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href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.th"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ฟีดอะตอม วิกิพีเดีย" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ rootpage-ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ข้ามไปเนื้อหา</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="เมนูหลัก" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เมนูหลัก" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เมนูหลัก</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เมนูหลัก</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การนำทาง </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="เยี่ยมชมหน้าหลัก [z]" accesskey="z"><span>หน้าหลัก</span></a></li><li id="n-ask" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1"><span>ถามคำถาม</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ค้นหาข้อมูลเบื้องหลังในเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน"><span>เหตุการณ์ปัจจุบัน</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="โหลดหน้าแบบสุ่ม [x]" accesskey="x"><span>สุ่มบทความ</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ทำความรู้จักวิกิพีเดีย"><span>เกี่ยวกับวิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="วิธีการติดต่อวิกิพีเดีย"><span>ติดต่อเรา</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> มีส่วนร่วม </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D" title="ข้อแนะนำการใช้และแก้ไขวิกิพีเดีย"><span>คำอธิบาย</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99"><span>เริ่มต้นเขียน</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="เกี่ยวกับโครงการ สิ่งที่คุณทำได้ และวิธีการค้นหา"><span>ศาลาประชาคม</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในวิกินี้ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>ปรับปรุงล่าสุด</span></a></li><li id="n-discord" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94"><span>ดิสคอร์ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="วิกิพีเดีย" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" aria-label="ค้นหาใน วิกิพีเดีย" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="พิเศษ:ค้นหา"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ค้นหา</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-โครงสร้าง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#โครงสร้าง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>โครงสร้าง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-โครงสร้าง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="สารบัญ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 72 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="جهاز بولي – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جهاز بولي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_urinariu_humanu" title="Sistema urinariu humanu – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sistema urinariu humanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0frazat" title="İfrazat – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İfrazat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="মূত্র তন্ত্র – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মূত্র তন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benvegad_troazha%C3%B1" title="Benvegad troazhañ – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Benvegad troazhañ" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokra%C4%87ni_sistem" title="Mokraćni sistem – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mokraćni sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparell_urinari" title="Aparell urinari – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aparell urinari" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="کۆئەندامی میز – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆئەندامی میز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vylu%C4%8Dovac%C3%AD_soustava" title="Vylučovací soustava – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vylučovací soustava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C4%95%D0%BD_%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BA_%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Этемĕн шăк кăлару тытăмĕ – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Этемĕн шăк кăлару тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_wrin" title="System wrin – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="System wrin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harnwege" title="Harnwege – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harnwege" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%91%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%8B%DE%A7_%DE%82%DE%A8%DE%92%DE%A7%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ކުޑަކަމުދާ ނިޒާމް – ธิเวหิ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުޑަކަމުދާ ނިޒާމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ธิเวหิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Ουροποιητικό σύστημα – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουροποιητικό σύστημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Urinary system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urina_sistemo" title="Urina sistemo – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Urina sistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparato_urinario_humano" title="Aparato urinario humano – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aparato urinario humano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuseelundid" title="Kuseelundid – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuseelundid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gernu-aparatu" title="Gernu-aparatu – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gernu-aparatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_urinariu" title="Sistema urinariu – เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sistema urinariu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="เอกซ์เตรมาดูรา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="دستگاه ادراری – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دستگاه ادراری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtsanerityselimist%C3%B6" title="Virtsanerityselimistö – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virtsanerityselimistö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appareil_urinaire" title="Appareil urinaire – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Appareil urinaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_%C3%BAir%C3%ADneach" title="Córas úiríneach – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Córas úiríneach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_urinario" title="Sistema urinario – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema urinario" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%9F" title="מערכת השתן – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערכת השתן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="मूत्र