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vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menuya esasî" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menuya esasî</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menuya esasî</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navîgasyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" title="Here Destpêkê [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Destpêk · Sereta</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:B%C3%BByer%C3%AAn_rojane" title="Der barê bûyerên dawî de agahiyên nûjen bibîne"><span>Bûyerên rojane</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:R%C3%BBpela_tesaduf%C3%AE" title="Rûpeleke ketober bar bike [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Rûpeleke ketober</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Beşdarî" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Beşdarî" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beşdarî </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Portala_kom%C3%AA" title="Agahdarî li ser projeyê, tu dikarî çi bikî, tu dikarî tiştan li ku bibînî"><span>Portala komê</span></a></li><li id="n-Dîwana-Wîkîpediyayê" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:D%C3%AEwan"><span>Dîwana Wîkîpediyayê</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Guhertin%C3%AAn_daw%C3%AE" title="Lîsteya guhartinên dawî di vê wîkiyê de [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Guhartinên dawî</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AEk%C3%AEpediya:Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE" title="Bersivên ji bo pirsên te."><span>Alîkarî</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Destp%C3%AAk" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wîkîpediya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ku.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensîklopediya azad" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ku.svg" width="112" height="14" style="width: 7em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Taybet:L%C3%AAger%C3%AEn" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Lêgerîn</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" aria-label="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Li ser Wîkîpediyayê bigere [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Taybet:Lêgerîn"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Lêgerîn</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Amûrên kesane"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Xuyakirin"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Xuyakirin" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Xuyakirin</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku" class=""><span>Bexş bike</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Koendama+m%C3%AEz%C3%AA" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye." class=""><span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Koendama+m%C3%AEz%C3%AA" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Têkeve</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Zêdetir opsiyon" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Amûrên kesane" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Amûrên kesane</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ku.wikipedia.org&uselang=ku"><span>Bexş bike</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:CreateAccount&returnto=Koendama+m%C3%AEz%C3%AA" title="Em pêşniyar dikin ku tu ji xwe re hesabek çêbikî û bi wê hesabê têkevî, lêbelê ev ne mecbûrî ye."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Hesabekî çêke</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taybet:UserLogin&returnto=Koendama+m%C3%AEz%C3%AA" title="Têketina we dê baş be; lê belê, lê pêwîstî tune ye. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Têkeve</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Rûpelên ji bo edîtorên derketî <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Gav%C3%AAn_p%C3%AA%C5%9F%C3%AEn" aria-label="Di derbarê guhartinê de zêdetir hîn bibe"><span>Zêdetir hîn bibe</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyContributions" title="Lîsteyeke guhartinên ji vê IP adresê [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Beşdariyên min</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Gotûbêj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Malper"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Naverok" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Naverok</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Destpêk</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Gurçik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gurçik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Gurçik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gurçik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Gurçik bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gurçik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erkên_Gurçikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erkên_Gurçikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Erkên Gurçikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erkên_Gurçikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nefron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nefron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nefron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nefron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borrîmîz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borrîmîz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Borrîmîz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borrîmîz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mîzdank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mîzdank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mîzdank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mîzdank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mîzerê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mîzerê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mîzerê</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mîzerê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mîz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mîz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Mîz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mîz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rêkxistina_hormonî_ya_koendama_mîzê" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rêkxistina_hormonî_ya_koendama_mîzê"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rêkxistina hormonî ya koendama mîzê</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rêkxistina_hormonî_ya_koendama_mîzê-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Binêbeşa Rêkxistina hormonî ya koendama mîzê bigire/veke</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rêkxistina_hormonî_ya_koendama_mîzê-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1._Hormona_dijemîztin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1._Hormona_dijemîztin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>1. Hormona dijemîztin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Hormona_dijemîztin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._Aldosteron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._Aldosteron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>2. Aldosteron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._Aldosteron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Anjiyotensîn_II_(angiotensin_II)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Anjiyotensîn_II_(angiotensin_II)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>3. Anjiyotensîn II (angiotensin II)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Anjiyotensîn_II_(angiotensin_II)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._Peptîda_natrîuretî_ya_guhikeyî_(atrial_natriuretic_peptide_(ANP))" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._Peptîda_natrîuretî_ya_guhikeyî_(atrial_natriuretic_peptide_(ANP))"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>4. Peptîda natrîuretî ya guhikeyî (<i>atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._Peptîda_natrîuretî_ya_guhikeyî_(atrial_natriuretic_peptide_(ANP))-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Çavkanî" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Çavkanî"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Çavkanî</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Çavkanî-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Naverok" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tabloya naverokê bigre/veke</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Koendama mîzê</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Here gotareke bi zimanekî din. Bi 71 zimanan heye." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bi 71 zimanên din</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جهاز بولي – erebî" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهاز بولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="erebî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_urinariu_humanu" title="Sistema urinariu humanu – astûrî" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema urinariu humanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astûrî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0frazat" title="İfrazat – azerî" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İfrazat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মূত্র তন্ত্র – bengalî" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মূত্র তন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benvegad_troazha%C3%B1" title="Benvegad troazhañ – bretonî" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Benvegad troazhañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokra%C4%87ni_sistem" title="Mokraćni sistem – bosnî" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mokraćni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparell_urinari" title="Aparell urinari – katalanî" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aparell urinari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="کۆئەندامی میز – soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆئەندامی میز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vylu%C4%8Dovac%C3%AD_soustava" title="Vylučovací soustava – çekî" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vylučovací soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BD_%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BA_%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Этемĕн шăк кăлару тытăмĕ – çuvaşî" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этемĕн шăк кăлару тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="çuvaşî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_wrin" title="System wrin – weylsî" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System wrin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="weylsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harnwege" title="Harnwege – almanî" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harnwege" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="almanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7_%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%92%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ކުޑަކަމުދާ ނިޒާމް – divehî" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުޑަކަމުދާ ނިޒާމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ουροποιητικό σύστημα – yewnanî" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουροποιητικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="yewnanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system – îngilîzî" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Urinary system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="îngilîzî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urina_sistemo" title="Urina sistemo – esperantoyî" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urina sistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparato_urinario_humano" title="Aparato urinario humano – spanî" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aparato urinario humano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuseelundid" title="Kuseelundid – estonî" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuseelundid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gernu-aparatu" title="Gernu-aparatu – baskî" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gernu-aparatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_urinariu" title="Sistema urinariu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sistema urinariu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دستگاه ادراری – farisî" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه ادراری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="farisî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtsanerityselimist%C3%B6" title="Virtsanerityselimistö – fînî" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virtsanerityselimistö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appareil_urinaire" title="Appareil urinaire – fransî" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Appareil urinaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_%C3%BAir%C3%ADneach" title="Córas úiríneach – îrlendî" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas úiríneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="îrlendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_urinario" title="Sistema urinario – galîsî" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema urinario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galîsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9F" title="מערכת השתן – îbranî" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת השתן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="îbranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="मूत्र प्रणाली – hindî" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मूत्र प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokra%C4%87ni_sustav" title="Mokraćni sustav – xirwatî" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mokraćni sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="xirwatî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_irin%C3%A8" title="Sistèm irinè – haîtî" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm irinè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haîtî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Արտազատական համակարգ – ermenî" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արտազատական համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ermenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_perkemihan" title="Sistem perkemihan – endonezî" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem perkemihan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="endonezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparato_urinario" title="Apparato urinario – îtalî" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apparato urinario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="îtalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E5%99%A8" title="泌尿器 – japonî" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泌尿器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_urin" title="Sistem urin – javayî" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem urin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Несеп жолдары – qazaxî" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Несеп жолдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="qazaxî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B9" title="ಮಾನವನಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಸರ್ಜನಾಂಗ ವ್ಯೂಹ – kannadayî" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾನವನಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಸರ್ಜನಾಂಗ ವ್ಯೂಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%87%A8%EA%B3%84" title="비뇨계 – koreyî" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비뇨계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Заара бөлүп чыгаруу системасы – kirgizî" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Заара бөлүп чыгаруу системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_urina" title="Sistem de urina – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de urina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0lapimo_organ%C5%B3_sistema" title="Šlapimo organų sistema – lîtwanî" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šlapimo organų sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lîtwanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C4%ABnorg%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Urīnorgānu sistēma – latviyayî" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Urīnorgānu sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latviyayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="മൂത്രാശയ വ്യവസ്ഥ – malayalamî" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൂത്രാശയ വ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="मूत्रवहसंस्था – maratî" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मूत्रवहसंस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maratî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_urin" title="Sistem urin – malezî" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem urin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malezî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinewegstelsel" title="Urinewegstelsel – holendî" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Urinewegstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holendî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinveiene" title="Urinveiene – norwecî (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urinveiene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norwecî (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirna_fincaanii" title="Sirna fincaanii – oromoyî" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sirna fincaanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromoyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparelho_urin%C3%A1rio" title="Aparelho urinário – portugalî" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aparelho urinário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparatul_urinar" title="Aparatul urinar – romanî" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aparatul urinar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мочевыделительная система человека – rûsî" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мочевыделительная система человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rûsî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinarni_sistem" title="Urinarni sistem – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Urinarni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA" title="මූත්‍ර පථය – kîngalî" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මූත්‍ර පථය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="kîngalî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Urinary system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vylu%C4%8Dovacia_s%C3%BAstava" title="Vylučovacia sústava – slovakî" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vylučovacia sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C4%8Dila" title="Sečila – slovenî" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sečila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_urinar" title="Sistemi urinar – elbanî" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi urinar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="elbanî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Уринарни систем – sirbî" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уринарни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sirbî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinsystemet" title="Urinsystemet – swêdî" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Urinsystemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="swêdî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="சிறுநீர்த்தொகுதி – tamîlî" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிறுநீர்த்தொகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamîlî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="మూత్ర వ్యవస్థ – telûgûyî" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మూత్ర వ్యవస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telûgûyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B2%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Узвҳои пешоб – tacikî" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Узвҳои пешоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tacikî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ – tayî" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tayî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_pang-ihi" title="Sistemang pang-ihi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistemang pang-ihi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%9Falt%C4%B1m_sistemi" title="Boşaltım sistemi – tirkî" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boşaltım sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirkî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сидек системасы – teterî" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сидек системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="teterî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сечова система – ukraynî" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сечова система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraynî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_ti%E1%BA%BFt_ni%E1%BB%87u" title="Hệ tiết niệu – viyetnamî" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ tiết niệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="viyetnamî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="泌尿系统 – çîniya wuyî" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泌尿系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="çîniya wuyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="泌尿系統 – çînî" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泌尿系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="çînî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="泌尿系統 – kantonî" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泌尿系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimiso_somchamo" title="Isimiso somchamo – zuluyî" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isimiso somchamo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluyî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181100#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Girêdanên navzimanî sererast bike" class="wbc-editpage">Girêdanan biguhêre</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Valahiya nav"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Xuyakirin</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">Here menuya kêlekê</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">veşêre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ji Wîkîpediya, ensîklopediya azad.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ku" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png/337px-Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png" decoding="async" width="337" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png/506px-Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png/674px-Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Koendama mîzê</b> (bi înglîzî: <i>urinary system</i>) komek endam in bo parzûnkirin, embarkirin û avêtina mîzê ber bi derveyê laş. <a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%A7ik" title="Gurçik">Gurçik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEm%C3%AEz" title="Borrîmîz">borrîmîz</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzdank" title="Mîzdank">mîzdank</a> û <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEm%C3%AEz" title="Borrîmîz">borrîmîz</a> endamên koendama mîzê ne. </p><p>Karê serekî yê koendama mîzê, dûrxistina paşmayiyên nîtrojenî û dabînkirina hevsengiya osmozî ya laş e.<sup id="cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paşmayiyên nîtrojenî dema çêkirin an jî têkşikestina proteîn û asîdên nûkleyî de peyda dibe. Proteîn ji asîdên amînî pêk tên. Asîdên amînê bo hanaseya xaneyê tê bikaranîn. An jî dibe ko asîdên amînî ji bo bidestxistina madeyên wekî glukoz were bikaranîn. </p><p>Gava <a href="/wiki/As%C3%AEd%C3%AAn_am%C3%AEn%C3%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="Asîdên amînî">asîdên amînî</a> tên hilweşandin, koma amîn (-NH<sub>2</sub> ) ji asîda amînî diqete lê ji bo berhemkirina madeyên kêrhatî nayê bikaranîn. Ji koma amîn, amonyak (NH<sub>3</sub> ) peyda dibe. Amonyak di şileya navbera şaneyan de an jî di nav plazmaya xwînê de dihele û iyonên amonyum (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ) û iyonên (OH-) pêyda dibe. Amonyak madeyek jehrî ye û ji bo laşê mirov zîyanbexş e. Piraniya ajalan amonyakê diguherîn ure an jî asîda ureyê.<sup id="cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amonyak di <a href="/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb">kezeba</a> mirov de bi karbona dîoksîd ve yek dibe û diguhere bo ureyê. Her çiqas bi qasî amonyakê nebe jî, ure jî madeyek ziyanbexş e û divê bi koendama mîzê ji laş were dûrxistin. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png/245px-Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png" decoding="async" width="245" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png/368px-Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png/490px-Urinary_System_Large_Unlabeled_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Rêkxistina pestoya osmozê wekî hevsengiya osmozî (bi înglîzî: o<i>smoregulation</i>) tê navkirin. Koendama mîzê kar dike bo dabînkirina hevsengiya xwê, av û <a href="/wiki/Nirxa_pH" title="Nirxa pH">pH</a> ya xwînê.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ji bo vê erkê madeyên paşmayî an jî yên bêkêr ji laş tê dûrxistin. </p><p>Madeyên paşmayî ji zîndeçalakiyên asayî yên <a href="/wiki/Xane" title="Xane">xane</a> û <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">şaneyan</a> peyda dibe. Madeyên paşmayî yên xaneyên mirov, bi gelemperî ji paşmayîyên nîtrojenî yên wekî ure, kreatîn, amonyum, asîda ureyî û karbona dîoksîd pêk tê.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desîlîtreyek xwîna mirov 10 heta 20 mîlîgram (10 heta20 mg/dl) ure lixwe digire. Kreatîn paşmayiya ji têkşikestina fosfata kreatînî ye. Fosfata kreatînî, molekula fosfat a bi enerjiya bilind e, di <a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%BBlke" title="Masûlke">masûlkeyan</a> da cih digire. Dema pêdivî bi enerjiyê çê dibe ji bo demek kurt wekî embarek enerjiyê kar dike. Asîda ureyî bermayîyê nukleotîdan e. </p><p>Dabînkirina hevsengiya guncav a xwê û ava xwînê yek ji erkên serekî yê gurçikan e. Heke nav xwînê de rêjeya xwê zêde bibe, xestiya iyonên wek sodyum (Na <sup>+</sup> ) û potasyum (K <sup>+</sup> ) jî zêde dibe. Ev rewş dibe sedema bilindbûna pestoya osmozî ya xwînê. Heke pestoya osmozî ya xwînê bilind bibe, vê gavê hê pirtir av ji her beşên laş derbasî nav xwînê dibe, loma pestoya xwînê jî bilind dibe. Ji bo rêgirtina li ber bilindbûna pestoya xwînê, dive xwêyên zêde ji laş were dûrxistin. Iyonên xweyê bi navbeynkariya gurçikan ji laş tê deravêtin û xestiya iyonên xwînê dadikeve xala asayî. </p><p>Asta rêjeya iyonên wekî bîkarbonat (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> ) û klasiyum (Ca 2<sup>+</sup> ) ên nav xwînê jî ji aliyê gurçikan ve tê rêkxistin. </p><p>Çevderîkirin û rêkxistina pH ya xwînê jî yek ji erkên serekî yê koendama mîzê ye. Di rewşa asayî de pH ya xwîna mirov 7.4 e. Lê ji ber cor û mêjera xawrin vexwarinê an jî ji ber paşmayiyên zîndeçalakiyên xaneyan, dibe ko pH ya xwînê biguhere. Guherîna pH ya xwînê rewşek metirsîdar e bo tendurîstiya mîrov, loma bi navbeynkariya koendama mîzê gurçik xala asayî ya pH ya xwînê dabîn dikin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gurçik"><span id="Gur.C3.A7ik"></span>Gurçik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Beşê biguhêre: Gurçik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Gurçik"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%A7ik" title="Gurçik">Gurçik</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png/220px-Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png/330px-Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png/440px-Gur%C3%A7ika_mirov_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Gurçik <a href="/wiki/Endam_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Endam (biyolojî)">endamên</a> serekî yên koendama deravêtinê ya mirov û ajalên <a href="/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê">birrbirredar</a> e.<sup id="cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li gel erkê deravêtinê, gurçik <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormon</a> berhem dike, hevsengiya ava laş, hevsengiya ozmosa laş, hevsengiya iyonên xwînê û rêkxistina asta pH ya laş dabîn dike. Cotek gurçik li aliyê paşî yê <a href="/wiki/Kel%C3%AAn%C3%AAn_la%C5%9F%C3%AA_mirov" title="Kelênên laşê mirov">zikekelênê</a> de li jêrê <a href="/wiki/Navpen%C3%A7ik" title="Navpençik">navpencikê</a> de li herdu aliyên <a href="/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê">birrbirreya piştê</a> de cih digirin. Di laşê mirov de gurçika aliyê rastê ji ber şeweyê kezebê, ji gurçika aliyê çepê bi qasî 2 cm nizimtir e.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurçik ji asta birrbirreya 12mîn a sîngê heta birrbirreya 3yemîn a kêlekê dirêj dibin.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gurçik bi qaşilê gurçikê dapoşrav e. Qaşilê gurçikê qaşilek zexm e û ji <a href="/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane" title="Bestereşane">bestereşaneya</a> rîşalî pêk tê.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_biology15ed_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_biology15ed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qaşilê gurçikê bi çînek çewrî dapoşrav e. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEp%C3%AEd" title="Lîpîd">Çewrî</a> mîna balîfek gurçikan dipêçin û wan ji darbeyên hawirdorê diparêzin.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birgeha dirêjkî ya gurçika mirov li aliyê derve ji tûkila gurçikê (bi înglîzî: <i>renal cortex</i>), li aliyê navî ji kiroka gurçikê (bi înglîzî: <i>renal medulla</i>) pêk tê. Gurzên lûlek û mûlûeyên gurçikê di herdu beşên gurçikêde cih digirin. Tûkila gurçikê ji ber <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBl%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Mûlûleya xwînê">mûlûleyên xwînê</a>, danikî ye û bi rengê sorê qehweyî xuya dibe. Kiroka gurçikê ji ber hebûna lûlek û mûlûleyan, xêzikî xuya dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Physiology_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Physiology-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Erkên_Gurçikan"><span id="Erk.C3.AAn_Gur.C3.A7ikan"></span>Erkên Gurçikan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Beşê biguhêre: Erkên Gurçikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Erkên Gurçikan"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karê serekî yên gurçikan rêkxistina şileya derveyê xaneyan (plazma û şileya navber) e. Hevsengiya şileya hawirdora navî bi çêkirina mîzê tê dabînkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Physiology_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Physiology-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEz" title="Mîz">Mîz</a> ji pêkhateyên nav plazmaya xwînê, di <a href="/wiki/Nefron" title="Nefron">nefronên</a> gurçikan de çê dibe. Pêvajoya çêbûna mîzê bi sê qonaxan rû dide: parzûnkirin, dubaremijîn û derdan. </p><p>Gûrçik gava mîzê ji xwînê parzûn dike; </p><p>1. Qebareya plazmayê û pestoya xwînê, </p><p>2. Xestiya paşmayiyên nav plazmayê, </p><p>3. Xestiya iyonên wekî sodyum, potasyum û bîkarbonata nav plazmayê, </p><p>4. Asta pH ya plazmayê </p><p>jî rêk dixe.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_Physiology_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_Physiology-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gurçik gellek hormon derdide. Her wîsa çikirina xaneyên xwînê yên <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sor" title="Xiroka sor">xiroka sor</a> û <a href="/wiki/Perik%C3%AAn_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Perikên xwînê">perikên xwînê</a> jî ji aliyê gurçikan ve tê rêkxistin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nefron">Nefron</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Beşê biguhêre: Nefron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nefron"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Nefron" title="Nefron">Nefron</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Nefron.ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nefron.ku.png/220px-Nefron.ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nefron.ku.png/330px-Nefron.ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nefron.ku.png/440px-Nefron.ku.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="925" /></a><figcaption>Di gurçika mirov de bi qasî mîlyonek nefron heye.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nefron yekeyên bingehîn ên parzûnkirinê ne di gurçikan de.<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her yek gurçikek mirov malavaniya bi qasî milyonek nefronan dike.<sup id="cite_ref-McGraw-Hill_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGraw-Hill-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Erkê serekî yê nefronan, bi parzûnkirina xwînê, rêkxistaina rêjeya av û madeyen tîwawe ye.Li gor dirêjbûna wan a li kurahiya gurçikê, du cor nefron heye. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Glomerul" title="Glomerul">Giloka mûlûleyan</a> a hin nefronan li nezîkê beşa derve ya tûkilê de cih digire, nefronên wisa, wekî nefronên tûkilî (bi înglîzî: <i>cortical nephrons</i>) tên navkirin.% 85 ê nefronên gurçikê ji nefronên tûkilî pêk tê.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Badoka Henle ya nefronên tûkilî kurt e û dirêjiya wan a di nav kiroka gurçikê de hindik e.<sup id="cite_ref-medical_physiology_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medical_physiology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Badoka Henle ya % 15 yê nefronên gurçikan dirêj e. Ji van nefronan re tê gotin nefronên kêleka kirokê (bi înglîzî: <i>juxtamedullary nephrones</i>). Giloka mûlûleyan a nefrona kêleka kirokê li aliyê jêrê tûkilê, li nêzîkî kirokê de cih digire û <a href="/wiki/Badoka_Henle" title="Badoka Henle">badoka Henle</a> di nav kirokê de hê pirtir dirêj dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nefron ji du beşên serekî pêk tê; <a href="/wiki/Tenolkey%C3%AA_gur%C3%A7ik%C3%AA" title="Tenolkeyê gurçikê">tenolkeyê gurçikê</a> û lûleka gurçikê.<sup id="cite_ref-Essentials_of_Medical_Physiology_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essentials_of_Medical_Physiology-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Tenolke pêkhateyên bo parzûnkirina plazmaya xwînê lixwe digire. Lûlek pekhateya taybet e ji bo dubaremijîn û derdanê.<sup id="cite_ref-human_physiology_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human_physiology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tenolke ji tora mûlleyên xwînê û <a href="/wiki/Qeps%C3%BBla_Bowman" title="Qepsûla Bowman">qepsûla Bowman</a> pêk tê. Tora mûlûleyên xwînê wekî giloka mûlûleyanan an jî <a href="/wiki/Glomerul" title="Glomerul">glomerul</a> (bi latînî: <i>glomerulus</i> ) tê navkirin. Qepsûla Bowman (bi înglîzî: <i>Bowman's capsule</i> ) pêkhateyek kovikî ye û giloka mûlûleyan dipêçe.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parzûnkirina plazmaya xwînê di tenolkeyan de rû dide. </p><p>Lûleka gûrçikê (bi înglîzî: <i>renal tubule</i>) pêkhateyek dirêj û badayî ye di tenolkeyê gurçikê, ji qepsûla Bowman dest pê dike heta coga berhevkirinê dirêj dibe. Lûleka gurçikê ji sê beşan pêk tê. Beşa yekem ji ber ko nezîkê giloka mûlûleyan e, wekî lûleka badayî ya nêzikî tê navkirin û di tûkila gurçikê de cih digire.