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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Malaysia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid red; border-bottom:2px solid red; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Minority Rights Action Party</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Minority_Rights_Action_Party_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Minority_Rights_Action_Party_logo.png/180px-Minority_Rights_Action_Party_logo.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Minority_Rights_Action_Party_logo.png/270px-Minority_Rights_Action_Party_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c4/Minority_Rights_Action_Party_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Malay name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti<br />ڤرتي تيندقن حق مينوريتي</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Tamil name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">சிறுபான்மை உரிமை செயல் கட்சி</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Chinese name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">少數民族權利行動黨<br /><i>Shǎoshù mínzú quánlì xíngdòng dǎng</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">MIRA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Datuk A. Chandrakumanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap">Secretary-General</span></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Kannan Ramasamy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Datuk A. Candrakumanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;">Kannan Ramasamy and Late Francis Rhajahh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">22 November 2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Klang_(city)" title="Klang (city)">Klang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">Liberal democracy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">Minority rights</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a><br /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> <br />(Friends of PN)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Minority_Rights_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Minority Rights Group">Minority Rights Group</a> <a href="/wiki/Ohchr.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohchr.org">ohchr.org</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Red, white</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 70</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: ; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 222</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: ; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">Dewan Undangan Negeri</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 587</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: ; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mira.org.my">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.7em; border: 4px double #ffcc00;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Politics of Malaysia">a series</a> on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cd0000; border: 1px double #ffcc00;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Malaysia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/165px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Head of State</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1481" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">Conference of Rulers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/30px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/45px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg/60px-Parliament_Of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">15th Parliament</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/30px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/45px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg/60px-Dewan_Negara_Parlimen_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Senate (Dewan Negara)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Dewan_Negara" title="President of the Dewan Negara">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Awang_Bemee_Awang_Ali_Basah" title="Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah">Awang Bemee Awang Ali Basah</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dewan_Rakyat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/30px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/45px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Dewan_Rakyat.svg/60px-Dewan_Rakyat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat)</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat" title="Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Johari_Abdul" title="Johari Abdul">Johari Abdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Leader of the Government</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Malaysia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Malaysia)">Leader of the Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Zainudin" title="Hamzah Zainudin">Hamzah Zainudin</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia#Executive" title="Government of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Civil_service_in_Malaysia" title="Civil service in Malaysia">Civil service</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_ministries_and_agencies_in_Malaysia" title="List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia">agencies</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_to_the_Government_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Secretary to the Government of Malaysia">Chief Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Azri_Abu_Bakar" title="Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar">Shamsul Azri Abu Bakar</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Malaysia" title="Chief Justice of Malaysia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Tengku_Maimun_Tuan_Mat" title="Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat">Tengku Maimun Tuan Mat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="President of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Abang_Iskandar_Abang_Hashim" title="Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim">Abang Iskandar Abang Hashim</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">High Court in Malaya ∙ High Court in Sabah and Sarawak</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Judge of Malaya">Chief Judge of Malaya</a> <i>Vacant</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Judge_of_Sabah_and_Sarawak" title="Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak">Chief Judge of Sabah and Sarawak</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rahman_Sebli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rahman Sebli (page does not exist)">Abdul Rahman Sebli</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/30px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/45px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg/60px-Suruhanjaya_Pilihan_Raya_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="624" /></a></span> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Malaysia" title="Election Commission of Malaysia">Election Commission of Malaysia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">General elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_electoral_districts" title="List of Malaysian electoral districts">Electoral districts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Political parties</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">BN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">PH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">PN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">GPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">GRS</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Malaysia" title="Federalism