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-webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Avian</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">34 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Avian</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Avian">People</a></li></ul></div><style 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href="https://www.academia.edu/10456028/A_potential_new_serotype_of_Riemerella_anatipestifer_isolated_from_ducks_in_Thailand">A potential new serotype of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from ducks in Thailand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10456028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="200c88199e0a4eef01c2ad94e2cfec47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47379124,"asset_id":10456028,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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Doutrelant","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ClaireDoutrelant?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6671,"name":"Syntax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syntax?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":7044,"name":"Sexual Selection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sexual_Selection?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":169990,"name":"Bird Song","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_Song?f_ri=524884"},{"id":192581,"name":"Food Availability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Availability?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":589277,"name":"Interspecific competition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interspecific_competition?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6619613" data-work_id="6619613" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6619613/Molecular_evidence_for_phylogenetic_relationships_of_Jacquemontia_reclinata_House_Convolvulaceae_a_critically_endangered_species_from_south_Florida">Molecular evidence for phylogenetic relationships of Jacquemontia reclinata House (Convolvulaceae) ? a critically endangered species from south Florida</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Jacquemontia reclinata House (Convolvulaceae) is a federally listed endangered species endemic to coastal strand habitat of south-eastern Florida. In order to identify the closest relatives of J. reclinata, a phylogenetic reconstruction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6619613" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Jacquemontia reclinata House (Convolvulaceae) is a federally listed endangered species endemic to coastal strand habitat of south-eastern Florida. In order to identify the closest relatives of J. reclinata, a phylogenetic reconstruction was performed based on nucleotide sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and from the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer of chloroplast DNA. The three putative relatives of J. reclinata and the majority of Jacquemontia Choicy species known to occur in the Caribbean Islands were included. The strict consensus tree concurs with previous morphological studies, indicating that J. reclinata is closely related to the Caribbean species J. cayensis Britton, J. curtisii Hallier f., and J. havanensis (Jacq.) Urb. These three species and J. reclinata form an unresolved clade. Nucleotide divergence within this clade is low, suggesting that the group is recent, perhaps diversifying after the latest glacial period. These taxa need to be studied further using population-level DNA markers. Most species endemic to the Caribbean Basin form a strongly supported clade. Our phylogeny supports Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. as part of Jacquemontia. In addition, J. ovalifolia (West) Hallier f. ssp. sandwicensis (A. Gray) K.R. Robertson is sister to the Antillean endemic J. solanifolia (L.) Hallier f. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 443–454.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6619613" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="03e8b91137d98210e8b2ab42149f6726" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48781483,"asset_id":6619613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48781483/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10711236" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SandraNamoff">Sandra Namoff</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10711236" type="text/json">{"id":10711236,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Namoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SandraNamoff","display_name":"Sandra Namoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SandraNamoff?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6619613 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6619613"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6619613, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6619613", }); 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In order to identify the closest relatives of J. reclinata, a phylogenetic reconstruction was performed based on nucleotide sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and from the trnH-psbA intergenic spacer of chloroplast DNA. The three putative relatives of J. reclinata and the majority of Jacquemontia Choicy species known to occur in the Caribbean Islands were included. The strict consensus tree concurs with previous morphological studies, indicating that J. reclinata is closely related to the Caribbean species J. cayensis Britton, J. curtisii Hallier f., and J. havanensis (Jacq.) Urb. These three species and J. reclinata form an unresolved clade. Nucleotide divergence within this clade is low, suggesting that the group is recent, perhaps diversifying after the latest glacial period. These taxa need to be studied further using population-level DNA markers. Most species endemic to the Caribbean Basin form a strongly supported clade. Our phylogeny supports Convolvulus nodiflorus Desr. as part of Jacquemontia. In addition, J. ovalifolia (West) Hallier f. ssp. sandwicensis (A. Gray) K.R. Robertson is sister to the Antillean endemic J. solanifolia (L.) Hallier f. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 154, 443–454.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48781483,"asset_id":6619613,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10711236,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Namoff","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SandraNamoff","display_name":"Sandra Namoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SandraNamoff?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":772,"name":"Human Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Evolution?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":4364,"name":"Molecular Systematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Systematics?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":7076,"name":"Taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taxonomy?f_ri=524884"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=524884"},{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=524884"},{"id":11186,"name":"Mammalogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mammalogy?f_ri=524884"},{"id":14483,"name":"Animal Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Ecology?f_ri=524884"},{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884"},{"id":23979,"name":"Endangered Species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endangered_Species?f_ri=524884"},{"id":24375,"name":"Vertebrate Paleontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertebrate_Paleontology?f_ri=524884"},{"id":27756,"name":"DNA Barcoding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_Barcoding?f_ri=524884"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=524884"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=524884"},{"id":70304,"name":"Chemotaxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemotaxonomy?f_ri=524884"},{"id":173927,"name":"Biodiversity Hotspots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biodiversity_Hotspots?f_ri=524884"},{"id":436088,"name":"Botanical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Botanical?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":550697,"name":"Phylogenetic Tree","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogenetic_Tree?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17610039" data-work_id="17610039" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17610039/Real_time_quantitative_PCR_assay_for_measurement_of_avian_telomeres">Real-time quantitative PCR assay for measurement of avian telomeres</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We present the application of a real-time quantitative PCR assay, previously developed to measure relative telomere length in humans and mice, to two bird species, the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata and the Alpine swift Apus melba. This... