ബ്രിട്ടൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രേറ്റ് ബ്രിട്ടൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेट ब्रिटन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ग्रेट ब्रिटन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98)" title="დიდი ბრიტანეთი (კოკი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიდი ბრიტანეთი (კოკი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%D9%89" title="بريطانيا العظمى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بريطانيا العظمى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87" title="گت بريتانيا جزيره – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گت بريتانيا جزيره" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain_(pulau)" title="Great Britain (pulau) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Great Britain (pulau)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2i_B%C3%B3k-li%C4%95k-di%C4%95ng" title="Dâi Bók-liĕk-diĕng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâi Bók-liĕk-diĕng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%85_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Их Британи (арал) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Их Британи (арал)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ဂရိတ်ဗြိတိန်ကျွန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂရိတ်ဗြိတိန်ကျွန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB_(eiland)" title="Groot-Brittannië (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groot-Brittannië (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groot-Brittannie" title="Groot-Brittannie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Groot-Brittannie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्रेट ब्रिटेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E5%B3%B6" title="グレートブリテン島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グレートブリテン島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratbritanien" title="Gratbritanien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gratbritanien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbritannia_(%C3%B8y)" title="Storbritannia (øy) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Storbritannia (øy)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98ya_Storbritannia" title="Øya Storbritannia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Øya Storbritannia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Br%C3%A9tangne" title="Grande Brétangne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Grande Brétangne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Bretanha" title="Grand Bretanha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grand Bretanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyuk_Britaniya_oroli" title="Buyuk Britaniya oroli – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buyuk Britaniya oroli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਗ੍ਰੇਟ ਬ੍ਰਿਟੇਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ੍ਰੇਟ ਬ੍ਰਿਟੇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="ब्रिटेन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ब्रिटेन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%88%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="وڈا برطانیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وڈا برطانیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande-Bertanne" title="Grande-Bertanne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Grande-Bertanne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Br%C3%ABtagna" title="Gran Brëtagna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gran Brëtagna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikpela_Briten" title="Bikpela Briten – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Bikpela Briten" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grootbritannien" title="Grootbritannien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grootbritannien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wielka_Brytania_(wyspa)" title="Wielka Brytania (wyspa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wielka Brytania (wyspa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A3-Bretanha" title="Grã-Bretanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grã-Bretanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull%C4%B1_Britaniya" title="Ullı Britaniya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ullı Britaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Britanie" title="Marea Britanie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Britanie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bari_Britaniya" title="Bari Britaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bari Britaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronda_Britannia" title="Gronda Britannia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Gronda Britannia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatun_Pirita%C3%B1a" title="Hatun Piritaña – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hatun Piritaña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Велика Британия (остров) – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Велика Британия (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Великобритания (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Великобритания (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peret%C4%81nia_Tele" title="Peretānia Tele – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Peretānia Tele" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="ग्रेट् ब्रिटन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ग्रेट् ब्रिटन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit%C3%A0nnia_Manna" title="Britànnia Manna – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Britànnia Manna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Breetain" title="Great Breetain – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Great Breetain" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_e_Madhe" title="Britania e Madhe – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Britania e Madhe" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Britagna_(%C3%ACsula)" title="Gran Britagna (ìsula) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gran Britagna (ìsula)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD" title="මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය දූපත – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය දූපත" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Great Britain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="عظيم برطانيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عظيم برطانيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C4%BEk%C3%A1_Brit%C3%A1nia_(ostrov)" title="Veľká Británia (ostrov) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Veľká Británia (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velika_Britanija" title="Velika Britanija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Velika Britanija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelgo_Bryta%C5%84ijo_(wyspa)" title="Wjelgo Brytańijo (wyspa) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wjelgo Brytańijo (wyspa)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B2%D9%86" title="بەریتانیای مەزن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەریتانیای مەزن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Велика Британија (острво) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Велика Британија (острво)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britanija_(otok)" title="Britanija (otok) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Britanija (otok)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britania_Raya" title="Britania Raya – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Britania Raya" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso-Britannia_(saari)" title="Iso-Britannia (saari) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iso-Britannia (saari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storbritannien_(%C3%B6)" title="Storbritannien (ö) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Storbritannien (ö)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Britanya" title="Gran Britanya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gran Britanya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="பெரிய பிரித்தானியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெரிய பிரித்தானியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bri%E1%B9%ADanya_Tameqqrant" title="Briṭanya Tameqqrant – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Briṭanya Tameqqrant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83)" title="Бөекбритания (утрау) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бөекбритания (утрау)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="บริเตนใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริเตนใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%91%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Бритониёи Кабир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бритониёи Кабир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Britanya" title="Büyük Britanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Büyük Britanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1gba%CC%B1ndang_Bi%CC%B1ri%CC%B1ti%CC%B1n" title="A̱gba̱ndang Bi̱ri̱ti̱n – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱gba̱ndang Bi̱ri̱ti̱n" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D3%B5" title="Великобритания шормуӵ – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Великобритания шормуӵ" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Велика Британія (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Велика Британія (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85%DB%8C" title="جزیرہ برطانیہ عظمی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزیرہ برطانیہ عظمی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Anh_(%C4%91%E1%BA%A3o)" title="Đại Anh (đảo) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại Anh (đảo)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B4ot-Brittanni%C3%AB" title="Grôot-Brittannië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Grôot-Brittannië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Britanya" title="Gran Britanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gran Britanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A2%A0%E5%B2%9B" title="大不列颠岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="大不列颠岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="גרויסבריטאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרויסבריטאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C3%A9k%C3%B9%E1%B9%A3%C3%B9_Br%C3%ADt%C3%A1n%C3%AC_Ol%C3%B3k%C3%ACk%C3%AD" title="Erékùṣù Brítánì Olókìkí – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Erékùṣù Brítánì Olókìkí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="大不列顛島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="大不列顛島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adey_Britanya_G%C4%B1rde" title="Adey Britanya Gırde – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Adey Britanya Gırde" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%97dliuoj%C4%97_Br%C4%97tan%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Dėdliuojė Brėtanėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dėdliuojė Brėtanėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E5%B3%B6" title="大不列顛島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大不列顛島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britani_Ged%C3%A9_(pulo)" title="Britani Gedé (pulo) – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Britani Gedé (pulo)" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%87%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9C" title="ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Great_Britain&params=54_N_2_W_type:isle_scale:5000000_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°N</span> <span class="longitude">2°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54°N 2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54; -2</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island northwest of continental Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the island. For the state of which it is a part, see <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>. For the historical state, see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Great Britain (disambiguation)">Great Britain (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Great Britain</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="nickname"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:center;"><div style="margin: 0 4em"><span style="font-size:9pt;">Other native names</span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Breten Veur</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">Great Breetain</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Breatainn Mhòr</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Prydain Fawr</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>)</span></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a></li></ul> </div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="418" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_%28cropped%29.jpg/390px-MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_%28cropped%29.jpg/520px-MODIS_-_Great_Britain_-_2012-06-04_during_heat_wave_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2671" data-file-height="4291" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite image">Satellite image</a>, 2012, with <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> to the south-east</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Britain_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Great_Britain_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Great_Britain_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Great_Britain_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Great_Britain_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Great_Britain_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Great_Britain_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">North-western Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Great_Britain&params=54_N_2_W_type:isle_scale:5000000_region:GB"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°N</span> <span class="longitude">2°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54°N 2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54; -2</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Adjacent to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">209,331 km<sup>2</sup> (80,823 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">Area rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9th</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,345 m (4413 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nevis" title="Ben Nevis">Ben Nevis</a>, Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> (pop. 8,866,180 in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">65,685,738 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">Population rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3rd</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">287/km<sup>2</sup> (743/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnic groups</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 82.6% <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 8.8% <a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 3.8% <a href="/wiki/Black_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Black British">Black</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2.7% <a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> 2.0% <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">other</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">(<a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021/22</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Census2021/22_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2021/22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_-_ethnicity_-_England_and_Wales_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census_-_ethnicity_-_England_and_Wales-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2021_census_-_ethnicity_and_religion_-_Scotland_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021_census_-_ethnicity_and_religion_-_Scotland-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time" title="Greenwich Mean Time">Greenwich Mean Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B0" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+0">UTC+0</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Summer_Time" title="British Summer Time">British Summer Time</a> (<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Great Britain</b> (commonly shortened to <b>Britain</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> in the North <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> off the north-west coast of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, consisting of the countries <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. With an area of 209,331 km<sup>2</sup> (80,823 sq mi), it is the largest of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">largest European island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">ninth-largest island in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is dominated by a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime climate">maritime climate</a> with narrow temperature differences between seasons. The island of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, with an area 40 per cent that of Great Britain, is to the west – these islands, along with over <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_British_Isles" title="List of islands of the British Isles">1,000 smaller surrounding islands and named substantial rocks</a>, comprise the British Isles <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Connected to mainland Europe until 9,000 years ago by a <a href="/wiki/Landbridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Landbridge">landbridge</a> now known as <a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great Britain has been inhabited by modern humans for around 30,000 years. In 2011, it had a population of about <span class="nowrap">61 million</span>, making it the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">third-most-populous island</a> after <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ons_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ons-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the most populated island outside of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. </p><p>The term "Great Britain" can also refer to the political territory of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, which includes their offshore islands.