in Malaysia"><span style="color:#FFF;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="State governments in Malaysia">State governments</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief ministers in Malaysia">Chief ministers of the states</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_State_Assembly_Representatives_(2018%E2%80%93)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)">members</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Malaysia" title="Local government in Malaysia">Local governments</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_local_governments_in_Malaysia" title="List of local governments in Malaysia">list</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background: #000066; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #ffcc00;;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="color:#FFF;">Ideologies and concepts</span></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism_in_Malaysia" title="Communism in Malaysia">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Malaysia" title="Conservatism in Malaysia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Feminism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Reformasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_Hadhari" title="Islam Hadhari">Islam Hadhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_values" title="Asian values">Asian values</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Race and politics</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayaks_in_politics" title="Dayaks in politics">Dayaks in politics</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)"><i>Bumiputera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malaysia" title="Malaysian Malaysia">Malaysian Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)" title="Social contract (Malaysia)">Social contract</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Minority Rights Action Party</b> or <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a>: <i lang="ms">Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti</i>, abbreviated MIRA, is a political party in <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The party was an active party and was formed in 2017 by a group of human rights activist led by Kannan Ramasamy and educationist Late Francis Rhajahh. It was approved registration by the Registrar of Society in November 2018. MIRA Party was co-founded by Kannan Ramasamy and Late Francis Rhajahh. The party's aims is to be voice of minority in Malaysia and to establish policy for minorities along the UN Declaration on Minorities Right 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Party being the first Indian Malaysian national bilingual and multi-racial party. It joined <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> as Friends of PN to represent <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indian</a> community and other minorities in Malaysia. </p><p>Minority Rights Action Party was once accepted as strategic partner of Pakatan Harapan in February 2018 before the GE14.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, it took a more neutral stance and the government led by BN as friendly party. </p><p>On 4 August 2023, MIRA Party was officially appointed into <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> as Friends of PN under Fasal 5 of <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> by law. The ceremony was done at Hilton Double Tree Hotel I-city after the launch of PN Manifesto for Selangor. The certificate dated 17 July and appointment letter were given by PN Chairman Tan Sri <a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin Yassin</a> to Sec Gen Kannan Ramasamy and President Datuk A.Chandrakumanan. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the current of <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> political landscape where most of Indian majority parties are aligned to so called unity government, MIRA Party continue to be the voice of minorities and be the check and balance voices on the minority Indians and other communities needs on <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> lead mixed government policies and tasks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_structure">Leadership structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_Rights_Action_Party&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Leadership structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>President:</b> <ul><li>Datuk A. Chandrakumanan</li></ul></li> <li><b>Deputy President:</b> <ul><li>Datuk Krishnan</li></ul></li> <li><b>Secretary General:</b> <ul><li>Kannan Ramasamy</li></ul></li> <li><b>Treasurer General:</b> <ul><li>Karthigesu Karuppiah</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_Rights_Action_Party&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">List of political parties in Malaysia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_Rights_Action_Party&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/minorities.aspx#:~:text=adopted%20by%20General%20Assembly%20resolution%2047%2F135%20of%2018%20December%201992&text=1.,the%20promotion%20of%20that%20identity">"Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Declaration+on+the+Rights+of+Persons+Belonging+to+National+or+Ethnic%2C+Religious+and+Linguistic+Minorities&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2Fen%2Fprofessionalinterest%2Fpages%2Fminorities.aspx%23%3A~%3Atext%3Dadopted%2520by%2520General%2520Assembly%2520resolution%252047%252F135%2520of%252018%2520December%25201992%26text%3D1.%2Cthe%2520promotion%2520of%2520that%2520identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinority+Rights+Action+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themalaysianinsight.com/bahasa/s/41408/">"Pakatan terima Hindraf dan Mira rakan strategik untuk PRU14"</a>. <i>The Malaysian Insight</i>. 6 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Malaysian+Insight&rft.atitle=Pakatan+terima+Hindraf+dan+Mira+rakan+strategik+untuk+PRU14&rft.date=2018-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsight.com%2Fbahasa%2Fs%2F41408%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinority+Rights+Action+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2023/08/1135328/parti-mira-iman-wakil-kaum-india-india-muslim-kini-rakan-baru-pn">"Parti MIRA, IMAN wakil kaum India, India Muslim kini rakan baru PN"</a>. <i>BH Online</i>. 3 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BH+Online&rft.atitle=Parti+MIRA%2C+IMAN+wakil+kaum+India%2C+India+Muslim+kini+rakan+baru+PN&rft.date=2023-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharian.com.my%2Fberita%2Fnasional%2F2023%2F08%2F1135328%2Fparti-mira-iman-wakil-kaum-india-india-muslim-kini-rakan-baru-pn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinority+Rights+Action+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myvelicham.com/mira-partys-indian-representative-indian-muslim-is-now-pn-new-partner">"மிரா கட்சி இந்திய பிரதிநிதி, இந்திய முஸ்லீம் இப்போது PN இன் புதிய பங்காளி"</a>. <i>myvelicham.com</i>. 