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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anarcho-primitivism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarxo-primitivizm" title="Anarxo-primitivizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Anarxo-primitivizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Анархо-примитивизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Анархо-примитивизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcoprimitivisme" title="Anarcoprimitivisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anarcoprimitivisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchoprimitivismus" title="Anarchoprimitivismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anarchoprimitivismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-primitivisme" title="Anarko-primitivisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anarko-primitivisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitivismus" title="Primitivismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Primitivismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%80%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αναρχοπρωτογονισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αναρχοπρωτογονισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarquismo_primitivista" title="Anarquismo primitivista – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anarquismo primitivista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarki-primitivismo" title="Anarki-primitivismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Anarki-primitivismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-primitibismo" title="Anarko-primitibismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Anarko-primitibismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-primitivisme" title="Anarcho-primitivisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anarcho-primitivisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%82%98%EB%A5%B4%EC%BD%94%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="아나르코원시주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아나르코원시주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarhoprimitivizam" title="Anarhoprimitivizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anarhoprimitivizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-primitivisme" title="Anarko-primitivisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Anarko-primitivisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitivismo" title="Primitivismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Primitivismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%95-%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אנרכו-פרימיטיביזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרכו-פרימיטיביזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-primitivismus" title="Anarcho-primitivismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anarcho-primitivismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchoprimityvizmas" title="Anarchoprimityvizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anarchoprimityvizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchoprimitivisme" title="Anarchoprimitivisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anarchoprimitivisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-primitivisme" title="Anarcho-primitivisme – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Anarcho-primitivisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="無政府原始主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無政府原始主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitivisme" title="Primitivisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Primitivisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcoprimitivisme" title="Anarcoprimitivisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anarcoprimitivisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchoprymitywizm" title="Anarchoprymitywizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Anarchoprymitywizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcoprimitivismo" title="Anarcoprimitivismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Anarcoprimitivismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarho-primitivism" title="Anarho-primitivism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anarho-primitivism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анархо-примитивизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Анархо-примитивизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Anarcho-primitivism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchoprimitivizmus" title="Anarchoprimitivizmus – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anarchoprimitivizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarho-primitivizam" title="Anarho-primitivizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Anarho-primitivizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarkoprimitivismi" title="Anarkoprimitivismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Anarkoprimitivismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-primitivism" title="Anarko-primitivism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Anarko-primitivism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarko-ilkelcilik" title="Anarko-ilkelcilik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anarko-ilkelcilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Анархо-примітивізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Анархо-примітивізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="無政府原始主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="無政府原始主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q667672#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Green_anarchism" title="Category:Green anarchism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Green" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Green_and_Black_flag.svg/100px-Green_and_Black_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Green_and_Black_flag.svg/150px-Green_and_Black_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Green_and_Black_flag.svg/200px-Green_and_Black_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Schools of thought</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_syndicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Green syndicalism">Green syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_liberation" title="Total liberation">Total liberation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory and practice</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti-authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalism" title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioregionalism" title="Bioregionalism">Bioregionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">Deindustrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocentrism" title="Ecocentrism">Ecocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalism" title="Municipalism">Municipalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(philosophy)" title="Naturalism (philosophy)">Naturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Luddism" title="Neo-Luddism">Neo-Luddism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Malthusianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Malthusianism">Neo-Malthusianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_communism" title="Primitive communism">Primitive communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_nature" title="Back to nature">Return to nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_in_diversity" title="Unity in diversity">Unity in diversity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Green_anarchists" title="Category:Green anarchists">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Abbey" title="Edward