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This territory, together with <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, constitutes the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">Terminology of the British Isles</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Britain_(place_name)" title="Britain (place name)">Britain (place name)</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> has been referred to by a single name for over 2000 years: the term '<a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>' derives from terms used by classical geographers to describe this island group. By 50 BC, Greek geographers were using equivalents of <i>Prettanikē</i> as a collective name for the British Isles.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a>, the Latin term <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Britannia" title="Britannia">Britannia</a></i></span> was used for the island of Great Britain, and later <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman-occupied Britain</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Caledonia" title="Caledonia">Caledonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sax1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sax1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known name for Great Britain is <i><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Ἀλβιών</span>) or <i>insula Albionum</i>, from either the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">albus</i></span> meaning "white" (possibly referring to the <a href="/wiki/White_cliffs_of_Dover" class="mw-redirect" title="White cliffs of Dover">white cliffs of Dover</a>, the first view of Britain from the continent) or the "island of the <i>Albiones</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-snyder_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyder-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest mention of terms related to Great Britain was by <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (384–322 BC), or possibly by <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Aristotle" title="Pseudo-Aristotle">Pseudo-Aristotle</a>, in his text <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Universe" title="On the Universe">On the Universe</a></i>, Vol. III. To quote his works, "There are two very large islands in it, called the British Isles, Albion and <a href="/wiki/Ierne_(placename)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ierne (placename)">Ierne</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg/220px-Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg/330px-Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg/440px-Pyth%C3%A9as.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="3146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> geographer, <a href="/wiki/Pytheas_of_Massalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pytheas of Massalia">Pytheas of Massalia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The first known written use of the word Britain was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a> of the original Proto-Celtic term in a work on the travels and discoveries of Pytheas that has not survived. The earliest existing records of the word are quotations of the periplus by later authors, such as those within Strabo's <i><a href="/wiki/Geographica" title="Geographica">Geographica</a></i>, Pliny's <i><a href="/wiki/Naturalis_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalis Historia">Natural History</a></i> and Diodorus of Sicily's <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_historica" title="Bibliotheca historica">Bibliotheca historica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (AD 23–79) in his <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> records of Great Britain: "Its former name was Albion; but at a later period, all the islands, of which we shall just now briefly make mention, were included under the name of 'Britanniæ.'"<sup id="cite_ref-PlinyE(4.41)_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PlinyE(4.41)-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name <i>Britain</i> descends from the Latin name for Britain, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Britannia</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Brittānia</i></span>, the land of the Britons.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">Bretaigne</i></span> (whence also <a href="/wiki/Modern_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern French">Modern French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Bretagne</i></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">Bretayne</i></span>, <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">Breteyne</i></span>. The French form replaced the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Breoton, Breoten, Bryten, Breten</i></span> (also <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Breoton-lond, Breten-lond</i></span>). Britannia was used by the Romans from the 1st century BC for the British Isles taken together. It is derived from the travel writings of Pytheas around 320 BC, which described various islands in the North Atlantic as far north as <a href="/wiki/Thule" title="Thule">Thule</a> (probably <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>). </p><p>The peoples of these islands of <i>Prettanike</i> were called the Πρεττανοί, <i><a href="/wiki/Priteni" class="mw-redirect" title="Priteni">Priteni</a></i> or <i>Pretani</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-snyder_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyder-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Priteni</i> is the source of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> term <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Prydain" title="Prydain">Prydain</a></i></span>, <i>Britain</i>, which has the same source as the <a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a> term <a href="/wiki/Cruithne_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruithne (people)">Cruithne</a> used to refer to the early <a href="/wiki/Brythonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonic languages">Brythonic</a>-speaking inhabitants of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latter were later called <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>. Greek historians <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Diodorus of Sicily">Diodorus of Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> preserved variants of <i>Prettanike</i> from the work of Greek explorer <a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Massalia</a>, who travelled from his home in <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> southern <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gaul</a> to Britain in the 4th century BC. The term used by Pytheas may derive from a Celtic word meaning "the painted ones" or "the tattooed folk" in reference to <a href="/wiki/Woad" class="mw-redirect" title="Woad">body decorations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Strabo, Pytheas referred to Britain as <i>Bretannikē</i>, which is treated a feminine noun.<sup id="cite_ref-LSJBrettanike_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSJBrettanike-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strabo(1.4.2)_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo(1.4.2)-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strabo(4.2.1)_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo(4.2.1)-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strabo(4.4.1)_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo(4.4.1)-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marcian_of_Heraclea" title="Marcian of Heraclea">Marcian of Heraclea</a>, in his <i>Periplus maris exteri</i>, described the island group as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">αἱ Πρεττανικαὶ νῆσοι</span></span> (the Prettanic Isles).<sup id="cite_ref-MarcianPeriplus_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MarcianPeriplus-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Derivation_of_Great">Derivation of <i>Great</i></h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg/220px-Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg/330px-Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg/440px-Ptolemy-british-isles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2283" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>A 1490 Italian reconstruction of the relevant map of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> who combined the lines of roads and of the coasting expeditions during the first century of Roman occupation. Two great faults, however, are an eastward-projecting Scotland and none of Ireland seen to be at the same latitude of Wales, which may have been if Ptolemy used Pytheas' measurements of latitude.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whether he did so is a much debated issue. This "copy" appears in blue below.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Greeks in Egypt">Greco-Egyptian</a> scientist <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> referred to the larger island as <i>great Britain</i> (μεγάλη Βρεττανία <i>megale Brettania</i>) and to Ireland as <i>little Britain</i> (μικρὰ Βρεττανία <i>mikra Brettania</i>) in his work <i><a href="/wiki/Almagest" title="Almagest">Almagest</a></i> (147–148 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his later work, <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 150 AD</span>), he gave the islands the names <i><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Alwion</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hibernia" title="Hibernia">Iwernia</a></i>, and <i>Mona</i> (the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggesting these may have been the names of the individual islands not known to him at the time of writing <i>Almagest</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Albion</i> appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a>, after which <i>Britain</i> became the more commonplace name for the island.<sup id="cite_ref-snyder_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snyder-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Anglo-Saxon period, <i>Britain</i> was used as a historical term only. <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">pseudohistorical</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1136</span>) refers to the island of Great Britain as <i>Britannia major</i> ("Greater Britain"), to distinguish it from <i>Britannia minor</i> ("Lesser Britain"), the continental region which approximates to modern <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and had been settled in the fifth and sixth centuries by <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Briton" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Briton">Celtic Briton</a> migrants from Great Britain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term <i>Great Britain</i> was first used officially in 1474, in the instrument drawing up the proposal for a marriage between <a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV of England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/James_IV_of_Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/James_III_of_Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James III of Scotland</a>, which described it as "this Nobill Isle, callit Gret Britanee". The Scottish philosopher and historian, <a href="/wiki/John_Major_(philosopher)" title="John Major (philosopher)">John Major</a> (Mair), published his 'History of Great Britain, both England and Scotland' (<i>Historia majoris Britanniae, tam Angliae quam Scotiae</i>) in 1521. While promoting a possible royal match in 1548, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Protector Somerset">Lord Protector Somerset</a> said that the English and Scots were, "like as twoo brethren of one Islande of great Britaynes again." In 1604, <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">James VI and I</a> styled himself "King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_use_of_the_term_Great_Britain">Modern use of the term <i>Great Britain</i></h3></div> <p><i>Great Britain</i> refers geographically to the island of Great Britain. Politically, it may refer to the whole of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, including their smaller offshore islands.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not technically correct to use the term to refer to the whole of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> which includes <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, though the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> states "...the term is also used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom."<sup id="cite_ref-oed_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brock_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brock-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, <i><a href="/wiki/Britain_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Britain (disambiguation)">Britain</a></i> can refer to either all islands in Great Britain, the largest island, or the political grouping of countries.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no clear distinction, even in government documents: the UK government yearbooks have used both <i>Britain</i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>United Kingdom</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>GB</i> and <i>GBR</i> are used instead of <i>UK</i> in some international codes to refer to the United Kingdom, including the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a>, international sports teams, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> country codes <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:GB" title="ISO 3166-2:GB">ISO 3166-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-3" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-3">ISO 3166-1 alpha-3</a>, whilst the <a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_registration_prefixes" title="List of aircraft registration prefixes">aircraft registration prefix</a> is G. </p><p>On the Internet, <a href="/wiki/.uk" title=".uk">.uk</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">country code top-level domain</a> for the United Kingdom. A <a href="/wiki/.gb" title=".gb">.gb</a> top-level domain was used to a limited extent, but is now deprecated; although existing registrations still exist (mainly by government organizations and email providers), the domain name registrar will not take new registrations. </p><p>In the Olympics, <i><a href="/wiki/Team_GB" title="Team GB">Team GB</a></i> is used by the <a href="/wiki/British_Olympic_Association" title="British Olympic Association">British Olympic Association</a> to represent the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_at_the_Olympics" title="Great Britain at the Olympics">British Olympic team</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Council_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Council of Ireland">Olympic Federation of Ireland</a> represents the whole <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">island of Ireland</a>, and Northern Irish sportspeople may choose to compete for either team,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most choosing to represent Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_definition">Political definition</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:England,_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/England%2C_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/220px-England%2C_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/England%2C_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/330px-England%2C_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/England%2C_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg/440px-England%2C_Scotland_and_Wales_within_the_UK_and_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption><div style="font-size:11px; text-align: center;">Political definition of Great Britain (dark green)</div><div style="font-size:11px"> – in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (green & dark grey)</div><div style="font-size:11px"> – in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (green)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Politically, <i>Great Britain</i> refers to the whole of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> in combination,<sup id="cite_ref-Key_facts_about_the_United_Kingdom_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Key_facts_about_the_United_Kingdom-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but not <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>; it includes islands, such as the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> and the island groups of <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>, that are part of England, Wales, or Scotland. It does not include the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Key_facts_about_the_United_Kingdom_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Key_facts_about_the_United_Kingdom-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The political union which joined the kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a> occurred in 1707 when the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union</a> ratified the 1706 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> and merged the parliaments of the two nations, forming the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>, which covered the entire island. Before this, a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> had existed between these two countries since the 1603 <a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Crowns" title="Union of the Crowns">Union of the Crowns</a> under <a href="/wiki/James_VI_of_Scotland_and_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="James VI of Scotland and I of England">James VI of Scotland and I of England</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric_period">Prehistoric period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Britain" title="Prehistoric Britain">Prehistoric Britain</a></div> <p><br /> The oldest evidence for <a href="/wiki/Archaic_humans" title="Archaic humans">archaic humans</a> in Britain are the <a href="/wiki/Happisburgh_footprints" title="Happisburgh footprints">Happisburgh footprints</a> and associated stone tools found in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, dating to around 950–850,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 450,000 years ago, Britain formed a peninsular extension of mainland Europe until catastrophic flooding between then and 130,000 years ago resulted in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and Britain becoming an island during warm <a href="/wiki/Interglacial_periods" class="mw-redirect" title="Interglacial periods">interglacial periods</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Last_Interglacial" title="Last Interglacial">Last Interglacial/Eemian</a> (130–115,000 years ago), though it remained connected to mainland Europe during <a href="/wiki/Glacial_periods" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial periods">glacial periods</a> when sea levels were low.