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17610039" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We present the application of a real-time quantitative PCR assay, previously developed to measure relative telomere length in humans and mice, to two bird species, the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata and the Alpine swift Apus melba. This technique is based on the PCR ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17610039" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9067d6b455514c4ba79fdfef7fe1169f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42243631,"asset_id":17610039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42243631/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37455647" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeilMetcalfe">Neil Metcalfe</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37455647" type="text/json">{"id":37455647,"first_name":"Neil","last_name":"Metcalfe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NeilMetcalfe","display_name":"Neil Metcalfe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NeilMetcalfe?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17610039 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17610039"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17610039, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17610039", }); 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This technique is based on the PCR ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42243631,"asset_id":17610039,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37455647,"first_name":"Neil","last_name":"Metcalfe","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NeilMetcalfe","display_name":"Neil Metcalfe","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NeilMetcalfe?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14076482" 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$(".js-view-count-work_14076482").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14076482"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3214" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_sequence_analysis">Comparative sequence analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3214" type="text/json">{"id":3214,"name":"Comparative sequence analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_sequence_analysis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology">Avian Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77832" type="text/json">{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14076482]'), work: {"id":14076482,"title":"Siadenovirus infection in two psittacine bird 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analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_sequence_analysis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":89805,"name":"Weight Loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Loss?f_ri=524884"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=524884"},{"id":191815,"name":"Biological evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_evolution?f_ri=524884"},{"id":430462,"name":"Feathers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feathers?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":743643,"name":"Host Pathogen Interactions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Host_Pathogen_Interactions?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1345809,"name":"Lymphocytosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lymphocytosis?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1417651,"name":"Cockatoos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cockatoos?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1821344,"name":"Lethargy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethargy?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14332156" data-work_id="14332156" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14332156/Embryonic_Development_of_Endoderm_in_Chicken_Gallus_gallus_domesticus">Embryonic Development of Endoderm in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14332156" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="40ca43df99ffdffb968d5e02601ea83b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38271544,"asset_id":14332156,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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Sarmento","profile_url":"https://piodecimo.academia.edu/CarlosSarmento?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33283592/9856846/10986572/s65_carlos.sarmento.jpg_oh_a1f360a4483569fbc9472de415b899e0_oe_5659f406___gda___1447371123_ea2d4492f3829832941245768e5ae862"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14332156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14332156"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14332156, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14332156", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14332156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14332156; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14332156"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14332156 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14332156"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14332156; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14332156]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14332156").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14332156").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14332156"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1127649" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryogenesis">Embryogenesis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1127649" type="text/json">{"id":1127649,"name":"Embryogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryogenesis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14332156]'), work: {"id":14332156,"title":"Embryonic Development of Endoderm in Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus","created_at":"2015-07-23T08:03:42.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14332156/Embryonic_Development_of_Endoderm_in_Chicken_Gallus_gallus_domesticus?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_14332156","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38271544,"asset_id":14332156,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33283592,"first_name":"Carlos","last_name":"Sarmento","domain_name":"piodecimo","page_name":"CarlosSarmento","display_name":"Carlos Sarmento","profile_url":"https://piodecimo.academia.edu/CarlosSarmento?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33283592/9856846/10986572/s65_carlos.sarmento.jpg_oh_a1f360a4483569fbc9472de415b899e0_oe_5659f406___gda___1447371123_ea2d4492f3829832941245768e5ae862"}],"research_interests":[{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":1127649,"name":"Embryogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Embryogenesis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1119315" data-work_id="1119315" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1119315/Inferring_the_phylogeography_and_evolutionary_history_of_the_splendid_fairy_wren_Malurus_splendens_from_mitochondrial_DNA_and_spectrophotometry">Inferring the phylogeography and evolutionary history of the splendid fairy‐wren Malurus splendens from mitochondrial DNA and spectrophotometry</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The phylogeographic structure of the widely distributed arid and semi-arid Australian splendid fairy-wren Malurus splendens was investigated by using variation in plumage characters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We examined sequences of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1119315" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The phylogeographic structure of the widely distributed arid and semi-arid Australian splendid fairy-wren Malurus splendens was investigated by using variation in plumage characters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We examined sequences of the mtDNA ND2 gene and used spectrophotometry to quantify chromatic variation in plumage in order to test the current morphology-based intraspecific taxonomy of M. splendens and to discriminate between hypotheses invoking allopatric and parapatric processes in the origin of diversity in the complex. Genetic diversity of M. splendens fell into three divergent geographically structured clades. One represents populations ascribed to the western subspecies M. s. splendens, the other populations of central M. s. musgravi and the third all eastern populations currently ascribed to M. s. emmottorum and M. s. melanotus. Plumage patterns clearly differentiate M. s. splendens and M. s. musgravi, and spectrophotometry identified a step-wise transition in spectra between M. s. melanotus and M. s. emmottorum. Congruence of patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation among western, central and eastern populations of M. splendens strongly suggests that these populations have diverged in allopatry on either side of historical biogeographic barriers in this region. Decoupled patterns of phenotypic and genetic diversity suggest that the divergence of M. s. melanotus and M. s. emmottorum may have occurred without periods of isolation perhaps in response to differences in local environmental conditions, or alternatively, mtDNA and plumage may have different rates of evolution. Critically, we encountered issues with the placement of the root of the M. splendens complex. The root was placed within the subspecies M. s. splendens separating its northern and southern populations and rendering the subspecies paraphyletic.