Abbey">Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judi_Bari" title="Judi Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Biehl" title="Janet Biehl">Biehl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Camenisch" title="Marco Camenisch">Camenisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Carter_(philosopher)" title="Alan Carter (philosopher)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chellis_Glendinning" title="Chellis Glendinning">Glendinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Jensen" title="Derrick Jensen">Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Morris_(anthropologist)" title="Brian Morris (anthropologist)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Næss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fredy_Perlman" title="Fredy Perlman">Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkpatrick_Sale" title="Kirkpatrick Sale">Sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sempr%C3%BAn" title="Jaime Semprún">Semprún</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Snyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Books and publications</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden, or life in the woods</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fields,_Factories,_and_Workshops" title="Fields, Factories, and Workshops">Fields, Factories, and Workshops</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Aid:_A_Factor_of_Evolution" title="Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution">Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution</a></i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post-Scarcity_Anarchism" title="Post-Scarcity Anarchism">Post-Scarcity Anarchism</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ecology_of_Freedom" title="The Ecology of Freedom">The Ecology of Freedom</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Anarchist" title="Green Anarchist">Green Anarchist</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Future_Primitive_and_Other_Essays" title="Future Primitive and Other Essays">Future Primitive and Other Essays</a></i> (1994)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_anarchism_sidebar" title="Template:Green anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_anarchism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Green anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_anarchism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green anarchism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Anarcho-primitivism</b>, also known as <b>anti-civilization anarchism</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> critique of <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilization</a> that advocates a return to non-civilized ways of life through <a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">deindustrialization</a>, abolition of the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of labor">division of labor</a> or specialization, abandonment of large-scale organization and all <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> other than <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">prehistoric technology</a>, and the dissolution of agriculture. Anarcho-primitivists critique the origins and alleged progress of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrial_society" title="Industrial society">industrial society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEel-OjeiliTaylor2020169–170_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEel-OjeiliTaylor2020169–170-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most anarcho-primitivists advocate for a tribal-like way of life while some see an even simpler lifestyle as beneficial. According to anarcho-primitivists, the shift from <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherer</a> to <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_subsistence" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural subsistence">agricultural subsistence</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> gave rise to <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">social alienation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_stratification" title="Social stratification">social stratification</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeihouniMaleki201667_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeihouniMaleki201667-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarcho-primitivism argues that civilization is at the root of societal and environmental problems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primitivists also consider domestication, technology and language to cause social alienation from "authentic reality". As a result, they propose the abolition of civilization and a return to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roots">Roots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The roots of primitivism lay in <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment philosophy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">critical theory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early-modern philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a> blamed <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cooperation" title="Cooperation">cooperation</a> for the development of <a href="/wiki/Social_inequality" title="Social inequality">social inequality</a> and causing <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <i><a href="/wiki/Discourse_on_Inequality" title="Discourse on Inequality">Discourse on Inequality</a></i>, Rousseau depicted the <a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">state of nature</a> as a "<a href="/wiki/Primitive_communism" title="Primitive communism">primitivist utopia</a>";<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, he stopped short of advocating a return to it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall2008124_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall2008124-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, he called for political institutions to be recreated anew, in harmony with nature and without the artificiality of modern civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall200815_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall200815-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, critical theorist <a href="/wiki/Max_Horkheimer" title="Max Horkheimer">Max Horkheimer</a> argued that <a href="/wiki/Environmental_degradation" title="Environmental degradation">Environmental degradation</a> stemmed directly from <a href="/wiki/Social_oppression" class="mw-redirect" title="Social oppression">social oppression</a>, which had <a href="/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value" title="Labor theory of value">vested all value in labor</a> and consequently caused widespread <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">alienation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Zerzan,_2010_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Zerzan%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-John_Zerzan%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Zerzan%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-John_Zerzan%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/John_Zerzan%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-John_Zerzan%2C_2010_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">John Zerzan</a>, the main theoretical proponent of anarcho-primitivism</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern school of anarcho-primitivism was primarily developed by <a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">John Zerzan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165Price2012240–241Price2019289_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165Price2012240–241Price2019289-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose work was released at a time when <a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">green anarchist</a> theories of <a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">deep ecology</a> were beginning to attract interest. Primitivism, as outlined in Zerzan's work, first gained popularity as enthusiasm in deep ecology began to wane.