<sup id="cite_ref-PhysToday_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhysToday-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaic humans repeatedly occupied Britain before abandoning the area during cooler periods.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern humans">Modern humans</a> arrived in Britain about 40,000 years ago, as evidenced by remains found in <a href="/wiki/Kents_Cavern" title="Kents Cavern">Kents Cavern</a> in Devon, following the disappearance of <a href="/wiki/Neanderthals" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 9,000 years ago Britain retained a land connection to the continent, with an area of mostly low marshland (<a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a>) joining it to what are now <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drowning_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drowning-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> period, Britain was inhabited by hunter gatherers. <a href="/wiki/Early_European_Farmers" title="Early European Farmers">Neolithic farmers</a>, of <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolian</a> origin, arrived in Britain around 4000 BC, replacing the pre-existing hunter gatherers.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 2000 BC, the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Bell_Beaker_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Beaker Culture">Bell Beaker Culture</a> arrived in Britain, which genetic evidence suggests was associated with another episode of nearly complete population replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later significant migration to southern Britain around 1000 BC may have brought the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a> to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, Britain was inhabited by various different <a href="/wiki/Celtic_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic tribes">Celtic tribes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_and_medieval_period">Roman and medieval period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval England">Medieval England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Scotland">Medieval Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Wales">Medieval Wales</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ptolomy's historical map of Roman Britain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg/220px-Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg/330px-Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg/440px-Prima_Europe_tabula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4293" /></a><figcaption><i>Prima Europe tabula</i>. A copy of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s 2nd-century map of Roman Britain. See notes to image above.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Romans conquered most of the island (up to <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> in northern England) and this became the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Roman</a> province of <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britannia</a></i>. In the course of the 500 years after the Roman Empire fell, the <a href="/wiki/Britons" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons">Britons</a> of the south and east of the island were assimilated or displaced by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain" title="Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain">invading</a> <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> tribes (<a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a>, often referred to collectively as <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>). At about the same time, <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic</a> tribes from Ireland invaded the north-west, absorbing both the <a href="/wiki/Picts" title="Picts">Picts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Britons_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (historical)">Britons</a> of northern Britain, eventually forming the Kingdom of Scotland in the 9th century. The south-east of Scotland was colonised by the Angles and formed, until 1018, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Northumbria">Kingdom of Northumbria</a>. Ultimately, the population of south-east Britain came to be referred to as the <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a>, so-named after the Angles. </p><p>Germanic speakers referred to Britons as <i>Welsh</i>. This term came to be applied exclusively to the inhabitants of what is now Wales, but it also survives in names such as <a href="/wiki/Wallace_(surname)" title="Wallace (surname)">Wallace</a> and in the second syllable of <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cymry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cymry">Cymry</a></i>, a name the Britons used to describe themselves, is similarly restricted in modern Welsh to people from Wales, but also survives in English in the place name of <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a>. The Britons living in the areas now known as Wales, Cumbria and Cornwall were not assimilated by the Germanic tribes, a fact reflected in the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_language-death_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic language-death in England">survival of Celtic languages</a> in these areas into more recent times.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis1974_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis1974-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain" title="Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain">Germanic invasion of southern Britain</a>, many Britons emigrated to the area now known as <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>, a Celtic language closely related to Welsh and <a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a> and descended from the language of the emigrants, is still spoken. In the 9th century, a series of Danish assaults on northern English kingdoms led to them coming under Danish control (an area known as the <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>). In the 10th century, however, all the English kingdoms were unified under one ruler as the kingdom of England when the last constituent kingdom, Northumbria, submitted to <a href="/wiki/Edgar_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar I">Edgar</a> in 959. In 1066, England was <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">conquered by the Normans</a>, who introduced a <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>-speaking administration that was eventually assimilated. Wales came under Anglo-Norman control in 1282, and was officially annexed to England in the 16th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_period">Early modern period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_Britain" title="Early modern Britain">Early modern Britain</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History of the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>On 20 October 1604 <a href="/wiki/James_VI_and_I" title="James VI and I">King James</a>, who had succeeded separately to the two thrones of England and Scotland, proclaimed himself "King of Great Brittaine, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and Ireland".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When James died in 1625 and the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_England" title="Privy Council of England">Privy Council of England</a> was drafting the proclamation of the new king, Charles I, a Scottish peer, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Erskine,_1st_Earl_of_Kellie" title="Thomas Erskine, 1st Earl of Kellie">Thomas Erskine, 1st Earl of Kellie</a>, succeeded in insisting that it use the phrase "King of Great Britain", which James had preferred, rather than King of Scotland and England (or vice versa).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While that title was also used by some of James's successors, England and Scotland each remained legally separate countries, each with its own parliament, until 1707, when each parliament passed an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Union_1707" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Union 1707">Act of Union</a> to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a> that had been agreed the previous year. This created a single kingdom with one parliament with effect from 1 May 1707. The Treaty of Union specified the name of the new all-island state as "Great Britain", while describing it as "One Kingdom" and "the United Kingdom". To most historians, therefore, the all-island state that existed between 1707 and 1800 is either "Great Britain" or the "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography of Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography of Wales</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography of the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:France_manche_vue_dover.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/France_manche_vue_dover.JPG/300px-France_manche_vue_dover.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/France_manche_vue_dover.JPG/450px-France_manche_vue_dover.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/France_manche_vue_dover.JPG 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>View of Britain's coast from <a href="/wiki/Cap_Gris-Nez" title="Cap Gris-Nez">Cap Gris-Nez</a> in northern France</figcaption></figure> <p>Great Britain lies on the European continental shelf, part of the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plate</a> and off the north-west coast of <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, separated from this European mainland by the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>, which narrows to 34 km (18 nmi; 21 mi) at the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Dover" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Dover">Straits of Dover</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It stretches over about ten degrees of <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> on its longer, north–south axis and covers 209,331 km<sup>2</sup> (80,823 sq mi), excluding the much smaller surrounding islands.<sup id="cite_ref-unep_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unep-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/North_Channel_(Great_Britain_and_Ireland)" title="North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)">North Channel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Channel" title="St George's Channel">St George's Channel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a> separate the island from the island of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> to its west.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island is since 1993 joined, via one structure, with continental Europe: the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a>, the longest undersea rail tunnel in the world. The island is marked by low, rolling countryside in the east and south, while hills and mountains predominate in the western and northern regions. It is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller <a href="/wiki/Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands">islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islets" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets">islets</a>. The greatest distance between two points is <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>968.0 km (<span class="frac">601<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> mi) (between <a href="/wiki/Land%27s_End" title="Land's End">Land's End</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_o%27_Groats" title="John o' Groats">John o' Groats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a>), 838 miles (1,349 km) by road. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> is thought to have been created between 450,000 and 180,000 years ago by two catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Glacial_lake_outburst_flood" title="Glacial lake outburst flood">glacial lake outburst floods</a> caused by the breaching of the <a href="/wiki/Weald-Artois_Anticline" class="mw-redirect" title="Weald-Artois Anticline">Weald-Artois Anticline</a>, a ridge that held back a large <a href="/wiki/Proglacial_lake" title="Proglacial lake">proglacial lake</a>, now submerged under the North Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 10,000 years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period#Named_local_glaciations" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">Devensian glaciation</a> with its lower <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, Great Britain was not an island, but an upland region of continental north-western Europe, lying partially underneath the Eurasian ice sheet. The sea level was about 120 metres (390 ft) lower than today, and the bed of the North Sea was dry and acted as a land bridge, now known as <a href="/wiki/Doggerland" title="Doggerland">Doggerland</a>, to the Continent. It is generally thought that as sea levels gradually rose after the end of the last glacial period of the current ice age, Doggerland reflooded cutting off what was the British peninsula from the European mainland by around 6500 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-gaffney_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaffney-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology of Great Britain</a></div> <p>Great Britain has been subject to a variety of <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Plate tectonic">plate tectonic</a> processes over a very extended period of time. Changing latitude and sea levels have been important factors in the nature of sedimentary sequences, whilst successive continental collisions have affected <a href="/wiki/Geological_structure_of_Great_Britain" title="Geological structure of Great Britain">its geological structure</a> with major faulting and folding being a legacy of each <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">orogeny</a> (mountain-building period), often associated with <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanic</a> activity and the metamorphism of existing rock sequences. As a result of this eventful geological history, the island shows a rich variety of <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscapes</a>. </p><p>The oldest rocks in Great Britain are the <a href="/wiki/Lewisian_gneiss" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewisian gneiss">Lewisian gneisses</a>, metamorphic rocks found in the far north west of the island and in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> (with a few small outcrops elsewhere), which date from at least 2,700 <abbr title="million years">My</abbr> ago. South of the gneisses are a complex mixture of rocks forming the North West <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grampian" title="Grampian">Grampian</a> Highlands in Scotland. These are essentially the remains of folded <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">sedimentary rocks</a> that were deposited between 1,000 My and 670 My ago over the gneiss on what was then the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_Ocean" title="Iapetus Ocean">Iapetus Ocean</a>. </p><p>In the current era the north of the island is rising <a href="/wiki/Glacial_rebound" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial rebound">as a result of</a> the weight of Devensian ice being lifted. Counterbalanced, the south and east is sinking, generally estimated at 1 mm (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">25</span></span> inch) per year, with the London area sinking at double this partly due to the continuing <a href="/wiki/Compaction_(geology)" title="Compaction (geology)">compaction</a> of the recent clay deposits. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">Fauna of Great Britain</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robin,_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="European robin on a branch facing left, tan plumage with orange face and throat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robin%2C_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg/220px-Robin%2C_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robin%2C_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg/330px-Robin%2C_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Robin%2C_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg/440px-Robin%2C_Leighton_Moss_January_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/European_robin" title="European robin">robin</a> is popularly known as "Britain's favourite bird".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Animal <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">diversity</a> is modest, as a result of factors including the island's small land area, the relatively recent age of the habitats developed since the <a href="/wiki/Last_glacial_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Last glacial period">last glacial period</a> and the island's physical separation from <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">continental Europe</a>, and the effects of seasonal variability.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Great Britain also experienced early <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialisation</a> and is subject to continuing <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a>, which have contributed towards the overall loss of species.