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1119315" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3a6db090832d9e2c8d99273a1baa4839" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45667980,"asset_id":1119315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45667980/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="987529" href="https://si.academia.edu/AnnaKearns">Anna M Kearns</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="987529" type="text/json">{"id":987529,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Kearns","domain_name":"si","page_name":"AnnaKearns","display_name":"Anna M Kearns","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/AnnaKearns?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/987529/355112/1396593/s65_anna.kearns.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1119315 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1119315"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1119315, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1119315", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1119315]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1119315").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1119315").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1119315"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology">Avian Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23773" type="text/json">{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63093" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA">Mitochondrial DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63093" type="text/json">{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165465" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_History">Evolutionary History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="165465" type="text/json">{"id":165465,"name":"Evolutionary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_History?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1119315]'), work: {"id":1119315,"title":"Inferring the phylogeography and evolutionary history of the splendid fairy‐wren Malurus splendens from mitochondrial DNA and spectrophotometry","created_at":"2011-11-27T09:01:07.683-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1119315/Inferring_the_phylogeography_and_evolutionary_history_of_the_splendid_fairy_wren_Malurus_splendens_from_mitochondrial_DNA_and_spectrophotometry?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_1119315","summary":"The phylogeographic structure of the widely distributed arid and semi-arid Australian splendid fairy-wren Malurus splendens was investigated by using variation in plumage characters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We examined sequences of the mtDNA ND2 gene and used spectrophotometry to quantify chromatic variation in plumage in order to test the current morphology-based intraspecific taxonomy of M. splendens and to discriminate between hypotheses invoking allopatric and parapatric processes in the origin of diversity in the complex. Genetic diversity of M. splendens fell into three divergent geographically structured clades. One represents populations ascribed to the western subspecies M. s. splendens, the other populations of central M. s. musgravi and the third all eastern populations currently ascribed to M. s. emmottorum and M. s. melanotus. Plumage patterns clearly differentiate M. s. splendens and M. s. musgravi, and spectrophotometry identified a step-wise transition in spectra between M. s. melanotus and M. s. emmottorum. Congruence of patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation among western, central and eastern populations of M. splendens strongly suggests that these populations have diverged in allopatry on either side of historical biogeographic barriers in this region. Decoupled patterns of phenotypic and genetic diversity suggest that the divergence of M. s. melanotus and M. s. emmottorum may have occurred without periods of isolation perhaps in response to differences in local environmental conditions, or alternatively, mtDNA and plumage may have different rates of evolution. Critically, we encountered issues with the placement of the root of the M. splendens complex. The root was placed within the subspecies M. s. splendens separating its northern and southern populations and rendering the subspecies paraphyletic.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45667980,"asset_id":1119315,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":987529,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Kearns","domain_name":"si","page_name":"AnnaKearns","display_name":"Anna M Kearns","profile_url":"https://si.academia.edu/AnnaKearns?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/987529/355112/1396593/s65_anna.kearns.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":165465,"name":"Evolutionary History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_History?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47046101" data-work_id="47046101" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47046101/Intermittent_Claudication_like_Syndrome_Secondary_to_Atherosclerosis_in_a_Yellow_naped_Amazon_Parrot_Amazona_ochrocephala_auropalliata_">Intermittent Claudication-like Syndrome Secondary to Atherosclerosis in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47046101" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7562dd8548ce45058f5204cf6be540d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66350554,"asset_id":47046101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8015" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis">Atherosclerosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8015" type="text/json">{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="358064" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermittent_Claudication">Intermittent Claudication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="358064" type="text/json">{"id":358064,"name":"Intermittent Claudication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermittent_Claudication?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="372036" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazona">Amazona</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="372036" type="text/json">{"id":372036,"name":"Amazona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazona?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47046101]'), work: {"id":47046101,"title":"Intermittent Claudication-like Syndrome Secondary to Atherosclerosis in a Yellow-naped Amazon Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata)","created_at":"2021-04-20T14:18:29.077-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47046101/Intermittent_Claudication_like_Syndrome_Secondary_to_Atherosclerosis_in_a_Yellow_naped_Amazon_Parrot_Amazona_ochrocephala_auropalliata_?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_47046101","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66350554,"asset_id":47046101,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":127907290,"first_name":"Kali","last_name":"Holder","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KaliHolder","display_name":"Kali Holder","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KaliHolder?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8015,"name":"Atherosclerosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atherosclerosis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":358064,"name":"Intermittent Claudication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intermittent_Claudication?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":372036,"name":"Amazona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazona?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1722430,"name":"Isoxsuprine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Isoxsuprine?f_ri=524884"},{"id":3880895,"name":"Bird diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_diseases?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24008722 coauthored" data-work_id="24008722" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24008722/Avian_predators_in_a_meadow_landscape_consequences_of_their_occurrence_for_breeding_open_area_birds">Avian predators in a meadow landscape: consequences of their occurrence for breeding open-area birds</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24008722" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e623cc995769388ba7109cbbb1de2897" rel="nofollow" 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u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology">Avian Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23773" type="text/json">{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24008722]'), work: {"id":24008722,"title":"Avian predators in a meadow landscape: consequences of their occurrence for breeding open-area birds","created_at":"2016-04-04T05:55:58.376-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24008722/Avian_predators_in_a_meadow_landscape_consequences_of_their_occurrence_for_breeding_open_area_birds?