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beşa duyem a lûleka gurçikê wekî badoka Henle tê navkirin. Badoka Henlê ji milê dakêşayî û milê hilkêşayî pêk tê. Badoka Henlê heta kiroka gurçikê dirêj dibe. Beşa sêyem a lûleka gûrçikê wekî lûleka badayî ya dûrî tê navkirin. Ev beş, beşa dawî ya nefonê ye û di tûkilê de cih digire. Lûleka badayî ya dûrî bi coga berhevkirinê ve girêdayî ye. </p><p>Madeyên bikêr ji nefronan dubare tên mijandin û tevlê xwînê dibin, madeyên bêker an jî madeyên paşmayî jî wekî mîz tên deravêtin. Bi deravêtina paşmayiyan, nefron qebare û pestoya xwînê rêk dixe, asta xwê û iyonên xwînê û pH ya xwînê rêk dixe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Borrîmîz"><span id="Borr.C3.AEm.C3.AEz"></span>Borrîmîz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Beşê biguhêre: Borrîmîz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Borrîmîz"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEm%C3%AEz" title="Borrîmîz">Borrîmîz</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Borrîmîz, an jî borriya mîzê (bi latînî: <i>ureter</i>) cotek pêkhateyên lûleyî ne, mîzê ji hewza gurçikan, diguhazînên bo mîzdankê. Ji her gurçikek mirov, borrîmîzek ber bi mîzdankê ve dirêj dibe. Dirêjiya asayî ya borrîmîzên mîrovê temenê pêgihîştî bi qasî 25 heta 30 santîmetre ne.<sup id="cite_ref-medical_physiology_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medical_physiology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Borrîmîz di dîwarê mîzdankê de wisa derbas dibin ko dema mîzdank bi mîzê tijî dibe û pestoya nav mîzdankê zêde dibe, masûlkeyên detrusor ên li diwarê mîzdankê, serê borrîmîzan diguvêşên. Guvaştina masûlkeyan, rê li ber mîza nav mîzdankê digire ko paşve neherrike nav borrîmîzan.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Ji gurçikê ber bi mîzdankê, girjbûn û xavbûna masûlkeyên borrîmîzan, beş bi beş rû dide. Ango hemû masûlke bi carek ve girj nabin. Dor bi dor û bi ahengî girjbûn û xavbûna masûlkeyan borrîmîzan wekî perîstalsî tê navkirin. Bi pêlên perîstalsiyê, mîz di nav borrîmîzan de ji gurçikan ber bi mîzdankê ve tê tehnkirin.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Çalakiya masûlkeyên borrîmîzê ji aliyê herdu sisteman; <a href="/wiki/Demarekoendama_xwey%C3%AE" title="Demarekoendama xweyî">sîstema sîmpasawî û ya parasîmpasawî</a> ve tên kontrolkirin. Sîstema parasîmpasawî ya demarekoendama xweyî çalakiyên masûlkeyên borrîmîzan zêde dike, sîstema sîmpasawî jî çalakiya masûlkeyan kêm dike.<sup id="cite_ref-medical_physiology_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medical_physiology-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mîzdank"><span id="M.C3.AEzdank"></span>Mîzdank</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Beşê biguhêre: Mîzdank" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mîzdank"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzdank" title="Mîzdank">mîzdank</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg/220px-2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg/330px-2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg/440px-2605_The_Bladder_ku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="947" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>mîz di mîzdankê de tê berhevkirin û paşê bi mîzkirinê tê deravêtin.zê </figcaption></figure> <p>Mîzdank an jî kîsikê mîzê (bi înglîzî: <i>urinary bladder</i>) yek ji endamê koendama mîzê ye ko ji borrîmîzan, mîz werdigre û ji bo demek kin embar dike.<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mizdank endamek firehbar û masûlkî ya bi şêweyî tûrik e. Mîzdank di hewzekelênê de cih digire. Qebareya mîzdanka vala bi qasî gûzek e, lê mîzdank dikare fireh bibe û bi qasî 800 mL mîz embar bike. Mîzdanka mêyan ji ya nêran kêmtir mîz embar dike.<sup id="cite_ref-visualizing-human-biology_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visualizing-human-biology-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qebareya mîzdanka mirovek piştî temenê pêgihîştinê bi qasî 500 heta 600 mL (mîlîlître) ye.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Valakirina mîzdanka tijî, wekî mîzkirin (bi înglîzî:<i>micturition-urination</i>) tê navkirin. Mîzkirin bi du gavên serekî rû dide. Gava yekem hêdî bi hêdî tijîbûna mîzdankê ye. Her ko mîzdank bi mîzê tijî dibe, diwerime û qebaraya wê zêde dibe. Werimiya mîzdankê dibe sedema vekêşina masûlkeyên li dîwarê mîzdankê. Heke hêza vekêşinê ji asta derazinkê (bi înglîzî: <i>threshold level</i>) ya masûlkeyan bilindtir bibe, gava duyem a mîzkirinê dest pê dike. Gava duyem <a href="/wiki/Refleks" title="Refleks">refleksa</a> demarî ye û wekî refleksa mîzkirinê (bi înglîzî: <i>micturition reflex</i>) tê navkirin.Heke mîzdanka tijî neyê valakirin, mîzdank pir diwerime, ji ber firehbûna mîzdankê li masûlkeyên dîwarê mîzdankê de vekêşin zêde dibe. Hêza vekêşinê ya li ser dîwarê mîzdankê, dibe ko bibe sedema qelîşbûna diwarê mîzdankê û xwînberbûn rû bide. Herwisa dibe ko bibe sedema çêbûna bîrînan (bi înglîzî: <i>ulcerations</i>) li ser dîwarê mîzdankê.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mîzerê"><span id="M.C3.AEzer.C3.AA"></span>Mîzerê</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Beşê biguhêre: Mîzerê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Mîzerê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA" title="Mîzerê">mîzerê</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png/220px-M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png/330px-M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png/440px-M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption>Erk û pêkhateya mîzerê mê û nêran ne yek e. </figcaption></figure> <p>Mîzerê (bi înglîzî: <i>urethra</i>) cogek masûlkî ye ji bo deravêtina mîza mîzadankê ber bi derveyî laş.Bi mîzkirinê,mîz ji mîzdankê tê berdan û di mîzerêyê de ber bi derveyî laş diherrike.<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Erk û pêkhateya mîzerêya mê û nêran ne yek e. Dirêjiya mîzerêya mêyan kurt e, bi qasî 4 cm û tîreya wê 6 mm ye.<sup id="cite_ref-Anatomy_and_physiology_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anatomy_and_physiology-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mîzerê ji stûyê mîzdankê dest pê dike, li jorê devê <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%AA" title="Zê">zêyê</a>, li bin gilikê (<i>clitoris</i>) de li devê mîzerê de bi dawî dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-Biology_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biology-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di laşê nêran de du erkên mîzerê heyê, avêtina mîzê û avêtina <a href="/wiki/Tovav" title="Tovav">tovavê</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Essentials_of_Medical_Physiology_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essentials_of_Medical_Physiology-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Ango mîzerê bi eslê xwe cogek hevpar e ji bo herrika mîz û tovavê. Lê tu car mîz û tovav di heman demê de di nav mîzerêyê de derbas nabin.<sup id="cite_ref-Human_anatomy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Human_anatomy-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Di nêran de mîzerê hê dirêjtir e û di nav <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%BBk%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çûkê mirov">çûk</a> de dirêjê derveyî laş dibe. Dirêjiya mîzerêya nêran bi qasî 20 cm e.<sup id="cite_ref-Essentials_of_Medical_Physiology_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Essentials_of_Medical_Physiology-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mîzerê ji mîzdankê dirêjê nav <a href="/wiki/Prostat" title="Prostat">rijênê prostat</a> dibe, paşê di nav çûk de ber bi derve dirêj dibe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mîz"><span id="M.C3.AEz"></span>Mîz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Beşê biguhêre: Mîz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mîz"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEz" title="Mîz">mîz</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Mîz (bi înglîzî: <i>urine</i>) şilemenîyek laş e ji aliyê gurçikan ve ji plazmaya xwînê tê berhemkirin, di mîzdankê de tê embarkirin û bi mîzerê ji laş tê avêtin.<sup id="cite_ref-human_physiology_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-human_physiology-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Taybetmendî û pêkhateya mîzê guherbar e, li gor mêjara vexwarina avê, germahiya hawirdorê, cora xurekên hatine xwarin û çalakiya laş rêjeya pêkhateyên nav mîzê diguhere.Wekî minak; rojên ko mirov karên giran dike û gellek xwêdan dide, rengê mîza mirov ji rengê zer a vekirî diguhere bo zer a tarî û ji mîza mirov piçek zêdetir bêhn ra dibe. Lê bi gelemperî di rewşa asayî de % 96ê mîzê ji avê, % 2.5ê ji paşmayîyên nîtrojenî, % 1.5ê mîzê ji xwêyan pêk tê.