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zerzan claimed that pre-civilization societies were inherently superior to modern civilization and that the move towards agriculture and the increasing use of technology had resulted in the alienation and oppression of humankind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241Price2019289_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241Price2019289-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zerzan argued that under civilization, humans and other species have undergone <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domestication</a>, which stripped them of their agency and subjected them to control by <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>. He also claimed that <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> had caused <a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">alienation</a>, as they replaced "authentic reality" with an abstracted representation of reality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to counteract such issues, Zerzan proposed that humanity return to a <a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">state of nature</a>, which he believed would increase <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a> and individual <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> by abolishing <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence" title="Monopoly on violence">organized violence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labour" title="Division of labour">division of labour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010165_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010165-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primitivist thinker <a href="/wiki/Paul_Shepard" title="Paul Shepard">Paul Shepard</a> also criticized domestication, which he believed had devalued non-human life and reduced human life to their labor and property. Other primitivist authors have drawn different conclusions to Zerzan on the origins of alienation, with John Fillis blaming <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Heinberg" title="Richard Heinberg">Richard Heinberg</a> claiming it to be a result of <a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychology" title="Addiction psychology">addiction psychology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adoption_and_practice">Adoption and practice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Adoption and practice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primitivist ideas were taken up by the <a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">eco-terrorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a>, although he has been repeatedly criticised for his violent means by more pacifistic anarcho-primitivists, who instead advocate for non-violent forms of <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">direct action</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primitivist concepts have also taken root within the philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">deep ecology</a>, inspiring the direct actions of groups such as <a href="/wiki/Earth_First!" title="Earth First!">Earth First!</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167–170_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167–170-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another radical environmentalist group, the <a href="/wiki/Earth_Liberation_Front" title="Earth Liberation Front">Earth Liberation Front</a> (ELF), was directly influenced by anarcho-primitivism and its calls for <a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">rewilding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2013298_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2013298-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Primitivists and green anarchists have adopted the concept of ecological <a href="/wiki/Rewilding" title="Rewilding">rewilding</a> as part of their practice, i.e., using reclaimed skills and methods to work towards a sustainable future while undoing institutions of civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEtherington2024246_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtherington2024246-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anarcho-primitivist periodicals include <i>Green Anarchy</i> and <i>Species Traitor</i>. The former, self-described as an "anti-civilization journal of theory and action" and printed in <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, was first published in 2000 and expanded from a 16-page newsprint tabloid to a 76-page magazine covering <a href="/wiki/Monkeywrenching" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkeywrenching">monkeywrenching</a> topics such as pipeline sabotage and animal liberation. <i>Species Traitor</i>, edited by Kevin Tucker, is self-described as "an insurrectionary anarcho-primitivist journal", with essays against literacy and for hunter gatherer societies. Adjacent periodicals include the radical environmental journal <i>Earth First!</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticisms">Criticisms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A common criticism is of <a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">hypocrisy</a>, i.e. that people rejecting civilization typically maintain a civilized lifestyle themselves, often while still using the very industrial technology that they oppose in order to spread their message. Activist writer <a href="/wiki/Derrick_Jensen" title="Derrick Jensen">Derrick Jensen</a> counters that this criticism merely resorts to an <i><a href="/wiki/Ad_hominem" title="Ad hominem">ad hominem</a></i> argument, attacking individuals but not the actual validity of their beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further responds that working to entirely avoid such hypocrisy is ineffective, self-serving, and a convenient misdirection of activist energies.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primitivist John Zerzan admits that living with this hypocrisy is a <a href="/wiki/Necessary_evil" title="Necessary evil">necessary evil</a> for continuing to contribute to the larger intellectual conversation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wolfi Landstreicher and <a href="/wiki/Jason_McQuinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason McQuinn">Jason McQuinn</a>, post-leftists, have both criticized the romanticized exaggerations of indigenous societies and the <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> (and even mystical) <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_nature" title="Appeal to nature">appeal to nature</a> they perceive in anarcho-primitivist ideology and <a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">deep ecology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McQuinn_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McQuinn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a> also argued that anarcho-primitivists have exaggerated the short working week of <a href="/wiki/Urgesellschaft" title="Urgesellschaft">primitive society</a>, arguing that they only examine the process of food extraction and not the processing of food, creation of fire and childcare, which adds up to over 40 hours a week.