<sup id="cite_ref-animals_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Environment,_Food_and_Rural_Affairs" title="Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs">DEFRA</a> (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) study from 2006 suggested that 100 species have become extinct in the UK during the 20th century, about 100 times the <a href="/wiki/Background_extinction_rate" title="Background extinction rate">background extinction rate</a>. However, some species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">brown rat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, and introduced <a href="/wiki/Eastern_gray_squirrel" title="Eastern gray squirrel">grey squirrel</a>, are well adapted to urban areas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rodents" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodents">Rodents</a> make up 40% of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Great_Britain" title="List of mammals of Great Britain">mammal species</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="data source? (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These include <a href="/wiki/Squirrel" title="Squirrel">squirrels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mice" class="mw-redirect" title="Mice">mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vole" title="Vole">voles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> and the recently reintroduced <a href="/wiki/European_beaver" class="mw-redirect" title="European beaver">European beaver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-animals_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an abundance of <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">European rabbit</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_hare" title="European hare">European hare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrews" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrews">shrews</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_mole" title="European mole">European mole</a> and several species of <a href="/wiki/Bat" title="Bat">bat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-animals_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carnivorous mammals include the <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red fox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_badger" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian badger">Eurasian badger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_otter" title="Eurasian otter">Eurasian otter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a> and elusive <a href="/wiki/Scottish_wildcat" title="Scottish wildcat">Scottish wildcat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-else_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-else-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various species of <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">dolphin</a> are found on or around British shores and coastlines. The largest land-based wild animals today are <a href="/wiki/Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a> is the largest species, with <a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe deer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fallow_deer" title="Fallow deer">fallow deer</a> also prominent; the latter was introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-else_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-else-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">Sika deer</a> and two more species of smaller deer, <a href="/wiki/Muntjac" title="Muntjac">muntjac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_water_deer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese water deer">Chinese water deer</a>, have been introduced, muntjac becoming widespread in England and parts of Wales while Chinese water deer are restricted mainly to East Anglia. Habitat loss has affected many species. <a href="/wiki/List_of_extinct_animals_of_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extinct animals of Britain">Extinct large mammals</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Brown_bear" title="Brown bear">brown bear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey wolf">grey wolf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a>; the latter has had a limited reintroduction in recent times.<sup id="cite_ref-animals_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a wealth of <a href="/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Great_Britain" title="List of birds of Great Britain">birdlife</a>, with 628 species recorded,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 258 breed on the island or remain during winter.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its mild winters for its latitude, Great Britain hosts important numbers of many wintering species, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wader" title="Wader">waders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duck" title="Duck">ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goose" title="Goose">geese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other well known bird species include the <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">golden eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_heron" title="Grey heron">grey heron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_kingfisher" title="Common kingfisher">common kingfisher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_wood_pigeon" title="Common wood pigeon">common wood pigeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_robin" title="European robin">European robin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_partridge" title="Grey partridge">grey partridge</a>, and various species of <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finch" title="Finch">finch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">gull</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auk" title="Auk">auk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grouse" title="Grouse">grouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owl" title="Owl">owl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Falcon" title="Falcon">falcon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-birds_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birds-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are six species of <a href="/wiki/List_of_reptiles_of_Great_Britain" title="List of reptiles of Great Britain">reptile</a> on the island; three <a href="/wiki/Snakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Snakes">snakes</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Lizards" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizards">lizards</a> including the legless <a href="/wiki/Slowworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Slowworm">slowworm</a>. One snake, the <a href="/wiki/Vipera_berus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipera berus">adder</a>, is venomous but rarely deadly.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_amphibians_of_Great_Britain" title="List of amphibians of Great Britain">Amphibians</a> present are <a href="/wiki/Common_frog" title="Common frog">frogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_toad" title="Common toad">toads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smooth_newt" title="Smooth newt">newts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-animals_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animals-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also several introduced species of reptile and amphibian.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_vascular_plants_of_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland">List of the vascular plants of Britain and Ireland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heather_(Highlands).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="purple heather in meadow showing flower spikes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Heather_%28Highlands%29.jpg/220px-Heather_%28Highlands%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Heather_%28Highlands%29.jpg/330px-Heather_%28Highlands%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Heather_%28Highlands%29.jpg/440px-Heather_%28Highlands%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2468" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calluna_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Calluna vulgaris">Heather</a> growing wild in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highlands</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dornoch" title="Dornoch">Dornoch</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In a similar sense to fauna, and for similar reasons, the flora consists of fewer species compared to much larger continental Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-floraa_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-floraa-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flora comprises 3,354 <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species, of which 2,297 are native and 1,057 have been introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-frodin_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frodin-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island has a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Trees_of_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Trees of Britain and Ireland">trees</a>, including native species of <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">beech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">hawthorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_yew" class="mw-redirect" title="Common yew">yew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry tree">cherry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple tree">apple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tree_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tree-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other trees have been naturalised, introduced especially from other parts of Europe (particularly Norway) and North America. Introduced trees include several varieties of pine, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_chestnut" title="Sweet chestnut">chestnut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_platanoides" title="Acer platanoides">maple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway_spruce" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway spruce">spruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_pseudoplatanus" title="Acer pseudoplatanus">sycamore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasifera" title="Prunus cerasifera">cherry plum</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_Pear" class="mw-redirect" title="European Pear">pear trees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tree_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tree-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tallest species are the <a href="/wiki/Douglas_fir" title="Douglas fir">Douglas firs</a>; two specimens have been recorded measuring 65 metres or 212 feet.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fortingall_Yew" title="Fortingall Yew">Fortingall Yew</a> in <a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a> is the oldest tree in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are at least 1,500 different species of <a href="/wiki/Wildflower" title="Wildflower">wildflower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flowepow_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flowepow-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 107 species are particularly rare or vulnerable and are protected by the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_and_Countryside_Act_1981" title="Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981">Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981</a>. It is illegal to uproot any wildflowers without the landowner's permission.<sup id="cite_ref-flowepow_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flowepow-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A vote in 2002 nominated various wildflowers to represent specific counties.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include <a href="/wiki/Common_poppy" class="mw-redirect" title="Common poppy">red poppies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_bluebell" class="mw-redirect" title="Common bluebell">bluebells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bellis_perennis" title="Bellis perennis">daisies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Narcissus (genus)">daffodils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bog_rosemary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bog rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorse" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorse">gorse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iris_(plant)" title="Iris (plant)">iris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivy">ivy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchid" title="Orchid">orchids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">brambles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thistle" title="Thistle">thistles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buttercup" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttercup">buttercups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primula_vulgaris" title="Primula vulgaris">primrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulips" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulips">tulips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant)">violets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Primula_veris" title="Primula veris">cowslip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calluna_vulgaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Calluna vulgaris">heather</a> and many more.<sup id="cite_ref-flora_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flora-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br />There is also more than 1000 species of <a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">bryophyte</a> including <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosses" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosses">mosses</a> across the island. The currently known species include 767 mosses, 298 <a href="/wiki/Liverworts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverworts">liverworts</a> and 4 <a href="/wiki/Hornwort" title="Hornwort">hornworts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungi">Fungi</h3></div> <p>There are many species of <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungi</a> including <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichen</a>-forming species, and the mycobiota is less poorly known than in many other parts of the world. The most recent checklist of Basidiomycota (bracket fungi, jelly fungi, mushrooms and toadstools, puffballs, rusts and smuts), published in 2005, accepts over 3600 species.<sup id="cite_ref-legon_&_henrici_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-legon_&_henrici-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most recent checklist of Ascomycota (cup fungi and their allies, including most lichen-forming fungi), published in 1985, accepts another 5100 species.<sup id="cite_ref-cannon,_hawskworth_&_sherwood-pike_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cannon,_hawskworth_&_sherwood-pike-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two lists did not include <a href="/wiki/Conidium" title="Conidium">conidial</a> fungi (fungi mostly with affinities in the Ascomycota but known only in their asexual state) or any of the other main fungal groups (Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota and Zygomycota). The number of fungal species known very probably exceeds 10,000. There is widespread agreement among mycologists that many others are yet to be discovered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demographics of the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> is the capital of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> as a whole, and is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom's government</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Scotland" title="Courts of Scotland">highest courts in Scotland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Holyroodhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace of Holyroodhouse">Palace of Holyroodhouse</a> in Edinburgh is the <a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">official residence</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">British monarch</a> in Scotland. <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> is the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, and is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Largest urban areas</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_areas_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of urban areas in the United Kingdom">List of urban areas in the United Kingdom</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank </th> <th>City-region </th> <th>Built-up area<sup id="cite_ref-BUA_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BUA-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Population<br />(2011 Census) </th> <th>Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Density<br />(people/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater London Urban Area">Greater London</a> </td> <td>9,787,426 </td> <td>1,737.9 </td> <td>5,630 </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>–<a href="/wiki/Salford" title="Salford">Salford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Manchester Urban Area">Greater Manchester</a> </td> <td>2,553,379 </td> <td>630.3 </td> <td>4,051 </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>–<a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="West Midlands Urban Area">West Midlands</a> </td> <td>2,440,986 </td> <td>598.9 </td> <td>4,076 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>–<a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Urban Area">West Yorkshire</a> </td> <td>1,777,934 </td> <td>487.8 </td> <td>3,645 </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Greater_Glasgow" title="Greater Glasgow">Greater Glasgow</a> </td> <td>1,209,143 </td> <td>368.5 </td> <td>3,390 </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool Urban Area">Liverpool</a> </td> <td>864,122 </td> <td>199.6 </td> <td>4,329 </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>–<a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Hampshire" title="South