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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations_and_military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Foreign relations and military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Biodiversity and conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fine_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Fine arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holidays_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Holidays and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holidays_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Malaysia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 270 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-270" aria-hidden="true" > 270 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Мэлайзиэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Мэлайзиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Малайзие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Малайзие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%88%8C%E1%8B%A2%E1%8B%AB" title="ማሌዢያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማሌዢያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A6gsia" title="Malægsia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Malægsia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Малаизиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Малаизиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ماليزيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մալեզիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մալեզիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A8sie" title="Malèsie – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Malèsie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মালয়েছিয়া – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মালয়েছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1sia" title="Malásia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Malásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasya" title="Malasya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Malasya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="مالزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মালয়েশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালয়েশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1-l%C3%A2i-se-a" title="Má-lâi-se-a – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Má-lâi-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Малайзія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Малайзія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasya" title="Malasya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Malasya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Малайзи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malàisia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Малайзи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiya" title="Malaysiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Malaysiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajsie" title="Malajsie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malajsie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisia" title="Maleisia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maleisia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ماليزيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%89%DE%AC%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%9D%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="މެލޭޝިޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެލޭޝިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikin%C3%ADyah_Daniilkaalii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bikiníyah Daniilkaalii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bikiníyah Daniilkaalii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayzija" title="Malayzija – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Malayzija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेसिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8B" title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μαλαισία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλαισία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzio" title="Malajzio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malajzio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="مالزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مالزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisie" title="Malaisie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Malaisie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleizje" title="Maleizje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Maleizje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiya" title="Malaysiya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Malaysiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhalaeisia" title="An Mhalaeisia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhalaeisia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Valaysia" title="Yn Valaysia – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Valaysia" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaidhsia" title="Malaidhsia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Malaidhsia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="馬來西亞 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="馬來西亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="મલેશિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મલેશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2-l%C3%B2i-s%C3%AE-%C3%A2" title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%B4%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="말레이시아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말레이시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleshiya" title="Maleshiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maleshiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մալայզիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալայզիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzija" title="Malajzija – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Malajzija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizia" title="Malaizia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Malaizia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="মালয়েশিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মালয়েশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Малайзи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMalaysia" title="IMalaysia – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMalaysia" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malas%C3%ADa" title="Malasía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Malasía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%99%D7%94" title="מלזיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C9%9B%C9%9Bzii" title="Malɛɛzii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Malɛɛzii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಮಲೇಶಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಲೇಶಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მალაიზია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალაიზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ملیشیا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ملیشیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezj%C3%B4" title="Malezjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Malezjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysi" title="Malaysi – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Malaysi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesiya" title="Malesiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Malesiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezi" title="Malezi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Malezi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A9zi" title="Malézi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Malézi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malezya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaesia" title="Malaesia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Malaesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizija" title="Malaizija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Malaizija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizija" title="Malaizija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malaizija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Males%C3%AD" title="Malesí – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Malesí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizii" title="Malaizii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Malaizii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mejgu%27e" title="mejgu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mejgu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Malajzia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेसिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Малезија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малезија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezia" title="Malezia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Malezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="മലേഷ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%C5%BCja" title="Malażja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Malażja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C4%93hia" title="Marēhia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Marēhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მალაიზია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალაიზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ماليزيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="مالزی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯂꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯂꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81-l%C3%A0i-s%C4%83%CC%A4-%C4%81" title="Mā-lài-să̤-ā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mā-lài-să̤-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1sia" title="Malásia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Malásia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7" title="Малайз – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Малайз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="မလေးရှားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မလေးရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेसिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेसिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A2" title="マレーシア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マレーシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Малайзи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melasya" title="Melasya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Melasya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A0isia" title="Malàisia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Malàisia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Малайзий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Малайзий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="ମାଲେସିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଲେସିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleeshiyaa" title="Maleeshiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maleeshiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलयेशिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मलयेशिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ملایشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملایشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="မလေးသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မလေးသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مالېزيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالېزيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malieja" title="Malieja – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Malieja" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8" title="ម៉ាឡេស៊ី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ាឡេស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajie" title="Malajie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Malajie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezja" title="Malezja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malezja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1sia" title="Malásia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasya" title="Malasya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Malasya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Малайзія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="मलेशिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malez%C3%AFi" title="Malezïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Malezïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%C3%ACsia" title="Malaìsia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Malaìsia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysie" title="Malaysie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Malaysie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Malajzia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මලයාසියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මලයාසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ملائيشيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ملائيشيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMaleshiya" title="IMaleshiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMaleshiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malajzia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezyjo" title="Malezyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Malezyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiya" title="Malaysiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malaysiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مالیزیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مالیزیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleysikondre" title="Maleysikondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Maleysikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Малезија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малезија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="மலேசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலேசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malizya" title="Malizya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Malizya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းမလေးသျႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမလေးသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="మలేషియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మలేషియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A1zia" title="Malázia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Malázia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศมาเลเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมาเลเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C4%93sia" title="Malēsia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Malēsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B9%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%8F%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎹᎴᏏᎢᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᎴᏏᎢᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malezya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malazi%C3%BDa" title="Malaziýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Malaziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Малайзия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨆᨒᨕᨗᨔᨗᨕ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨆᨒᨕᨗᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Малайзія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ملائیشیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملائیشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="مالايسىيا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مالايسىيا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlaizsihya" title="Majlaizsihya – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Majlaizsihya" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82%C3%A8zia" title="Małèzia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Małèzia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizii" title="Malaizii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Malaizii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiy%C3%A4n" title="Malaysiyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Malaysiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="馬來西亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬來西亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleesi" title="Maleesi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Maleesi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马来西亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malexiya" title="Malexiya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Malexiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A2" title="מאלייזיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאלייזיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="馬來西亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬來西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%AAzya" title="Malêzya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Malêzya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaiz%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Malaizėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Malaizėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马来西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A9sia" title="Malésia – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Malésia" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzij%C9%99" title="Malajzijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Malajzijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q833#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Malaysia" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Southeast Asia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia">Malesia</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Malaysia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Malaysia"><img alt="A blue rectangle with a gold star and crescent in the canton, with 14 horizontal red and white stripes on the rest of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia"><img alt="Shield showing the symbols of the Malaysian states with a star and crescent above and a motto below, supported by two tigers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style>برسکوتو برتمبه موتو‎ (<a href="/wiki/Jawi_script" title="Jawi script">Jawi</a>) "<a href="/wiki/Unity_makes_strength" title="Unity makes strength">Unity is Strength</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Negaraku" title="Negaraku">Negaraku</a>" "My Country"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551" /></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg/250px-Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg/375px-Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg/500px-Location_Malaysia_ASEAN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="900" /></a>Show map of Southeast Asia</div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Malaysia (dark green)– in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> (dark gray & white) – in <a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a> (dark gray)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[fn 1]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malaysia&params=3_8_N_101_41_E_region:MY">3°8′N 101°41′E / 3.133°N 101.683°E / 3.133; 101.683</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administrative center</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[fn 2]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Malaysia&params=2_56_N_101_42_E_region:MY">2°56′N 101°42′E / 2.933°N 101.700°E / 2.933; 101.700</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National languages (official)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malay</a> (<a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a>) <a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-Recognized-6">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognized languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> (<a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Recognized-6">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2023)<a href="#cite_note-2021_pop-7">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>70.5% <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">Bumiputera</a> <ul><li>57.3% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a></li> <li>13.2% indigenous groups of <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_origins_of_people_in_Malaysia" title="Ethnic origins of people in Malaysia">other</a></li></ul></li> <li>22.9% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a></li> <li>6.6% <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2020)<a href="#cite_note-10">[5]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>66.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Sunni Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)<a href="#cite_note-11">[6]</a></li><li>21.6% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Buddhism</a></li><li>10.1% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malaysia" title="Christianity in Malaysia">Christianity</a></li><li>7.1% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malaysia" title="Hinduism in Malaysia">Hinduism</a></li><li>0.9% other</li><li>1.8% unknown</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysians" title="Malaysians">Malaysian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Federal <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary</a> constitutional <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a> (Senate)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a> (House of Representatives)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Malaysia)" title="Independence Day (Malaysia)">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1957<a href="#cite_note-12">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Self-government_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarawak Self-government Day">Sarawak self-governance</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">22 July 1963</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_Self-government_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="North Borneo Self-government Day">North Borneo self-governance</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1963<a href="#cite_note-13">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Malaysia" title="Proclamation of Malaysia">Proclamation of Malaysia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1963</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">330,803<a href="#cite_note-2010_stats-14">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[10]</a> km2 (127,724 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">67th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0.3</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">34,564,810<a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">43rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2020 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">32,447,385<a href="#cite_note-17">[12]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">101/km2 (261.6/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">116th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $1.306 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MY-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $39,030<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MY-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">53rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $445.519 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MY-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">36th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $13,315<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.MY-18">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">67th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 40.7<a href="#cite_note-wb-gini-19">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.807<a href="#cite_note-HDI-20">[15]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">63rd</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Malaysian ringgit</a> (RM) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">MYR</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Standard Time">MST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd-mm-yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Malaysia" title="Telephone numbers in Malaysia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B60" class="mw-redirect" title="+60">+60</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:MY" title="ISO 3166-2:MY">MY</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.my" title=".my">.my</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Malaysia<a href="#cite_note-21">[d]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, it consists of <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">13 states and three federal territories</a>, separated by the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> into two regions: <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a>. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime <a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Thailand_border" title="Malaysia–Thailand border">border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime borders</a> with <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. East Malaysia shares land borders with <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> and Indonesia, as well as a maritime border with the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> and Vietnam. <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> is the national capital, the country's largest city, and the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">legislative branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">federal government</a>. <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a> is the administrative centre, which represents the seat of both the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia#Executive" title="Government of Malaysia">executive branch</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_ministries_and_agencies_in_Malaysia" title="List of federal ministries and agencies in Malaysia">federal ministries, and federal agencies</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">judicial branch</a> of the federal government. With a population of over 34 million, the country is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">43rd-most populous country</a>. Malaysia is <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> and is one of 17 <a href="/wiki/Megadiverse_countries" title="Megadiverse countries">megadiverse countries</a>; it is home to numerous <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia" title="Wildlife of Malaysia">endemic species</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tanjung_Piai" title="Tanjung Piai">Tanjung Piai</a> in the Malaysian state of <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> is the southernmost point of continental <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a>. The country has its origins in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Kingdom_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Malay Kingdom (disambiguation)">Malay kingdoms</a>, which, from the 18th century on, became <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">subject</a> to the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, along with the British <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a> protectorate. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_Two" class="mw-redirect" title="World War Two">World War Two</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a>, along with other nearby British and American colonies, was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[16]</a> Following three years of occupation, Peninsular Malaysia was briefly unified as the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> in 1946 until 1948 when it was restructured as the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>. The country achieved independence on 31 August 1957. On <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">16 September 1963</a>, independent Malaya united with the then <a href="/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">British crown colonies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_North_Borneo" title="Crown Colony of North Borneo">North Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a> to become Malaysia. In August 1965, Singapore was <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">expelled</a> from the federation and became a <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Singapore" title="Proclamation of Singapore">separate, independent country</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[17]</a> The country is <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Malaysia">multiethnic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">multicultural</a>, which has a significant effect on its politics. About half the population is ethnically <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malay</a>, with minorities of <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian">Indians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asal" title="Orang Asal">indigenous peoples</a>. The official language is <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian Malay</a>, a standard form of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a>. English remains an active second language. While recognising <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Official_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Official religion">official religion</a>, the constitution grants <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a> to non-Muslims. The government is modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster parliamentary system</a>, and the legal system is based on <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elected monarch</a>, chosen from among the <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">nine state sultans</a> every five years. The <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">prime minister</a>. The country's economy has traditionally been driven by its natural resources but is expanding into commerce, tourism, and <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Medical tourism in Malaysia">medical tourism</a>. The country has a <a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialised_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Newly industrialised country">newly industrialised</a> <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>, which is relatively open and state-oriented. The country is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC), the <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> (EAS), and the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Association of Southeast Asian Nations</a> (ASEAN), and a member of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> (NAM), the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation</a> (APEC). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The name <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Malaysia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Malaysia">Malaysia</a> is a combination of the word <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Malays" class="extiw" title="wikt:Malays">Malays</a> and the Latin-Greek suffix <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-ia" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ia">-ia</a>/<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-%CE%AF%CE%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:-ία">-ία</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[18]</a> which can be translated as 'land of the Malays'.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> Similar-sounding variants have also appeared in accounts older than the 11th century, as <a href="/wiki/Toponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Toponym">toponyms</a> for areas in Sumatra or referring to a larger region around the Strait of Malacca.<a href="#cite_note-Barnard-26">[20]</a> The Sanskrit text <a href="/wiki/Vayu_Purana" title="Vayu Purana">Vayu Purana</a>, thought to have been in existence since the first millennium CE, mentioned a land named 'Malayadvipa' which was identified by certain scholars as the modern <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[25]</a> Other notable accounts are by the 2nd-century Ptolemy's <a href="/wiki/Geographia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographia">Geographia</a> that used the name Malayu Kulon for the west coast of <a href="/wiki/Golden_Chersonese" title="Golden Chersonese">Golden Chersonese</a>, and the 7th-century <a href="/wiki/Yijing_(monk)" title="Yijing (monk)">Yijing</a>'s account of Malayu.<a href="#cite_note-Barnard-26">[20]</a> At some point, the <a href="/wiki/Melayu_Kingdom" title="Melayu Kingdom">Melayu Kingdom</a> took its name from the Sungai Melayu.<a href="#cite_note-SejarahBahasaMelayu-32">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[27]</a> Melayu then became associated with <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Barnard-26">[20]</a> and remained associated with various parts of Sumatra, especially Palembang, where the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a> is thought to have come from.<a href="#cite_note-Andaya-34">[28]</a> It is only thought to have developed into an <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> as Malacca became a regional power in the 15th century. <a href="/wiki/Islamisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamisation">Islamisation</a> established an <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnoreligious">ethnoreligious</a> identity in Malacca, with the term Melayu beginning to appear as interchangeable with Melakans. It may have specifically referred to local Malays speakers thought loyal to the Malaccan Sultan. The initial Portuguese use of Malayos reflected this, referring only to the ruling people of Malacca. The prominence of traders from Malacca led Melayu to be associated with Muslim traders, and from there became associated with the wider cultural and linguistic group.<a href="#cite_note-Barnard-26">[20]</a> Malacca and later <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor</a> claimed they were the centre of Malay culture, a position supported by the British which led to the term Malay becoming more usually linked to the Malay peninsula rather than Sumatra.<a href="#cite_note-Andaya-34">[28]</a> Before the onset of European colonisation, the Malay Peninsula was known natively as <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Melayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanah Melayu">Tanah Melayu</a> ('Malay Land').<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a> Under a racial classification created by a German scholar <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Blumenbach" title="Johann Friedrich Blumenbach">Johann Friedrich Blumenbach</a>, the natives of <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">maritime Southeast Asia</a> were grouped into a single category, the <a href="/wiki/Malay_race" title="Malay race">Malay race</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a> Following the expedition of French navigator <a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Jules Dumont d'Urville</a> to <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> in 1826, he later proposed the terms of Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_G%C3%A9ographie" title="Société de Géographie">Société de Géographie</a> in 1831, distinguishing these Pacific cultures and island groups from the existing term <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a>. Dumont d'Urville described Malaysia as "an area commonly known as the East Indies".<a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a> In 1850, the English ethnologist <a href="/wiki/George_Samuel_Windsor_Earl" class="mw-redirect" title="George Samuel Windsor Earl">George Samuel Windsor Earl</a>, writing in the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, proposed naming the islands of Southeast Asia as "Melayunesia" or "Indunesia", favouring the former.<a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> The name Malaysia gained some use to label what is now the Malay Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a> In modern terminology, Malay remains the name of an <a href="/wiki/Ethnoreligious_group" title="Ethnoreligious group">ethnoreligious group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian people">Austronesian people</a> predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and portions of the adjacent islands of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, including the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, and smaller islands that lie between these areas.<a href="#cite_note-41">[35]</a> The state that gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957 took the name the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, chosen in preference to other potential names such as Malaysia<a href="#cite_note-MALAYA'S_FUTURE_NAME-42">[36]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MALAYA'S_FUTURE_NAME-42">[36]</a> after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE.<a href="#cite_note-Mapping-43">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[38]</a> Nonetheless, the name Malaysia was adopted in 1963 when the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, plus Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak formed a new federation.<a href="#cite_note-Bound_for_Glory-45">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[e]</a> One theory posits the name was chosen so that si represented the inclusion of Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak to Malaya in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-Bound_for_Glory-45">[39]</a> Politicians in the Philippines contemplated renaming their state Malaysia before the modern country took the name.<a href="#cite_note-48">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History of Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map showing the extent of the Malacca Sultanate, covering much of the Malay Peninsula and some of Sumatra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg/170px-Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg/255px-Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg/340px-Malacca_Sultanate_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a> played a major role in spreading Islam throughout the Malay Archipelago.</figcaption></figure> Evidence of modern human habitation in Malaysia dates back 40,000 years.<a href="#cite_note-49">[42]</a> In the Malay Peninsula, the first inhabitants are thought to be <a href="/wiki/Negritos" class="mw-redirect" title="Negritos">Negritos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[44]</a> Areas of Malaysia participated in the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Jade_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Jade Road">Maritime Jade Road</a> between 2000 BC to 1000 AD.<a href="#cite_note-52">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[48]</a> Traders and settlers from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> arrived as early as the first century AD, establishing trading ports and coastal towns in the second and third centuries. Their presence resulted in strong <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> influences on the local cultures, and the people of the Malay Peninsula adopted the religions of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> inscriptions appear as early as the fourth or fifth century.<a href="#cite_note-56">[49]</a> The Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a> arose around the second century in the northern area of the Malay Peninsula, lasting until about the 15th century.<a href="#cite_note-Mapping-43">[37]</a> Between the 7th and 13th centuries, much of the southern Malay Peninsula was part of the maritime <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijayan</a> empire. By the 13th and the 14th century, the <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> empire had successfully wrested control over most of the peninsula and the Malay Archipelago from Srivijaya.<a href="#cite_note-57">[50]</a> In the early 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Parameswara_(king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parameswara (king)">Parameswara</a>, a runaway king of the former <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Singapura" title="Kingdom of Singapura">Kingdom of Singapura</a> linked to the old Srivijayan court, founded the <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[51]</a> The spread of Islam increased following Parameswara's conversion to that religion. Malacca was an important commercial centre during this time, attracting trade from around the region.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese,_1606.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dutch fleet vs Portuguese armada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese%2C_1606.jpg/220px-AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese%2C_1606.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese%2C_1606.jpg/330px-AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese%2C_1606.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese%2C_1606.jpg/440px-AMH-6472-KB_Battle_for_Malacca_between_the_VOC_fleet_and_the_Portuguese%2C_1606.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1795" /></a><figcaption>The Dutch fleet battling with the Portuguese armada as part of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Portuguese_War" title="Dutch–Portuguese War">Dutch–Portuguese War</a> in 1606 to gain control of <a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca</a></figcaption></figure> In 1511, <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portugal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> after which it was taken by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch</a> in 1641. In 1786, the <a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Empire</a> established a presence in Malaya, when the Sultan of Kedah leased <a href="/wiki/Penang_Island" title="Penang Island">Penang Island</a> to the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. The British obtained the town of Singapore in 1819,<a href="#cite_note-60">[53]</a> and in 1824 took control of Malacca following the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty</a>. By 1826, the British directly controlled Penang, Malacca, Singapore, and the island of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Labuan" title="Crown Colony of Labuan">Labuan</a>, which they established as the crown colony of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_Settlements" title="Straits Settlements">Straits Settlements</a>. By the 20th century, the states of <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, known together as the <a href="/wiki/Federated_Malay_States" title="Federated Malay States">Federated Malay States</a>, had British <a href="/wiki/Resident_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident (title)">residents</a> appointed to advise the Malay rulers, to whom the rulers were bound to defer by treaty.<a href="#cite_note-61">[54]</a> The remaining five states on the peninsula, known as the <a href="/wiki/Unfederated_Malay_States" title="Unfederated Malay States">Unfederated Malay States</a>, while not directly under British rule, also accepted British advisers around the turn of the 20th century. Development on the peninsula and Borneo were generally separate until the 19th century. Under British rule the <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> of Chinese and Indians to serve as labourers was encouraged.<a href="#cite_note-62">[55]</a> The area that is now <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> came under British control as <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo" title="North Borneo">North Borneo</a> when both the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanate of Brunei">Sultan of Brunei</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sultan of Sulu</a> transferred their respective territorial rights of ownership, between 1877 and 1878.<a href="#cite_note-63">[56]</a> In 1842, Sarawak was ceded by the Sultan of Brunei to <a href="/wiki/James_Brooke" title="James Brooke">James Brooke</a>, whose successors ruled as the <a href="/wiki/White_Rajahs" title="White Rajahs">White Rajahs</a> over an independent <a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">kingdom</a> until 1946, when it became a <a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Sarawak" title="Crown Colony of Sarawak">crown colony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[57]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Army">Japanese Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Malaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasion of Malaya">invaded</a> and occupied <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">North Borneo, Sarawak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a> for over three years. During this time, ethnic tensions were raised and nationalism grew.<a href="#cite_note-65">[58]</a> Popular support for independence increased after Malaya was reconquered by Allied forces.<a href="#cite_note-66">[59]</a> Post-war British plans to unite the administration of Malaya under a single crown colony called the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a> met with strong opposition from the <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a>, who opposed the weakening of the Malay rulers and the granting of citizenship to the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">ethnic Chinese</a>. The Malayan Union, established in 1946, and consisting of all the <a href="/wiki/British_possessions" class="mw-redirect" title="British possessions">British possessions</a> in the Malay Peninsula with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Singapore" title="Colony of Singapore">Singapore</a>, was quickly dissolved and replaced on 1 February 1948 by the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a>, which restored the autonomy of the rulers of the Malay states under British protection.<a href="#cite_note-67">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min,_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_(AWM_4281801).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min%2C_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_%28AWM_4281801%29.JPG/220px-Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min%2C_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_%28AWM_4281801%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min%2C_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_%28AWM_4281801%29.JPG/330px-Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min%2C_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_%28AWM_4281801%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min%2C_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_%28AWM_4281801%29.JPG/440px-Outdoor_portrait_of_Lee_Min%2C_leader_of_the_communist_Kepayang_Gang_in_the_Ipoh_district_in_1951_%28AWM_4281801%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Leader of the Malayan Communist Party <a href="/wiki/Lee_Meng" title="Lee Meng">Lee Meng</a> holding a rifle during the Malayan Emergency, 1951</figcaption></figure> During this time, the mostly ethnically Chinese rebels under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Malayan Communist Party</a> launched guerrilla operations designed to force the British out of Malaya. The <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency (1948–1960)</a> involved a long anti-insurgency campaign by <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> troops in Malaya.<a href="#cite_note-68">[61]</a> On 31 August 1957, <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Malayan Declaration of Independence">Malaya became an independent member</a> of the Commonwealth of Nations.<a href="#cite_note-69">[62]</a> Subsequently, a comprehensive plan was devised to unite Malaya with the crown colonies of North Borneo (known as <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> upon joining), <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. The envisioned federation was originally intended to take place on 31 August 1963, to coincide with the commemoration of Malayan independence. However, due to the necessity of conducting a survey on the level of support for the federation in Sabah and Sarawak by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, as requested by opponents of the federation such as <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_United_Peoples%27_Party" title="Sarawak United Peoples' Party">Sarawak United Peoples' Party</a>, the date of the federation was postponed until 16 September 1963.<a href="#cite_note-70">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> The federation brought heightened tensions including a <a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">conflict with Indonesia</a> as well as continual conflicts against the Communists in Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, which escalated to the <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak Communist Insurgency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%9389)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–89)">Second Malayan Emergency</a> together with several other issues such as the <a href="/wiki/Cross_border_attacks_in_Sabah" title="Cross border attacks in Sabah">cross-border attacks into Sabah</a> by <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Sulu_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Piracy in the Sulu Sea">Moro pirates</a> from the southern islands of the Philippines, Singapore <a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia#Expulsion" title="Singapore in Malaysia">being expelled from the Federation</a> in 1965,<a href="#cite_note-72">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-TIME_Art-73">[66]</a> and racial strife. This strife culminated in the <a href="/wiki/13_May_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="13 May Incident">13 May race riots</a> in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-Race_war-74">[67]</a> After the riots, the controversial <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy" title="Malaysian New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a> was launched by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Tun_Abdul_Razak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tun Abdul Razak">Tun Abdul Razak</a>, trying to increase the share of the economy held by the <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-New_Economic_Policy-75">[68]</a> Under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> there was a period of rapid economic growth and urbanization beginning in the 1980s. The economy shifted from being agriculturally based to one based on manufacturing and industry. Numerous mega-projects were completed, such as the <a href="/wiki/Petronas_Towers" title="Petronas Towers">Petronas Towers</a>, the <a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MSC_Malaysia" title="MSC Malaysia">Multimedia Super Corridor</a>, and the new federal administrative capital of <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bound_for_Glory-45">[39]</a> In the late 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_Financial_Crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 Asian Financial Crisis">Asian financial crisis</a> impacted the country, nearly causing their currency, stock, and property markets to crash; however, they later recovered.