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_24008722","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44390980,"asset_id":24008722,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":46357010,"first_name":"Roland van der","last_name":"Vliet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RolandvanderVliet","display_name":"Roland van der Vliet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RolandvanderVliet?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":46416420,"first_name":"Edwin","last_name":"Schuller","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EdwinSchuller","display_name":"Edwin Schuller","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwinSchuller?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/85eb5f9e112d42aaa7246691a829a208?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7823305" data-work_id="7823305" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7823305/Long_axis_rotation_a_missing_degree_of_freedom_in_avian_bipedal_locomotion">Long‐axis rotation: a missing degree of freedom in avian bipedal locomotion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7823305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="17edeb759287763070b70722bc8d8d63" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":3727829,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kambic","domain_name":"hood","page_name":"RobertKambic","display_name":"Robert Kambic","profile_url":"https://hood.academia.edu/RobertKambic?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3727829/1336706/1662370/s65_robert.kambic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7823305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7823305"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7823305, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7823305", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7823305 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function 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type="text/json">{"id":90162,"name":"Kinematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinematics?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="168987" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedalism">Bipedalism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168987" type="text/json">{"id":168987,"name":"Bipedalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedalism?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="257395" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray">X-Ray</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="257395" type="text/json">{"id":257395,"name":"X-Ray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7823305]'), work: {"id":7823305,"title":"Long‐axis rotation: a missing degree of freedom in avian bipedal locomotion","created_at":"2014-07-30T11:24:58.213-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7823305/Long_axis_rotation_a_missing_degree_of_freedom_in_avian_bipedal_locomotion?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_7823305","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34324828,"asset_id":7823305,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3727829,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Kambic","domain_name":"hood","page_name":"RobertKambic","display_name":"Robert Kambic","profile_url":"https://hood.academia.edu/RobertKambic?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3727829/1336706/1662370/s65_robert.kambic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9658,"name":"Locomotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locomotion?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":90162,"name":"Kinematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kinematics?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":168987,"name":"Bipedalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bipedalism?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":257395,"name":"X-Ray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/X-Ray?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":380561,"name":"Guineafowl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guineafowl?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":870687,"name":"Three-dimensional","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Three-dimensional?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14089161 coauthored" data-work_id="14089161" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14089161/Hydrocephalus_in_a_Yellow_headed_Amazon_Parrot_Amazona_ochrocephala_oratrix_">Hydrocephalus in a Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14089161" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1941ca0512bc20c7fcb9282c14b78cc8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44615193,"asset_id":14089161,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44615193/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33098566" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/KurtSladky">Kurt Sladky</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33098566" type="text/json">{"id":33098566,"first_name":"Kurt","last_name":"Sladky","domain_name":"wisc","page_name":"KurtSladky","display_name":"Kurt Sladky","profile_url":"https://wisc.academia.edu/KurtSladky?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14089161">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14089161"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wisc.academia.edu/HowardSteinberg">Howard Steinberg</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14089161'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return 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container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14089161 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14089161"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14089161; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14089161]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14089161").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14089161").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prednisolone">Prednisolone</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="168358" type="text/json">{"id":168358,"name":"Prednisolone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prednisolone?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="204350" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory_agents">Anti-inflammatory agents</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="204350" type="text/json">{"id":204350,"name":"Anti-inflammatory agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory_agents?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14089161]'), work: {"id":14089161,"title":"Hydrocephalus in a Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala 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Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":60974,"name":"Hydrocephalus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydrocephalus?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":168358,"name":"Prednisolone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prednisolone?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":204350,"name":"Anti-inflammatory agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-inflammatory_agents?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":372036,"name":"Amazona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amazona?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1199691" data-work_id="1199691" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1199691/Avian_Diversity_and_Feeding_Guilds_in_a_Secondary_Forest_an_Oil_Palm_Plantation_and_a_Paddy_Field_in_Riparian_Areas_of_the_Kerian_River_Basin_Perak_Malaysia">Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds in a Secondary Forest, an Oil Palm Plantation and a Paddy Field in Riparian Areas of the Kerian River Basin, Perak, Malaysia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The diversity and the feeding guilds of birds in three different habitats (secondary forest, oil palm plantation and paddy field) were investigated in riparian areas of the Kerian River Basin (KRB), Perak, Malaysia. Point-count... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1199691" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The diversity and the feeding guilds of birds in three different habitats (secondary forest, oil palm plantation and paddy field) were investigated in riparian areas of the Kerian River Basin (KRB), Perak, Malaysia. Point-count observation and mist netting methods were used to determine bird diversity and abundance. A total of 132 species of birds from 46 families were recorded in the 3 habitats. Species diversity,measured by Shannon’s diversity index, was 3.561, 3.183 and 1.042 in the secondary<br />forest, the paddy field and the oil palm plantation, respectively. The vegetation diversity and the habitat structure were important determinants of the number of bird species occurring in an area. The relative abundance of the insectivore, insectivore-frugivore and frugivore guilds was greater in the forest than in the monoculture plantation. In contrast,the relative abundance of the carnivore, granivore and omnivore guilds was higher in the plantation. The results of the study show that the conversion of forest to either oil palm plantation or paddy fields produced a decline in bird diversity and changes in the<br />distribution of bird feeding guilds.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1199691" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e76a91716a55280cfe9d87981c116ede" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7442374,"asset_id":1199691,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7442374/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="491937" href="https://usm.academia.edu/MuinMohdAbdul">Mohd Abdul Muin Md Akil</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="491937" type="text/json">{"id":491937,"first_name":"Mohd Abdul Muin","last_name":"Md Akil","domain_name":"usm","page_name":"MuinMohdAbdul","display_name":"Mohd Abdul Muin Md Akil","profile_url":"https://usm.academia.edu/MuinMohdAbdul?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/491937/168129/424810/s65_mohd_abdul_muin.md_akil.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1199691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1199691"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1199691, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1199691", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1199691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1199691; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1199691"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1199691 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1199691"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1199691; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1199691]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1199691").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1199691").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1199691"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69036" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perak">Perak</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="69036" type="text/json">{"id":69036,"name":"Perak","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perak?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="146472" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird">Bird</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="146472" type="text/json">{"id":146472,"name":"Bird","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1199691]'), work: {"id":1199691,"title":"Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds in a Secondary Forest, an Oil Palm Plantation and a Paddy Field in Riparian Areas of the Kerian River Basin, Perak, Malaysia","created_at":"2012-01-04T12:33:29.719-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1199691/Avian_Diversity_and_Feeding_Guilds_in_a_Secondary_Forest_an_Oil_Palm_Plantation_and_a_Paddy_Field_in_Riparian_Areas_of_the_Kerian_River_Basin_Perak_Malaysia?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_1199691","summary":"The diversity and the feeding guilds of birds in three different habitats (secondary forest, oil palm plantation and paddy field) were investigated in riparian areas of the Kerian River Basin (KRB), Perak, Malaysia. Point-count observation and mist netting methods were used to determine bird diversity and abundance. A total of 132 species of birds from 46 families were recorded in the 3 habitats. Species diversity,measured by Shannon’s diversity index, was 3.561, 3.183 and 1.042 in the secondary\nforest, the paddy field and the oil palm plantation, respectively. The vegetation diversity and the habitat structure were important determinants of the number of bird species occurring in an area. The relative abundance of the insectivore, insectivore-frugivore and frugivore guilds was greater in the forest than in the monoculture plantation. In contrast,the relative abundance of the carnivore, granivore and omnivore guilds was higher in the plantation. The results of the study show that the conversion of forest to either oil palm plantation or paddy fields produced a decline in bird diversity and changes in the\ndistribution of bird feeding guilds.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7442374,"asset_id":1199691,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":491937,"first_name":"Mohd Abdul Muin","last_name":"Md Akil","domain_name":"usm","page_name":"MuinMohdAbdul","display_name":"Mohd Abdul Muin Md Akil","profile_url":"https://usm.academia.edu/MuinMohdAbdul?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/491937/168129/424810/s65_mohd_abdul_muin.md_akil.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":69036,"name":"Perak","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Perak?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":146472,"name":"Bird","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25442626 coauthored" data-work_id="25442626" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25442626/The_VG_GA_strain_of_Newcastle_disease_virus_mucosal_immunity_protection_against_lethal_challenge_and_molecular_analysis">The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25442626" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3899202b6f59c25dc5626fe801b3abc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45759409,"asset_id":25442626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45759409/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48937271" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PedroVillegas15">Pedro Villegas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48937271" type="text/json">{"id":48937271,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Villegas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PedroVillegas15","display_name":"Pedro Villegas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PedroVillegas15?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25442626">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25442626"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/RoserDolz">Roser Dolz</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25442626'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25442626').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25442626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25442626"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25442626, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25442626", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25442626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25442626; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25442626"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25442626 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25442626"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25442626; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25442626]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25442626").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25442626").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25442626"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="159" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology">Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="159" type="text/json">{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2702" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response">Immune response</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2702" type="text/json">{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny">Phylogeny</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54433" type="text/json">{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology">Avian Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77832" type="text/json">{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25442626]'), work: {"id":25442626,"title":"The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis","created_at":"2016-05-18T19:21:18.855-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25442626/The_VG_GA_strain_of_Newcastle_disease_virus_mucosal_immunity_protection_against_lethal_challenge_and_molecular_analysis?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_25442626","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45759409,"asset_id":25442626,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48937271,"first_name":"Pedro","last_name":"Villegas","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PedroVillegas15","display_name":"Pedro Villegas","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PedroVillegas15?