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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_wet_sump"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of wet sump</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_wet_sump-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of a piston engine lubrication system</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Interior and oil sump of an Tohatsu MFS30B outboard motor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg/220px-Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg/330px-Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg/440px-Interior_and_oil_sump_of_an_Tohatsu_MFS30B_outboard_motor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="3016" /></a><figcaption> Interior and oil sump of an Tohatsu MFS30B outboard motor</figcaption></figure> <p>Within <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engines</a>, a <b>wet sump</b> is part of a <a href="/wiki/Lubrication" title="Lubrication">lubrication</a> system whereby the <a href="/wiki/Crankcase" title="Crankcase">crankcase</a> <a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Sump">sump</a> is used as an integral <a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">oil</a> reservoir. An alternative system is the <a href="/wiki/Dry_sump" title="Dry sump">dry sump</a>, whereby oil is pumped from a shallow sump into an external reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piston engines are lubricated by oil which is pumped into various <a href="/wiki/Bearing_(mechanical)" title="Bearing (mechanical)">bearings</a>, and thereafter allowed to drain to the base of the engine under gravity. In most production <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcycles">motorcycles</a>, which use a wet sump system, the oil is collected in a 3 to 10 <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litres</a> (0.66 to 2.20 <a href="/wiki/Imperial_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial gallon">imp gal</a>; 0.79 to 2.64 <a href="/wiki/US_gallon" class="mw-redirect" title="US gallon">US gal</a>) capacity pan at the base of the engine, known as the <a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Sump">sump</a> or oil pan, where it is pumped back up to the bearings by the internal <a href="/wiki/Oil_pump_(internal_combustion_engine)" title="Oil pump (internal combustion engine)">oil pump</a>. </p><p>A wet sump offers the advantage of a simple design, using a single pump and no external reservoir. Since the sump is internal, there is no need for hoses or tubes connecting the engine to an external sump which may leak. An internal oil pump is generally more difficult to replace, but that is dependent on the engine design. </p><p>A wet sump design can be problematic in a racing car, as the large <a href="/wiki/G_force" class="mw-redirect" title="G force">g force</a> pulled by drivers going around corners causes the oil in the pan to slosh, gravitating away from the oil pick-up, briefly starving the system of oil and damaging the engine. However, on a motorcycle this difficulty does not arise, as a bike leans into corners and the oil is not displaced sideways. Nevertheless, racing motorcycles usually benefit from <a href="/wiki/Dry_sump" title="Dry sump">dry sump</a> lubrication, as the shallow sump allows the engine to be mounted lower in the frame; and a remote oil tank can allow for improved lubricant cooling. On some dry sump motorcycles, such as the <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_TRX850" title="Yamaha TRX850">Yamaha TRX850</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yamaha_TDM" title="Yamaha TDM">Yamaha TDM</a>, the oil tank is integral to the engine, sitting atop the gearbox. </p><p>Early <a href="/wiki/Stationary_engine" title="Stationary engine">stationary engines</a> employed a small <a href="/wiki/Scoop_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scoop (tool)">scoop</a> on the extremity of the <a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">crankshaft</a> or <a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">connecting rod</a> to assist with the <a href="/wiki/Splash_lubrication" title="Splash lubrication">lubrication</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder</a> walls by means of a <a href="/wiki/Splash_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Splash (fluid mechanics)">splashing</a> action. Modern small engines, such as those used in lawnmowers, use a "slinger" (basically a paddle wheel) to perform the same function. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Two-stroke_and_four-stroke_engines">Two-stroke and four-stroke engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_sump&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Two-stroke and four-stroke engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Small <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">two-stroke engines</a>, such as in <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawnmower" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawnmower">lawnmowers</a>, have <a href="/wiki/Total-loss_oiling_system" title="Total-loss oiling system">total loss</a> lubrication. Such engines use <a href="/wiki/Crankcase_compression_two-stroke_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Crankcase compression two-stroke engine">crankcase compression</a> to feed the <a href="/wiki/Fuel_mixture" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel mixture">fuel/air mixture</a> through the crankcase. This precludes the use of both wet sump and dry sump systems, as excess oil here would contaminate the mixture, leading to excess oil being burned in the engine and so excessive <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control" title="Vehicle emissions control">hydrocarbon emissions</a>. These small engines run on specifically prepared fuel, a mixture of gasoline and <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_oil" title="Two-stroke oil">two-stroke oil</a> in a ratio recommended by the manufacturer. In some engines this mixture may also be independently pre-injected into the engine cylinders and bearings by a pump. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke engines</a> and large (non-petrol) two-stroke engines used in locomotives and <a href="/wiki/Marine_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine engine">ships</a> may have either wet or dry sumps. Large two-stroke engines do not use crankcase compression; instead they use a <a href="/wiki/Roots_supercharger" class="mw-redirect" title="Roots supercharger">mechanical blower</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharger</a> to aspirate air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_wet_sump">Types of wet sump</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_sump&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of wet sump"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splash_lubrication" title="Splash lubrication">Splash lubrication</a></li> <li>Splash and pressure</li> <li>Full pressure feed</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wet_sump&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wet sump and dry sump compared - <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.knowyourparts.com/technical-resources/engine/oil-system-differences/#:~:text=Dry%20Oil%20Systems%20Wet%20sump%20systems%20store%20the,is%20used%20to%20pump%20oil%20from%20the%20motor">https://www.knowyourparts.com/technical-resources/engine/oil-system-differences/#:~:text=Dry%20Oil%20Systems%20Wet%20sump%20systems%20store%20the,is%20used%20to%20pump%20oil%20from%20the%20motor</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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engine">Hot air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_engine" title="Jet engine">Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minto_wheel" title="Minto wheel">Minto wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo-Carnot_engine" title="Photo-Carnot engine">Photo-Carnot engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistonless_rotary_engine" title="Pistonless rotary engine">Pistonless (Rotary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rijke_tube" title="Rijke tube">Rijke tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine" title="Rocket engine">Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-single_engine" title="Split-single engine">Split-single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">Steam (reciprocating)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">Steam turbine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolipile" title="Aeolipile">Aeolipile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirling_engine" title="Stirling engine">Stirling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoacoustic_heat_engine" title="Thermoacoustic heat engine">Thermoacoustic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manson_engine" title="Manson engine">Manson engine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beale_number" title="Beale number">Beale number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_number" title="West number">West number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_heat_engine_technology" title="Timeline of heat engine technology">Timeline of heat