<a href="#cite_note-76">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1MDB_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="1MDB scandal">1MDB scandal</a> was a major global <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">corruption</a> scandal that implicated then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-77">[70]</a> The scandal contributed to the first change in the ruling political party since independence in the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Opposition_scores-78">[71]</a> In the 2020s, the country was gripped by <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Malaysian_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 Malaysian political crisis">a political crisis</a> that coincided with health and <a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">economic</a> crises caused by the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[72]</a> This was then followed by an earlier <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">general election</a> in November 2022, which resulted in the first hung parliament in the nation's history.<a href="#cite_note-80">[73]</a> On 24 November 2022, <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> was sworn in as the 10th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister of Malaysia</a>, leading a <a href="/wiki/Grand_coalition#Malaysia" title="Grand coalition">grand coalition</a> government.<a href="#cite_note-81">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Government of Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White tall building and two arches" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg/224px-Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="224" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg/336px-Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg/448px-Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia_Bangunan_Parlimen_Malaysia-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5238" data-file-height="3492" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament of Malaysia</a>, the building that houses the <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Dewan_Rakyat,_15th_Malaysian_Parliament" title="Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament">members of the Dewan Rakyat</a></figcaption></figure> Malaysia is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional</a> <a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">elective monarchy</a>; the only federal country in Southeast Asia.<a href="#cite_note-82">[75]</a> The system of government is closely modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster</a> parliamentary system, a legacy of <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FITA-83">[76]</a> The head of state is the King, whose official title is the <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Yang di-Pertuan Agong</a>. The King is elected to a five-year term by and from among the nine hereditary <a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">rulers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay states">Malay states</a>. The other four states, which have titular <a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertua_Negeri" title="Yang di-Pertua Negeri">Governors</a>, do not participate in the selection. By informal agreement the position is rotated among the nine,<a href="#cite_note-FITA-83">[76]</a> and has been held by <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Iskandar_of_Johor" title="Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor">Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor</a> since 31 January 2024. The King's role has been largely ceremonial since changes to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">constitution</a> in <a href="/wiki/1993_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="1993 amendments to the Constitution of Malaysia">1994</a>, picking ministers and members of the upper house.<a href="#cite_note-dfat-84">[77]</a> Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures. The bicameral federal <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">parliament</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of Malaysia">House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of Malaysia">Senate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[78]</a> The 222-member House of Representatives is elected for a maximum term of five years from single-member constituencies. All 70 senators sit for three-year terms; 26 are elected by the 13 state assemblies, and the remaining 44 are appointed by the King upon the Prime Minister's recommendation.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> The parliament follows a multi-party system and the government is elected through a <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post</a> system.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[79]</a> Parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">elections</a> are held at least once every five years.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> Before 2018, only registered voters aged 21 and above could vote for the members of the House of Representatives and, in most of the states, for the state legislative chamber. Voting is not mandatory.<a href="#cite_note-87">[80]</a> In July 2019, a bill to lower the <a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">voting age</a> to 18 years old was officially passed.<a href="#cite_note-88">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large building with a series of flags in front of it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg/220px-Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg/330px-Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg/440px-Perdana_Putra_building_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Putra" title="Perdana Putra">Perdana Putra</a> houses the office of Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">Executive power</a> is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a>, led by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a>. The prime minister must be a member of the House of Representatives, who in the opinion of His Majesty the King, commands the support of a majority of members. The Cabinet is chosen from members of both houses of Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> The Prime Minister is both the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">head of cabinet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dfat-84">[77]</a> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 general election</a> Malaysia was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> (PH) <a href="/wiki/Political_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alliance">political alliance</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Opposition_scores-78">[71]</a> although Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> resigned amid a <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Malaysian_political_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–21 Malaysian political crisis">political crisis</a> in 2020. In March 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a> (PN) coalition formed under Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Muhyiddin_Yassin" title="Muhyiddin Yassin">Muhyiddin Yassin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-89">[82]</a> before Muhyiddin lost majority support and was replaced by deputy Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Sabri_Yaakob" title="Ismail Sabri Yaakob">Ismail Sabri Yaakob</a>, a veteran politician from the <a href="/wiki/United_Malays_National_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Malays National Organisation">United Malays National Organisation</a> (UMNO), in August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-90">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/2022_Malaysian_general_election" title="2022 Malaysian general election">2022 Malaysian general election</a>, a hung parliament was elected. <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> of the PH coalition was appointed as the new Prime Minister to lead the coalition government of PH, <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah</a> and several other political parties and independents. Meanwhile, PN, the only political coalition not in the coalition government became the Opposition. <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Malaysia's legal system</a> is based on <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">common law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">the judiciary</a> is theoretically independent, its independence has been called into question and the appointment of judges lacks accountability and transparency.<a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a> The highest court in the judicial system is the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Court of Malaysia">Federal Court</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Malaysia" title="Court of Appeal of Malaysia">Court of Appeal</a> and two <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Malaysia">high courts</a>, one for Peninsular Malaysia and one for East Malaysia. Malaysia also has a special court to hear cases brought by or against royalty.<a href="#cite_note-criminal_court_system-93">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Race</a> is a significant force in politics.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action#Malaysia" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative actions</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_New_Economic_Policy" title="Malaysian New Economic Policy">New Economic Policy</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Economic_Policy-75">[68]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Development_Policy" title="National Development Policy">National Development Policy</a> which superseded it, were implemented to advance the standing of the bumiputera, consisting of Malays and the indigenous tribes who are considered the original inhabitants of Malaysia, over non-bumiputera such as <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysian Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysian Indians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[87]</a> These policies provide preferential treatment to bumiputera in employment, education, scholarships, business, and access to cheaper housing and assisted savings. However, it has generated greater interethnic resentment.<a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a> There is ongoing <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia#Secularism" title="Religion in Malaysia">debate</a> over whether the laws and society of Malaysia should reflect <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[89]</a> Islamic criminal laws passed by the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Malaysian_Islamic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party">Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party</a> with the support of UMNO state assemblymen in the state legislative assembly of Kelantan have been blocked by the federal government on the basis that criminal laws are the responsibility of the federal government.<a href="#cite_note-97">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[92]</a> After UMNO lost power at the <a href="/wiki/2018_Malaysian_general_election" title="2018 Malaysian general election">2018 Malaysian general election</a>, Malaysia's ranking increased by 9 places in the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">Democracy Index</a> to 43rd compared to the previous year and is classified as a 'flawed democracy'.<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a> Malaysia's ranking in the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> increased by 22 places to 101st compared to the previous year, making it one of two countries in Southeast Asia without a 'Difficult situation' or 'Very Serious situation' with regards to press freedom.<a href="#cite_note-101">[94]</a> However, it fell 18 places the following year due to the policies of the PN government.<a href="#cite_note-102">[95]</a> Malaysia is marked at 48th and 62nd place according to the 2021 <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a>, indicating above average levels of <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">corruption</a>. <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> noted Malaysia as "partly free" in its 2018 survey.<a href="#cite_note-103">[96]</a> A lawsuit filed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a> alleged that at least $3.5 billion involving former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Najib_Razak" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a> had been stolen from Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad">1MDB</a> state-owned fund, known as the <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-104">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States and federal territories of Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Malaysia" title="Divisions of Malaysia">Divisions of Malaysia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">Districts of Malaysia</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 600px; font-size: 85%; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Malaysia_states_blank_%28color_scheme%29.png/600px-Malaysia_states_blank_%28color_scheme%29.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Malaysia_states_blank_%28color_scheme%29.png/900px-Malaysia_states_blank_%28color_scheme%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Malaysia_states_blank_%28color_scheme%29.png/1200px-Malaysia_states_blank_%28color_scheme%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2028" data-file-height="764" /> <div style="position:absolute; left:15px; top:40.66px"><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:27.3px; top:51.94px"><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:3px; top:76px"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:72px; top:68.000002px"><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:100.999998px; top:80.999998px"><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:54px; top:88px"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:127px"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:148px"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:60.66666px; top:160px"><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:120.666666px; top:165.333328px"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:84px; top:111.000004px"><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:401.000004px; top:151.999996px"><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:498px; top:70px"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:426.6px; top:67px"><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:84px; top:131.8px"><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:39px; top:137.2px"><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:204px; top:11.2px"><a href="/wiki/West_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="West Malaysia">West Malaysia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:204px; top:25px"><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:306px; top:12.4px"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Malaysia">(Blue) States</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:306px; top:24.4px"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Territories (Malaysia)">(Red) Federal Territories</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:118%; left:226.999992px; top:61px"><a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:1.0000002px; top:89.999998px"><a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:69px; top:7px"><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:552px; top:28px"><a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:553.00002px; top:124px"><a href="/wiki/Celebes_Sea" title="Celebes Sea">Celebes Sea</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:420px; top:79px"><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:414px; top:208px"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:216px; top:130px"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:30px; top:208px"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:540px; top:7px"><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:140.6666664px; top:190px"><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:42px; top:28px"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> Malaysia is a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a> of 13 states and three federal territories.<a href="#cite_note-107">[100]</a> These are divided between two regions, with 11 states and two federal territories on <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> and the other two states and one federal territory in <a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a>. Each state is divided into <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Malaysia">districts</a>, which are then divided into <a href="/wiki/Mukim" title="Mukim">mukim</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> districts are grouped into divisions.<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a> Governance of the states is divided between the federal and the state governments, with different powers reserved for each, and the Federal government has direct administration of the federal territories.<a href="#cite_note-109">[102]</a> Each state has a unicameral <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State Legislative Assembly</a> whose members are elected from single-member constituencies. State governments are led by <a href="/wiki/Chief_Ministers_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Ministers in Malaysia">Chief Ministers</a>,<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> who are state assembly members from the majority party in the assembly. In each of the states with a hereditary ruler, the Chief Minister is normally required to be a <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malay</a>, appointed by the ruler upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-110">[103]</a> Except for state elections in Sarawak, by <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">convention</a> state elections are held concurrently with the federal election.<a href="#cite_note-dfat-84">[77]</a> Lower-level administration is carried out by local authorities, which include city councils, district councils, and municipal councils, although autonomous statutory bodies can be created by the federal and state governments to deal with certain tasks.<a href="#cite_note-111">[104]</a> The federal constitution puts local authorities outside of the federal territories under the exclusive jurisdictions of the state government,<a href="#cite_note-112">[105]</a> although in practice the federal government has intervened in the affairs of state local governments.<a href="#cite_note-113">[106]</a> There are 154 local authorities, consisting of 14 city councils, 38 municipal councils and 97 district councils. The 13 states are based on historical Malay kingdoms, and 9 of the 11 Peninsular states, known as the <a href="/wiki/Malay_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay states">Malay states</a>, retain their royal families. The King is elected by and from <a href="/wiki/Conference_of_Rulers" title="Conference of Rulers">the nine rulers</a> to serve a five-year term.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> This King appoints governors serving a four-year term for the states without monarchies, after consultations with the chief minister of that state. Each state has its own written constitution.<a href="#cite_note-Lim_Hong_Hai-114">[107]</a> Sabah and Sarawak have considerably more autonomy than the other states, most notably having separate immigration policies and controls, and a unique residency status.<a href="#cite_note-115">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[110]</a> Federal intervention in state affairs, lack of development, and disputes over oil <a href="/wiki/Royalties" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalties">royalties</a> have occasionally led to statements about <a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">secession</a> from leaders in several states such as <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, Sabah and Sarawak, although these have not been followed up and no serious independence movements exist.<a href="#cite_note-118">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[114]</a> <dl><dt>States</dt></dl> A list of thirteen states and each state capital (in parentheses): <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor"><img alt="Johor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Johor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Johor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah"><img alt="Kedah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Kedah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kedah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan"><img alt="Kelantan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Kelantan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kelantan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca"><img alt="Malacca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_Malacca.svg/46px-Flag_of_Malacca.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a> (<a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan"><img alt="Negeri Sembilan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Negeri_Sembilan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang"><img alt="Pahang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Pahang.svg/46px-Flag_of_Pahang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang"><img alt="Penang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Penang_%28Malaysia%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak"><img alt="Perak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Perak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis"><img alt="Perlis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Perlis.svg/46px-Flag_of_Perlis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kangar" title="Kangar">Kangar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor"><img alt="Selangor" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/23px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/35px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Selangor.svg/46px-Flag_of_Selangor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah"><img alt="Sabah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Sabah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sabah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak"><img alt="Sarawak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Flag_of_Sarawak.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sarawak.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu"><img alt="Terengganu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/23px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/35px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_Terengganu.svg/46px-Flag_of_Terengganu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a>)</li></ol> </div> <dl><dt>Federal territories</dt></dl> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur"><img alt="Kuala Lumpur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kuala_Lumpur%2C_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan"><img alt="Labuan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_Labuan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Labuan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Federal Territory of Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya"><img alt="Putrajaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Putrajaya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Federal Territory of Putrajaya</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations_and_military">Foreign relations and military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Foreign relations of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_(42910851015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="With Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3919" data-file-height="2589" /></a><figcaption>Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad meeting with US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> at the Prime Minister's Office in <a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> A founding member of ASEAN<a href="#cite_note-122">[115]</a> and OIC,<a href="#cite_note-123">[116]</a> the country participates in many international organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (U.N.),<a href="#cite_note-124">[117]</a> APEC,<a href="#cite_note-125">[118]</a> the <a href="/wiki/D-8_Organization_for_Economic_Cooperation" title="D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation">D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-126">[119]</a> and NAM.