प्रणाली – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मूत्र प्रणाली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokra%C4%87ni_sustav" title="Mokraćni sustav – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mokraćni sustav" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sist%C3%A8m_irin%C3%A8" title="Sistèm irinè – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sistèm irinè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3" title="Արտազատական համակարգ – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արտազատական համակարգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_perkemihan" title="Sistem perkemihan – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sistem perkemihan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Evagf%C3%A6rakerfi%C3%B0" title="Þvagfærakerfið – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þvagfærakerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparato_urinario" title="Apparato urinario – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apparato urinario" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E5%99%A8" title="泌尿器 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="泌尿器" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_urin" title="Sistem urin – ชวา" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem urin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Несеп жолдары – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Несеп жолдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B9" title="ಮಾನವನಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಸರ್ಜನಾಂಗ ವ್ಯೂಹ – กันนาดา" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾನವನಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಸರ್ಜನಾಂಗ ವ್ಯೂಹ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="กันนาดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%87%A8%EA%B3%84" title="비뇨계 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비뇨계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koendama_m%C3%AEz%C3%AA" title="Koendama mîzê – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Koendama mîzê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D2%AF%D0%BF_%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Заара бөлүп чыгаруу системасы – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Заара бөлүп чыгаруу системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_de_urina" title="Sistem de urina – ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sistem de urina" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0lapimo_organ%C5%B3_sistema" title="Šlapimo organų sistema – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šlapimo organų sistema" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C4%ABnorg%C4%81nu_sist%C4%93ma" title="Urīnorgānu sistēma – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Urīnorgānu sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5" title="മൂത്രാശയ വ്യവസ്ഥ – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൂത്രാശയ വ്യവസ്ഥ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="मूत्रवहसंस्था – มราฐี" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मूत्रवहसंस्था" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="มราฐี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_urin" title="Sistem urin – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem urin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinewegstelsel" title="Urinewegstelsel – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Urinewegstelsel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinveiene" title="Urinveiene – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Urinveiene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirna_fincaanii" title="Sirna fincaanii – โอโรโม" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sirna fincaanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="โอโรโม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparelho_urin%C3%A1rio" title="Aparelho urinário – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aparelho urinário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparatul_urinar" title="Aparatul urinar – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aparatul urinar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Мочевыделительная система человека – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мочевыделительная система человека" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinarni_sistem" title="Urinarni sistem – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Urinarni sistem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%BA" title="මූත්‍ර පථය – สิงหล" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මූත්‍ර පථය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="สิงหล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system" title="Urinary system – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Urinary system" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vylu%C4%8Dovacia_s%C3%BAstava" title="Vylučovacia sústava – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vylučovacia sústava" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C4%8Dila" title="Sečila – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sečila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_urinar" title="Sistemi urinar – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi urinar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Уринарни систем – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Уринарни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinsystemet" title="Urinsystemet – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Urinsystemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF" title="சிறுநீர்த்தொகுதி – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிறுநீர்த்தொகுதி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5" title="మూత్ర వ్యవస్థ – เตลูกู" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మూత్ర వ్యవస్థ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="เตลูกู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B7%D0%B2%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Узвҳои пешоб – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Узвҳои пешоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemang_pang-ihi" title="Sistemang pang-ihi – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sistemang pang-ihi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%9Falt%C4%B1m_sistemi" title="Boşaltım sistemi – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Boşaltım sistemi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Сидек системасы – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сидек системасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Сечова система – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сечова система" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%87_ti%E1%BA%BFt_ni%E1%BB%87u" title="Hệ tiết niệu – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hệ tiết niệu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="泌尿系统 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泌尿系统" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="泌尿系統 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泌尿系統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%8C%E5%B0%BF%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="泌尿系統 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泌尿系統" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isimiso_somchamo" title="Isimiso somchamo – ซูลู" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isimiso somchamo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="ซูลู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181100#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&oldid=11549415" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&action=info" title="ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับหน้านี้"><span>สารสนเทศหน้า</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&page=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&id=11549415&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="สารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับวิธีการอ้างอิงหน้านี้"><span>อ้างอิงบทความนี้</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2582%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2596%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B0"><span>รับยูอาร์แอลแบบสั้น</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2582%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2596%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B0"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_urinary_system" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q181100" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:dimgray; color: white"><i>ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Urinary_system.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/250px-Urinary_system.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/375px-Urinary_system.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Urinary_system.svg/500px-Urinary_system.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="670" /></a></span><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12102239">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1. <i>ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะมนุษย์:</i> <br />2. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ไต">ไต</a>, 3. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กรวยไต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กรวยไต</a>, 4. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ท่อไต">ท่อไต</a>, 5. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="กระเพาะปัสสาวะ">กระเพาะปัสสาวะ</a>, 6. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="ท่อปัสสาวะ">ท่อปัสสาวะ</a> (ตัดแบ่งหน้าหลัง), 7. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ต่อมหมวกไต">ต่อมหมวกไต</a></li> <li><i>หลอดเลือด:</i> <br />8. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หลอดเหลือดแดงไต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หลอดเลือดแดง</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หลอดเหลือดดำไต (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดำไต</a>, 9. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ท่อเลือดดำล่าง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ท่อเลือดดำล่าง</a>, 10. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เอออร์ตาส่วนท้อง">ท่อเลือดแดงส่วนท้อง</a>, 11. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หลอดเลือดแดงกระดูกปีกสะโพกร่วม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">หลอดเลือดแดง</a>และ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="หลอดเลือดดำกระดูกปีกสะโพกร่วม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ดำกระดูกปีกสะโพกร่วม</a></li> <li><i>โปร่งแสง:</i> <br />12. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ตับ">ตับ</a>, 13. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ลำไส้ใหญ่">ลำไส้ใหญ่</a>, 14. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เชิงกราน">เชิงกราน</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #efefef">รายละเอียด</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #efefef">ตัวระบุ</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ภาษาละติน">ภาษาละติน</a></th><td><i>Systema urinarium</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="หัวข้อเนื้อหาทางการแพทย์">MeSH</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D014551">D014551</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/08.0.00.000%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A08.0.00.000</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=3357">3357</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="แบบจำลองพื้นฐานของกายวิภาคศาสตร์">FMA</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fme.biostr.washington.edu/FME/index.jsp?fmaid=7159">7159</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อภิธานศัพท์กายวิภาคศาสตร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อภิธานศัพท์กายวิภาคศาสตร์</a></i></b><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100" class="extiw" title="d:Q181100">แก้ไขบนวิกิสนเทศ</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ</b> หรือ <b>ระบบทางเดินปัสสาวะ</b> ประกอบด้วย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ไต">ไต</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ท่อไต">ท่อไต</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="กระเพาะปัสสาวะ">กระเพาะปัสสาวะ</a> และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="ท่อปัสสาวะ">ท่อปัสสาวะ</a> หน้าที่ของระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ คือ กำจัดของเสียออกจากร่างกาย ควบคุมความดันเลือดและปริมาตรเลือดในกาย ควบคุมระดับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="อิเล็กโทรไลต์">อิเล็กโทรไลต์</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="สารในกระบวนการสร้างและสลาย">เมแทบอไลต์</a> และควบคุม<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="พีเอช (เคมี)">ค่าความเป็นกรดเบส</a>ของเลือด ทางเดินปัสสาวะเป็นระบบระบายน้ำของร่างกายโดยการขับปัสสาวะออกในท้ายที่สุด<sup id="cite_ref-NIH_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ที่ไตมีปริมาณเลือดไหลเข้าจำนวนมากโดยผ่านหลอดเลือดแดงไต และออกจากไตโดยผ่านหลอดเลือดดำไต ไตแต่ละข้างประกอบด้วยหน่วยการทำงานขนาดเล็ก เรียกว่า <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="หน่วยไต">หน่วยไต</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="เลือด">เลือด</a>จะถูกกรองและผ่านกระบวนการต่าง ๆ ทำให้ได้ของเสียในรูปของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="ปัสสาวะ">ปัสสาวะ</a>และออกจากไตทางท่อไต ซึ่งเป็นท่อที่ประกอบด้วยเส้นใยกล้ามเนื้อเรียบที่ดันให้ปัสสาวะไหลสู่กระเพาะปัสสาวะ ซึ่งเป็นที่เก็บปัสสาวะและขับออกนอกร่างกายโดย<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="การถ่ายปัสสาวะ">การถ่ายปัสสาวะ</a> ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะของเพศหญิงและเพศชายคล้ายกันมาก ต่างกันเพียงความยาวของท่อปัสสาวะ<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>โดยปกติแล้วจะมีปัสสาวะที่ถูกขับออกมา 800–2,000 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="มิลลิลิตร">มิลลิลิตร</a>ต่อวันในมนุษย์สุขภาพดี ปริมาณนี้จะแตกต่างกันไปตามการได้รับของเหลวเข้าสู่ร่างกายและการทำงานของไต </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="โครงสร้าง"><span id=".E0.B9.82.