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 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/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abecedarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Abecedarians">Abecedarians</a>, religious sect supposedly opposed to learning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-modernization" title="Anti-modernization">Anti-modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">Deindustrialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomer" title="Doomer">Doomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_liberation" title="Earth liberation">Earth liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-communalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-communalism">Eco-communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_ethics" title="Environmental ethics">Environmental ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology" title="Evolutionary psychology">Evolutionary 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class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_communism" title="Primitive communism">Primitive communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(conservation_biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (conservation biology)">Rewilding (conservation biology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_nature" title="State of nature">State of nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivalism" title="Survivalism">Survivalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Year_Zero_(political_notion)" title="Year Zero (political notion)">Year Zero (political notion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Anarchism">National Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualists_Tending_to_the_Wild" title="Individualists Tending to the Wild">Individualists Tending to the Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoterrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecoterrorism">Ecoterrorism</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEel-OjeiliTaylor2020169–170-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEel-OjeiliTaylor2020169–170_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFel-OjeiliTaylor2020">el-Ojeili & Taylor 2020</a>, pp. 169–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeihouniMaleki201667-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeihouniMaleki201667_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJeihouniMaleki2016">Jeihouni & Maleki 2016</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010166–167_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, pp. 166–167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong2013">Long 2013</a>, pp. 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall2008124-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall2008124_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong2013">Long 2013</a>, pp. 218–219; <a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall200815-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELong2013218–219Marshall200815_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLong2013">Long 2013</a>, pp. 218–219; <a href="#CITEREFMarshall2008">Marshall 2008</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165Price2012240–241Price2019289-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165Price2012240–241Price2019289_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, pp. 164–165; <a href="#CITEREFPrice2012">Price 2012</a>, pp. 240–241; <a href="#CITEREFPrice2019">Price 2019</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice2012">Price 2012</a>, pp. 240–241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241Price2019289-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2012240–241Price2019289_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice2012">Price 2012</a>, pp. 240–241; <a href="#CITEREFPrice2019">Price 2019</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010164–165_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, pp. 164–165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010165-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010165_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167–170-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAaltola2010167–170_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAaltola2010">Aaltola 2010</a>, pp. 167–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2013298-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHumphrey2013298_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHumphrey2013">Humphrey 2013</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEtherington2024246-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEtherington2024246_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEtherington2024">Etherington 2024</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDodge2006" class="citation web cs1">Dodge, Chris (July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.utne.com/community/streetlibrarianapocalypsesoon/">"Apocalypse Soon?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Utne_Reader" title="Utne Reader">Utne</a></i>. pp. 38–39. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1544-2225">1544-2225</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/217426998">217426998</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Utne&rft.atitle=Apocalypse+Soon%3F&rft.pages=38-39&rft.date=2006-07&rft.issn=1544-2225&rft.aulast=Dodge&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.utne.com%2Fcommunity%2Fstreetlibrarianapocalypsesoon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Derrick_Jensen" title="Derrick Jensen">Jensen, Derrick</a> (2006). <i>The Problem of Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Endgame_(Derrick_Jensen_books)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endgame (Derrick Jensen books)">Endgame</a>. Vol. 1. New York: <a href="/wiki/Seven_Stories_Press" title="Seven Stories Press">Seven Stories Press</a>. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58322-730-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58322-730-5"><bdi>978-1-58322-730-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Problem+of+Civilization&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Endgame&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Seven+Stories+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-58322-730-5&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=Derrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen, 2006, pp. 173–174: "[Although it's] vital to make lifestyle choices to mitigate damage caused by being a member of industrial civilization... to assign primary responsibility to oneself, and to focus primarily on making oneself better, is an immense copout, an abrogation of responsibility. With all the world at stake, it is self-indulgent, self-righteous, and self-important. It is also nearly ubiquitous. And it serves the interests of those in power by keeping our focus off them."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/mayday/story/0,7369,475181,00.html">"Anarchy in the USA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. 