<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Mirovek tendurist rojê 1 heta 2 lître mîz bi mîzkirinê ji laş davêje. Ji bo dûrxistina paşmayîyên ziyanbexş, divê gurçik rojê herî kêm nîv lître mîz berhem bike û ji laş dûr bixe.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Anatomy_&_Physiology-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>Di gurçikan de mîz ji plazmaya xwînê bi sê gavên serekî tê cihêkirin; parzûnkirin, dubaremijîn û derdan.<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rêkxistina_hormonî_ya_koendama_mîzê"><span id="R.C3.AAkxistina_hormon.C3.AE_ya_koendama_m.C3.AEz.C3.AA"></span>Rêkxistina hormonî ya koendama mîzê</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Beşê biguhêre: Rêkxistina hormonî ya koendama mîzê" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Rêkxistina hormonî ya koendama mîzê"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png/220px-Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png/330px-Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png/440px-Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Koendama mîzê ji aliyê koendama demar û hormonan ve tê rêkxistin. 4 hormon bandor li ser çalakiya koendama mîzê dikin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._Hormona_dijemîztin"><span id="1._Hormona_dijem.C3.AEztin"></span>1. Hormona dijemîztin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Beşê biguhêre: 1. Hormona dijemîztin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: 1. Hormona dijemîztin"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Hormona_dijem%C3%AEztin" title="Hormona dijemîztin">Hormona dijemîztin</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Hormona dijemîztin di <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AEpotalamus" title="Hîpotalamus">hîpotalamusê</a> de tê berhemkirin û bo <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AEpof%C3%AEz" title="Hîpofîz">hîpofîza</a> paş tê guhaztin<sup id="cite_ref-Biology_with_Physiology_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biology_with_Physiology-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hormona dijemîztin li ser lûleka badayî ya dûrî û coga berhevkirinê bandor dike, delînbariya wan a avê zêde dike loma dubaremijîna avê zêde dibe. Bi vî awayê xestiya osmozî ya mîzê zêde dibe, qebareya mîzê kêm dibe. Bi zêdebûna dubaremijînê, hê pirtir av ji mîzê cihê dibe û vedigere nav şileya laş. Herwisa ji ber hestê tîbûnê vexwarina avê jî zêde dibe. Dawiya dawî xestiya osmozî ya plazmaya xwînê dadikeve asta xwe ya asayî.Heke mirov bi têra xwe av venexwe,an jî xurekên pir şor an jî şîrîn bixwe pestoya osmozî ya xwînê zêde dibe. Zêdebûna xestiya osmozî, osmozewergirên li hîpotalamusê han dike. Du encamên hankirina osmozewrgirên hîpotalamusê heye. A yekem hestê tîbûnê peyda dibe û zorê dide mirov bo vexwarina avê. A duyem jî ji rijêne hîpofîza paş, hormona dijemîztin tê derdan </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._Aldosteron">2. Aldosteron</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Beşê biguhêre: 2. Aldosteron" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: 2. Aldosteron"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="boilerplate" id="catmore"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <i>Gotara bingehîn: <a href="/wiki/Hormona_aldosteron" title="Hormona aldosteron">Hormona aldosteron</a> </i></div></dd></dl> <p>Aldosteron hormonek steroîdî ye, di tûkila rijênên ser gurçik (rijênên adrenal) de tê berhemkirin û derdan.<sup id="cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li ser lûleka badayî ya dûrî û coga berhevkirinê bandor dike. Dubaremijîna sodyumê dabîn dike, ev jî dibe sedema bilindbûna pestoya xwînê. Hebûna anjiyotensîn II an jî kêmbûna pestoya xwînê, kartêkir ê bo derdana aldosteronê. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Anjiyotensîn_II_(angiotensin_II)"><span id="3._Anjiyotens.C3.AEn_II_.28angiotensin_II.29"></span>3. Anjiyotensîn II (angiotensin II)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Beşê biguhêre: 3. Anjiyotensîn II (angiotensin II)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: 3. Anjiyotensîn II (angiotensin II)"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAne:S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png/220px-S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png/330px-S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png/440px-S%C3%AEstema_Anjiyotens%C3%AEn-Ren%C3%AEn_ku.png 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Ev hormon hormon, hormonek peptîdî ye. Ji polîpeptîda anjiyotensîn I ê tê çêkirin. Li ser lûleyên xwînê û rijênên adrenal bandor dike. Lûleyên xwînê teng dike, bi vê awayê pestoya xwînê bilind dike. Rijênên adrenal han dike bo derdana aldosteronê.<sup id="cite_ref-OpenStax,_Biology_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OpenStax,_Biology-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Çêbûna hestê tîbûnê dabîn dike. Gava pestoya xwînê dadikeve, gurçik enzîma renîn der didin. Renîn proteîna anjiyotensînojenê hildiweşîne bo anjiyotensîn I, paşê ji <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fika_mirov%C3%AE" title="Pişika mirovî">pişikan</a> enzîma guhertina anjiyotensîn I tê derdan bi bandora vê enzîmê, ji anjiyotensîn I ê du asîdên amînî tên qetandin û anjiyotensîn II çê dibe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._Peptîda_natrîuretî_ya_guhikeyî_(atrial_natriuretic_peptide_(ANP))"><span id="4._Pept.C3.AEda_natr.C3.AEuret.C3.AE_ya_guhikey.C3.AE_.28atrial_natriuretic_peptide_.28ANP.29.29"></span>4. Peptîda natrîuretî ya guhikeyî (<i>atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Beşê biguhêre: 4. Peptîda natrîuretî ya guhikeyî (atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP))" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: 4. Peptîda natrîuretî ya guhikeyî (atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP))"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Peptîda natrîuretî ya guhikeyî (PNG) hormonek peptîdî ye. Di guhikeyên <a href="/wiki/Dil%C3%AA_mirov" title="Dilê mirov">dil</a> de tê berhemkirin. Ji bo deravêtina sodyumê û kêmkirina pestoya xwînê kar dike.Heke di laş de xestiya sodyumê zêde bibe, gellek zêde av di laş de tê girtin û qebareya xwînê zêde dibe. Ji ber zêdebûna qebareyê, pestoya xwînê jî bilind dibe û masûlkexaneyên guhikeyan tên vekêşin.Vekêşîna masûlkexaneyan dibe sedema derdana hormona PNGyê. PNG mûlûleyên hatî fire dike, ev rewş di glomerulê de parzûnkirinê zêde dike. Hormona PNG di cogên berhevkirinê û lûlekên badayî yên dûrî de dubaremijîna sodyumê asteng dike, derdana aldosteronê kêm dike. Bi çalakiya PNG deravêtina sodyumê û mîzê zêde dibe loma qebare û pestoya xwînê kêm dibe.<sup id="cite_ref-VILLEE_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VILLEE-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Çavkanî"><span id=".C3.87avkan.C3.AE"></span>Çavkanî</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Beşê biguhêre: Çavkanî" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Çavkanî"><span>çavkaniyê biguhêre</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068480">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ENCYCLOPEDIA_OF_Life_Science_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Cullen, K. 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href="/wiki/Koendama_henasey%C3%AA" title="Koendama henaseyê">Koendama henaseyê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fik" class="mw-redirect" title="Pişik">Pişik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Difin" title="Difin">Difin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qirrik" title="Qirrik">Qirrik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEhewa" title="Borrîhewa">Borrîhewa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sikildanok%C3%AA_heway%C3%AA" title="Sikildanokê hewayê">Sikildanokê hewayê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coga_henasey%C3%AA" title="Coga henaseyê">Coga henaseyê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Navpen%C3%A7ik" title="Navpençik">Navpençik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mekan%C3%AEzmaya_henasedan%C3%AA" title="Mekanîzmaya henasedanê">Mekanîzmaya henasedanê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al%C3%BBgorkirina_gaz%C3%AAn_henasedan%C3%AA" title="Alûgorkirina gazên henasedanê">Alûgorkirina gazên henasedanê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guhaztina_karbona_d%C3%AEoks%C3%AEd%C3%AA_di_nav_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA_de" title="Guhaztina karbona dîoksîdê di nav xwînê de">Guhaztina karbona dîoksîdê di nav xwînê de</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guhaztina_oks%C3%AEjen%C3%AA_di_nav_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA_de" title="Guhaztina oksîjenê di nav xwînê de">Guhaztina oksîjenê di nav xwînê de</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hemoglob%C3%AEn" title="Hemoglobîn">Hemoglobîn</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Koendama