Hampshire">South Hampshire</a> </td> <td>855,569 </td> <td>192.0 </td> <td>4,455 </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>–<a href="/wiki/Sunderland,_Tyne_and_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunderland, Tyne and Wear">Sunderland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyneside" title="Tyneside">Tyneside</a> </td> <td>774,891 </td> <td>180.5 </td> <td>4,292 </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Urban_Area" title="Nottingham Urban Area">Nottingham</a> </td> <td>729,977 </td> <td>176.4 </td> <td>4,139 </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield Urban Area">Sheffield</a> </td> <td>685,368 </td> <td>167.5 </td> <td>4,092 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of England">Languages of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Languages of Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages of Wales</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages of the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>In the Late Bronze Age, Britain was part of a culture called the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bronze_Age" title="Atlantic Bronze Age">Atlantic Bronze Age</a>, held together by maritime trading, which also included Ireland, France, Spain and Portugal. In contrast to the generally accepted view<sup id="cite_ref-Eska2013_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eska2013-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a> originated in the context of the <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a>, since 2009, <a href="/wiki/John_T._Koch" title="John T. Koch">John T. Koch</a> and others have proposed that the origins of the Celtic languages are to be sought in Bronze Age Western Europe, especially the Iberian Peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koch_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koch2009_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koch2009-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Koch et al.'s proposal has failed to find wide acceptance among experts on the Celtic languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Eska2013_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eska2013-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All the modern Brythonic languages (Breton, Cornish, Welsh) are generally considered to derive from a common ancestral language termed <i>Brittonic</i>, <i>British</i>, <i>Common Brythonic</i>, <i>Old Brythonic</i> or <i>Proto-Brythonic</i>, which is thought to have developed from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> or early <a href="/wiki/Insular_Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Celtic">Insular Celtic</a> by the 6th century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brythonic languages were probably spoken before the Roman invasion at least in the majority of Great Britain south of the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Forth" title="River Forth">Forth</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a>, though the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> later had a Goidelic language, <a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a>. Northern Scotland mainly spoke <a href="/wiki/Pritennic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritennic">Pritennic</a>, which became <a href="/wiki/Pictish" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictish">Pictish</a>, which may have been a Brythonic language. During the period of the Roman occupation of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Britain">Southern Britain</a> (AD 43 to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 410</span>), Common Brythonic borrowed a large stock of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> words. Approximately 800 of these Latin loan-words have survived in the three modern Brythonic languages. <i>Romano-British</i> is the name for the Latinised form of the language used by Roman authors. </p><p><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> is spoken in the present day across the island, and developed from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> brought to the island by <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_settlement_of_Britain" title="Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain">Anglo-Saxon settlers</a> from the mid 5th century. Some 1.5 million people speak <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a>—which was indigenous language of Scotland and has become closer to English over centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-SCOTSCENSUS_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SCOTSCENSUS-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-English_Language_1992._p.894_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-English_Language_1992._p.894-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 700,000 people speak <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-WelshStatOverview_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WelshStatOverview-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an official language in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In parts of north west Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> remains widely spoken. There are various regional dialects of English, and numerous languages spoken by some immigrant populations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion in England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion in Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion in Wales</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="stone cathedral oblique view showing two west towers and central tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/220px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/330px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg/440px-Canterbury_Cathedral_-_Portal_Nave_Cross-spire.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3113" data-file-height="2395" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, Great Britain's largest denomination</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> has been the largest religion by number of adherents since the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>: it was introduced under the ancient Romans, developing as <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a>. According to tradition, Christianity arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_2nd_century" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianity in the 2nd century">2nd century</a>. The most popular form is <a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a> (known as <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Episcopal_Church" title="Scottish Episcopal Church">Episcopalism</a> in Scotland). Dating from the 16th-century <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a>, it regards itself as both <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed church">Reformed</a>. The Head of the Church is the monarch of the United Kingdom, as the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor</a>. It has the status of <a href="/wiki/Established_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Established church">established church</a> in England. There are just over 26 million adherents to Anglicanism in Britain today,<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although only around one million regularly attend services. The second largest Christian practice is the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, which traces its history to the 6th century with <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_mission" title="Gregorian mission">Gregorian mission</a>. It was the main religion for around a thousand years. There are over 5 million adherents today, 4.5 million <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholics in England and Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 750,000 in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church in Scotland">Scotland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although fewer than a million Catholics regularly attend <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">mass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="black weathered stone cathedral showing west front stained glass window" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg/220px-St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg/330px-St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg/440px-St._Mungos_Cathedral_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="2146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Cathedral" title="Glasgow Cathedral">Glasgow Cathedral</a>, a meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a>, a form of <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> system of ecclesiastical <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">polity</a>, is the third most numerous on the island with around 2.1 million members.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Introduced in Scotland by clergyman <a href="/wiki/John_Knox" title="John Knox">John Knox</a>, it has the status of national church in Scotland. The monarch of the United Kingdom is represented by a <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord High Commissioner">Lord High Commissioner</a>. <a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Methodism</a> is the fourth largest and grew out of Anglicanism through <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It gained popularity in the old mill towns of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, also amongst tin miners in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterian Church of Wales</a>, which follows <a href="/wiki/Calvinistic_Methodism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinistic Methodism">Calvinistic Methodism</a>, is the largest denomination in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. There are other <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">non-conformist</a> minorities, such as <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Reformed Church</a> (a union of <a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_Presbyterianism" title="English Presbyterianism">English Presbyterians</a>), <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Great Britain was <a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the first Christian martyr dating from the <a href="/wiki/Romano-British" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a> period, condemned to death for his faith and sacrificed to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">pagan gods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more recent times, some have suggested the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Aidan_of_Lindisfarne" title="Aidan of Lindisfarne">St Aidan</a> as another patron saint of Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-aiden_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aiden-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Ireland, he worked at <a href="/wiki/Iona" title="Iona">Iona</a> amongst the Dál Riata and then <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne" title="Lindisfarne">Lindisfarne</a> where he restored Christianity to <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aiden_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aiden-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three constituent countries of the United Kingdom have patron saints: <a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew">Saint Andrew</a> are represented in the flags of <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_England" title="Flag of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Scotland" title="Flag of Scotland">Scotland</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-flaghistory_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flaghistory-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two flags combined to form the basis of the Great Britain royal flag of 1604.<sup id="cite_ref-flaghistory_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flaghistory-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a> is the patron saint of Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-britsaints_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britsaints-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many other British saints. Some of the best known are <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_of_Lindisfarne" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthbert of Lindisfarne">Cuthbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Columba" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Columba">Columba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland" title="Saint Margaret of Scotland">Margaret</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Mungo" title="Saint Mungo">Mungo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petroc" title="Saint Petroc">Petroc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britsaints_111-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britsaints-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous other religions are practised.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2011 census recorded that <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> had around 2.7 million adherents (excluding Scotland with about 76,000).<sup id="cite_ref-latestcen_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latestcen-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 1.4 million people (excluding Scotland's about 38,000) believe in <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>—religions that developed in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latestcen_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latestcen-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> figured slightly more than Buddhism at the 2011 census, having 263,000 adherents (excluding Scotland's about 6000).<sup id="cite_ref-latestcen_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latestcen-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jews have inhabited Britain since 1070. However, those resident and open about their religion were <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion" title="Edict of Expulsion">expelled</a> from England in 1290, replicated in some other Catholic countries of the era. Jews were permitted to re-establish settlement as of 1656, in the interregnum which was a peak of anti-Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-jews_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jews-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" title="History of the Jews in Scotland">Most Jews in Great Britain have ancestors</a> who <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">fled for their lives</a>, particularly from 19th century <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> and the territories occupied by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" title="List of islands of England">List of islands of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">List of islands of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">List of islands of Wales</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The political area of Great Britain, including offshore islands</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2021/22-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2021/22_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Scotland held its census a year later after England and Wales due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the data shown is from two separate years.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The political definition of Great Britain – that is, England, Scotland, and Wales combined – includes a number of offshore islands such as the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a>, which are not part of the geographical island of Great Britain. Those three countries combined have a total land area of 228,948 km<sup>2</sup> (88,397 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islands.unep.ch/ICJ.htm#943">ISLAND DIRECTORY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808080705/http://islands.unep.ch/ICJ.htm#943">Archived</a> 8 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved 9 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about">"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ONS_Open_Geography_Portal" title="ONS Open Geography Portal">Open Geography Portal</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a>. 12 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Geography+Portal&rft.atitle=A+Beginners+Guide+to+UK+Geography+%282023%29&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fa-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONS_mid-year_pop_est-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONS_mid-year_pop_est_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland/mid2022/mye22final.xlsx">"Mid-Year Population Estimates, UK, June 2022"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a></i>. 26 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Mid-Year+Population+Estimates%2C+UK%2C+June+2022&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Ffile%3Furi%3D%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fpopulationandmigration%2Fpopulationestimates%2Fdatasets%2Fpopulationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland%2Fmid2022%2Fmye22final.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_census_-_ethnicity_-_England_and_Wales-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_-_ethnicity_-_England_and_Wales_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/3/filter-outputs/2c225a7b-0b5a-4a56-825e-2d6df1c6be93">"Ethnic group"</a>. <i>Office for National Statistics</i>. 28 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.atitle=Ethnic+group&rft.date=2023-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2FTS021%2Feditions%2F2021%2Fversions%2F3%2Ffilter-outputs%2F2c225a7b-0b5a-4a56-825e-2d6df1c6be93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021_census_-_ethnicity_and_religion_-_Scotland-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021_census_-_ethnicity_and_religion_-_Scotland_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnic%20group,%20national%20identity,%20language%20and%20religion&categoryId=1">"Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion"</a>. <i>Scotland's Census</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scotland%27s+Census&rft.atitle=Ethnic+group%2C+national+identity%2C+language+and+religion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotlandscensus.gov.uk%2Fsearch-the-census%23%2Flocation%2Ftopics%2Flist%3Ftopic%3DEthnic%2520group%2C%2520national%2520identity%2C%2520language%2520and%2520religion%26categoryId%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180220003634/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm">"Islands by land area, United Nations Environment Programme"</a>. Islands.unep.ch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm">the original</a> on 20 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islands+by+land+area%2C+United+Nations+Environment+Programme&rft.pub=Islands.unep.ch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislands.unep.ch%2FTiarea.