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87"></span>โครงสร้าง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: โครงสร้าง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span class="mw-3d-wrapper" data-label="3D"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl/220px-3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl/330px-3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl/440px-3DPX-002331_Urinary_collecting_system_3DFile.stl.png 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="2880" /></a></span><figcaption>แบบจำลองสามมิติของระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ</figcaption></figure> <ol><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ไต">ไต</a></b> (<span title="ข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ"><i lang="en">kidney</i></span>) ทำหน้าที่กรองของเสียออกจากเลือด ขับออกมาเป็นน้ำปัสสาวะไหลไปตามท่อเล็กๆในไต โดยไปรวมกันที่กรวยไต จากนั้นก็ไหลผ่านท่อไตลงสู่กระเพาะปัสสาวะ พร้อมที่จะขับออกมานอกร่างกายทางท่อปัสสาวะ</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ท่อไต">ท่อไต</a></b> (<span title="ข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ"><i lang="en">ureter</i></span>) เป็นท่อที่ออกมาจากไตในแต่ละข้างไปสู่กระเพาะปัสสาวะ</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="กระเพาะปัสสาวะ">กระเพาะปัสสาวะ</a></b> (<span title="ข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ"><i lang="en">bladder</i></span>) สามารถบรรจุน้ำปัสสาวะได้ประมาณ 500–1,000 มิลลิลิตร</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="ท่อปัสสาวะ">ท่อปัสสาวะ</a></b> (<span title="ข้อความภาษาอังกฤษ"><i lang="en">urethra</i></span>) เป็นท่อเล็ก ๆ ที่ออกมาจากกระเพาะปัสสาวะเพื่อจะนำน้ำปัสสาวะออกไปนอกร่างกาย</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์"><span id=".E0.B8.88.E0.B8.B8.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A0.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A8.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.8C"></span>จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: จุลกายวิภาคศาสตร์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ภายใต้กล้องจุลทรรศน์ ผนังด้านในของระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะจะถูกคลุมด้วย<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เนื้อเยื่อบุผิวชนิดแปรเปลี่ยน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เนื้อเยื่อบุผิวชนิดแปรเปลี่ยน</a> แตกต่างกับ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="เนื้อเยื่อบุผิว">เนื้อเยื่อบุผิว</a>ที่บุอวัยวะส่วนใหญ่ในร่างกาย เนื้อเยื่อบุผิวชนิดแปรเปลี่ยนนี้มีลักษณะทั้งราบเรียบและโป่งขยายได้ โดยจะคลุมส่วนใหญ่ของระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ รวมไปถึงกรวยไต ท่อไต และกระเพาะปัสสาวะ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12126193">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NIH-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NIH_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/urinary-tract-how-it-works">"The Urinary Tract & How It Works | NIDDK"</a>. <i>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Diabetes+and+Digestive+and+Kidney+Diseases&rft.atitle=The+Urinary+Tract+%26+How+It+Works+%7C+NIDDK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niddk.nih.gov%2Fhealth-information%2Furologic-diseases%2Furinary-tract-how-it-works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFC._Dugdale2011" class="citation web cs1">C. Dugdale, David (16 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/1122.htm">"Female urinary tract"</a>. <i>MedLine Plus Medical Encyclopedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MedLine+Plus+Medical+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Female+urinary+tract&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=C.+Dugdale&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fmedlineplus%2Fency%2Fimagepages%2F1122.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12093835">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87" title="กระดูกแข้ง">กระดูกแข้ง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="กระดูกอัลนา">กระดูกอัลนา</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="กระดูกซี่โครง">กระดูกซี่โครง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="กระดูกสันหลัง">กระดูกสันหลัง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="เชิงกราน">เชิงกราน</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="กระดูกสันอก">กระดูกสันอก</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="กระดูกอ่อน">กระดูกอ่อน</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ข้อต่อ">ข้อต่อ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ข้อต่อชนิดเส้นใย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ข้อต่อชนิดเส้นใย</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ข้อต่อชนิดกระดูกอ่อน 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="เอ็นกล้ามเนื้อ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เอ็นกล้ามเนื้อ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="กะบังลม">กะบังลม</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบไหลเวียน">ระบบไหลเวียน</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ระบบหัวใจและหลอดเลือด">ระบบหัวใจและหลอดเลือด</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88" title="หัวใจ">หัวใจ</a></li> <li><i>ส่วนรอบนอก</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="หลอดเลือดแดง">หลอดเลือดแดง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3" title="หลอดเลือดดำ">หลอดเลือดดำ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="หลอดน้ำเหลือง">หลอดน้ำเหลือง</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบน้ำเหลือง">ระบบน้ำเหลือง</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ปฐมภูมิ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="ไขกระดูก">ไขกระดูก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="ต่อมไทมัส">ต่อมไทมัส</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ทุติยภูมิ</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1" title="ม้าม">ม้าม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ต่อมน้ำเหลือง">ต่อมน้ำเหลือง</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="ระบบประสาท">ระบบประสาท</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="สมองมนุษย์">สมอง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ไขสันหลัง">ไขสันหลัง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97" title="เส้นประสาท">เส้นประสาท</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ระบบรับความรู้สึก">ระบบรับความรู้สึก</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B9" title="หู">หู</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ตา">ตา</