engine technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#F0DC82;"><div><a href="/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle" title="Thermodynamic cycle">Thermodynamic cycle</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internal_combustion_engine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internal_combustion_engine" title="Template:Internal combustion engine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internal_combustion_engine" title="Template talk:Internal combustion 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href="/wiki/Block_heater" title="Block heater">Block heater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_(engine)" title="Bore (engine)">Bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecting_rod" title="Connecting rod">Connecting rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankcase" title="Crankcase">Crankcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankcase_ventilation_system" title="Crankcase ventilation system">Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankpin" title="Crankpin">Crankpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crankshaft" title="Crankshaft">Crankshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Core_plug" title="Core plug">Core plug (freeze plug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">Cylinder</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cylinder_bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder bank">bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">layout</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_displacement" title="Engine displacement">Displacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">Flywheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_order" title="Firing order">Firing order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_bearing" title="Main bearing">Main bearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">Piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piston_ring" title="Piston ring">Piston ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_ring_gear" title="Starter ring gear">Starter ring gear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valvetrain" title="Valvetrain">Valvetrain</a> and<br /> <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_head" title="Cylinder head">Cylinder head</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve (pushrod) layout</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tappet" title="Tappet">Tappet / lifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camshaft" title="Camshaft">Camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chest_(mechanical_engineering)" title="Chest (mechanical engineering)">Chest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combustion_chamber" title="Combustion chamber">Combustion chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ratio" title="Compression ratio">Compression ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_gasket" title="Head gasket">Head gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocker_arm" title="Rocker arm">Rocker arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_belt_(camshaft)" title="Timing belt (camshaft)">Timing belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppet_valve" title="Poppet valve">Valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forced_induction" title="Forced induction">Forced induction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowoff_valve" title="Blowoff valve">Blowoff valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boost_controller" title="Boost controller">Boost controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercooler" title="Intercooler">Intercooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercharger" title="Supercharger">Supercharger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">Turbocharger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fuel system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Petrol engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">Carburetor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_filter" title="Fuel filter">Fuel filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">Fuel injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_pump" title="Fuel pump">Fuel pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">Fuel tank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">Ignition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">Magneto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Compression ignition">Compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coil-on-plug_ignition" class="mw-redirect" title="Coil-on-plug ignition">Coil-on-plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributor" title="Distributor">Distributor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glow_plug_(diesel_engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glow plug (diesel engine)">Glow plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_coil" title="Ignition coil">Ignition coil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">Spark plug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_plug_wires" title="Spark plug wires">Spark plug wires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Engine management</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_control_unit" title="Engine control unit">Engine control unit (ECU)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Electrical system</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternator_(automotive)" title="Alternator (automotive)">Alternator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_battery" title="Automotive battery">Battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamo" title="Dynamo">Dynamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starter_(engine)" title="Starter (engine)">Starter motor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intake system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbox" title="Airbox">Airbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_filter#Internal_combustion_engine_air_filters" title="Air filter">Air filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_air_control_actuator" title="Idle air control actuator">Idle air control actuator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inlet_manifold" title="Inlet manifold">Inlet manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAP_sensor" title="MAP sensor">MAP sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_flow_sensor" title="Mass flow sensor">MAF sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">Throttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throttle_position_sensor" title="Throttle position sensor">Throttle position sensor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_system" title="Exhaust system">Exhaust system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">Catalytic converter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_particulate_filter" title="Diesel particulate filter">Diesel particulate filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_temperature_gauge" title="Exhaust gas temperature gauge">EGT sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhaust_manifold" title="Exhaust manifold">Exhaust manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muffler" title="Muffler">Muffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_sensor#Automotive_applications" title="Oxygen sensor">Oxygen sensor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine_cooling" title="Internal combustion engine cooling">Cooling system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cooling" title="Air cooling">Air cooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_cooling" title="Water cooling">Water cooling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_(machine)" title="Fan (machine)">Electric fan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">Radiator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">Thermostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_clutch" title="Fan clutch">Viscous fan (fan clutch)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lubrication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motor_oil" title="Motor oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_filter" title="Oil filter">Oil filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pump_(internal_combustion_engine)" title="Oil pump (internal combustion engine)">Oil pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sump" title="Sump">Sump</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wet sump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dry_sump" title="Dry sump">Dry sump</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engine_knocking" title="Engine knocking">Knocking / pinging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_band" title="Power band">Power band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redline" title="Redline">Redline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratified_charge_engine" title="Stratified charge engine">Stratified charge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_centre_(engineering)" title="Dead centre (engineering)">Top dead centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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