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapzone.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/mapzone/didyouknow/howmany/q_14_27.html">"says 803 islands which have a distinguishable coastline on an Ordnance Survey map, and several thousand more exist which are too small to be shown as anything but a dot"</a>. Mapzone.ordnancesurvey.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=says+803+islands+which+have+a+distinguishable+coastline+on+an+Ordnance+Survey+map%2C+and+several+thousand+more+exist+which+are+too+small+to+be+shown+as+anything+but+a+dot&rft.pub=Mapzone.ordnancesurvey.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmapzone.ordnancesurvey.co.uk%2Fmapzone%2Fdidyouknow%2Fhowmany%2Fq_14_27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNora_McGreevy" class="citation web cs1">Nora McGreevy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/tiny-islands-survived-tsunami-almost-separated-britain-europe-study-finds-180976430/">"Study Rewrites History of Ancient Land Bridge Between Britain and Europe"</a>. <i>smithsonianmag.com</i>. Smithsonian Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=smithsonianmag.com&rft.atitle=Study+Rewrites+History+of+Ancient+Land+Bridge+Between+Britain+and+Europe&rft.au=Nora+McGreevy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Ftiny-islands-survived-tsunami-almost-separated-britain-europe-study-finds-180976430%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ons-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ons_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101114024259/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/pop0610.pdf">"Population Estimates"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Statistics Online</i>. Newport, Wales: Office for National Statistics. 24 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/pop0610.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Statistics+Online&rft.atitle=Population+Estimates&rft.date=2010-06-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fpdfdir%2Fpop0610.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geohive.com/cntry/">Geohive.com Country data</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921074436/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/">Archived</a> 21 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/kokusei/2000/final/hyodai.htm">Japan Census of 2000</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/">United Kingdom Census of 2001</a>. The editors of <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_population" title="List of islands by population">List of islands by population</a> appear to have used similar data from the relevant statistics bureaux and totalled up the various administrative districts that make up each island, and then done the same for less populous islands. An editor of this article has not repeated that work. Therefore this plausible and eminently reasonable ranking is posted as unsourced <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common_knowledge" title="Wikipedia:Common knowledge">common knowledge</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-37058920">"Who, What, Why: Why is it Team GB, not Team UK?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 14 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who%2C+What%2C+Why%3A+Why+is+it+Team+GB%2C+not+Team+UK%3F&rft.date=2016-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-37058920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Rahilly1946">O'Rahilly 1946</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentaries_on_the_Gallic_War/Book_4#20" class="extiw" title="s:Commentaries on the Gallic War/Book 4">4.20</a> provides a translation describing Caesar's first invasion, using terms which from <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Commentarii_de_bello_Gallico/Liber_IV" class="extiw" title="s:la:Commentarii de bello Gallico/Liber IV">IV.XX</a> appear in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as arriving in "Britannia", the inhabitants being "Britanni", and on p30 "principes Britanniae" (i.e., "chiefs of Britannia") is translated as "chiefs of Britain".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCunliffe2002">Cunliffe 2002</a>, pp. 94–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sax1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sax1_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/anglo_saxons/">"Anglo-Saxons"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Anglo-Saxons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fancient%2Fanglo_saxons%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-snyder-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-snyder_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snyder_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-snyder_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2003" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Christopher A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britons00snyd/page/12"><i>The Britons</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Blackwell_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwell Publishing">Blackwell Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/britons00snyd/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22260-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22260-6"><bdi>978-0-631-22260-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Britons&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22260-6&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Christopher+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbritons00snyd%2Fpage%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"... ἐν τούτῳ γε μὴν νῆσοι μέγιστοι τυγχάνουσιν οὖσαι δύο, Βρεττανικαὶ λεγόμεναι, Ἀλβίων καὶ Ἰέρνη, ...", transliteration "... en toutôi ge mên nêsoi megistoi tynchanousin ousai dyo, Brettanikai legomenai, Albiôn kai Iernê, ...", <i>Aristotle: On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos.</i>, 393b, pages 360–361, Loeb Classical Library No. 400, London William Heinemann LTD, Cambridge, Massachusetts University Press MCMLV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Book I.4.2–4, Book II.3.5, Book III.2.11 and 4.4, Book IV.2.1, Book IV.4.1, Book IV.5.5, Book VII.3.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PlinyE(4.41)-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PlinyE(4.41)_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pliny the Elder's <i>Naturalis Historia</i> Book IV. Chapter XLI <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plin.+Nat.+4.41&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0138">Latin text</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D30">English translation</a>, numbered Book 4, Chapter 30, at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.these-islands.co.uk/publications/i281/why_is_britain_called_britain.aspx">"Why is Britain Called Britain?"</a>. <i>www.these-islands.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.these-islands.co.uk&rft.atitle=Why+is+Britain+Called+Britain%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.these-islands.co.uk%2Fpublications%2Fi281%2Fwhy_is_britain_called_britain.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO_Corrain2001" class="citation book cs1">O Corrain, Donnchadh, Professor of Irish History at University College Cork (1 November 2001). "Chapter 1: <i>Prehistoric and Early Christian Ireland</i>". In Foster, R F (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhistoryofi00rffo"><i>The Oxford History of Ireland</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280202-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280202-6"><bdi>978-0-19-280202-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Prehistoric+and+Early+Christian+Ireland&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ireland&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280202-6&rft.aulast=O+Corrain&rft.aufirst=Donnchadh%2C+Professor+of+Irish+History+at+University+College+Cork&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhistoryofi00rffo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cunliffe, Barry (2012). <i>Britain Begins.</i> Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 4, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967945-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-967945-4">978-0-19-967945-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSJBrettanike-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LSJBrettanike_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*bretaniko/s"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Βρεττανική</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo(1.4.2)-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strabo(1.4.2)_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo's <i>Geography</i> Book I. Chapter IV. Section 2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0197%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D2">Greek text</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D2">English translation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo(4.2.1)-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strabo(4.2.1)_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo's <i>Geography</i> Book IV. Chapter II. Section 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0197%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D2%3Asection%3D1">Greek text</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D2%3Asection%3D1">English translation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo(4.4.1)-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strabo(4.4.1)_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo's <i>Geography</i> Book IV. Chapter IV. Section 1 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0197%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D1">Greek text</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D4%3Achapter%3D4%3Asection%3D1">English translation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MarcianPeriplus-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MarcianPeriplus_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcianus_HeracleensisMüller1855" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marcian_of_Heraclea" title="Marcian of Heraclea">Marcianus Heracleensis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karl_Otfried_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Otfried Müller">Müller, Karl Otfried</a>; et al. (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/geographigraeci03mlgoog#page/n680/mode/2up">"Periplus Maris Exteri, Liber Prior, Prooemium"</a>. In Firmin Didot, Ambrosio (ed.). <i>Geographi Graeci Minores</i>. Vol. 1. Paris: editore Firmin Didot. pp. 516–517.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Periplus+Maris+Exteri%2C+Liber+Prior%2C+Prooemium&rft.btitle=Geographi+Graeci+Minores&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=516-517&rft.pub=editore+Firmin+Didot&rft.date=1855&rft.au=Marcianus+Heracleensis&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+Karl+Otfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgeographigraeci03mlgoog%23page%2Fn680%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Greek text and Latin Translation thereof archived at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTierney1959" class="citation journal cs1">Tierney, James J. (1959). "Ptolemy's Map of Scotland". <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i>. <b>79</b>: 132–148. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F627926">10.2307/627926</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0075-4269">0075-4269</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/627926">627926</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163631018">163631018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=Ptolemy%27s+Map+of+Scotland&rft.volume=79&rft.pages=132-148&rft.date=1959&rft.issn=0075-4269&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163631018%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F627926%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F627926&rft.aulast=Tierney&rft.aufirst=James+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPtolemy1898" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy, Claudius</a> (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/HeibergAlmagestComplete.pdf">"Ἕκθεσις τῶν κατὰ παράλληλον ἰδιωμάτων: κβ', κε'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Heiberg, J.L. (ed.). <i>Claudii Ptolemaei Opera quae exstant omnia</i>. Vol. 1 Syntaxis Mathematica. Leipzig: in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. pp. 112–113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%E1%BC%9D%CE%BA%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B9%CF%82+%CF%84%E1%BF%B6%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%E1%BD%B0+%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD+%E1%BC%B0%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD%3A+%CE%BA%CE%B2%27%2C+%CE%BA%CE%B5%27&rft.btitle=Claudii+Ptolemaei+Opera+quae+exstant+omnia&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=112-113&rft.pub=in+aedibus+B.+G.+Teubneri&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Ptolemy&rft.aufirst=Claudius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilbourhall.org%2Fpdfs%2FHeibergAlmagestComplete.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPtolemy1843" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy, Claudius</a> (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wilbourhall.org/pdfs/ptolemy/Claudii_Ptolemaei_GeographiaVOL_I.pdf">"Book II, Prooemium and chapter β', paragraph 12"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Nobbe, Carolus Fridericus Augustus (ed.). <i>Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia</i>. Vol. 1. Leipzig: sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii. pp. 59, 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+II%2C+Prooemium+and+chapter+%CE%B2%27%2C+paragraph+12&rft.btitle=Claudii+Ptolemaei+Geographia&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pages=59%2C+67&rft.pub=sumptibus+et+typis+Caroli+Tauchnitii&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Ptolemy&rft.aufirst=Claudius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wilbourhall.org%2Fpdfs%2Fptolemy%2FClaudii_Ptolemaei_GeographiaVOL_I.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2001" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Philip (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSHhfOM-5AEC&pg=PA65"><i>Ireland and the classical world</i></a>. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-72518-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-72518-8"><bdi>978-0-292-72518-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+and+the+classical+world&rft.place=Austin%2C+Texas&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-292-72518-8&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZSHhfOM-5AEC%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholls, Andrew D., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r5gEbF0yyLMC"><i>The Jacobean Union: A Reconsideration of British Civil Policies Under the Early Stuarts</i>, 1999. p. 5.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/social-trends-rd/the-official-yearbook-of-the-united-kingdom/2005-edition/index.html"><i>UK 2005: The Official Yearbook of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</i></a>. London: Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2004. pp. vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-621738-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-621738-7"><bdi>978-0-11-621738-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UK+2005%3A+The+Official+Yearbook+of+the+United+Kingdom+of+Great+Britain+and+Northern+Ireland&rft.place=London&rft.pages=vii&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=2004-11-29&rft.isbn=978-0-11-621738-7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fsocial-trends-rd%2Fthe-official-yearbook-of-the-united-kingdom%2F2005-edition%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oed_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223902/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Great-Britain?q=Great+Britain"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Great-Britain?q=Great+Britain">the original</a> on 4 October 2013, <q>Great Britain: England, Wales, and Scotland considered as a unit. The name is also often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom.<br />Great Britain is the name of the island that comprises England, Scotland, and Wales, although the term is also used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is a political unit that includes these countries and Northern Ireland. The British Isles is a geographical term that refers to the United Kingdom, Ireland, and surrounding smaller islands such as the Hebrides and the Channel Islands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2FGreat-Britain%3Fq%3DGreat%2BBritain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brock-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brock_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock2018" class="citation cs2">Brock, Colin (2018), <i>Geography of Education: Scale, Space and Location in the Study of Education</i>, London: Bloomsbury, <q>The political territory of Northern Ireland is not part of Britain, but is part of the nation 'The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland' (UK). Great Britain comprises England, Scotland and Wales.