mîzê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gur%C3%A7ik" title="Gurçik">Gurçik</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzdank" title="Mîzdank">Mîzdank</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEz" title="Mîz">Mîz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Borr%C3%AEm%C3%AEz" title="Borrîmîz">Borrîmîz</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%AEzer%C3%AA" title="Mîzerê">Mîzerê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nefron" title="Nefron">Nefron</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glomerul" title="Glomerul">Glomerul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Badoka_Henle" title="Badoka Henle">Badoka Henle</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Tenolkey%C3%AA_gur%C3%A7ik%C3%AA" title="Tenolkeyê gurçikê">Tenolkeyê gurçikê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qeps%C3%BBla_Bowman" title="Qepsûla Bowman">Qepsûla Bowman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_dijem%C3%AEztin" title="Hormona dijemîztin">Hormona dijemîztin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_aldosteron" title="Hormona aldosteron">Hormona aldosteron</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_demar%C3%AA" title="Koendama demarê">Koendama demarê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mej%C3%AE" title="Mejî">Mejî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demax%C3%AA_mirov" title="Demaxê mirov">Demaxê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mej%C3%AEk" title="Mejîk">Mejîk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demax%C3%AA_navber%C3%AA" title="Demaxê navberê">Demaxê navberê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qed%C3%AA_demax" title="Qedê demax">Qedê demax</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dirkepetik" title="Dirkepetik">Dirkepetik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demarekoendama_navend%C3%AE" title="Demarekoendama navendî">Demarekoendama navendî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demarekoendama_%C3%A7%C3%AAwe" title="Demarekoendama çêwe">Demarekoendama çêwe</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demarexane" title="Demarexane">Demarexane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demare%C5%9Fane" title="Demareşane">Demareşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaney%C3%AAn_gl%C3%AEa" title="Xaneyên glîa">Xaneyên glîa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tewere" title="Tewere">Tewere</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dendr%C3%AEt" title="Dendrît">Dendrît</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demar" title="Demar">Demar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geh%C3%AEnke" title="Gehînke">Gehînke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geh%C3%AEnkeya_k%C3%AEmyay%C3%AE" title="Gehînkeya kîmyayî">Gehînkeya kîmyayî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Refleks" title="Refleks">refleks</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama bergiriyê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Spil" class="mw-redirect" title="Spil">Spil</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aloq" title="Aloq">Aloq</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEmfegir%C3%AA" title="Lîmfegirê">Lîmfegirê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_T" title="Xaneya T">Xaneya T</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_B" title="Xaneya B">Xaneya B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_gi%C5%9Ft%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya giştî">Bergiriya giştî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_destket%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya destketî">Bergiriya destketî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dijeten" title="Dijeten">Dijeten</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_sist" title="Bergiriya sist">Bergiriya sist</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_xaney%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya xaneyî">Bergiriya xaneyî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bergiriya_derdan%C3%AE" title="Bergiriya derdanî">Bergiriya derdanî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutan">Kutan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dijepeydaker" title="Dijepeydaker">Dijepeydaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Plazmaya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Plazmaya xwînê">Plazmaya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%AEmfexane" title="Lîmfexane">Lîmfexane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sp%C3%AE" title="Xiroka spî">Xiroka spî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">Moxê hestî</a> / <a href="/wiki/T%C3%AEmus" title="Tîmus">Tîmus</a> / <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAtrof%C3%AEl" title="Nêtrofîl">Nêtrofîl</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBl%C3%BBleya_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" title="Mûlûleya lîmfê">Mûlûleya lîmfê</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eileya_l%C3%AEmf%C3%AA" title="Şileya lîmfê">Şileya lîmfê</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_heris%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Koendama herisê">Koendama herisê</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zotika_mirov" title="Zotika mirov">Zotik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coga_heris%C3%AA" title="Coga herisê">Coga herisê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korta_dev%C3%AE" title="Korta devî">Dev</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pankreas" title="Pankreas">Pankreas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_k%C3%AEmyay%C3%AE" title="Herisa kîmyayî">Herisa kîmyayî</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_zirav" title="Rûviya zirav">Rûviya zirav</a> / <a href="/wiki/Soricik" title="Soricik">soricik</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gede" title="Gede">Gede</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ziman_(endam)" title="Ziman (endam)">Ziman (endam)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Diran%C3%AA_mirov" title="Diranê mirov">Diranê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_kor" title="Rûviya kor">Rûviya kor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gewriya_mirov" title="Gewriya mirov">Gewriya mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBviya_st%C3%BBr" title="Rûviya stûr">Rûviya stûr</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kezeb" title="Kezeb">Kezeb</a> / <a href="/wiki/Zeravdank" title="Zeravdank">Zeravdank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_karboh%C3%AEdradan" title="Herisa karbohîdradan">Herisa karbohîdradan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_prote%C3%AEnan" title="Herisa proteînan">Herisa proteînan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herisa_%C3%A7ewriyan" title="Herisa çewriyan">Herisa çewriyan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mij%C3%AEna_xurekan" title="Mijîna xurekan">Mijîna xurekan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama zaûzê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Koendama_za%C3%BBz%C3%AA_ya_n%C3%AAr%C3%AA" title="Koendama zaûzê ya nêrê">Koendama zaûzê ya nêrê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sperm" title="Sperm">Sperm</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_guh%C3%AAzer" title="Lûleya guhêzer">Lûleya guhêzer</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ikildan%C3%AAn_tovav%C3%AA" title="Çikildanên tovavê">Çikildanên tovavê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Prostat" title="Prostat">Prostat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rij%C3%AAn%C3%AA_Cowper" title="Rijênê Cowper">Rijênê Cowper</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">Gun</a> / <a href="/wiki/P%C3%AEt%C3%AEn" title="Pîtîn">Pîtîn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aloze" title="Aloze">Aloze</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tovav" title="Tovav">Tovav</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%BBk%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çûkê mirov">Çûkê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">Testosteron</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_hander%C3%AA_%C3%A7ikildan%C3%AA" title="Hormona handerê çikildanê">Hormona handerê çikildanê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_hander%C3%AA_ten%C3%AA_zer" title="Hormona handerê tenê zer">Hormona handerê tenê zer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koendama_za%C3%BBz%C3%AA_ya_m%C3%AAy%C3%AA" title="Koendama zaûzê ya mêyê">Koendama zaûzê ya mêyê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Endam%C3%AAn_derve_y%C3%AAn_koendama_za%C3%BBz%C3%AA_ya_m%C3%AAy%C3%AA" title="Endamên derve yên koendama zaûzê ya mêyê">Endamên derve yên koendama zaûzê ya mêyê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%AA" title="Zê">Zê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malzarok" title="Malzarok">Malzarok</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coga_h%C3%AAk%C3%AA" title="Coga