4 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=myvelicham.com&rft.atitle=%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE+%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%2C+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF+%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81+PN+%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF+%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF&rft.date=2023-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmyvelicham.com%2Fmira-partys-indian-representative-indian-muslim-is-now-pn-new-partner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMinority+Rights+Action+Party" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Minority_Rights_Action_Party&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mira.org.my">Official website</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_represented_in_the_Dewan_Negara,_Dewan_Rakyat_and/or_State_Assemblies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties represented in the <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State Assemblies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan (PH)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party" title="Democratic Action Party">Democratic Action Party (DAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Justice Party (Malaysia)">People's Justice Party (PKR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Trust_Party_(Malaysia)" title="National Trust Party (Malaysia)">National Trust Party (AMANAH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Progressive_Kinabalu_Organisation" title="United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation">United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation (UPKO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional (BN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation (UMNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese_Association" title="Malaysian Chinese Association">Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah (PBRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">United Traditional Bumiputera Party (PBB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party" title="Sarawak United Peoples' Party">Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gagasan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah (GAGASAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Party" title="United Sabah Party">United Sabah Party (PBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Solidarity_Party" title="Homeland Solidarity Party">Homeland Solidarity Party (STAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Sabah_Party" title="Love Sabah Party">Love Sabah Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Progressive_Party" title="Sabah Progressive Party">Sabah Progressive Party (SAPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Hope_Party" title="Sabah People's Hope Party">Sabah People's Hope Party (PHRS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Indigenous_Party" title="Malaysian United Indigenous Party">Malaysian United Indigenous Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party" title="Malaysian Islamic Party">Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (GERAKAN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Heritage Party (Malaysia)">Heritage Party (WARISAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Democratic_Alliance" title="Malaysian United Democratic Alliance">Malaysian United Democratic Alliance (MUDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bangsa Malaysia">Parti Bangsa Malaysia (PBM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Harmony_Party" title="Social Democratic Harmony Party">Social Democratic Harmony Party (KDM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parties_without_representation_in_the_Parliament_and_State_Assemblies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parties without representation in the Parliament and State Assemblies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Friends of Barisan Nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Makkal_Sakti_Party" title="Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party">Malaysia Makkal Sakti Party (MMSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Muslim_Congress" title="Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress">Malaysian Indian Muslim Congress (KIMMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Malaysia_Party" title="Love Malaysia Party">Love Malaysia Party (PCM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Malaysian_Indian_Progressive_Front" title="All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front">All Malaysian Indian Progressive Front (IPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_United_Party" title="Malaysian Indian United Party">Malaysian Indian United Party (MIUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Punjabi Party of Malaysia">Punjabi Party of Malaysia (PPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kuasa_Rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Kuasa Rakyat">Parti Kuasa Rakyat (KUASA)</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minority Rights Action Party (MIRA)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional (PN)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_People%E2%80%99s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian People’s Party">Malaysian Indian People’s Party (MIPP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah (GRS)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation_(New)" title="United Sabah National Organisation (New)">United Sabah National Organisation (Baru) (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Tanah_Air" title="Gerakan Tanah Air">Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Front" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Front (BERJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera_Perkasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia">Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia (PUTRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Muslim_Alliance_Party" title="National Indian Muslim Alliance Party">Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional (IMAN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_People%E2%80%99s_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian People’s Party">Malaysian Indian People’s Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Socialist Party of Malaysia">Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Native_Co-operation_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah Native Co-operation Party">Sabah Native Co-operation Party (ANAK NEGERI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Alternative_Party" title="People's Alternative Party">People's Alternative Party (PAP)</a></li> <li>Malaysian Hope Party (PHM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Fighters%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Fighters' Party">Homeland Fighters' Party (PEJUANG)</a></li> <li>Socialist Alternative (SA)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_National_Alliance_Party" title="Malaysia National Alliance Party">Malaysia National Alliance Party (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Progressive_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Progressive Party (Malaysia)">Malaysian People's Progressive Party (myPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">People's Welfare Party (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_People%27s_Party" title="Malaysian United People's Party">Malaysian United People's Party (BERSAMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Advancement_Party" title="Malaysian Advancement Party">Malaysian Advancement Party (KEMAJUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Unity_Party" title="Sabah People's Unity Party">Sabah People's Unity Party (PPRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang_Front_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Penang Front Party">Penang Front Party (PFP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_United_Party" title="Malaysian United Party">Malaysian United Party (MUP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ceylonese_Congress" title="Malaysian Ceylonese Congress">Malaysian Ceylonese Congress (MCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Nationality_Party" title="Sabah Nationality Party">Sabah Nationality Party (PKS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_People%27s_Unity_Organisation" title="Sabah National People's Unity Organisation">Sabah National People's Unity