20 April 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anarchy+in+the+USA&rft.date=2001-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmayday%2Fstory%2F0%2C7369%2C475181%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McQuinn-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McQuinn_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcQuinn" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_McQuinn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason McQuinn">McQuinn, Jason</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/various-authors-a-dialog-on-primitivism#toc3"><i>Why I am not a Primitivist</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+I+am+not+a+Primitivist&rft.aulast=McQuinn&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2Flibrary%2Fvarious-authors-a-dialog-on-primitivism%23toc3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theanarchistlibrary.org/HTML/Wolfi_Landstreicher__The_Network_of_Domination.html#toc11">"The Network of Domination"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Network+of+Domination&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheanarchistlibrary.org%2FHTML%2FWolfi_Landstreicher__The_Network_of_Domination.html%23toc11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaczynski2008" class="citation book cs1">Kaczynski, Theodore (2008). <i>The Truth About Primitive Life: A Critique of Primitivism</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truth+About+Primitive+Life%3A+A+Critique+of+Primitivism&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Kaczynski&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaltola2010" class="citation book cs1">Aaltola, Elisa (2010). "Green Anarchy: Deep Ecology and Primitivism". In Franks, Benjamin; Wilson, Matthew (eds.). <i>Anarchism and Moral Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 161–185. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230289680_9">10.1057/9780230289680_9</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28968-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-28968-0"><bdi>978-0-230-28968-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Green+Anarchy%3A+Deep+Ecology+and+Primitivism&rft.btitle=Anarchism+and+Moral+Philosophy&rft.pages=161-185&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230289680_9&rft.isbn=978-0-230-28968-0&rft.aulast=Aaltola&rft.aufirst=Elisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Becker, Michael (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=1580329"><i>Anarcho-Primitivism: The Green Scare in Green Political Theory</i></a> (Annual Meeting Paper). Western Political Science Association. pp. 1–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Anarcho-Primitivism%3A+The+Green+Scare+in+Green+Political+Theory&rft.inst=Western+Political+Science+Association&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D1580329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCudworth2019" class="citation book cs1">Cudworth, Erika (2019). "Farming and Food". In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland" title="Cham, Switzerland">Cham, Switzerland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 641–658. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_36">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75620-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75620-2"><bdi>978-3-319-75620-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242090793">242090793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Farming+and+Food&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=641-658&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242090793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_36&rft.isbn=978-3-319-75620-2&rft.aulast=Cudworth&rft.aufirst=Erika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddebo2017" class="citation journal cs1">Eddebo, Johan (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1205588&dswid=-7478">"Babylon Will Be Found No More: On Affinities Between Christianity and Anarcho-Primitivism"</a>. <i>Journal of Religion and Society</i>. <b>19</b>: 1–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1522-5658">1522-5658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Society&rft.atitle=Babylon+Will+Be+Found+No+More%3A+On+Affinities+Between+Christianity+and+Anarcho-Primitivism&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1522-5658&rft.aulast=Eddebo&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diva-portal.org%2Fsmash%2Frecord.jsf%3Fpid%3Ddiva2%253A1205588%26dswid%3D-7478&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFel-OjeiliTaylor2020" class="citation journal cs1">el-Ojeili, Chamsy; Taylor, Dylan (2 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08935696.2020.1727256">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Future in the Past": Anarcho-primitivism and the Critique of Civilization Today"</a>. <i>Rethinking Marxism</i>. <b>32</b> (2): 168–186. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08935696.2020.1727256">10.1080/08935696.2020.1727256</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0893-5696">0893-5696</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219015323">219015323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rethinking+Marxism&rft.atitle=%22The+Future+in+the+Past%22%3A+Anarcho-primitivism+and+the+Critique+of+Civilization+Today&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=168-186&rft.date=2020-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219015323%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0893-5696&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08935696.2020.1727256&rft.aulast=el-Ojeili&rft.aufirst=Chamsy&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F08935696.2020.1727256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtherington2024" class="citation journal cs1">Etherington, Ben (June 2024). "Is Rewilding Twenty-First-Century Primitivism?". <i>Comparative Literature</i>. <b>76</b> (2): 240–259. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F00104124-11052901">10.1215/00104124-11052901</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4124">0010-4124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Literature&rft.atitle=Is+Rewilding+Twenty-First-Century+Primitivism%3F&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=240-259&rft.date=2024-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00104124-11052901&rft.issn=0010-4124&rft.aulast=Etherington&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardenier2016" class="citation journal cs1">Gardenier, Matthijs (2016). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn-int.info/journal-societes-2016-1-page-97.htm">"The "anti-tech" movement, between anarcho-primitivism and the neo-luddite"</a></span>. <i>Sociétés</i>. <b>131</b> (1): 97–106. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fsoc.131.0097">10.3917/soc.131.0097</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0765-3697">0765-3697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s&rft.atitle=The+%22anti-tech%22+movement%2C+between+anarcho-primitivism+and+the+neo-luddite&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=97-106&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fsoc.131.0097&rft.issn=0765-3697&rft.aulast=Gardenier&rft.aufirst=Matthijs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn-int.info%2Fjournal-societes-2016-1-page-97.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphrey2013" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey, Matthew (2013). 