<a href="#cite_note-127">[120]</a> It has chaired ASEAN, OIC, and NAM in the past.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> A former British colony, it is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[121]</a> Kuala Lumpur was the site of the first EAS in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-govtnz-129">[122]</a> Malaysia's foreign policy is officially based on the principle of neutrality and maintaining peaceful relations with all countries, regardless of their political system.<a href="#cite_note-kln-130">[123]</a> The government attaches a high priority to the security and stability of Southeast Asia,<a href="#cite_note-govtnz-129">[122]</a> and seeks to further develop relations with other countries in the region. Historically the government has tried to portray Malaysia as a progressive Islamic nation<a href="#cite_note-kln-130">[123]</a> while strengthening relations with other Islamic states.<a href="#cite_note-govtnz-129">[122]</a> A strong tenet of Malaysia's policy is national sovereignty and the right of a country to control its domestic affairs.<a href="#cite_note-dfat-84">[77]</a> Malaysia signed the U.N. treaty on the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[125]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Spratly_Islands" title="Spratly Islands">Spratly Islands</a> are disputed by many states in the area, and <a href="/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="Territorial disputes in the South China Sea">a large portion of the South China Sea</a> is claimed by <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Unlike its neighbours of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, Malaysia historically avoided conflicts with China.<a href="#cite_note-133">[126]</a> However, after the encroachment of Chinese ships in Malaysian territorial waters,<a href="#cite_note-134">[127]</a> and breach of airspace by their military aircraft, Malaysia has become active in condemning China.<a href="#cite_note-135">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[129]</a> Brunei and Malaysia in 2009 announced an end to claims of each other's land, and committed to resolve issues related to their maritime borders.<a href="#cite_note-137">[130]</a> The Philippines has a <a href="/wiki/North_Borneo_dispute" title="North Borneo dispute">dormant claim</a> to the eastern part of Sabah.<a href="#cite_note-MYIDPHSG-138">[131]</a> Singapore's land reclamation has caused tensions,<a href="#cite_note-139">[132]</a> and minor maritime and land border disputes exist with Indonesia.<a href="#cite_note-MYIDPHSG-138">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[133]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Su30mkm_flying_at_lima_two_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKM" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKM">Sukhoi Su-30MKM</a> of RMAF</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Malaysian Armed Forces</a> have three branches: the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Army" title="Malaysian Army">Malaysian Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Navy" title="Royal Malaysian Navy">Royal Malaysian Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Malaysian_Air_Force" title="Royal Malaysian Air Force">Royal Malaysian Air Force</a>. There is no conscription, and the required age for voluntary military service is 18. The military uses 1.5% of the country's GDP, and employs 1.23% of Malaysia's manpower.<a href="#cite_note-141">[134]</a> Malaysian peacekeeping forces have contributed to many U.N. peacekeeping missions, such as in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_the_Congo" title="United Nations Operation in the Congo">Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_Military_Observer_Group" title="United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group">Iran–Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transition_Assistance_Group" title="United Nations Transition Assistance Group">Namibia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" title="United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Operation_in_Somalia_II" title="United Nations Operation in Somalia II">Somalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Integrated_Mission_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor">East Timor</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon" title="United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Five_Power_Defence_Arrangements" title="Five Power Defence Arrangements">Five Power Defence Arrangements</a> is a regional security initiative which has been in place for almost 40 years. It involves joint military exercises held among Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-143">[136]</a> Joint exercises and war games have also been held with Brunei,<a href="#cite_note-144">[137]</a> China,<a href="#cite_note-145">[138]</a> India,<a href="#cite_note-146">[139]</a> Indonesia,<a href="#cite_note-147">[140]</a> Japan,<a href="#cite_note-148">[141]</a> and the United States.<a href="#cite_note-149">[142]</a> Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam have agreed to host joint security force exercises to secure their maritime border and tackle issues such as illegal immigration, <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">piracy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">smuggling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[145]</a> Previously there were fears that extremist militant activities in the Muslim areas of the <a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Moro conflict in the Philippines">southern Philippines</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and <a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">southern Thailand</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[146]</a> would spill over into Malaysia. Because of this, Malaysia began to increase its border security.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Human rights in Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">LGBT rights in Malaysia</a></div> Homosexuality is <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">illegal in Malaysia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[148]</a> and authorities have imposed punishments such as <a href="/wiki/Caning_in_Malaysia" title="Caning in Malaysia">caning</a> and imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-156">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">Human trafficking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Sex trafficking in Malaysia">sex trafficking in Malaysia</a> are significant problems.<a href="#cite_note-158">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[152]</a> There have also been cases of vigilante executions and beatings against LGBT individuals in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-160">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[154]</a> The illegality of homosexuality in Malaysia has also been the forefront of <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim_sodomy_trials" title="Anwar Ibrahim sodomy trials">sodomy trials</a>, which Anwar has called politically motivated, a characterization supported by the <a href="/wiki/Working_Group_on_Arbitrary_Detention" title="Working Group on Arbitrary Detention">Working Group on Arbitrary Detention</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Malaysia" title="Capital punishment in Malaysia">death penalty</a> is in use for serious crimes such as <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug trafficking">drug trafficking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[159]</a> but in June 2022, Malaysian law minister <a href="/wiki/Wan_Junaidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wan Junaidi">Wan Junaidi</a> pledged to abolish capital punishment and replace it with other punishments at the discretion of the court.<a href="#cite_note-167">[160]</a> In July 2023, <a href="/wiki/The_1975" title="The 1975">The 1975</a> lead singer <a href="/wiki/Matty_Healy" title="Matty Healy">Matty Healy</a> slammed the country's anti-LGBTQ laws by kissing bandmate Ross MacDonald on stage at a music festival in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> causing the Ministry of Communications and Digital to cancel the 3 day event.<a href="#cite_note-168">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Geography of Malaysia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Relief map of Malaysia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg/400px-Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg/600px-Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg/800px-Malaysia_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">Topographic map</a> of Malaysia; <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kinabalu" title="Mount Kinabalu">Mount Kinabalu</a> is the highest summit in the country.</figcaption></figure> Malaysia is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_total_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and outlying territories by total area">66th largest country by total land area</a>, with a total area of 330,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-2010_stats-14">[9]</a> It has land <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_Malaysia" title="Borders of Malaysia">borders</a> with Thailand in West Malaysia, and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> in East Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> It is linked to <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> by a narrow causeway and a <a href="/wiki/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Second_Link" title="Malaysia–Singapore Second Link">bridge</a>. The country also has <a href="/wiki/Maritime_boundary" title="Maritime boundary">maritime boundaries</a> with <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[162]</a> and the Philippines.<a href="#cite_note-170">[163]</a> The land borders are defined in large part by geological features such as the <a href="/wiki/Perlis_River" title="Perlis River">Perlis River</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Golok_River" title="Golok River">Golok River</a> and the Pagalayan Canal, whilst some of the maritime boundaries are the subject of ongoing contention.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> Brunei forms what is almost an enclave in Malaysia,<a href="#cite_note-171">[164]</a> with the state of Sarawak dividing it into two parts. Malaysia is the only country with territory on both the Asian mainland and the Malay archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>, lying between <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and Peninsular Malaysia, is one of the most important thoroughfares in global commerce, carrying 40 per cent of the world's trade.<a href="#cite_note-173">[166]</a> The two parts of Malaysia, separated from each other by the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, share a largely similar landscape in that both Peninsular and East Malaysia feature coastal plains rising to hills and mountains.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> Peninsular Malaysia, containing 40 per cent of Malaysia's land area,<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> extends 740 km (460 mi) from north to south, and its maximum width is 322 km (200 mi).<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> It is divided between its east and west coasts by the <a href="/wiki/Titiwangsa_Mountains" title="Titiwangsa Mountains">Titiwangsa Mountains</a>,<a href="#cite_note-175">[168]</a> rising to a peak elevation of 2,183 metres (7,162 ft) at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Korbu" title="Mount Korbu">Mount Korbu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-AZ-176">[169]</a> part of a series of mountain ranges running down the centre of the peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> These mountains are heavily forested,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and mainly composed of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and other igneous rocks. Much of it has been eroded, creating a <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> landscape.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> The range is the origin of some of Peninsular Malaysia's river systems.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The coastal plains surrounding the peninsula reach a maximum width of 50 kilometres (31 mi), and the peninsula's coastline is nearly 1,931 km (1,200 mi) long, although harbours are only available on the western side.<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> East Malaysia, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, has a coastline of 2,607 km (1,620 mi).<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> It is divided between coastal regions, hills and valleys, and a mountainous interior.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Crocker_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocker Range">Crocker Range</a> extends northwards from Sarawak,<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> dividing the state of Sabah. It is the location of the 4,095 m (13,435 ft) high <a href="/wiki/Mount_Kinabalu" title="Mount Kinabalu">Mount Kinabalu</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thiessen-178">[171]</a> the tallest mountain in Malaysia. Mount Kinabalu is located in the <a href="/wiki/Kinabalu_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinabalu National Park">Kinabalu National Park</a>, which is protected as one of the four UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia">in Malaysia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[172]</a> The highest mountain ranges form the border between Malaysia and Indonesia. Sarawak contains the Mulu Caves, the largest cave system in the world, in the <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Mulu_National_Park" title="Gunung Mulu National Park">Gunung Mulu National Park</a> which is also a World Heritage Site.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> The largest river in Malaysia is the <a href="/wiki/Rajang_River" title="Rajang River">Rajang</a>. Around these two halves of Malaysia are <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">numerous islands</a>, the largest of which is <a href="/wiki/Banggi_Island" title="Banggi Island">Banggi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[173]</a> The local climate is <a href="/wiki/Tropical_climate" title="Tropical climate">equatorial</a> and characterised by the annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> The temperature is moderated by the presence of the surrounding oceans.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> Humidity is usually high, and the average annual rainfall is 250 cm (98 in).<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> The climates of the Peninsula and the East differ, as the climate on the peninsula is directly affected by wind from the mainland, as opposed to the more maritime weather of the East. Local climates can be divided into three regions, highland, lowland, and coastal.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Malaysia" title="Climate change in Malaysia">Climate change</a> will cause <a href="/wiki/Sea_level_rise" title="Sea level rise">sea level rise</a> and increased rainfall, increasing flood risks and leading to droughts.<a href="#cite_note-181">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity_and_conservation">Biodiversity and conservation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia" title="Wildlife of Malaysia">Wildlife of Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malaysia" title="Environmental issues in Malaysia">Environmental issues in Malaysia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_in_Malaysia" title="List of national parks in Malaysia">List of national parks in Malaysia</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MalayanTiger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tiger resting on an artificial log platform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MalayanTiger.jpg/220px-MalayanTiger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MalayanTiger.jpg/330px-MalayanTiger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/MalayanTiger.jpg/440px-MalayanTiger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Malayan tiger</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Zoo_of_Malaysia" title="National Zoo of Malaysia">National Zoo of Malaysia</a></figcaption></figure> Malaysia signed the Rio <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity</a> on 12 June 1993, and became a party to the convention on 24 June 1994.<a href="#cite_note-182">[175]</a> It has subsequently produced a <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_action_plan" title="Biodiversity action plan">National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan</a>, which was received by the convention on 16 April 1998.<a href="#cite_note-183">[176]</a> The country is <a href="/wiki/Megadiverse_countries" title="Megadiverse countries">megadiverse</a> with a high number of species and high levels of <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-megadiverse-184">[177]</a> It is estimated to contain 20 per cent of the world's animal species.<a href="#cite_note-Alexander-185">[178]</a> High levels of endemism are found on the diverse forests of Borneo's mountains, as species are isolated from each other by lowland forest.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> There are about 210 mammal species in the country.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a> Over 620 species of birds have been recorded in Peninsular Malaysia,<a href="#cite_note-Alexander-185">[178]</a> with many endemic to the mountains there. A high number of endemic bird species are also found in Malaysian Borneo.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> 250 reptile species have been recorded in the country, with about 150 species of snakes<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2007-186">[179]</a> and 80 species of lizards.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a> There are about 150 species of frogs,<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a> and thousands of insect species.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_Malaysia" title="Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia">Exclusive economic zone of Malaysia</a> is 334,671 km2 (129,217 sq mi) and 1.5 times larger than its land area. It is mainly in the <a href="/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[181]</a> Some of its waters are in the <a href="/wiki/Coral_Triangle" title="Coral Triangle">Coral Triangle</a>, a biodiversity hotspot.<a href="#cite_note-189">[182]</a> The waters around <a href="/wiki/Sipadan_island" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipadan island">Sipadan island</a> are the most biodiverse in the world.<a href="#cite_note-Alexander-185">[178]</a> Bordering East Malaysia, the <a href="/wiki/Sulu_Sea" title="Sulu Sea">Sulu Sea</a> is a biodiversity hotspot, with around 600 coral species and 1200 fish species.<a href="#cite_note-Gardeners-190">[183]</a> The unique biodiversity of Malaysian Caves always attracts lovers of <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> from all over the world.<a href="#cite_note-191">[184]</a> Nearly 4,000 species of fungi, including lichen-forming species have been recorded from Malaysia. Of the two fungal groups with the largest number of species in Malaysia, the <a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a> and their asexual states have been surveyed in some habitats (decaying wood, marine and freshwater ecosystems, as parasites of some plants, and as agents of biodegradation), but have not been or have been only poorly surveyed in other habitats (as endobionts, in soils, on dung, as human and animal pathogens); the <a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a> are only partly surveyed: <a href="/wiki/Bracket_fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracket fungi">bracket fungi</a>, and mushrooms and <a href="/wiki/Toadstool" class="mw-redirect" title="Toadstool">toadstools</a> have been studied, but Malaysian rust and smut fungi remain very poorly known. Without doubt, many more fungal species in Malaysia are yet to be recorded, and it is likely that many of those, when found, will be new to science.<a href="#cite_note-192">[185]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Red flower made of 5 petals surrounding a depressed centre, on the forest floor surrounded by dead leaves and small green plants" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg/220px-Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg/330px-Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg/440px-Rafflesia_80_cm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Some species of <a href="/wiki/Rafflesia" title="Rafflesia">Rafflesia</a> can grow up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter, making them the largest flowers in the world.</figcaption></figure> About two thirds of Malaysia was covered in forest as of 2007,<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> with some forests believed to be 130 million years old.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a> The forests are dominated by <a href="/wiki/Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">dipterocarps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WWF-193">[186]</a> Lowland forest covers areas below 760 m (2,490 ft),<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> and formerly East Malaysia was covered in <a href="/wiki/Borneo_lowland_rain_forests" title="Borneo lowland rain forests">such rainforest</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WWF-193">[186]</a> which is supported by its hot wet climate.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> There are around 14,500 species of flowering plants and trees.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond-177">[170]</a> Besides rainforests, there are over 1,425 km2 (550 sq mi) of <a href="/wiki/Mangroves" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangroves">mangroves</a> in Malaysia,<a href="#cite_note-Swee-Hock-174">[167]</a> and a large amount of peat forest. At higher altitudes, oaks, chestnuts, and rhododendrons replace dipterocarps.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> There are an estimated 8,500 species of <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plants</a> in Peninsular Malaysia, with another 15,000 in the East.<a href="#cite_note-194">[187]</a> The forests of East Malaysia are estimated to be the habitat of around 2,000 tree species, and are one of the most biodiverse areas in the world, with 240 different species of trees every hectare.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> These forests host many members of the <a href="/wiki/Rafflesia" title="Rafflesia">Rafflesia</a> genus, the largest flowers in the world,<a href="#cite_note-WWF-193">[186]</a> with a maximum diameter of 1 m (3 ft 3 in).<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a>, along with cultivation practices, has devastated tree cover, causing severe environmental degradation in the country. Over 80 per cent of Sarawak's rainforest has been logged.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> Floods in East Malaysia have been worsened by the loss of trees, and over 60 per cent of the peninsula's forest have been cleared.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> With current rates of <a href="/wiki/Social_and_environmental_impact_of_palm_oil#Deforestation" title="Social and environmental impact of palm oil">deforestation</a>, mainly for the <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil_production_in_Malaysia" title="Palm oil production in Malaysia">palm oil</a> industry, the forests are predicted to be extinct by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[189]</a> <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Malaysia" title="Deforestation in Malaysia">Deforestation</a> is a major problem for animals, fungi and plants, having caused species such as <a href="/wiki/Begonia_eiromischa" title="Begonia eiromischa">Begonia eiromischa</a> to go extinct.<a href="#cite_note-Tigers-197">[190]</a> Most remaining forest is found inside reserves and national parks.