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":48998181,"first_name":"Roser","last_name":"Dolz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RoserDolz","display_name":"Roser Dolz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RoserDolz?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":291136,"name":"Intestines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestines?f_ri=524884"},{"id":393958,"name":"Respiratory System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiratory_System?f_ri=524884"},{"id":402759,"name":"Chickens","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chickens?f_ri=524884"},{"id":492907,"name":"Newcastle disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newcastle_disease?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":585573,"name":"Amino Acid Profile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Profile?f_ri=524884"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":732028,"name":"Genome sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genome_sequence?f_ri=524884"},{"id":894908,"name":"Amino Acid Substitution Rates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Substitution_Rates?f_ri=524884"},{"id":974242,"name":"Newcastle Disease Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newcastle_Disease_Virus?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1318180,"name":"Mucosal Immunity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mucosal_Immunity?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1597877,"name":"Nucleotides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nucleotides?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1716403,"name":"immunoglobulin G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/immunoglobulin_G?f_ri=524884"},{"id":2343348,"name":"Upper respiratory tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_respiratory_tract?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17649112 coauthored" data-work_id="17649112" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17649112/Development_of_a_polymerase_chain_reaction_assay_for_specific_identification_of_Clostridium_colinum">Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay for specific identification of Clostridium colinum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17649112" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a100e18a6f128edda4408e836f0dc5ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39636553,"asset_id":17649112,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39636553/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37541308" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeonardFriedland">Leonard Friedland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37541308" type="text/json">{"id":37541308,"first_name":"Leonard","last_name":"Friedland","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LeonardFriedland","display_name":"Leonard Friedland","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LeonardFriedland?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-17649112">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-17649112"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/OyarzabalOmar">Omar Oyarzabal</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-17649112'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-17649112').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17649112 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17649112"><i 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(NaNa and Nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) infection were evaluated and compared withth ose of a commercial line (B-380). Groups of 28-day-old... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6741751" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The immune responses of indigenous naked neck (NaNa and Nana) and normally feathered (nana) chickens against a Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) infection were evaluated and compared withth ose of a commercial line (B-380). Groups of 28-day-old chickens (NaNa, Nana, nana, and B-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 μg of SG antigens. Control non-immunized animals were inoculated withsterile saline solution. All chickens were challenged with 1 LD50 of SG and mortality was recorded daily for 20 days. Antibodies to SG were measured in sera before immunization, before the challenge, 10 days after the challenge, and at sacrifice. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed using concanavalin A and SG antigens. Results showed that non-immunized Nana chickens exhibited the best natural resistance to Salmonella infection, since only 30% of them died. In contrast, all control B-380 chickens died by the 13th day. Immunization with SG induced immunity in chickens of all genotypes. Indigenous naked neck and normally feathered chickens showed a higher survival rate when compared with B-380 chickens. Immunized Nana chickens showed the highest antibody titres (P < 0.05) as well as the highest thymidine incorporation in peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with con A or SG antigens (P < 0.05). The results show that Nana chickens are the most resistant to SG infection and the best responders to vaccination with SG antigens.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6741751" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5ed27f6940dd5a4c46c13cb0a02aa6f7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48737937,"asset_id":6741751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48737937/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11083386" href="https://stikesmahardika.academia.edu/NanaNana">Nana Nana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11083386" type="text/json">{"id":11083386,"first_name":"Nana","last_name":"Nana","domain_name":"stikesmahardika","page_name":"NanaNana","display_name":"Nana Nana","profile_url":"https://stikesmahardika.academia.edu/NanaNana?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6741751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6741751"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6741751, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6741751", }); 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Groups of 28-day-old chickens (NaNa, Nana, nana, and B-380) were immunized orally and subcutaneously with 50 μg of SG antigens. Control non-immunized animals were inoculated withsterile saline solution. All chickens were challenged with 1 LD50 of SG and mortality was recorded daily for 20 days. Antibodies to SG were measured in sera before immunization, before the challenge, 10 days after the challenge, and at sacrifice. Peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed using concanavalin A and SG antigens. Results showed that non-immunized Nana chickens exhibited the best natural resistance to Salmonella infection, since only 30% of them died. In contrast, all control B-380 chickens died by the 13th day. Immunization with SG induced immunity in chickens of all genotypes. Indigenous naked neck and normally feathered chickens showed a higher survival rate when compared with B-380 chickens. Immunized Nana chickens showed the highest antibody titres (P \u003c 0.05) as well as the highest thymidine incorporation in peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with con A or SG antigens (P \u003c 0.05). The results show that Nana chickens are the most resistant to SG infection and the best responders to vaccination with SG antigens.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48737937,"asset_id":6741751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11083386,"first_name":"Nana","last_name":"Nana","domain_name":"stikesmahardika","page_name":"NanaNana","display_name":"Nana Nana","profile_url":"https://stikesmahardika.academia.edu/NanaNana?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":2702,"name":"Immune response","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_response?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":24706,"name":"Innate 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13712229 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13712229"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13712229; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13712229]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13712229").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13712229").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13712229"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23773" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology">Avian Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23773" type="text/json">{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13712229]'), work: {"id":13712229,"title":"Real-time quantitative PCR assay for measurement of avian telomeres","created_at":"2015-07-06T11:17:18.890-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13712229/Real_time_quantitative_PCR_assay_for_measurement_of_avian_telomeres?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_13712229","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45029400,"asset_id":13712229,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32843051,"first_name":"Pierre","last_name":"Bize","domain_name":"aberdeen","page_name":"PierreBize","display_name":"Pierre Bize","profile_url":"https://aberdeen.academia.edu/PierreBize?