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography+of+Education%3A+Scale%2C+Space+and+Location+in+the+Study+of+Education&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722120139/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Britain"><i>Britain</i></a>, Oxford English Dictionary, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/Britain">the original</a> on 22 July 2011, <q>Britain:/ˈbrɪt(ə)n/ the island containing England, Wales, and Scotland. The name is broadly synonymous with Great Britain, but the longer form is more usual for the political unit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain&rft.pub=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2FBritain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313045848/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/britain2001.pdf"><i>Britain 2001:The Official Yearbook of the United Kingdom, 2001</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: Office for National Statistics. August 2000. pp. vii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-11-621278-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-11-621278-8"><bdi>978-0-11-621278-8</bdi></a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goffsoakmethodistchurch.co.uk/page4.html">the original</a> on 31 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Methodism+in+Britain&rft.pub=GoffsOakMethodistChurch.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goffsoakmethodistchurch.co.uk%2Fpage4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721000044/http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521815000&ss=exc">"Cambridge History of Christianity"</a>. Hugh McLeod. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521815000&ss=exc">the original</a> on 21 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+Christianity&rft.pub=Hugh+McLeod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fuk%2Fcatalogue%2Fcatalogue.asp%3Fisbn%3D9780521815000%26ss%3Dexc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dawkins, <i>The Shakespeare Enigma</i>, 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler, <i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i>, 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aiden-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aiden_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aiden_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121023202402/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/homegrown-holy-man-cry-god-for-harry-britain-and-st-aidan-814057.html">"Cry God for Harry, Britain and... St Aidan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London. 23 April 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/homegrown-holy-man-cry-god-for-harry-britain-and-st-aidan-814057.html">the original</a> on 23 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Cry+God+for+Harry%2C+Britain+and...+St+Aidan&rft.date=2008-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fhomegrown-holy-man-cry-god-for-harry-britain-and-st-aidan-814057.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flaghistory-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-flaghistory_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-flaghistory_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flagspot.net/flags/gb-hist.html">"United Kingdom – History of the Flag"</a>. FlagSpot.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Kingdom+%E2%80%93+History+of+the+Flag&rft.pub=FlagSpot.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fflagspot.net%2Fflags%2Fgb-hist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britsaints-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britsaints_111-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britsaints_111-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britsattheirbest.com/heroes_adventurers/h_saints.htm">"Saints"</a>. Brits at their Best.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saints&rft.pub=Brits+at+their+Best&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britsattheirbest.com%2Fheroes_adventurers%2Fh_saints.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110123210954/http://www.guardian.co.uk/religion/page/0%2C%2C818217%2C00.html">"Guide to religions in the UK"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/religion/page/0,,818217,00.html">the original</a> on 23 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guide+to+religions+in+the+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Freligion%2Fpage%2F0%2C%2C818217%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 16  August 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latestcen-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latestcen_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latestcen_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latestcen_113-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/articles/religioninenglandandwales2011/2012-12-11">"Religion in England and Wales 2011 – Office for National Statistics"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+in+England+and+Wales+2011+%E2%80%93+Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fpeoplepopulationandcommunity%2Fculturalidentity%2Freligion%2Farticles%2Freligioninenglandandwales2011%2F2012-12-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jews-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jews_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626062306/http://www.goldsmiths.ac.uk/history/350th-anniversary.pdf">"From Expulsion (1290) to Readmission (1656): Jews and England"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Goldsmiths.ac.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldsmiths.ac.uk/history/350th-anniversary.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Expulsion+%281290%29+to+Readmission+%281656%29%3A+Jews+and+England&rft.pub=Goldsmiths.ac.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldsmiths.ac.uk%2Fhistory%2F350th-anniversary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050509134139/http://british-jewry.org.uk/britishjewry/geography/scotland.htm">"Jews in Scotland"</a>. British-Jewry.org.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-jewry.org.uk/britishjewry/geography/scotland.htm">the original</a> on 9 May 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jews+in+Scotland&rft.pub=British-Jewry.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-jewry.org.uk%2Fbritishjewry%2Fgeography%2Fscotland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 1 February 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPliny_the_Elder_(translated_by_Rackham,_Harris)1938" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (translated by Rackham, Harris) (1938). <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)"><i>Natural History</i></a>. 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Cassell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35387-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-35387-3"><bdi>978-0-304-35387-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+in+Quotations&rft.pub=Cassell&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-304-35387-3&rft.aulast=Major&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElse2005" class="citation book cs1">Else, David (2005). <i>Great Britain</i>. Lonely Planet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-921-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74059-921-4"><bdi>978-1-74059-921-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Britain&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-74059-921-4&rft.aulast=Else&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmanSlettedahl2005" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Will; Slettedahl, Heidi Macpherson (2005). <i>Britain and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History</i>. ABC-Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-431-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-431-8"><bdi>978-1-85109-431-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain+and+the+Americas%3A+Culture%2C+Politics%2C+and+History&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-431-8&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Slettedahl%2C+Heidi+Macpherson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppenheimer2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Oppenheimer" title="Stephen Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer, Stephen</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780786718900"><i>Origins of the British</i></a>. Carroll & Graf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1890-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-1890-0"><bdi>978-0-7867-1890-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+of+the+British&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-1890-0&rft.aulast=Oppenheimer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780786718900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2006" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2006). <i>Placenames of the World</i>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-2248-7"><bdi>978-0-7864-2248-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-2248-7&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey2007" class="citation book cs1">Massey, Gerald (2007). <i>A Book of the Beginnings, Vol. 1</i>. Cosimo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60206-829-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60206-829-2"><bdi>978-1-60206-829-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Book+of+the+Beginnings%2C+Vol.+1&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-60206-829-2&rft.aulast=Massey&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2008" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Isaac (2008). <i>Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature</i>. BiblioBazaar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-559-29667-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-559-29667-3"><bdi>978-0-559-29667-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Names+and+Their+Histories%3A+A+Handbook+of+Historical+Geography+and+Topographical+Nomenclature&rft.pub=BiblioBazaar&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-559-29667-3&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegonHenrici2005" class="citation book cs1">Legon, N.W.; Henrici, A. (2005). <i>Checklist of the British & Irish Basidiomycota</i>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84246-121-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84246-121-1"><bdi>978-1-84246-121-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Checklist+of+the+British+%26+Irish+Basidiomycota.&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-84246-121-1&rft.aulast=Legon&rft.aufirst=N.W.&rft.au=Henrici%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCannonHawksworthM.A.1985" class="citation book cs1">Cannon, P.F.; Hawksworth, D.L.; M.A., Sherwood-Pike (1985). <i>The British Ascomycotina. An Annotated Checklist</i>. Commonwealth Mycological Institute & British Mycological Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-546-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-546-6"><bdi>978-0-85198-546-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Ascomycotina.+An+Annotated+Checklist&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Mycological+Institute+%26+British+Mycological+Society&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-85198-546-6&rft.aulast=Cannon&rft.aufirst=P.F.&rft.au=Hawksworth%2C+D.L.&rft.au=M.A.%2C+Sherwood-Pike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunliffe2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Cunliffe" title="Barry Cunliffe">Cunliffe, Barry</a> (2002). <i>The extraordinary voyage of Pytheas the Greek</i> (revised ed.). New York: Walker & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-029784-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-029784-7"><bdi>0-14-029784-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49692050">49692050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+extraordinary+voyage+of+Pytheas+the+Greek&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Walker+%26+Co&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49692050&rft.isbn=0-14-029784-7&rft.aulast=Cunliffe&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Rahilly1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/T._F._O%27Rahilly" title="T. F. O'Rahilly">O'Rahilly, T. F.</a> (1946). <i>Early Irish History and Mythology</i> (reprinted 1964, 1971, 1984 ed.). Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901282-29-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-901282-29-4"><bdi>0-901282-29-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Irish+History+and+Mythology&rft.place=Dublin&rft.edition=reprinted+1964%2C+1971%2C+1984&rft.pub=Dublin+Institute+for+Advanced+Studies&rft.date=1946&rft.isbn=0-901282-29-4&rft.aulast=O%27Rahilly&rft.aufirst=T.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreat+Britain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Great Britain</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Great Britain">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="c:Great Britain">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Great Britain">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="q:Great Britain">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Great Britain">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Great Britain">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Great_Britain" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Great Britain">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/coast">Coast</a> – the BBC explores the coast of Great Britain.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/britishisles/">The British Isles</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.200towns.co.uk/">200 major towns and cities in the British Isles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_links">Video links</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=74946">Pathe travelogue, 1960, <i>Journey through Britain</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104111813/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=74946">Archived</a> 4 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=74948">Pathe newsreel, 1960, <i>Know the British</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104202317/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=74948">Archived</a> 4 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=33400">Pathe newsreel, 1950, Festival of Britain</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111105020306/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=33400">Archived</a> 5 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Isles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Isles" title="Template:British Isles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Isles" title="Template talk:British Isles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Isles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Isles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Isles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_British_Isles" title="Names of the British Isles">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">Terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alba" title="Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymru" title="Cymru">Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prydain" title="Prydain">Prydain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_(place_name)" title="Britain (place name)">Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire" title="Éire">Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia" title="Hibernia">Hibernia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (<a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Political cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Ireland–United Kingdom relations">Ireland–United Kingdom relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Council" title="British–Irish Council">British–Irish Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Intergovernmental_Conference" title="British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference">British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British%E2%80%93Irish_Parliamentary_Assembly" title="British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly">British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Travel_Area" title="Common Travel Area">Common Travel Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands" title="Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_the_Clyde" title="Islands of the Clyde">Islands of the Clyde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Hebrides" title="Inner Hebrides">Inner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shetland" title="Shetland">Shetland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Lists of islands of</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Bailiwick_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of the Bailiwick of Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of islands of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of islands of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_England" title="List of islands of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Scotland" title="List of islands of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Isles" title="History of the British Isles">History</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_British_Isles" title="Outline of the history of the British Isles">outline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Island groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Current states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="History of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Wales" title="Principality of Wales">Principality of Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Kingdom of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">Modern languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auregnais" title="Auregnais">Auregnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guern%C3%A9siais" title="Guernésiais">Guernésiais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A8rriais" title="Jèrriais">Jèrriais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sercquiais" title="Sercquiais">Sercquiais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10.0em">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanichal" title="Romanichal">English Gypsies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Travellers" title="Irish Travellers">Irish Travellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kale_(Welsh_Roma)" title="Kale (Welsh Roma)">Kale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Northern_Ireland" title="People of Northern Ireland">Northern Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Scots_people" title="Ulster Scots people">Ulster-Scots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Template