hêkê">Coga hêkê</a> / <a href="/wiki/H%C3%AAkdank" title="Hêkdank">Hêkdank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_h%C3%AAk%C3%AA" title="Xaneya hêkê">Xaneya hêkê</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erxa_mehane" title="Çerxa mehane">Çerxa mehane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Procesteron" title="Procesteron">Procesteron</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Astrocen" title="Êstrocen">Êstrocen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Miyoz" title="Miyoz">Miyoz</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama poşerê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87erm%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çermê mirov">Çermê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEnok" title="Nînok">Nînok</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ep%C3%AEderm%C3%AEs" title="Epîdermîs">Epîdermîs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Por_(anatom%C3%AE)" title="Por (anatomî)">Por (anatomî)</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBke%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fane" title="Rûkeşeşane">Rûkeşeşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Derm%C3%AEs" title="Dermîs">Dermîs</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama hestê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87av%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çavê mirov">Çavê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Poz%C3%AA_mirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozê mirov">Pozê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh" title="Guh">Guh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ziman_(endam)" title="Ziman (endam)">Ziman (endam)</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AAjegopke" title="Çêjegopke">Çêjegopke</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87erm%C3%AA_mirov" title="Çermê mirov">Çermê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hestewergir" title="Hestewergir">Hestewergir</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh%C3%AA_derve" title="Guhê derve">Guhê derve</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh%C3%AA_naverast" title="Guhê naverast">Guhê naverast</a> / <a href="/wiki/Guh%C3%AA_nav%C3%AE" title="Guhê navî">Guhê navî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bih%C3%AEstin" title="Bihîstin">Bihîstin</a> / <a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AAjtin" title="Çêjtin">Çêjtin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hevseng%C3%AE" title="Hevsengî">Hevsengî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reng%C3%AEne" title="Rengîne">Rengîne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Korniye" title="Korniye">Korniye</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haw%C3%AAneya_%C3%A7av" title="Hawêneya çav">Hawêneya çav</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tore" title="Tore">Tore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reqe_(anatom%C3%AE)" title="Reqe (anatomî)">Reqe (anatomî)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_%C3%A7%C3%AElkey%C3%AE" title="Xaneya çîlkeyî">Xaneya çîlkeyî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xaneya_qo%C3%A7ek%C3%AE" title="Xaneya qoçekî">Xaneya qoçekî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AA_b%C3%AAhnkirin%C3%AA" title="Hestê bêhnkirinê">Hestê bêhnkirinê</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama dilelûleyî</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dil%C3%AA_mirov" title="Dilê mirov">Dilê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnber" title="Xwînber">Xwînber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnh%C3%AAner" title="Xwînhêner">Xwînhêner</a> / <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Lûleya xwînê">Lûleya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BBl%C3%BBleya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Mûlûleya xwînê">Mûlûleya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sor" title="Xiroka sor">Xiroka sor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEn" title="Xwîn">Xwîn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xiroka_sp%C3%AE" title="Xiroka spî">Xiroka spî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Perik%C3%AAn_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Perikên xwînê">Perikên xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dilemas%C3%BBlke" title="Dilemasûlke">Dilemasûlke</a> / <a href="/wiki/Plazmaya_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Plazmaya xwînê">plazmaya xwînê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Xw%C3%AEnguhaztin" title="Xwînguhaztin">Xwînguhaztin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hemoglob%C3%AEn" title="Hemoglobîn">Hemoglobîn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">Moxê hestî</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Koendama Peykerê</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hestiyepeyker%C3%AA_mirov" title="Hestiyepeykerê mirov">Hestiyepeykerê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AE" title="Hestî">Hestî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AAn_ling_%C3%BB_p%C3%AA" title="Hestiyên ling û pê">Hestiyên ling û pê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pars%C3%BB" title="Parsû">Parsû</a> / <a href="/wiki/Qefesa_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA" title="Qefesa sîngê">Qefesa sîngê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AAna_hewz%C3%AA" title="Piştêna hewzê">Piştêna hewzê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hormona_parat%C3%AEro%C3%AEd" title="Hormona paratîroîd">Hormona paratîroîd</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hest%C3%AEb%C3%BBn" title="Hestîbûn">Hestîbûn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Berg%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Bergê hestî">Bergê hestî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mox%C3%AA_hest%C3%AE" title="Moxê hestî">Moxê hestî</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AA_pitew" title="Hestiyê pitew">Hestiyê pitew</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kirkirk" title="Kirkirk">Kirkirk</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geh" title="Geh">Geh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tewerepeyker" title="Tewerepeyker">Tewerepeyker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kilox%C3%AA_mirov" title="Kiloxê mirov">Kiloxê mirov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Birrbirreya_pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AA" title="Birrbirreya piştê">Birrbirreya piştê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pelepeyker" title="Pelepeyker">Pelepeyker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%9Ft%C3%AAna_s%C3%AEng%C3%AA" title="Piştêna sîngê">Piştêna sîngê</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hestiy%C3%AAn_mil_%C3%BB_dest" title="Hestiyên mil û dest">Hestiyên mil û dest</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">Şane</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eane_(biyoloj%C3%AE)" title="Şane (biyolojî)">Şane</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Bestere%C5%9Fane" title="Bestereşane">Bestereşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demare%C5%9Fane" title="Demareşane">Demareşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBke%C5%9Fe%C5%9Fane" title="Rûkeşeşane">Rûkeşeşane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mas%C3%BBlke%C5%9Fane" title="Masûlkeşane">Masûlkeşane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1138413"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1122230"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Danegehên_kontrola_otorîteyê_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Li_ser_Wîkîdaneyê_biguhêre" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%AEkar%C3%AE:Kontrola_otor%C3%AEte" class="mw-redirect" title="Alîkarî:Kontrola otorîte">Danegehên kontrola otorîteyê</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100#identifiers" title="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre"><img alt="Li ser Wîkîdaneyê biguhêre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url/?p=1323&url_prefix=https:%2F%2Fwww.unifr.ch%2Fifaa%2FPublic%2FEntryPage%2FTA98%20Tree%2FEntity%20TA98%20EN%2F&url_suffix=%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm&id=A08.0.00.000">Terminologia Anatomica</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ji "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koendama_mîzê&oldid=1759913">https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koendama_mîzê&oldid=1759913</a>" hatiye standin.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Taybet:Categories" title="Taybet:Categories">Kategorî</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategor%C3%AE:Biyoloj%C3%AE" 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