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> Habitat destruction has proved a threat for marine life.<a href="#cite_note-Gardeners-190">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal fishing</a> is another major threat,<a href="#cite_note-Gardeners-190">[183]</a> with fishing methods such as <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamite fishing">dynamite fishing</a> and poisoning depleting marine ecosystems.<a href="#cite_note-Artificial-198">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leatherback_turtle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leatherback turtle">Leatherback turtle</a> numbers have dropped 98 per cent since the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2007-186">[179]</a> Hunting has also been an issue for some animals,<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Overconsumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Overconsumption">overconsumption</a> and the use of animal parts for profit endangering many animals, from marine life<a href="#cite_note-Gardeners-190">[183]</a> to tigers.<a href="#cite_note-Tigers-197">[190]</a> Marine life is also detrimentally affected by uncontrolled tourism.<a href="#cite_note-Go-199">[192]</a> The Malaysian government aims to balance economic growth with environmental protection, but has been accused of favouring big business over the environment.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> Some state governments are now trying to counter the environmental impact and pollution created by deforestation;<a href="#cite_note-WWF-193">[186]</a> and the federal government is trying to cut logging by 10 per cent each year. A total of <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks of Malaysia">28 national parks</a> have been established, 23 in East Malaysia and five in the peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> Tourism has been limited in biodiverse areas such as Sipadan island.<a href="#cite_note-Go-199">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_smuggling" title="Wildlife smuggling">Wildlife trafficking</a> is a large issue, and the Malaysian government has held talks with the governments of Brunei and Indonesia to standardise anti-trafficking laws.<a href="#cite_note-200">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malaysia" title="Economy of Malaysia">Economy of Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/300px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/450px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/600px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Development of real GDP per capita, 1820 to 2018</figcaption></figure> Malaysia is a relatively <a href="/wiki/Open_economy" title="Open economy">open</a> state-oriented and <a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialised_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Newly industrialised country">newly industrialised</a> <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[194]</a> It has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">36th-largest economy</a> by nominal GDP and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">31st-largest</a> by <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>. In 2017, the large <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a> contributed to 53.6% of total <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>, the industrial sector 37.6%, and the small agricultural sector roughly 8.8%.<a href="#cite_note-202">[195]</a> Malaysia has a low official <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of countries by unemployment rate">unemployment rate</a> of 3.9%.<a href="#cite_note-203">[196]</a> Its foreign exchange reserves are the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_foreign-exchange_reserves" title="List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves">24th-largest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[197]</a> It has a labour force of about 15 million, which is the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_labour_force" title="List of countries by labour force">34th-largest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-205">[198]</a> Malaysia's large <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia">automotive industry</a> ranks as the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">22nd-largest by production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[199]</a> Malaysia is the world's 23rd-largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_exports" title="List of countries by exports">exporter</a> and 25th-largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_imports" title="List of countries by imports">importer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[201]</a> However, economic inequalities exist between different ethnic groups.<a href="#cite_note-209">[202]</a> The Chinese make up about one-quarter of the population, but account for 70 per cent of the country's market capitalisation.<a href="#cite_note-210">[203]</a> Chinese businesses in Malaysia are part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Bamboo_network" title="Bamboo network">bamboo network</a>, a network of <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">overseas Chinese</a> businesses in the Southeast Asian market sharing common family and cultural ties.<a href="#cite_note-Weidenbaum-211">[204]</a> International trade, facilitated by the shipping route in adjacent <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Malacca" title="Strait of Malacca">Strait of Malacca</a>, and manufacturing are the key sectors.<a href="#cite_note-212">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[207]</a> Malaysia is an exporter of natural and agricultural resources, and petroleum is a major export.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> Malaysia has once been the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">tin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-215">[208]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubber">rubber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> in the world. Manufacturing has a large influence in the country's economy,<a href="#cite_note-216">[209]</a> although Malaysia's economic structure has been moving away from it.<a href="#cite_note-WPRO-217">[210]</a> Malaysia remains one of the world's largest producers of palm oil.<a href="#cite_note-218">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Tourism</a> is the third-largest contributor to Malaysia's GDP, after the manufacturing and commodities sectors.<a href="#cite_note-219">[212]</a> In 2019, the sector contributed about 15.9 per cent to the total GDP. According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a>, Malaysia was the fourteenth-most visited country in the world, and the fourth-most visited country in Asia in 2019, with over 26.1 million visits.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-220">[213]</a> Malaysia was ranked 38th in the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2019.<a href="#cite_note-221">[214]</a> Its international tourism receipts in 2019 amounted to $19.8 billion.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-220">[213]</a> The country has developed into a centre of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic banking">Islamic banking</a>, and has the highest numbers of female workers in that industry.<a href="#cite_note-iht001-222">[215]</a> Knowledge-based services are also expanding.<a href="#cite_note-WPRO-217">[210]</a> In 2020, Malaysia exported high-tech products worth $92.1 billion, the second-highest in ASEAN, after Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-223">[216]</a> Malaysia was ranked 33rd in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, and 32nd in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Report" title="Global Competitiveness Report">Global Competitiveness Report</a> in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-224">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia" title="Transport in Malaysia">Transport in Malaysia</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Expressway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg/208px-NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg/312px-NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg/416px-NorthSouth-Expressway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/North%E2%80%93South_Expressway_(Malaysia)" title="North–South Expressway (Malaysia)">North–South Expressway</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Airport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg/208px-KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg/312px-KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg/416px-KLIA_MTB%26Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="1224" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport" title="Kuala Lumpur International Airport">Kuala Lumpur International Airport</a></div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Malaysia" title="Rail transport in Malaysia">Railway transport in Malaysia</a> is state-run, and spans some 2,783 kilometres (1,729 mi).<a href="#cite_note-226">[219]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit">[update]</a>, Malaysia has the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_road_network_size" title="List of countries by road network size">26th-largest road network</a>, with some 238,823 kilometres (148,398 mi) of roads. Malaysia's inland waterways are the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_waterways_length" title="List of countries by waterways length">22nd-longest</a>, and total 7,200 km (4,474 mi).<a href="#cite_note-227">[220]</a> Among <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Malaysia" title="List of airports in Malaysia">Malaysia's 114 airports</a>,<a href="#cite_note-228">[221]</a> among which the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Malaysia" title="List of the busiest airports in Malaysia">busiest</a> is <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport" title="Kuala Lumpur International Airport">Kuala Lumpur International Airport</a> located south of Kuala Lumpur in <a href="/wiki/Sepang_District" title="Sepang District">Sepang District</a>, which is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Asia">twelfth-busiest airport</a> in Asia. Among the 7 federal ports, the major one is <a href="/wiki/Port_Klang" title="Port Klang">Port Klang</a>,<a href="#cite_note-229">[222]</a> which is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_container_ports" title="List of busiest container ports">thirteenth-busiest container port</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[223]</a> Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> is <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a>, providing international and domestic air services.<a href="#cite_note-231">[224]</a> Malaysia's <a href="/wiki/Telecommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunication">telecommunications</a> network is second only to Singapore's in Southeast Asia, with 4.7 million fixed-line subscribers and more than 30 million cellular subscribers.<a href="#cite_note-Tele-232">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[226]</a> There are 200 <a href="/wiki/Industrial_park" title="Industrial park">industrial parks</a> along with specialised parks such as <a href="/wiki/Technology_Park_Malaysia" title="Technology Park Malaysia">Technology Park Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kulim_Hi-Tech_Park" title="Kulim Hi-Tech Park">Kulim Hi-Tech Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MIDA-234">[227]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">Fresh water</a> is available to over 95% of the population, with <a href="/wiki/Ground_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground water">ground water</a> accounting for 90% of the freshwater resources.<a href="#cite_note-235">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[229]</a> Although rural areas have been the focus of great development, they still lag behind areas such as the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-237">[230]</a> The telecommunication network, although strong in urban areas, is less available to the rural population.<a href="#cite_note-Tele-232">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Malaysia" title="Energy policy of Malaysia">Malaysia's energy</a> infrastructure sector is largely dominated by <a href="/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional" title="Tenaga Nasional">Tenaga Nasional</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Electric_utility" title="Electric utility">electric utility</a> company in Southeast Asia. Customers in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a> are connected to electricity through the <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_(Malaysia)" title="National Grid (Malaysia)">National Grid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-238">[231]</a> The other two electric utility companies in the country are <a href="/wiki/Sarawak_Energy" title="Sarawak Energy">Sarawak Energy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabah_Electricity" title="Sabah Electricity">Sabah Electricity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[232]</a> In 2013, Malaysia's total power generation capacity was over 29,728 <a href="/wiki/Megawatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatts">megawatts</a>. Total electricity generation was 140,985.01 <a href="/wiki/GWh" class="mw-redirect" title="GWh">GWh</a> and total electricity consumption was 116,087.51 GWh.<a href="#cite_note-240">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Malaysia" title="List of power stations in Malaysia">Energy production</a> in Malaysia is largely based on oil and natural gas, owing to Malaysia's oil and natural gas reserves, which are the fourth largest in the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region.<a href="#cite_note-Unimap-241">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics of Malaysia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A map of Malaysia depicting the expected 2010 estimated population density." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png/350px-Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png/525px-Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png/700px-Malaysia_population_density_2010b.png 2x" data-file-width="1155" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>Population density (person per km2) in 2010</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group,_2010.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Percentage distribution of Malaysian population by ethnic group, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group%2C_2010.svg/350px-Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group%2C_2010.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group%2C_2010.svg/525px-Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group%2C_2010.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group%2C_2010.svg/700px-Percentage_distribution_of_Malaysian_population_by_ethnic_group%2C_2010.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="532" data-file-height="218" /></a><figcaption>The percentage distribution of Malaysian population by ethnic group based on 2010 census</figcaption></figure> According to the Malaysian Department of Statistics, the country's population was 32,447,385 in 2020,<a href="#cite_note-Population2010-242">[235]</a> making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_in_2010" title="List of countries by population in 2010">42nd most populated country</a>. According to a 2012 estimate, the population is increasing by 1.54 per cent per year. Malaysia has an average population density of 96 people per km2, ranking it <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories by population density">116th in the world</a> for population density. People within the 15–64 <a href="/wiki/Age_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Age group">age group</a> constitute 69.5 per cent of the total population; the 0–14 age group corresponds to 24.5 per cent; while senior citizens aged 65 years or older make up 6.0 per cent. In 1960, when the first official census was recorded in Malaysia, the population was 8.11 million. 91.8 per cent of the population are Malaysian citizens.<a href="#cite_note-stat2010-243">[236]</a> Malaysian citizens are divided along local ethnic lines, with 69.7 per cent considered <a href="/wiki/Bumiputera_(Malaysia)" title="Bumiputera (Malaysia)">bumiputera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Q12021-244">[237]</a> The largest group of bumiputera are <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">Malays</a>, who are defined in the constitution as <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> who practise Malay customs and culture. They play a dominant role politically.<a href="#cite_note-245">[238]</a> Bumiputera status is also accorded to the non-Malay indigenous groups of Sabah and Sarawak: which includes <a href="/wiki/Dayak_people" title="Dayak people">Dayaks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iban_people" title="Iban people">Iban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidayuh" title="Bidayuh">Bidayuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Ulu" title="Orang Ulu">Orang Ulu</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kadazan-Dusun" title="Kadazan-Dusun">Kadazan-Dusun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melanau_people" title="Melanau people">Melanau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Bajau</a> and others. Non-Malay bumiputeras make up more than half of Sarawak's population and over two thirds of Sabah's population.<a href="#cite_note-246">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[240]</a> There are also indigenous or aboriginal groups in much smaller numbers on the peninsular, where they are collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Orang_Asli" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[241]</a> Laws over who gets bumiputera status vary between states.<a href="#cite_note-249">[242]</a> There are also two other non-Bumiputera local ethnic groups. 22.8 per cent of the population are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Chinese" title="Malaysian Chinese">Malaysian Chinese</a>, while 6.8 per cent are <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysian Indian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Q12021-244">[237]</a> The local Chinese have historically been more dominant in the business community. Local Indians are mostly of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil people">Tamil</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-250">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barbara-251">[244]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian citizenship">Malaysian citizenship</a> is not automatically granted to those born in Malaysia, but is granted to a child born of two Malaysian parents outside Malaysia. Dual citizenship is not permitted.<a href="#cite_note-252">[245]</a> Citizenship in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo are distinct from citizenship in Peninsular Malaysia for immigration purposes. Every citizen is issued a biometric smart chip <a href="/wiki/Identity_document" title="Identity document">identity card</a> known as <a href="/wiki/MyKad" class="mw-redirect" title="MyKad">MyKad</a> at the age of 12, and must carry the card at all times.<a href="#cite_note-253">[246]</a> The population is concentrated on Peninsular Malaysia,<a href="#cite_note-254">[247]</a> where 20 million out of approximately 28 million Malaysians live.<a href="#cite_note-state.gov-59">[52]</a> 70 per cent of the population is urban.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> Due to the rise in labour-intensive industries,<a href="#cite_note-255">[248]</a> the country is estimated to have over 3 million migrant workers; about 10 per cent of the population.<a href="#cite_note-256">[249]</a> Sabah-based NGOs estimate that out of the 3 million that make up the population of Sabah, 2 million are illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-257">[250]</a> Malaysia hosts a population of refugees and asylum seekers numbering approximately 171,500. Of this population, approximately 79,000 are from Burma, 72,400 from the Philippines, and 17,700 from Indonesia. Malaysian officials are reported to have turned deportees directly over to human smugglers in 2007, and Malaysia employs <a href="/wiki/RELA_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="RELA Corps">RELA</a>, a volunteer militia with a history of controversies, to enforce its immigration law.<a href="#cite_note-258">[251]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Largest cities of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population#Classification" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">cities and municipalities</a> in Malaysia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">Department of Statistics, Malaysia (2020)<a href="#cite_note-259">[252]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">State</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Malaysia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_(18794580599).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kuala Lumpur"><img alt="Kuala Lumpur" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/120px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/180px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/240px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bandar_Kajang,_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kajang"><img alt="Kajang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg/120px-Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg/180px-Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg/240px-Bandar_Kajang%2C_Hulu_Langat_District_20230618_120509.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kajang" title="Kajang">Kajang</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Territories (Malaysia)">Federal Territory</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,982,112</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ipoh" title="Ipoh">Ipoh</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">759,952 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Butterworth,_Seberang_Perai,_Penang_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seberang Perai"><img alt="Seberang Perai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/120px-Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/180px-Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg/240px-Butterworth%2C_Seberang_Perai%2C_Penang_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7789" data-file-height="5842" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Subang Jaya"><img alt="Subang Jaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg/120px-Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg/180px-Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg/240px-Subang_Jaya_at_Dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Subang_Jaya" title="Subang Jaya">Subang Jaya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kajang" title="Kajang">Kajang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,047,356</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">681,541 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Seberang_Perai" title="Seberang Perai">Seberang Perai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">946,092</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Puteri" title="Iskandar Puteri">Iskandar Puteri</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">575,977 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Subang_Jaya" title="Subang Jaya">Subang Jaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">902,086</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">548,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Klang_(city)" title="Klang (city)">Klang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">902,025</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sungai_Petani" title="Sungai Petani">Sungai Petani</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">545,053 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">858,118</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ampang_Jaya" title="Ampang Jaya">Ampang Jaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">531,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">812,327</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">500,425 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">794,313</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malacca_City" title="Malacca City">Malacca City</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">453,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">771,687</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sandakan" title="Sandakan">Sandakan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">439,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selayang" title="Selayang">Selayang</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">764,327</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">423,868 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Religion in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Map of Malaysia showing religious statistics by state" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg/220px-Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg/330px-Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg/440px-Malaysia_religion_by_state_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Dominant religious confessions in Malaysia according to <a href="/wiki/Census_in_Malaysia" title="Census in Malaysia">2020 census</a>:<a href="#cite_note-260">[253]</a> Dark green: Muslim majority > 50% Light green: Muslim plurality < 50% Blue: Christian majority > 50% </figcaption></figure> The constitution grants freedom of religion, while establishing Islam as the "religion of the Federation".