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบผิวหนัง">ระบบผิวหนัง</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ผิวหนัง">ผิวหนัง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" class="mw-redirect" title="เนื้อเยื่อใต้ผิวหนัง">เนื้อเยื่อใต้ผิวหนัง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1" title="เต้านม">เต้านม</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ต่อมน้ำนม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ต่อมน้ำนม</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ระบบเลือดและ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบภูมิคุ้มกัน">ภูมิคุ้มกัน</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไมอิลอยด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไมอิลอยด์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ลิมโฟไซต์">ลิมฟอยด์</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88" title="ระบบหายใจ">ระบบหายใจ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99" title="ทางเดินหายใจส่วนบน">ทางเดินหายใจส่วนบน</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="จมูก">จมูก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="คอหอย">คอหอย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="กล่องเสียง">กล่องเสียง</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ทางเดินหายใจส่วนล่าง">ทางเดินหายใจส่วนล่าง</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="ท่อลม (กายวิภาคศาสตร์)">ท่อลม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1" title="หลอดลม">หลอดลม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="ปอด">ปอด</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="ระบบย่อยอาหาร">ระบบย่อยอาหาร</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="ปาก">ปาก</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="ต่อมน้ำลาย">ต่อมน้ำลาย</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ลิ้น">ลิ้น</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="ริมฝีปาก">ริมฝีปาก</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ทางเดินอาหารส่วนบน</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2#คอหอยส่วนปาก" title="คอหอย">คอหอยส่วนปาก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2#คอหอยส่วนกล่องเสียง" title="คอหอย">คอหอยส่วนกล่องเสียง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="หลอดอาหาร">หลอดอาหาร</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="กระเพาะอาหาร">กระเพาะอาหาร</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>ทางเดินอาหารส่วนล่าง</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="ลำไส้เล็ก">ลำไส้เล็ก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ไส้ติ่ง">ไส้ติ่ง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="ลำไส้ใหญ่">ลำไส้ใหญ่</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="ไส้ตรง">ไส้ตรง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81" title="ทวารหนัก">ทวารหนัก</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>อวัยวะช่วยย่อยอาหาร</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="ตับ">ตับ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ทางเดินน้ำดี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทางเดินน้ำดี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ตับอ่อน">ตับอ่อน</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ระบบขับถ่ายปัสสาวะ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไตท่อ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไตท่อ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ท่อไต">ท่อไต</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="กระเพาะปัสสาวะ">กระเพาะปัสสาวะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="ปัสสาวะ">ปัสสาวะ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C" title="ระบบสืบพันธุ์">ระบบสืบพันธุ์</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ระบบสืบพันธุ์เพศชาย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เพศชาย</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B0" title="ถุงอัณฑะ">ถุงอัณฑะ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="องคชาตมนุษย์">องคชาต</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ขนาดองคชาตมนุษย์">ขนาด</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81" title="ต่อมลูกหมาก">ต่อมลูกหมาก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%91%E0%B8%B0" title="อัณฑะ">อัณฑะ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ถุงน้ำอสุจิ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ถุงน้ำอสุจิ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ระบบสืบพันธุ์เพศหญิง (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เพศหญิง</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%81" title="มดลูก">มดลูก</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="ช่องคลอด">ช่องคลอด</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="โยนี">โยนี</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88" title="รังไข่">รังไข่</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81" title="รก">รก</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD" title="ระบบต่อมไร้ท่อ">ระบบต่อมไร้ท่อ</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="ต่อมใต้สมอง">ต่อมใต้สมอง</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A5" title="ต่อมไพเนียล">ต่อมไพเนียล</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ต่อมไทรอยด์">ต่อมไทรอยด์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ต่อมพาราไทรอยด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ต่อมพาราไทรอยด์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95" title="ต่อมหมวกไต">ต่อมหมวกไต</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ไอส์เลตออฟลังเกอร์ฮันส์">ไอส์เลตออฟลังเกอร์ฮันส์</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กายวิภาคศาสตร์">กายวิภาคศาสตร์</a>ทั่วไป: <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B0" title="แม่แบบ:ระบบและอวัยวะ">ระบบอวัยวะและอวัยวะ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="แม่แบบ:กายวิภาคศาสตร์เฉพาะส่วน">กายวิภาคศาสตร์เฉพาะส่วน</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:ระนาบและเส้นทางกายวิภาคศาสตร์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ระนาบและเส้น</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="แม่แบบ:กายวิภาคศาสตร์พื้นผิวของแกนลำตัว">กายวิภาคศาสตร์พื้นผิวของแกนลำตัว</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="แม่แบบ:กายวิภาคศาสตร์พื้นผิวของรยางค์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กายวิภาคศาสตร์พื้นผิวของรยางค์</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9895811">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Vitruvian-Icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vitruvian-Icon.png/35px-Vitruvian-Icon.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vitruvian-Icon.png/53px-Vitruvian-Icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Vitruvian-Icon.png/70px-Vitruvian-Icon.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="915" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body"> บทความ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กายวิภาคศาสตร์">กายวิภาคศาสตร์</a>นี้ยังเป็น<a 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