talk:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Kingdom_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Kingdom topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Kingdom_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the United Kingdom">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_British_history" title="Timeline of British history">Chronology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Formation_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland">Formation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_England_and_Scotland_Act_1603" title="Union of England and Scotland Act 1603">Union of England and Scotland Act 1603</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Union" title="Treaty of Union">Treaty of Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_with_Scotland_(Amendment)_Act_1707" title="Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707">Union with Scotland (Amendment) Act 1707</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_Britain" title="Interwar Britain">Interwar</a></li> <li>Second World War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">civilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">military</a></li></ul></li> <li>Postwar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_Postwar_Britain_(1945%E2%80%931979)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social history of Postwar Britain (1945–1979)">social</a></li></ul></li> <li>Since 1979 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1979%E2%80%93present)" title="Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)">social</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic history of the United Kingdom">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_relations_(1814%E2%80%931919)" title="International relations (1814–1919)">1814–1919</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Maritime history of the United Kingdom">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_surveillance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of mass surveillance in the United Kingdom">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Military history of the United Kingdom">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">Women's history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Administrative geography of the United Kingdom">Administrative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Counties of the United Kingdom">Counties of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">City status</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of towns in the United Kingdom">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_that_have_gained_independence_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of countries that have gained independence from the United Kingdom">Former colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">Physical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_the_British_Isles" title="Terminology of the British Isles">terminology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great Britain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate change in the United Kingdom">change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coastline of the United Kingdom">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Great_Britain" title="Geology of Great Britain">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_and_lochs_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of lakes and lochs of the United Kingdom">Lakes and lochs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of rivers of the United Kingdom">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of volcanoes in the United Kingdom">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_renewable_resources_produced_and_traded_by_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of renewable resources produced and traded by the United Kingdom">Resources</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Agriculture in the United Kingdom">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Energy in the United Kingdom">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Biodiesel in the United Kingdom">biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geothermal power in the United Kingdom">geothermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing in the United Kingdom">hydraulic frac.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hydroelectricity in the United Kingdom">hydroelectricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom#Ocean_power" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_oil" title="North Sea oil">North Sea oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Renewable energy in the United Kingdom">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Solar power in the United Kingdom">solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wind power in the United Kingdom">wind</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fishing <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_England" title="Fishing industry in England">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Scotland" title="Fishing industry in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_and_shooting_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom">Hunting</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Forestry in the United Kingdom">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mining in the United Kingdom">mining</a></li></ul></li> <li>Wildlife <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Great_Britain" title="Fauna of Great Britain">fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Flora of Great Britain and Ireland">flora</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Politics of the United Kingdom">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Corruption in the United Kingdom">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Elections in the United Kingdom">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UK_parliamentary_by-elections" title="UK parliamentary by-elections">By-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Foreign relations of the United Kingdom">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Human rights in the United Kingdom">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United Kingdom">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciaries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Judiciaries of the United Kingdom">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law of the United Kingdom">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Law enforcement in the United Kingdom">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Monarchy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_monarchs" title="List of British monarchs">monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republicanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_nationality_law" title="British nationality law">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political parties in the United Kingdom">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_leaders_of_British_political_parties" title="List of female leaders of British political parties">Female party leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_scandals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of political scandals in the United Kingdom">Political scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_Shadow_Cabinet_(United_Kingdom)" title="Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cabinet of the United Kingdom">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_governments" title="List of British governments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Service_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Service (United Kingdom)">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_the_Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Departments of the Government of the United Kingdom">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunak_ministry" title="Sunak ministry">Ministers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_government_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of government ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of prime ministers of the United Kingdom">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Naval_Service" title="His Majesty's Naval Service">His Majesty's Naval Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="United Kingdom and weapons of mass destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic geography of the United Kingdom">Economic geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Income in the United Kingdom">Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Pound sterling <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Science and technology in the United Kingdom">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_United_Kingdom,_the_British_Crown_Dependencies_and_United_Kingdom_Overseas_Territories" title="List of stock exchanges in the United Kingdom, the British Crown Dependencies and United Kingdom Overseas Territories">Stock exchanges</a> (<a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Exchange</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tourism in the United Kingdom">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Transport in the United Kingdom">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Air transport in the United Kingdom">Air transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus transport">Bus transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Driving in the United Kingdom">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Roads in the United Kingdom">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail transport in the United Kingdom">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Society of the United Kingdom">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Crime in the United Kingdom">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Demographics of the United Kingdom">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Drug policy of the United Kingdom">Drug policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_inequality_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental inequality in the United Kingdom">Environmental inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Environmental issues in the United Kingdom">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Health in the United Kingdom">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Homelessness in the United Kingdom">Homelessness</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Housing in the United Kingdom">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Hunger in the United Kingdom">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_immigration_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="Modern immigration to the United Kingdom">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries" title="List of British innovations and discoveries">Innovation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Languages of the United Kingdom">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_regions_by_life_expectancy" title="List of British regions by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mental health in the United Kingdom">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Poverty in the United Kingdom">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prostitution in the United Kingdom">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Public holidays in the United Kingdom">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Racism in the United Kingdom">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_care_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social care in the United Kingdom">Social care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social class in the United Kingdom">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Suicide in the United Kingdom">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universal basic income in the United Kingdom">Universal basic income (UBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Waste in the United Kingdom">Waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Welfare state in the United Kingdom">Welfare state</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Culture of the United Kingdom">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Art of the United Kingdom">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Save_the_King" title="God Save the King">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_cuisine" title="British cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wine from the United Kingdom">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_national_identity" title="British national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_literature" title="British literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Mass media in the United Kingdom">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Music of the United Kingdom">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sport in the United Kingdom">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_symbols_of_the_United_Kingdom,_the_Channel_Islands_and_the_Isle_of_Man" title="List of national symbols of the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Theatre of the United Kingdom">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_the_British" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of the British">Stereotypes of the British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Countries of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_society" title="English society">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_English_history" title="Timeline of English history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_England" title="Geography of England">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_England" title="Politics of England">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_England" title="Economy of England">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_England" title="Tourism in England">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_England" title="Healthcare in England">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_England" title="Homelessness in England">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_England" title="National symbols of England">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Geography_and_climate" title="Northern Ireland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_and_deputy_First_Minister_of_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland">First Minister and deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Law of Northern Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Social_Care_(Northern_Ireland)" title="Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland)">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Culture of Northern Ireland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland#Symbols" title="Northern Ireland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Scottish_history" title="Timeline of Scottish history">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Scotland" title="Geography of Scotland">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Scotland" title="Politics of Scotland">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Parliament" title="Scottish Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Scotland" title="First Minister of Scotland">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scots_law" title="Scots law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Scotland" title="Economy of Scotland">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Scotland" title="Tourism in Scotland">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Scotland" title="Healthcare in Scotland">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Scotland" title="Homelessness in Scotland">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Scotland" title="National symbols of Scotland">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Outline of the United Kingdom">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_United_Kingdom%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of United Kingdom–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_Kingdom" title="Category:United Kingdom">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239009302"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template talk:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">World's largest islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 km<sup>2</sup><br />(38,610 sq mi) and greater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madagascar" title="Geography of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Island" title="Victoria Island">Victoria Island</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island">Ellesmere Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000–99,999 km<sup>2</sup><br />(7,722–38,610 sq mi)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_Island" title="Banks Island">Banks Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island" title="Alexander Island">Alexander Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Grande_de_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego">Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)" title="Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)">Melville Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Island" title="Southampton Island">Southampton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3" title="Marajó">Marajó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)">Prince of Wales Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan#Geography" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily#Geography" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Somerset Island (Nunavut)">Somerset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelny_Island" title="Kotelny Island">Kotelny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Geography" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bananal_Island" title="Bananal Island">Bananal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23666#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23666#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23666#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvmPFyYmFJjXGKfwJd84q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027228231">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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