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In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred (eds.). <i>The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 291–302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-87456-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-87456-4"><bdi>978-0-415-87456-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2012013795">2012013795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Environmentalism&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Social+and+Political+Philosophy&rft.pages=291-302&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2012013795&rft.isbn=978-0-415-87456-4&rft.aulast=Humphrey&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeihouniMaleki2016" class="citation journal cs1">Jeihouni, Mojtaba; Maleki, Nasser (12 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.um.es/ijes/article/view/238911">"Far from the madding civilization: Anarcho-primitivism and revolt against disintegration in Eugene O'Neill's The Hairy Ape"</a>. <i>International Journal of English Studies</i>. <b>16</b> (2): 61–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.6018%2Fijes%2F2016%2F2%2F238911">10.6018/ijes/2016/2/238911</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10201%2F51564">10201/51564</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1989-6131">1989-6131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+English+Studies&rft.atitle=Far+from+the+madding+civilization%3A+Anarcho-primitivism+and+revolt+against+disintegration+in+Eugene+O%27Neill%27s+The+Hairy+Ape&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=61-80&rft.date=2016-12-12&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10201%2F51564&rft.issn=1989-6131&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.6018%2Fijes%2F2016%2F2%2F238911&rft.aulast=Jeihouni&rft.aufirst=Mojtaba&rft.au=Maleki%2C+Nasser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.um.es%2Fijes%2Farticle%2Fview%2F238911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong2013" class="citation book cs1">Long, Roderick T. (2013). "Anarchism". In Gaus, Gerald F.; D'Agostino, Fred (eds.). <i>The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 217–230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-87456-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-87456-4"><bdi>978-0-415-87456-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2012013795">2012013795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anarchism&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Social+and+Political+Philosophy&rft.pages=217-230&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2012013795&rft.isbn=978-0-415-87456-4&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Roderick+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(author)" title="Peter Marshall (author)">Marshall, Peter H.</a> (2008) [1992]. <i><a href="/wiki/Demanding_the_Impossible" title="Demanding the Impossible">Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1"><bdi>978-0-00-686245-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/218212571">218212571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demanding+the+Impossible%3A+A+History+of+Anarchism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F218212571&rft.isbn=978-0-00-686245-1&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Morris_(anthropologist)" title="Brian Morris (anthropologist)">Morris, Brian</a> (2017). 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"Ecocentrism". In Franks, Benjamin; Jun, Nathan; Williams, Leonard (eds.). <i>Anarchism: A Conceptual Approach</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 219–233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-92565-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-92565-6"><bdi>978-1-138-92565-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2017044519">2017044519</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ecocentrism&rft.btitle=Anarchism%3A+A+Conceptual+Approach&rft.pages=219-233&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2017044519&rft.isbn=978-1-138-92565-6&rft.aulast=Parson&rft.aufirst=Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2012" class="citation book cs1">Price, Andy (2012). "Social Ecology". In <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a> (ed.). <i>The Continuum Companion to Anarchism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. pp. 231–249. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4270-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4270-2"><bdi>978-1-4411-4270-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Social+Ecology&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Companion+to+Anarchism&rft.pages=231-249&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-4270-2&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2019" class="citation book cs1">Price, Andy (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9783319756196">"Green Anarchism"</a>. In Adams, Matthew S.; Levy, Carl (eds.). <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland" title="Cham, Switzerland">Cham, Switzerland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. pp. 281–291. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_16">10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75620-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-75620-2"><bdi>978-3-319-75620-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242090793">242090793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Green+Anarchism&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Anarchism&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=281-291&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242090793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-75620-2_16&rft.isbn=978-3-319-75620-2&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palgrave.com%2Fus%2Fbook%2F9783319756196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurkis2012" class="citation book cs1">Purkis, Johnathan (2012). "The Hitchhiker as Theorist: Rethinking Sociology and Anthropology from an Anarchist Perspective". In <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Kinna" title="Ruth Kinna">Kinna, Ruth</a> (ed.). <i>The Continuum Companion to Anarchism</i>. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. pp. 140–161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4270-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-4270-2"><bdi>978-1-4411-4270-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Hitchhiker+as+Theorist%3A+Rethinking+Sociology+and+Anthropology+from+an+Anarchist+Perspective&rft.btitle=The+Continuum+Companion+to+Anarchism&rft.pages=140-161&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-4270-2&rft.aulast=Purkis&rft.aufirst=Johnathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakoorAhmad2022" class="citation journal cs1">Shakoor, Abdul; Ahmad, Mustanir (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pjsr.com.pk/ojs/index.php/PJSR/article/view/782">"Anarcho-Primitivism in D.H. Lawrence's Post War Fiction: An Eco-Critical Analysis"</a>. <i>Pakistan Journal of Social Research</i>. <b>4</b> (4): 10–17. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.52567%2Fpjsr.v4i04.782">10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.782</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2710-3137">2710-3137</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:254323210">254323210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Journal+of+Social+Research&rft.atitle=Anarcho-Primitivism+in+D.H.+Lawrence%27s+Post+War+Fiction%3A+An+Eco-Critical+Analysis&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=10-17&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A254323210%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2710-3137&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.52567%2Fpjsr.v4i04.782&rft.aulast=Shakoor&rft.aufirst=Abdul&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Mustanir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpjsr.com.pk%2Fojs%2Findex.php%2FPJSR%2Farticle%2Fview%2F782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Mick (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/whp/ev/2002/00000011/00000004/art00002">"The State of Nature: The Political Philosophy of Primitivism and the Culture of Contamination"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Values" title="Environmental Values">Environmental Values</a></i>. <b>11</b> (4): 407–425. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3197%2F096327102129341154">10.3197/096327102129341154</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1752-7015">1752-7015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Values&rft.atitle=The+State+of+Nature%3A+The+Political+Philosophy+of+Primitivism+and+the+Culture+of+Contamination&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=407-425&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3197%2F096327102129341154&rft.issn=1752-7015&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingentaconnect.com%2Fcontent%2Fwhp%2Fev%2F2002%2F00000011%2F00000004%2Fart00002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFiliss2002" class="citation web cs1">Filiss, John (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190730185307/http://www.primitivism.com/what-is-primitivism.htm">"What is Primitivism?"</a>. <i>Primitivism</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primitivism.com/what-is-primitivism.htm">the original</a> on 30 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Primitivism&rft.atitle=What+is+Primitivism%3F&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Filiss&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.primitivism.com%2Fwhat-is-primitivism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheppard2008" class="citation book cs1">Sheppard, Brian Oliver (2008) [2003]. <i>Anarchism vs Primitivism</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Active Distribution. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1291401071">1291401071</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchism+vs+Primitivism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Active+Distribution&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1291401071&rft.aulast=Sheppard&rft.aufirst=Brian+Oliver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzanCarnes1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a>; Carnes, Alice, eds. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/questioningtechnologyacriticalanthology"><i>Questioning Technology</i></a>. New Society Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86571-205-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86571-205-0"><bdi>0-86571-205-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Questioning+Technology&rft.pub=New+Society+Publishers&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-86571-205-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquestioningtechnologyacriticalanthology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzan1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Future_Primitive_and_Other_Essays" title="Future Primitive and Other Essays"><i>Future Primitive and Other Essays</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Autonomedia" title="Autonomedia">Autonomedia</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57027-000-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57027-000-7"><bdi>1-57027-000-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Future+Primitive+and+Other+Essays&rft.pub=Autonomedia&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-57027-000-7&rft.aulast=Zerzan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzan1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a> (1999) [1988]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ElementsofRefusal/"><i>Elements of Refusal</i></a> (Revised ed.). Columbia Alternative Library Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-890532-01-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-890532-01-0"><bdi>1-890532-01-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elements+of+Refusal&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Columbia+Alternative+Library+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-890532-01-0&rft.aulast=Zerzan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FElementsofRefusal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzan2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190913185221/http://www.primitivism.com/language.htm">"Language: Origin and Meaning"</a>. <i>Primitivism</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.primitivism.com/language.htm">the original</a> on 13 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Primitivism&rft.atitle=Language%3A+Origin+and+Meaning&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Zerzan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.primitivism.com%2Flanguage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzan2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a> (2002). <i>Running on Emptiness: The Pathology of Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Feral_House" title="Feral House">Feral House</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Running+on+Emptiness%3A+The+Pathology+of+Civilization&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Zerzan&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzan2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a>, ed. (2005). <i>Against Civilization</i>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Feral_House" title="Feral House">Feral House</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+Civilization&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerzan2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan, John</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi-ePQopZAgC"><i>Twilight of the Machines</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>: <a href="/wiki/Feral_House" title="Feral House">Feral House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932595-31-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932595-31-4"><bdi>978-1-932595-31-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twilight+of+the+Machines&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pub=Feral+House&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-932595-31-4&rft.aulast=Zerzan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXi-ePQopZAgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnarcho-primitivism" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anarcho-primitivism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definition_of_anarchism_and_libertarianism" title="Definition of anarchism and libertarianism">Definition of anarchism and libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual Power">Dual Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Friedrich_Nietzsche_and_Max_Stirner" title="Relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche and Max Stirner">Relationship between Friedrich<br />Nietzsche and Max Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/28px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/42px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BlackFlagSymbol.svg/56px-BlackFlagSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="456" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anarchism" title="Portal:Anarchism">Anarchism portal</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism" title="Category:Anarchism">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Outline</a></b></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Simple_living" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Simple_living" title="Template:Simple living"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Simple_living" title="Template talk:Simple living"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Simple_living" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Simple living"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Simple_living" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-cutting" title="Cord-cutting">Cord-cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downshifting_(lifestyle)" title="Downshifting (lifestyle)">Downshifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_toilet" title="Dry toilet">Dry toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frugality" title="Frugality">Frugality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-impact_development_(UK)" title="Low-impact