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23773,"name":"Avian Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Biology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24229845 coauthored" data-work_id="24229845" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24229845/The_Use_of_Xylazine_Ketamine_and_Isoflurane_for_Induction_and_Maintenance_of_Anesthesia_in_Ostriches_Struthio_camelus_">The Use of Xylazine, Ketamine, and Isoflurane for Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Ostriches (Struthio camelus)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24229845" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14fb4fc05c96dc6905e9fb6a5a4ef277" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44561439,"asset_id":24229845,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44561439/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46693442" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NaseralWabel">Naser al-Wabel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46693442" type="text/json">{"id":46693442,"first_name":"Naser","last_name":"al-Wabel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NaseralWabel","display_name":"Naser al-Wabel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NaseralWabel?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/46693442/15842650/16372741/s65_naser.al-wabel.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-24229845">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-24229845"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://qu-sa.academia.edu/AbdulazizalMuzaini">Abdulaziz M AlMuzaini</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-24229845'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-24229845').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24229845 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view 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InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24229845"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24229845; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24229845]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24229845").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24229845").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24229845"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="88321" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure">Blood Pressure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88321" type="text/json">{"id":88321,"name":"Blood Pressure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blood_Pressure?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ketamine">Ketamine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124788" type="text/json">{"id":124788,"name":"Ketamine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ketamine?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="202428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration">Respiration</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="202428" type="text/json">{"id":202428,"name":"Respiration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Respiration?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="224886" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xylazine">Xylazine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="224886" type="text/json">{"id":224886,"name":"Xylazine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xylazine?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24229845]'), work: {"id":24229845,"title":"The Use of Xylazine, Ketamine, and Isoflurane for Induction and Maintenance of Anesthesia in Ostriches (Struthio 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class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6562622" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98857c5fcef065de23d1e7d88bdfe8aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33321867,"asset_id":6562622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33321867/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10541317" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MortezaGholami1">Morteza Gholami</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10541317" type="text/json">{"id":10541317,"first_name":"Morteza","last_name":"Gholami","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MortezaGholami1","display_name":"Morteza Gholami","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MortezaGholami1?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6562622 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6562622"><i class="u-m1x fa 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries">Fisheries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4711" type="text/json">{"id":4711,"name":"Fisheries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fisheries?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19295" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation">Cryopreservation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19295" type="text/json">{"id":19295,"name":"Cryopreservation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cryopreservation?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23848" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23848" type="text/json">{"id":23848,"name":"Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquaculture?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6562622]'), work: {"id":6562622,"title":"Effect of egg yolk of four avian species on the cryopreserved ram spermatozoa Correspondence","created_at":"2014-03-26T19:50:36.397-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6562622/Effect_of_egg_yolk_of_four_avian_species_on_the_cryopreserved_ram_spermatozoa_Correspondence?f_ri=524884","dom_id":"work_6562622","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33321867,"asset_id":6562622,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10541317,"first_name":"Morteza","last_name":"Gholami","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MortezaGholami1","display_name":"Morteza 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology">Avian Pathology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="77832" type="text/json">{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="420887" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viral_Infection">Viral Infection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="420887" type="text/json">{"id":420887,"name":"Viral Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viral_Infection?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21372309]'), work: {"id":21372309,"title":"Pigeon circovirus infection: Pathological observations and suggested 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Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":420887,"name":"Viral Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viral_Infection?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1174994,"name":"Bacterial Infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacterial_Infection?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1253050,"name":"Pigeon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pigeon?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47528317" data-work_id="47528317" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47528317/Helminth_and_arthropod_parasites_of_the_brown_pelican_Pelecanus_occidentalis_in_Puerto_Rico_with_a_compilation_of_all_metazoan_parasites_reported_from_this_host_in_the_Western_Hemisphere">Helminth and arthropod parasites of the brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis , in Puerto Rico, with a compilation of all metazoan parasites reported from this host in the Western Hemisphere</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47528317" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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type="text/json">{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15346" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15346" type="text/json">{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="77832" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology">Avian Pathology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="77832" type="text/json">{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47528317]'), work: {"id":47528317,"title":"Helminth and arthropod parasites of the 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Williams","profile_url":"https://uprm.academia.edu/ErnestWilliams?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33706986/51060007/39115927/s65_ernest.williams.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":15346,"name":"Puerto Rico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Puerto_Rico?