<a href="#cite_note-261">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-malaysianbar.org.my-262">[255]</a> According to the Population and Housing Census 2020 figures, ethnicity and religious beliefs correlate highly. Approximately 63.5% of the population practise <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Islam</a>, 18.7% practise <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Malaysia" title="Buddhism in Malaysia">Buddhism</a>, 9.1% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Malaysia" title="Christianity in Malaysia">Christianity</a>, 6.1% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Malaysia" title="Hinduism in Malaysia">Hinduism</a> and 1.3% practise <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and other traditional <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese religions</a>. 2.7% declared no religion or practised other religions or did not provide any information.<a href="#cite_note-Population2010-242">[235]</a> The states of <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> and the federal territory of <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> have non-Muslim majorities.<a href="#cite_note-263">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[257]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafi'i">Shafi'i</a> school of <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a> is the dominant branch of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Malaysia" title="Islam in Malaysia">Islam in Malaysia</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Peletz2002-265">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a> while 18% are <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Muslims">nondenominational Muslims</a>.<a href="#cite_note-267">[260]</a> The Malaysian constitution strictly defines what makes a "Malay", defining Malays as those who are Muslim, speak Malay regularly, practise Malay customs, and lived in or have ancestors from Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 83.6% of the Chinese population identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Taoism (3.4%) and Christianity (11.1%), along with small Muslim populations in areas like Penang. The majority of the Indian population follows Hinduism (86.2%), with a significant minority identifying as Christians (6.0%) or Muslims (4.1%). Christianity is the predominant religion of the non-Malay bumiputera community (46.5%), while 40.4% identify as Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Population2010-242">[235]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> are obliged to follow the decisions of <a href="/wiki/Syariah_Court" title="Syariah Court">Syariah Courts</a> (i.e. Shariah courts) in matters concerning their religion. The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi'i legal school of Islam, which is the main <a href="/wiki/Madh%27hab" class="mw-redirect" title="Madh'hab">madh'hab</a> of Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Peletz2002-265">[258]</a> The jurisdiction of Syariah courts is limited to Muslims in matters such as <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inheritance" title="Inheritance">inheritance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostasy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">religious conversion</a>, and custody among others. No other criminal or civil offences are under the jurisdiction of the Syariah courts, which have a similar hierarchy to the <a href="/wiki/Courts_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Courts of Malaysia">civil courts</a>. The civil courts do not hear matters related to Islamic practices.<a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages of Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png/220px-Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png/330px-Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png/440px-Distribution_of_Malaysia_Families_Languages.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>The distribution of language families of Malaysia shown by colours: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Malayic_languages" title="Malayic languages">Malayic</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Bornean_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bornean languages">Bornean</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Aslian_languages" title="Aslian languages">Aslian</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Land_Dayak_languages" title="Land Dayak languages">Land Dayak</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sama%E2%80%93Bajaw_languages" title="Sama–Bajaw languages">Sama–Bajaw</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Philippine_languages" title="Philippine languages">Philippine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Areas with multiple languages</div></figcaption></figure> The official and national language of Malaysia is <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malay" title="Malaysian Malay">Malaysian Malay</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CIA_Fact_Book-25">[19]</a> a standardised form of the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[262]</a> The previous official terminology was Bahasa Malaysia (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> 'Malaysian language')<a href="#cite_note-270">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[265]</a> but now government policy uses "Bahasa Melayu" (Malay language) to refer to the official language<a href="#cite_note-273">[266]</a> and both terms remain in use.<a href="#cite_note-274">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[268]</a> The National Language Act 1967 specifies the <a href="/wiki/Malay_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Malay alphabet">Latin (Rumi) script</a> as the official <a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">script</a> of the national language, but does not prohibit the use of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Jawi_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jawi alphabet">Jawi script</a>.<a href="#cite_note-National_Language_Act_1967-276">[269]</a> English remains an active <a href="/wiki/Second_language" title="Second language">second language</a>, with its use allowed for some official purposes under the National Language Act of 1967.<a href="#cite_note-National_Language_Act_1967-276">[269]</a> In Sarawak, English is an official state language alongside Malay.<a href="#cite_note-lang1-277">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-lang2-278">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-lang3-279">[272]</a> Historically, English was the de facto administrative language; Malay became predominant after the 1969 race riots (<a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">13 May incident</a>).<a href="#cite_note-History-280">[273]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_English" title="Malaysian English">Malaysian English</a>, also known as Malaysian Standard English, is a form of English derived from <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>. Malaysian English is widely used in business, along with <a href="/wiki/Manglish" title="Manglish">Manglish</a>, which is a colloquial form of English with heavy Malay, Chinese, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> influences. The government discourages the use of non-standard Malay but has no power to issue compounds or fines to those who use what is perceived as improper Malay on their advertisements.<a href="#cite_note-281">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[275]</a> Many other languages are used in Malaysia, which contains speakers of 137 living languages.<a href="#cite_note-283">[276]</a> Peninsular Malaysia contains speakers of 41 of these languages.<a href="#cite_note-284">[277]</a> The native tribes of East Malaysia have their own languages which are related to, but easily distinguishable from, Malay. <a href="/wiki/Iban_language" title="Iban language">Iban</a> is the main tribal language in Sarawak while <a href="/wiki/Dusunic_languages" title="Dusunic languages">Dusunic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Kadazan_language" title="Coastal Kadazan language">Kadazan</a> languages are spoken by the natives in Sabah.<a href="#cite_note-285">[278]</a> Chinese Malaysians predominantly speak Chinese dialects from the <a href="/wiki/South_China" title="South China">southern part</a> of China. The more common <a href="/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese" title="Varieties of Chinese">Chinese varieties</a> in the country are <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a>, and so on.<a href="#cite_note-286">[279]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil language</a> is used predominantly by the majority of Malaysian Indians.<a href="#cite_note-287">[280]</a> A small number of Malaysians have <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Europe" title="Ethnic groups in Europe">European ancestry</a> and speak <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole languages</a>, such as the Portuguese-based <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-based_creole_languages#Southeast_Asia" title="Portuguese-based creole languages">Malaccan Creoles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-288">[281]</a> and the Spanish-based <a href="/wiki/Chavacano_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chavacano language">Chavacano language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Malaysia" title="Health in Malaysia">Health in Malaysia</a></div> Malaysia operates an efficient and widespread <a href="/wiki/Two-tier_healthcare" title="Two-tier healthcare">two-tier healthcare</a> system, consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Universal_healthcare" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal healthcare">universal healthcare</a> system and a co-existing private healthcare system; provided by highly subsidized healthcare through its extensive network of public hospitals and clinics.<a href="#cite_note-290">[283]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Health (Malaysia)">Ministry of Health</a> is the main provider of healthcare services to the country's population.<a href="#cite_note-291">[284]</a> Malaysia's healthcare system is considered to be among the most developed in Asia, which contributes to its thriving <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Medical tourism in Malaysia">medical tourism industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[285]</a> Malaysia spent 3.83% of its GDP on healthcare in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-293">[286]</a> In 2020, the overall <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> in Malaysia at birth was 76 years (74 years for males and 78 years for females),<a href="#cite_note-294">[287]</a> and it had an <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> of 7 deaths per 1000 births.<a href="#cite_note-295">[288]</a> Malaysia had a <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> of 2.0 in 2020, which is just below the <a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility" title="Sub-replacement fertility">replacement level</a> of 2.1.<a href="#cite_note-296">[289]</a> In 2020, the country's crude <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> was 16 per 1000 people, and the crude <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">death rate</a> was 5 per 1000 people.<a href="#cite_note-297">[290]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[291]</a> In 2021, the principal cause of death among Malaysian adults was <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease" title="Coronary artery disease">coronary artery disease</a>, representing 17% of the medically certified deaths in 2020—being followed by <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>; which accounted for 11% of the deaths.<a href="#cite_note-299">[292]</a> <a href="/wiki/Transport_accidents" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport accidents">Transport accidents</a> are considered a major health hazard, as Malaysia, relative to its population, has one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_traffic-related_death_rate" title="List of countries by traffic-related death rate">highest traffic fatality rates</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-300">[293]</a> <a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Malaysia" title="Smoking in Malaysia">Smoking</a> is also considered a major health issue across the country.<a href="#cite_note-301">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Education in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg/220px-Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg/330px-Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg/440px-Putrajaya_Malaysia_Ministry-of-Education-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Malaysia)" title="Ministry of Education (Malaysia)">Ministry of Education</a>, Putrajaya</figcaption></figure> The education system of Malaysia features a non-compulsory kindergarten education followed by six years of compulsory primary education, and five years of optional secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-302">[295]</a> Schools in the primary education system are divided into two categories: national primary schools, which teach in Malay, and vernacular schools, which teach in Chinese or Tamil.<a href="#cite_note-303">[296]</a> Secondary education is conducted for five years. In the final year of secondary education, students sit for the <a href="/wiki/Sijil_Pelajaran_Malaysia" title="Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia">Malaysian Certificate of Education examination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[297]</a> Since the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Matriculation_Programme" title="Malaysian Matriculation Programme">matriculation programme</a> in 1999, students who completed the 12-month programme in matriculation colleges can enroll in local universities. However, in the matriculation system, only 10 per cent of places are open to non-bumiputera[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Technical_language" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">jargon</a>] students.<a href="#cite_note-305">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture of Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The wooden frame of a house under construction, with the floor raised off the ground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg/220px-Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg/330px-Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg/440px-Salarom_Sabah_Frame-of-a-new-house-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5402" data-file-height="3219" /></a><figcaption>A traditional house being built in <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></figcaption></figure> Malaysia has a multi-ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society. Substantial influence exists from <a href="/wiki/Chinese_culture" title="Chinese culture">Chinese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Culture">Indian</a> culture, dating back to when foreign trade began. Other cultural influences include the <a href="/wiki/Persian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian culture">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic culture">Arabic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/British_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="British culture">British</a> cultures. Due to the structure of the government, coupled with the <a href="/wiki/Social_contract_(Malaysia)" title="Social contract (Malaysia)">social contract</a> theory, there has been minimal <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">cultural assimilation</a> of ethnic minorities.<a href="#cite_note-306">[299]</a> Some cultural disputes exist between Malaysia and neighbouring countries, notably <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-307">[300]</a> In 1971, the government created a "National Cultural Policy", defining Malaysian culture. It stated that Malaysian culture must be based on the culture of the indigenous peoples of Malaysia, that it may incorporate suitable elements from other cultures, and that Islam must play a part in it.<a href="#cite_note-Papers-308">[301]</a> It also promoted the Malay language above others.<a href="#cite_note-Cinema-309">[302]</a> This government intervention into culture has caused resentment among non-Malays who feel their cultural freedom was lessened. Both Chinese and Indian associations have submitted memorandums to the government, accusing it of formulating an undemocratic culture policy.<a href="#cite_note-Papers-308">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_arts">Fine arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_art" title="Malaysian art">Malaysian art</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Music of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Malaysian literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malaysian_Batik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Making Malaysian batik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Malaysian_Batik.jpg/220px-Malaysian_Batik.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Malaysian_Batik.jpg/330px-Malaysian_Batik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Malaysian_Batik.jpg/440px-Malaysian_Batik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2590" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption>A craftsman making <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_batik" title="Malaysian batik">Malaysian batik</a> is usually patterned with floral motifs with light colouring.</figcaption></figure> Traditional Malaysian art was mainly centred on the areas of carving, weaving, and silversmithing.<a href="#cite_note-310">[303]</a> Traditional art ranges from handwoven baskets from rural areas to the silverwork of the Malay courts. Common artworks included ornamental <a href="/wiki/Kris" title="Kris">kris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beetle_nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Beetle nut">beetle nut</a> sets, and woven <a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">batik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">songket</a> fabrics. Indigenous East Malaysians are known for their wooden masks.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> Each ethnic group have distinct performing arts, with little overlap between them. However, Malay art does show some North Indian influence due to the historical influence of India.<a href="#cite_note-Garland-311">[304]</a> Traditional Malay music and performing arts appear to have originated in the <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>-<a href="/wiki/Patani_(historical_region)" title="Patani (historical region)">Pattani</a> region with influences from India, China, Thailand, and Indonesia. The music is based around percussion instruments,<a href="#cite_note-Garland-311">[304]</a> the most important of which is the <a href="/wiki/Gendang" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendang">gendang</a> (drum). There are at least 14 types of traditional drums.<a href="#cite_note-Asiapac-312">[305]</a> Drums and other traditional percussion instruments and are often made from natural materials.<a href="#cite_note-Asiapac-312">[305]</a> Music is traditionally used for storytelling, celebrating life-cycle events, and occasions such as a harvest.<a href="#cite_note-Garland-311">[304]</a> It was once used as a form of long-distance communication.<a href="#cite_note-Asiapac-312">[305]</a> In East Malaysia, <a href="/wiki/Gong" title="Gong">gong</a>-based musical ensembles such as <a href="/wiki/Agung" title="Agung">agung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kulintang" title="Kulintang">kulintang</a> are commonly used in ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.<a href="#cite_note-Matusky-313">[306]</a> These ensembles are also common in neighbouring regions such as in <a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a> in the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a> in Indonesia, and Brunei.<a href="#cite_note-Matusky-313">[306]</a> Malaysia has a strong oral tradition that has existed since before the arrival of writing, and continues today. Each of the Malay Sultanates created their own literary tradition, influenced by pre-existing oral stories and by the stories that came with Islam.<a href="#cite_note-EncyclopediaMy-314">[307]</a> The first Malay literature was in the Arabic script. The earliest known Malay writing is on the <a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Inscription_Stone" title="Terengganu Inscription Stone">Terengganu stone</a>, made in 1303.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> Chinese and Indian literature became common as the numbers of speakers increased in Malaysia, and locally produced works based in languages from those areas began to be produced in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-EncyclopediaMy-314">[307]</a> English has also become a common literary language.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> In 1971, the government took the step of defining the literature of different languages. Literature written in Malay was called "the national literature of Malaysia", literature in other bumiputera languages was called "regional literature", while literature in other languages was called "sectional literature".<a href="#cite_note-Cinema-309">[302]</a> Malay poetry is highly developed, and uses many forms. The Hikayat form is popular, and the pantun has spread from Malay to other languages.<a href="#cite_note-EncyclopediaMy-314">[307]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian cuisine</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Teh_Tarik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A glass of Teh tarik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Teh_Tarik.jpg/105px-Teh_Tarik.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Teh_Tarik.jpg/158px-Teh_Tarik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Teh_Tarik.jpg/210px-Teh_Tarik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="2520" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Teh_tarik" title="Teh tarik">Teh tarik</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:181px;max-width:181px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:134px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasi_lemak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nasi lemak in a plate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nasi_lemak.jpg/179px-Nasi_lemak.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nasi_lemak.jpg/269px-Nasi_lemak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Nasi_lemak.jpg/358px-Nasi_lemak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Nasi_lemak" title="Nasi lemak">Nasi lemak</a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">The national drink and dish of Malaysia<a href="#cite_note-315">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[309]</a></div></div></div></div> Malaysia's cuisine reflects the multi-ethnic makeup of its population.<a href="#cite_note-Eckhardt-317">[310]</a> Many cultures from within the country and from surrounding regions have greatly influenced the cuisine. Much of the influence comes from the Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran cultures,<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> largely due to the country being part of the ancient <a href="/wiki/Spice_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Spice route">spice route</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Independent-318">[311]</a> The cuisine is very similar to that of Singapore and Brunei,<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> and also bears resemblance to Filipino cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> The different states have varied dishes,<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> and often the food in Malaysia is different from the original dishes.<a href="#cite_note-Barbara-251">[244]</a> Sometimes food not found in its original culture is assimilated into another; for example, Chinese restaurants in Malaysia often serve Malay dishes.<a href="#cite_note-319">[312]</a> Food from one culture is sometimes also cooked using styles taken from another culture,<a href="#cite_note-Richmond2-195">[188]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a> belacan (<a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">shrimp paste</a>) are commonly used as ingredients by Chinese restaurants to create the <a href="/wiki/Stir_fried_water_spinach" class="mw-redirect" title="Stir fried water spinach">stir fried water spinach</a> (kangkung belacan).