development (UK)">Low-impact development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_frills" title="No frills">No frills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-the-grid" title="Off-the-grid">Off-the-grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regift" class="mw-redirect" title="Regift">Regift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">Self-sufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_living" title="Slow living">Slow living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow movement (culture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsistence_agriculture" title="Subsistence agriculture">Subsistence agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_living" title="Sustainable living">Sustainable living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">War tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWOOF" title="WWOOF">WWOOF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Religious and spiritual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">Asceticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachment_(philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detachment (philosophy)">Detachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_movement" title="Jesus movement">Jesus movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendicant" title="Mendicant">Mendicant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Buddhism)" title="Sati (Buddhism)">Mindfulness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Monasticism" title="New Monasticism">New Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_dress" title="Plain dress">Plain dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plain_people" title="Plain people">Plain people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">Temperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Simplicity" class="mw-redirect" title="Testimony of Simplicity">Testimony of simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_communities" title="Twelve Tribes communities">Twelve Tribes communities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Secular movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-the-land_movement" title="Back-to-the-land movement">Back-to-the-land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car-free_movement" title="Car-free movement">Car-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">Environmental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie" title="Hippie">Hippie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Source_Ecology" title="Open Source Ecology">Open Source Ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_movement_(culture)" title="Slow movement (culture)">Slow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Small house movement">Small house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_house_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiny house movement">Tiny house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_town" title="Transition town">Transition town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Notable writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Berry" title="Wendell Berry">Wendell Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Callenbach" title="Ernest Callenbach">Ernest Callenbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duane_Elgin" title="Duane Elgin">Duane Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gregg_(social_philosopher)" title="Richard Gregg (social philosopher)">Richard Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hodgkinson" title="Tom Hodgkinson">Tom Hodgkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Hubbard" title="Harlan Hubbard">Harlan Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Kumar" title="Satish Kumar">Satish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Rosen_(British_filmmaker)" title="Nick Rosen (British filmmaker)">Nick Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Semple" title="Dugald Semple">Dugald Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._F._Schumacher" title="E. F. Schumacher">E. F. Schumacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Skene_Keith_(physician)" title="George Skene Keith (physician)">George Skene Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Modern-day adherents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boyle_(Moneyless_Man)" title="Mark Boyle (Moneyless Man)">Mark Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Greenfield" title="Robin Greenfield">Robin Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kaczynski" title="Ted Kaczynski">Ted Kaczynski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentti_Linkola" title="Pentti Linkola">Pentti Linkola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Merkel" title="Jim Merkel">Jim Merkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Pilgrim" title="Peace Pilgrim">Peace Pilgrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelo" title="Suelo">Suelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_(activist)" title="Thomas (activist)">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anekdote_zur_Senkung_der_Arbeitsmoral" title="Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral">Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_from_Affluenza" title="Escape from Affluenza">Escape from Affluenza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Life_(1975_TV_series)" title="The Good Life (1975 TV series)">The Good Life</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_and_the_Sledgehammer" title="The Moon and the Sledgehammer">The Moon and the Sledgehammer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mother_Earth_News" title="Mother Earth News">Mother Earth News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Half" title="The Power of Half">The Power of Half</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Small_Is_Beautiful" title="Small Is Beautiful">Small Is Beautiful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walden" title="Walden">Walden</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluenza" title="Affluenza">Affluenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amateurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Amateurism">Amateurism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anarcho-primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriate_technology" title="Appropriate technology">Appropriate technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">Bohemianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumerism" title="Consumerism">Consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">Ecological footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_miles" title="Food miles">Food miles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaimonia" title="Eudaimonia">The good life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedonophobia" title="Hedonophobia">Hedonophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_living" title="Intentional living">Intentional living</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Gathering" title="Rainbow Gathering">Rainbow Gathering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itinerant_groups_in_Europe" title="Itinerant groups in Europe">Itinerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-technology">Low-technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_oil" title="Peak oil">Peak oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work%E2%80%93life_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Work–life interface">Work–life interface</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output 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