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":96324,"name":"Birds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Birds?f_ri=524884"},{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":742440,"name":"Parasitic Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parasitic_Diseases?f_ri=524884"},{"id":1550919,"name":"New Subspecies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Subspecies?f_ri=524884"},{"id":3490380,"name":"Arbovirus infections","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arbovirus_infections?f_ri=524884"},{"id":3880895,"name":"Bird diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bird_diseases?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13386292" data-work_id="13386292" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13386292/Pathogenicity_of_a_QX_strain_of_infectious_bronchitis_virus_in_specific_pathogen_free_and_commercial_broiler_chickens_and_evaluation_of_protection_induced_by_a_vaccination_programme_based_on_the_Ma5_and_4_91_serotypes">Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13386292" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div 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type="text/json">{"id":77832,"name":"Avian Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian_Pathology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="149214" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact">Economic Impact</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="149214" type="text/json">{"id":149214,"name":"Economic Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Impact?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153427" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_Detection">Virus Detection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="153427" type="text/json">{"id":153427,"name":"Virus Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_Detection?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13386292]'), work: 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Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences?f_ri=524884"},{"id":816379,"name":"Virus infection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus_infection?f_ri=524884"},{"id":887367,"name":"Infectious bronchitis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infectious_bronchitis?f_ri=524884"},{"id":988725,"name":"Clinical Signs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Signs?f_ri=524884"},{"id":2032368,"name":"Serotyping","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Serotyping?f_ri=524884"},{"id":2343348,"name":"Upper respiratory tract","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_respiratory_tract?f_ri=524884"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14161447 coauthored" data-work_id="14161447" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 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href="https://www.academia.edu/74083157/Breeding_biology_of_a_relictual_Maghreb_Magpie_Pica_mauritanica_population_in_Tunisia">Breeding biology of a relictual Maghreb Magpie (Pica mauritanica) population in Tunisia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background The Maghreb Magpie ( Pica mauritanica ) is an endemic North African species. Available knowledge on this species is limited to historic descriptive data with no ecological information provided. Populations continue to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74083157" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background The Maghreb Magpie ( Pica mauritanica ) is an endemic North African species. Available knowledge on this species is limited to historic descriptive data with no ecological information provided. Populations continue to dramatically decline in Tunisia, where only one relic population survives. Investigating the breeding biology of this species is essential for conservation purposes. The purpose of this study was to increase our understanding of the Tunisian relic population and provide detailed data on breeding biology over two breeding seasons (2017 and 2018). Methods This study occurred on a private farm of 650 ha, located 10 km from Dhorbania village at Kairouan Governorate, in central Tunisia. Active nests were monitored weekly during egg laying period and twice a week during hatching period. The Ivlev’s electivity index was used to assess whether the frequency of use of nesting trees and bushes matched their availability in the study area. We recorded nest measurements...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74083157" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bdb5565802c5f4c65db94d226e1cd5e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82363580,"asset_id":74083157,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82363580/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111977421" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ANefla">Aymen Nefla</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111977421" type="text/json">{"id":111977421,"first_name":"Aymen","last_name":"Nefla","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ANefla","display_name":"Aymen Nefla","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ANefla?f_ri=524884","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74083157 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74083157"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74083157, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74083157", }); 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data-work_id="21930398" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21930398/Olfaction_in_birds_a_closer_look_at_the_kiwi_Apterygidae_">Olfaction in birds: a closer look at the kiwi (Apterygidae)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21930398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8ea0d4af33d3e5264fcde46a74d83f56" rel="nofollow" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16603964/Hydrocephalus_in_a_Yellow_headed_Amazon_Parrot_Amazona_ochrocephala_oratrix_">Hydrocephalus in a Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala oratrix)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16603964" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d45c67968d3bf15bc18fccf1d7c3c53" rel="nofollow" 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1389653/Extra_pair_paternity_among_Great_Tits_Parus_major_following_manipulation_of_male_signals">Extra‐pair paternity among Great Tits Parus major following manipulation of male signals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1389653" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f8122e63cee270bbf9059970b58e155a" rel="nofollow" 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Paternity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extra-Pair_Paternity?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524884" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian">Avian</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="524884" type="text/json">{"id":524884,"name":"Avian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avian?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1389653]'), work: {"id":1389653,"title":"Extra‐pair paternity among Great Tits Parus major following manipulation of male 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type="text/json">{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57907" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreaks">Disease Outbreaks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="57907" type="text/json">{"id":57907,"name":"Disease Outbreaks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Outbreaks?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110578" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia">Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="110578" type="text/json">{"id":110578,"name":"Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13064188]'), work: {"id":13064188,"title":"Migration of waterfowl in the East Asian Flyway and spatial 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Bin","last_name":"Muzaffar","domain_name":"dubaimonsters","page_name":"SabirBinMuzaffar","display_name":"Sabir Bin Muzaffar","profile_url":"https://dubaimonsters.academia.edu/SabirBinMuzaffar?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32307424/65902320/54246011/s65_sabir_bin.muzaffar.jpg"},{"id":50584010,"first_name":"Eric","last_name":"Palm","domain_name":"umontana","page_name":"EricPalm","display_name":"Eric Palm","profile_url":"https://umontana.academia.edu/EricPalm?f_ri=524884","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50584010/13350389/14588638/s65_eric.palm.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology?f_ri=524884","nofollow":false},{"id":57907,"name":"Disease 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The case of the Eurasian golden plover Pluvialis apricaria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15007640" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="19b8397883eea0ab20f4b98aa0eb5a88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43660934,"asset_id":15007640,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43660934/download_file?st=MTczMzM0NjIyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34011046" href="https://lu.academia.edu/JD%C3%A4nhardt">J. 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