<a href="#cite_note-320">[313]</a> This means that although much of Malaysian food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity.<a href="#cite_note-Independent-318">[311]</a> Rice is a staple food, and an important constituent of the country's culture.<a href="#cite_note-321">[314]</a> Chili is commonly found in local cuisine, although this does not necessarily make them spicy.<a href="#cite_note-Eckhardt-317">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Malaysia" title="Mass media in Malaysia">Mass media in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RTM_Logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/RTM_Logo_2021.svg/220px-RTM_Logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/RTM_Logo_2021.svg/330px-RTM_Logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b6/RTM_Logo_2021.svg/440px-RTM_Logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption>Logo of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">Radio Televisyen Malaysia</a>, the country's main public broadcaster</figcaption></figure> Malaysia's main newspapers are owned by the government and political parties in the ruling coalition,<a href="#cite_note-322">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-323">[316]</a> although some major opposition parties also have their own, which are openly sold alongside regular newspapers. A divide exists between the media in the two halves of the country. Peninsular-based media gives low priority to news from the East, and often treats the eastern states as colonies of the peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-Mirror-324">[317]</a> As a result of this, East Malaysia region of Sarawak launched <a href="/wiki/TVS_(Malaysian_TV_channel)" title="TVS (Malaysian TV channel)">TV Sarawak</a> as internet streaming beginning in 2014, and as TV station on 10 October 2020<a href="#cite_note-325">[318]</a> to overcome the low priority and coverage of Peninsular-based media and to solidify the representation of East Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-326">[319]</a> The media have been blamed for increasing tension between Indonesia and Malaysia, and giving Malaysians a bad image of Indonesians.<a href="#cite_note-327">[320]</a> The country has Malay, English, Chinese, and Tamil dailies.<a href="#cite_note-Mirror-324">[317]</a> Kadazandusun and Bajau news are only available via TV broadcast Berita RTM.<a href="#cite_note-Berita_RTM-328">[321]</a> Written Kadazan news was once included in publications such as <a href="/wiki/The_Borneo_Post" title="The Borneo Post">The Borneo Post</a>, the Borneo Mail, the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Express_(Malaysia)" title="Daily Express (Malaysia)">Daily Express</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Sabah_Times" title="New Sabah Times">New Sabah Times</a>, but publication has ceased with the newspaper or as a section.<a href="#cite_note-329">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[323]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a> is limited, with numerous restrictions on publishing rights and information dissemination.<a href="#cite_note-331">[324]</a> The government has previously tried to crack down on opposition papers before elections.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-323">[316]</a> In 2007, a government agency issued a directive to all private television and radio stations to refrain from broadcasting speeches made by opposition leaders,<a href="#cite_note-332">[325]</a> a move condemned by politicians from the opposition <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Action_Party_(Malaysia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Action Party (Malaysia)">Democratic Action Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-333">[326]</a> Sabah, where all tabloids but one are independent of government control, has the freest press in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-Mirror-324">[317]</a> Laws such as the <a href="/wiki/Printing_Presses_and_Publications_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Printing Presses and Publications Act">Printing Presses and Publications Act</a> have also been cited as curtailing freedom of expression.<a href="#cite_note-McAdams-334">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holidays_and_festivals">Holidays and festivals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Temple at night illuminated with light from decorations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_%281%29.jpg/220px-Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_%281%29.jpg/330px-Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_%281%29.jpg/440px-Kek_Lok_Si_in_Chinese_New_Year_lighting_2024_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7248" data-file-height="5436" /></a><figcaption>Malaysia's largest <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_temple" title="Buddhist temple">Buddhist temple</a>—<a href="/wiki/Kek_Lok_Si" title="Kek Lok Si">Kek Lok Si</a> in <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>—illuminated in preparation for the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a></figcaption></figure> Malaysians observe a number of holidays and festivities throughout the year. Some are federally gazetted <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Public holidays">public holidays</a> and some are observed by individual states. Other festivals are observed by particular ethnic or religion groups, and the main holiday of each major group has been declared a public holiday. The most observed national holiday is <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Malaysia)" title="Independence Day (Malaysia)">Hari Merdeka</a> (Independence Day) on 31 August, commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Day" title="Malaysia Day">Malaysia Day</a> on 16 September commemorates federation in 1963.<a href="#cite_note-335">[328]</a> Other notable national holidays are <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labour Day</a> (1 May) and the King's birthday (first week of June).<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim holidays">Muslim holidays</a> are prominent as Islam is the state religion; Hari Raya Puasa (also called Hari Raya Aidilfitri, Malay for <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a>), Hari Raya Haji (also called Hari Raya Aidiladha, Malay for <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Maulidur Rasul</a> (birthday of the Prophet), and others being observed.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-172">[165]</a> Malaysian Chinese celebrate festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> and others relating to traditional Chinese beliefs. <a href="/wiki/Wesak" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesak">Wesak</a> Day is observed and celebrated by Buddhists. Hindus in Malaysia celebrate <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a>, the festival of lights,<a href="#cite_note-MSU-336">[329]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Thaipusam" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a> is a religious rite which sees pilgrims from all over the country converge at the <a href="/wiki/Batu_Caves" title="Batu Caves">Batu Caves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[330]</a> Malaysia's Christian community celebrates most of the holidays observed by Christians elsewhere, most notably Christmas and Easter. In addition to this, the Dayak community in Sarawak celebrate a harvest festival known as <a href="/wiki/Gawai_Dayak" title="Gawai Dayak">Gawai</a>,<a href="#cite_note-338">[331]</a> and the Kadazandusun community celebrate <a href="/wiki/Kaamatan" title="Kaamatan">Kaamatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[332]</a> Despite most festivals being identified with a particular ethnic or religious group, celebrations are universal. In a custom known as "open house" Malaysians participate in the celebrations of others, often visiting the houses of those who identify with the festival.<a href="#cite_note-MIDA-234">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport in Malaysia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seni_silat_melayu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A woman and a man in black outfits with red belts practising the martial art of Silat Melayu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seni_silat_melayu.jpg/220px-Seni_silat_melayu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seni_silat_melayu.jpg/330px-Seni_silat_melayu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seni_silat_melayu.jpg/440px-Seni_silat_melayu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Traditional sports, such as the martial art style <a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a>, persist alongside modern sports.</figcaption></figure> Popular sports in Malaysia include <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">bowls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">squash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">horse riding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skate_boarding" class="mw-redirect" title="Skate boarding">skate boarding</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MIDA-234">[227]</a> Football is the most popular sport in Malaysia.<a href="#cite_note-340">[333]</a> Badminton matches also attract thousands of spectators, and since 1948 Malaysia has been one of four countries to hold the <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cup" title="Thomas Cup">Thomas Cup</a>, the world team championship trophy of men's badminton.<a href="#cite_note-341">[334]</a> The Malaysian Lawn Bowls Federation was registered in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-342">[335]</a> Squash was brought to the country by members of the British army, with the first competition being held in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-343">[336]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Squash_Racquets_Association_of_Malaysia" title="Squash Racquets Association of Malaysia">Squash Racquets Association of Malaysia</a> was created on 25 June 1972.<a href="#cite_note-344">[337]</a> The men's <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Malaysia men's national field hockey team">national field hockey team</a> ranked <a href="/wiki/FIH_Men%27s_World_Ranking" title="FIH Men's World Ranking">10th in the world</a> as of June 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaysia&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-345">[338]</a> The 3rd <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Men's FIH Hockey World Cup">Hockey World Cup</a> was hosted at <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Merdeka" title="Stadium Merdeka">Merdeka Stadium</a> in Kuala Lumpur, as well as the 10th cup.<a href="#cite_note-346">[339]</a> The country also has its own <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> track – the <a href="/wiki/Sepang_International_Circuit" title="Sepang International Circuit">Sepang International Circuit</a>, with the first <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Grand_Prix" title="Malaysian Grand Prix">Malaysian Grand Prix</a> held in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-347">[340]</a> Traditional sports include <a href="/wiki/Silat_Melayu" title="Silat Melayu">Silat Melayu</a>, the most common style of martial arts practised by <a href="/wiki/Malays_(ethnic_group)" title="Malays (ethnic group)">ethnic Malays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-348">[341]</a> The Federation of Malaya Olympic Council was formed in 1953, and received recognition by the IOC in 1954. It first participated in the <a href="/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics" title="1956 Summer Olympics">1956 Melbourne Olympic Games</a>. The council was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Council_of_Malaysia" title="Olympic Council of Malaysia">Olympic Council of Malaysia</a> in 1964, and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_at_the_Olympics" title="Malaysia at the Olympics">has participated</a> in all but one Olympic games since its inception. The largest number of athletes ever sent to the Olympics was 57 to the <a href="/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics" title="1972 Summer Olympics">1972 Munich Olympic Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-349">[342]</a> Besides the Olympic Games, Malaysia also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-350">[343]</a> Malaysia has competed at the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> since 1950 as Malaya, and 1966 as Malaysia, and the games were hosted in Kuala Lumpur in 1998.<a href="#cite_note-351">[344]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Malaysia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysia-related_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malaysia-related topics">List of Malaysia-related topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Outline of Malaysia</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Constitutional capital, ceremonial and legislative </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> administrative and judicial </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Section 9 of the <a href="/wiki/National_Language_Act_1963/67" title="National Language Act 1963/67">National Language Act 1963/67</a> states that "The script of the national language shall be the Rumi script: provided that this shall not prohibit the use of the Malay script, more commonly known as the Jawi script, of the national language". </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/National_Language_Act_1963/67" title="National Language Act 1963/67">National Language Act 1963/67</a> states that "Save as provided in this Act and subject to the safeguards contained in Article 152(1) of the Constitution relating to any other language and the language of any other community in Malaysia the national language shall be used for official purposes". </li> <li id="cite_note-Recognized-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Recognized_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recognized_6-1">b</a> See Article 152 of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Constitution_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Constitution of Malaysia">Federal Constitution of Malaysia</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Language_Act_1963/67" title="National Language Act 1963/67">National Language Act 1963/67</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> UK: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/məˈleɪziə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/eb\/En-us-Malaysia.ogg\/En-us-Malaysia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Malaysia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/En-us-Malaysia.ogg/En-us-Malaysia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Malaysia.ogg" title="File:En-us-Malaysia.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">mə-LAY-zee-ə</a>; US: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/məˈleɪʒə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">mə-LAY-zhə</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Malay: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[malɛjsia]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg\/Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg/Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg" title="File:Ms-MY-Malaysia.ogg">ⓘ</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> In English, the official name of the country is simply "Malaysia". In Malay, the name of the country as it appears on some official documents, including the oath of Yang di-Pertuan Agong is Persekutuan Malaysia, meaning "Federation of Malaysia". Despite this, the name Malaysia is mostly used officially, including the Malaysia Agreement 1963 and the Federal Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131022191931/http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/Pages/MsianFlagAndCrest.aspx">"Malaysian Flag and Coat of Arms"</a>. 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Retrieved 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Distribution+and+Basic+Demographic+Characteristic+Report+2020&rft.pub=Department+of+Statistics%2C+Malaysia&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dosm.gov.my%2Fv1%2Findex.php%3Fr%3Dcolumn%2FcthemeByCat%26cat%3D117%26bul_id%3DakliVWdIa2g3Y2VubTVSMkxmYXp1UT09%26menu_id%3DL0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614105535/http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf">"The States, Religion and Law of the Federation"</a> (PDF). Constitution of Malaysia. Judicial Appointments Commission. 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Retrieved 29 October 2017. <q>Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions may be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitution+of+Malaysia&rft.atitle=The+States%2C+Religion+and+Law+of+the+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jac.gov.my%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fakta%2Ffederalconstitution.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackay,_Derek2005" class="citation book cs1">Mackay, Derek (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QM5LImNbYusC&pg=PA240">Eastern Customs: The Customs Service in British Malaya and the Opium Trade</a>. 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(Malaysia)"</a>. www.imf.org. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 16 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240416230123/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=548,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2024+Edition.+%28Malaysia%29&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D548%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2022%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb-gini-19"><a href="#cite_ref-wb-gini_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=MY">"World Bank Open Data"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Bank+Open+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DMY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-20"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2db.com/country/Malaya">"Malaya in World War II"</a>. World War Two Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225184306/https://ww2db.com/country/Malaya">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2022. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-50718-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-50718-0"><bdi>978-1-107-50718-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Global+Economy.+From+1500+to+the+Present.&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-50718-0&rft.au=Baten%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoom2004" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (2004). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic Sites. 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Retrieved 23 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Malaysia+halts+music+festival+after+same-sex+kiss+by+The+1975+singer&rft.date=2023-07-22&rft.au=Heather+Chen&rft.au=Teele+Rebane&rft.au=Lauren+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F07%2F22%2Fasia%2Fmalaysia-1975-same-sex-concert-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ugm.ac.id/en/?q=news/to-reduce-conflicts-indonesia-and-malaysia-should-meet-intensively">"To Reduce Conflicts, Indonesia and Malaysia Should Meet Intensively"</a>. Universitas Gadjah Mada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225091836/http://www.ugm.ac.id/en/?q=news%2Fto-reduce-conflicts-indonesia-and-malaysia-should-meet-intensively">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2010. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=28311&lan=en&sid=1&sp=0&isNew=0">the original</a> on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Malaysia+moving+forward+in+matters+of+Islam+and+women+by+Marina+Mahathir&rft.pub=Common+Ground+News+Service&rft.date=2010-08-17&rft.aulast=Mahathir&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commongroundnews.org%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D28311%26lan%3Den%26sid%3D1%26sp%3D0%26isNew%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=zsm">"Malay, Standard"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 April 2021. <q>Perkara 152 Perlembagaan Persekutuan menjelaskan bahawa bahasa Melayu yang dikenali juga sebagai bahasa Malaysia adalah bahasa rasmi yang tidak boleh dipertikai fungsi dan peranannya sebagai Bahasa Kebangsaan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bahasa+Rasmi&rft.pub=Malaysian+Administrative+Modernisation+and+Management+Planning+Unit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysia.gov.my%2Fportal%2Fcontent%2F30118%3Flanguage%3Dmy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEncik_Md._Asham_bin_Ahmad2007" class="citation web cs1">Encik Md. 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Malay Mail. Kuala Lumpur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180402114111/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/sarawak-makes-english-official-language-along-with-bm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2018. 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Retrieved 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Birth+rate%2C+crude+%28per+1000+people%29+-+Malaysia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.CBRT.IN%3Flocations%3DMY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CDRT.IN?locations=MY">"Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) - Malaysia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220626153007/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CDRT.IN?locations=MY">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2022. 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Retrieved 27 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Formula+One+Grand+Prix+Circuits&rft.pub=All+Formula+One+Info&rft.aulast=Novikov&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allf1.info%2Ftracks%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinahan2012" class="citation book cs1">Minahan, James B. (30 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOQkpcVcd9AC&pg=PT76">Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia</a>. 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The Olympic Council of Malaysia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org.my/web/gamesrecords/olympicg/history.htm">the original</a> on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+Games+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=The+Olympic+Council+of+Malaysia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org.my%2Fweb%2Fgamesrecords%2Folympicg%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-350"><a href="#cite_ref-350">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paralympic.org.my/sports.html#introduction">"Sports"</a>. www.paralympic.org.my.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.paralympic.org.my&rft.atitle=Sports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paralympic.org.my%2Fsports.html%23introduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-351"><a href="#cite_ref-351">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDudley2010" class="citation news cs1">Dudley, Rueben (13 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031191031/http://www.thesundaily.my/node/138479">"Doing Malaysia proud"</a>. The Sun. Kuala Lumpur. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/node/138479">the original</a> on 31 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sun&rft.atitle=Doing+Malaysia+proud&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.aulast=Dudley&rft.aufirst=Rueben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnode%2F138479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101008183946/http://www.cygpune2008.com/history-tradition/history-tradition.php">"Commonwealth Games Federation, History and Tradition of Commonwealth Games, Edinburgh, Bendigo, Pune"</a>. Commonwealth Youth Games 2008. 14 August 2000. 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Malaysia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Malaysia">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" 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decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Malaysia" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Malaysia">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Malaysia" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Malaysia">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Malaysia" class="extiw" title="voy:Malaysia">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Clifford, Hugh Charles (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Malay_Peninsula">"Malay Peninsula" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 471–475.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malay+Peninsula&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=471-475&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Clifford, Hugh Charles (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Malays">"Malays" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 475–478.