Organisation (PERPADUAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebenaran_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Kebenaran Sabah">Sabah Truth Party (KEBENARAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Bugis_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Bugis Sabah">Sabahan Bugis United Party (PBBS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sabah (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Economy Party (PERS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sejahtera_Angkatan_Perpaduan_Sabah" title="Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah">Sabah Prosperous Party of Unity Front (SAPU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Peace_Party" title="Sabah Peace Party">Parti Damai Sabah (SPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumi_Kenyalang" title="Parti Bumi Kenyalang">Land of the Hornbills Party (PBK)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malaysian_Science_Aspiration_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (page does not exist)">Malaysian Science Aspiration Party (SAINS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sarawak Bersatu">Economic Sarawak United People's Party (PERSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Gabungan_Jaksa_Pendamai" title="Parti Rakyat Gabungan Jaksa Pendamai">Justice of the Peace Coalition People's Party (PEACE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_India_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Keadilan India Malaysia">Malaysian Indian Justice Party (MIJP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian National Party (PNM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Penduduk_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Penduduk Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Citizen National Party (PNPM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Green Party of Malaysia">Green Party of Malaysia (PHM)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=People_First_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="People First Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">People First Party (URPARTI)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bahtera_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bahtera Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysian Arc Party (BAHTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barisan_Penyatuan_Nasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barisan Penyatuan Nasional (page does not exist)">Barisan Penyatuan Nasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Aspirasi_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak_Baru" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru">Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak (Baru) (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Sedar_Rakyat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)</a></li> <li>Sarawak for Sarawakian (S4S)</li> <li>Sarawak Independent Alliance (SIA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Defunct_parties_and_coalition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct parties and coalition</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct coalitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Malaya_Council_of_Joint_Action" title="All-Malaya Council of Joint Action">All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Front" title="Labour Front">Labour Front (LF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Sosialis" title="Barisan Sosialis">Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Alliance Party (Malaysia)">Alliance Party (AP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Socialist_Front" title="Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front">Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Front&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Front (page does not exist)">Barisan Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Ming_Court_Affair" title="1987 Ming Court Affair">Kumpulan Maju (MAJU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Perpaduan_Ummah" title="Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah">Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat (GR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif (BA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat (PR)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct former parliamentary parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Party" title="Malayan Party">Malayan Party (MP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_National_Party" title="Sarawak National Party">Sarawak National Party (SNAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak">Sarawak Native People's Party (PBDS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Malaysian_People%27s_Association" title="Sarawak Malaysian People's Association">Sarawak Malaysian People's Association (PERMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Hizbul_Muslimin_Malaysia" title="Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia">Muslim People's Party of Malaysia (HAMIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara" title="Parti Negara">National Party (Negara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_of_Malaya" title="Labour Party of Malaya">Labour Party of Malaya (Lab)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perhimpunan_Kebangsaan" title="Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan"> National Convention Party (NCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_United_Front" title="Sabah People's United Front">Sabah People's United Front (BERJAYA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Social_Justice_Party" title="Malaysian Social Justice Party">Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Democratic_Party" title="Malaysian Democratic Party">Malaysian Democratic Party (MDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46" title="Parti Melayu Semangat 46">Semangat 46 (S46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Sarawak Bersatu">Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_National_Organisation" title="United Sabah National Organisation">United Sabah National Organisation (USNO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Momogun_Organisation" title="United Pasok Momogun Organisation">United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasokmomogun_Kadazan_Organisation" title="United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation">United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabah National Party">Sabah National Party (SANAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Association" title="Sabah Chinese Association">Sabah Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Chinese_Association" title="Sarawak Chinese Association">Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Justice_Front" title="People's Justice Front">People's Justice Front (AKAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_Energy_Party" title="Sarawak People's Energy Party">Sarawak People's Energy Party (TERAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="United Democratic Party (Malaysia)">United Democratic Party (UDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Progressive_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party">Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party (SPDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_of_Malaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muslim League of Malaya (page does not exist)">Muslim League of Malaya (ML)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Association_of_Perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Association of Perak (page does not exist)">National Association of Perak (NAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radical_Party_(Malaysia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radical Party (Malaysia) (page does not exist)">Radical Party (RADICAL)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak People's Organisation (page does not exist)">Sarawak People's Organisation (SAPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Consolidated_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party">Sabah Chinese Consolidated Party (SCCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak (PESAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Bumiputera Sarawak (BUMIPUTERA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu">Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Indian_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Indian Congress (page does not exist)">Sabah Indian Congress (SIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pasok_Nunukragang_National_Organisation" title="United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation">United Pasok Nunukragang National Organisation (PASOK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Democratic_Party" title="Sabah Democratic Party">Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Malaya_Party" title="Independence of Malaya Party">Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party (MCP)</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Revolutionary_Faction" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Revolutionary Faction">Revolutionary Faction</a>)</i> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Malaya/Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist" title="Communist Party of Malaya/Marxist–Leninist">Marxist-Leninist</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen_Malaysia" title="Parti Marhaen Malaysia">Malaysian Marhaen Party (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kalimantan_Communist_Party" title="North Kalimantan Communist Party">North Kalimantan Communist Party (NKCP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Labour_Party" title="Selangor Labour Party">Selangor Labour Party (SLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Masyarakat_Islam_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia">Muslim Community Union of Malaysia (IKATAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Federated Sabah People's Front">Federated Sabah People's Front (BERSEKUTU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Malaysia)" title="Social Democratic Party (Malaysia)">Social Democratic Party (SDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Province_Wellesley_Labor_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Province Wellesley Labor Party (page does not exist)">Province Wellesley Labor Party (PWLP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purtobohan_Bumi_Putera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purtobohan Bumi Putera (page does not exist)">Purtobohan Bumi Putera (PURTOBOHAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesatuan_Insaf_Tanah_Air&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (page does not exist)">Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air (KITA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_People%27s_Progressive_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent People's Progressive Party (page does not exist)">Independent People's Progressive Party (IPPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Umat_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Umat Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Umat Sarawak (UMAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_People%27s_Party_(1976)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United People's Party (1976) (page does not exist)">United People's Party (1976) (UPP)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Sabah_People%27s_Organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Sabah People's Organisation (page does not exist)">United Sabah People's Organisation (USPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_People%27s_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah People's Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sabah People's Democratic Party (SEDAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Assembly_Party" title="United Sabah Assembly Party">United Sabah Assembly Party (PUSAKA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Anak_Jati_Sarawak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (page does not exist)">Parti Anak Jati Sarawak (PAJAR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak_People%27s_National_Party" title="Sarawak People's National Party">Sarawak People's National Party (PNRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Democratic_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Democratic Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Democratic Party (BERSATU)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Nasionalis_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Nasionalis Malaysia">Parti Nasionalis Malaysia (NASMA)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Bumiputera_Sabah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (page does not exist)">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Bumiputera Sabah (BERSEPADU)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bertindak_Rakyat_abah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bertindak Rakyat abah (page does not exist)">Parti Bertindak Rakyat Sabah (BERSIH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Chinese_Party" title="Sabah Chinese Party">Sabah Chinese Party (PCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_National_Momogun_Party" title="Sabah National Momogun Party">Sabah National Momogun Party (MOMOGUN)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_United_Labour_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak United Labour Party (page does not exist)">Sarawak United Labour Party (PLUS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Party" title="Sabah People's Party">Sabah People's Party (PRS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Welfare_Party_(Malaysia)" title="People's Welfare Party (Malaysia)">Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia (AKIM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Democratic_Sabah_People%27s_Power_Party" title="United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party">United Democratic Sabah People's Power Party (SETIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Solidarity_Party" title="Malaysian Solidarity Party">Malaysian Solidarity Party (MSP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Malaysian_Indian_Party" title="Democratic Malaysian Indian Party">Democratic Malaysian Indian Party (DMIP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Coalition_Congress" title="Community Coalition Congress">Community Coalition Congress (CCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_People%27s_Front" title="Sabah People's Front">Sabah People's Front (SPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Merdeka_Malaysia" title="Parti Merdeka Malaysia">Parti Merdeka Malaysia (PMM)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_Malaysia" title="Human Rights Party Malaysia">Human Rights Party (HRP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perpaduan_Masyarakat" title="Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat">Parti Perpaduan Masyarakat (PPM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes non-registered parties<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_winning_political_parties_in_the_Malaysian_general_election_by_parliamentary_constituency" title="List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency">List of the winning political parties in the Malaysian general election by parliamentary constituency</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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