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malays&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=475-478&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCliffordGraham1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Clifford, Hugh Charles; Graham, Walter Armstrong (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Malay_States_(British)">"Malay States (British)" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 478–484.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malay+States+%28British%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=478-484&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Hugh+Charles&rft.au=Graham%2C+Walter+Armstrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Graham, Walter Armstrong (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Malay_States_(Siamese)">"Malay States (Siamese)" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). p. 484.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Malay+States+%28Siamese%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=484&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Walter+Armstrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMalaysia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123034942/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malaysia.htm">Malaysia</a> from UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15356257">Malaysia profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Template:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malaysia_topics" title="Template talk:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malaysia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malaysia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malaysia" title="History of Malaysia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Malaysian_history" title="Timeline of Malaysian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Malaysia" title="Prehistoric Malaysia">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Dutch Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Malaya" title="British Malaya">British Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Borneo" title="British Borneo">British Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese occupation of Malaya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_British_Borneo" title="Japanese occupation of British Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Malaya" title="Federation of Malaya">Federation of Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agreement" title="Malaysia Agreement">Malaysia Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Malaysia_confrontation" title="Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation">Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Sarawak" title="Communist insurgency in Sarawak">Sarawak communist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_insurgency_in_Malaysia_(1968%E2%80%931989)" title="Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989)">Second Malayan Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_May_incident" title="13 May incident">13 May incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Malaysian_constitutional_crisis" title="1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis">1988 constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis#Malaysia" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">1997 Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1Malaysia_Development_Berhad_scandal" title="1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal">1MDB scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Malaysian_political_crisis" title="2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis">2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Malaysia" title="Template:Borders of Malaysia">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_places_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Populated places in Malaysia">Cities, towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_Malaysia" title="List of districts in Malaysia">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Malaysia" title="Divisions of Malaysia">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Malaysia" title="East Malaysia">East Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Malaysia" title="Environment of Malaysia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Malaysia" title="Climate change in Malaysia">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_in_Malaysia" title="Conservation in Malaysia">conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Malaysia" title="Environmental issues in Malaysia">environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Malaysia" title="Deforestation in Malaysia">deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Malaysia" title="Wildlife of Malaysia">wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_of_Malaysia" title="List of plants of Malaysia">plants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Malaysia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Malaysia">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hill_stations_in_Malaysia" title="List of hill stations in Malaysia">Hill stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Malaysia" title="List of islands of Malaysia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Malaysia" title="List of lakes of Malaysia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Malaysia" title="List of mountains in Malaysia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_in_Malaysia" title="List of national parks in Malaysia">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Peninsular Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Malaysia" title="List of rivers of Malaysia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Malaysia" title="List of earthquakes in Malaysia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Malaysia" title="List of volcanoes in Malaysia">Volcanoes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Malaysia" title="Politics of Malaysia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Cabinet of Malaysia">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Malaysia" title="Shadow Cabinet of Malaysia">Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Malaysia" title="Constitution of Malaysia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Malaysia" title="Elections in Malaysia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Malaysia" title="Foreign relations of Malaysia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Malaysia" title="King of Malaysia">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Malaysia" title="Censorship in Malaysia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Malaysia" title="Judiciary of Malaysia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Malaysia" title="Law of Malaysia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Malaysia" title="Law enforcement in Malaysia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Armed_Forces" title="Malaysian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_of_Malaysia" title="Monarchies of Malaysia">Monarchies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Malaysia" title="Parliament of Malaysia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Malaysia" title="List of political parties in Malaysia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Malaysia" title="Prime Minister of Malaysia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_Malaysia" title="State legislative assemblies of Malaysia">State legislative assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Malaysia" title="Economy of Malaysia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Malaysia" title="Agriculture in Malaysia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Malaysia" title="List of banks in Malaysia">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Malaysia" title="Central Bank of Malaysia">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Malaysia" title="Energy policy of Malaysia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_federal_budget" title="Malaysian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_ringgit" title="Malaysian ringgit">Ringgit (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_by_GDP" title="List of Malaysian states by GDP">States by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_states_and_municipalities_by_exports" title="List of Malaysian states and municipalities by exports">States and municipalities by exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Malaysia" title="Science and technology in Malaysia">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Malaysia" title="Bursa Malaysia">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Malaysia" title="Tourism in Malaysia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Malaysia" title="Transport in Malaysia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Malaysia" title="Trade unions in Malaysia">Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_and_the_World_Bank" title="Malaysia and the World Bank">World Bank Relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Malaysia" title="Category:Society of Malaysia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Malaysia" title="Abortion in Malaysia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Malaysia" title="Crime in Malaysia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Malaysia" title="Corruption in Malaysia">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Malaysia" title="Demographics of Malaysia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Malaysia" title="Education in Malaysia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Malaysia" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Malaysia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Malaysia" title="Health in Malaysia">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Malaysia" title="Healthcare in Malaysia">Healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Human trafficking in Malaysia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Malaysia" title="Income inequality in Malaysia">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Malaysia" title="Languages of Malaysia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Malaysia">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_diaspora" title="Malaysian diaspora">Malaysian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Malaysia" title="Poverty in Malaysia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Malaysia" title="Prostitution in Malaysia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Malaysia" title="Sex trafficking in Malaysia">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Malaysia" title="Squatting in Malaysia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Malaysia" title="Water supply and sanitation in Malaysia">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Malaysia" title="Women in Malaysia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Malaysia" title="Culture of Malaysia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_art" title="Malaysian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Architecture in Malaysia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Malaysia" title="Folklore of Malaysia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_literature" title="Malaysian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Malay ethnic nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malaysia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Malaysia" title="Music of Malaysia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_names" title="Malaysian names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Malaysia" title="Public holidays in Malaysia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Malaysia" title="Sport in Malaysia">Sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayan_tiger" title="Malayan tiger">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negaraku" title="Negaraku">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia" title="Coat of arms of Malaysia">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibiscus rosa-sinensis">Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Rukun Negara</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Malaysia" title="Outline of Malaysia">Index</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Malaysia" title="Bibliography of Malaysia">Bibliography</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malaysia" title="Category:Malaysia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Malaysia" title="Portal:Malaysia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Malaysia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Template talk:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and Federal Territories of Malaysia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_federal_territories_of_Malaysia" title="States and federal territories of Malaysia">States and federal territories of Malaysia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malacca" title="Malacca">Malacca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Perak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perlis" title="Perlis">Perlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terengganu" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Territories_of_Malaysia" title="Federal Territories of Malaysia">Federal Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labuan" title="Labuan">Labuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putrajaya" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_in_Malaysia" title="Singapore in Malaysia">Singapore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchies" title="Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchies" title="Template talk:Monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial,_royal_and_noble_ranks" title="Imperial, royal and noble ranks">Imperial, royal and noble ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_monarchs_of_sovereign_states" title="List of current monarchs of sovereign states">List of current sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign monarchs">List of current non-sovereign monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchy_referendums" title="List of monarchy referendums">List of monarchy referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarchy" title="Diarchy">Diarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elective_monarchy" title="Elective monarchy">Elective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_monarchy" title="Federal monarchy">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_monarchy" title="Hereditary monarchy">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-sovereign_monarchy" title="Non-sovereign monarchy">Non-sovereign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">Personal union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">Regency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdication" title="Abdication">Abdication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Abolition of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(class)" title="Aristocracy (class)">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_monarchy" title="Criticism of monarchy">Criticism of monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_(political)" title="Legitimacy (political)">Legitimacy (political)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_succession" title="Order of succession">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-proclaimed_monarchy" title="Self-proclaimed monarchy">Self-proclaimed monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Titles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhatrapati" title="Chhatrapati">Chhatrapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor" title="Emperor">Emperor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King" title="King">King</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_regnant" title="Queen regnant">Queen regnant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince regnant">Prince regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_(title)" title="Khan (title)">khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsar" title="Tsar">Tsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan" title="Sultan">Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah" title="Shah">Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Africa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Africa" title="Monarchies in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Morocco" title="King of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_constituent_African_monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current constituent African monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Asia" title="Monarchies in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bahrain" title="King of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Bhutan" title="King of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sultans_of_Brunei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sultans of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Cambodia" title="Monarchy of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Jordan" title="List of kings of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_di-Pertuan_Agong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yang di-Pertuan Agong">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Oman" title="List of rulers of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Qatar" title="Emir of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="King of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Thailand" title="Monarchy of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="President of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_non-sovereign_Asian_monarchs" title="List of current non-sovereign Asian monarchs">list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Europe" title="Monarchies in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-Princes_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-Princes of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belgium" title="Monarchy of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Liechtenstein" title="Monarchy of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Luxembourg" title="Monarchy of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Norway" title="Monarchy of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">Vatican City (Holy See)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_Oceania" title="Monarchies in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Tonga" title="List of monarchs of Tonga">Tonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Monarchy in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Niuean_monarchs" title="List of Niuean monarchs">Niue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Monarchy of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Monarchy of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Tuvalu" title="Monarchy of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_monarchy" title="Abolition of monarchy">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamawa_Emirate" title="Adamawa Emirate">Adamawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankole" title="Ankole">Ankole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Aussa" title="Sultanate of Aussa">Aussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barotseland" title="Barotseland">Barotseland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bagirmi" title="Sultanate of Bagirmi">Bagirmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanem%E2%80%93Bornu_Empire" title="Kanem–Bornu Empire">Bornu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Burundi" title="Kingdom of Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Empire" title="Central African Empire">Central Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomey" title="Dahomey">Dahomey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Empire" title="Ghana Empire">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gomma" title="Kingdom of Gomma">Gomma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gumma" title="Kingdom of Gumma">Gumma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaffa" title="Kingdom of Kaffa">Kaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Libya" title="Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luba" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Luba">Luba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merina_Kingdom" title="Merina Kingdom">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali_Empire" title="Mali Empire">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte#History" title="Mayotte">Maore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maravi" title="Maravi">Maravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moh%C3%A9li#History" title="Mohéli">Mwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjouan#Early_and_colonial_history" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Comore#History" title="Grande Comore">Ngazidja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rwanda" title="Kingdom of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shilluk_Kingdom" title="Shilluk Kingdom">Shilluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Refreshment" title="Islands of Refreshment">Islands of Refreshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tunisia" title="Kingdom of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_Empire" title="Wassoulou Empire">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeke_Kingdom" title="Yeke Kingdom">Yeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar" title="Sultanate of Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe" title="Kingdom of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kingdoms_in_pre-colonial_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa">and other</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucanía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Trinidad" title="Principality of Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idrisid_Emirate_of_Asir" title="Idrisid Emirate of Asir">Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bukhara" title="Emirate of Bukhara">Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_dynasty" title="Konbaung dynasty">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebu_(historical_polity)" title="Cebu (historical polity)">Cebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_dynasty" title="Shihab dynasty">Chehab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_China" title="Monarchy of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapitan_Kingdom" title="Dapitan Kingdom">Dapitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qajar_Iran" title="Qajar Iran">Qajar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Jabal_Shammar" title="Emirate of Jabal Shammar">Jabal Shammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiri" title="Kathiri">Kathiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Khiva" title="Khanate of Khiva">Khiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumul_Khanate" title="Kumul Khanate">Kumul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Laos" title="Kingdom of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao" title="Sultanate of Maguindanao">Maguindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahra_Sultanate" title="Mahra Sultanate">Mahra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maldivian_monarchs" title="List of Maldivian monarchs">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogd_Khanate_of_Mongolia" title="Bogd Khanate of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Najran" title="Principality of Najran">Najran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nepal" title="Kingdom of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%27aiti" title="Qu'aiti">Qu'aiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Kingdom" title="Ryukyu Kingdom">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raj_of_Sarawak" title="Raj of Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_States" title="Shan States">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_monarchy" title="Sinhalese monarchy">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sip_Song_Chau_Tai" title="Sip Song Chau Tai">Sip Song Chau Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Kingdom_of_Syria" title="Arab Kingdom of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tungning" title="Kingdom of Tungning">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikdom_of_Upper_Asir" title="Sheikdom of Upper Asir">Upper Asir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Yafa" title="Upper Yafa">Upper Yafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Vietnam" title="List of monarchs of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutawakkilite_Kingdom_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_of_South_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirates of South Arabia">Emirates of South Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia" title="Federation of South Arabia">South Arabia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1928%E2%80%931939)" title="Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bosnia" title="Kingdom of Bosnia">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)" title="Kingdom of Corsica (1736)">Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iceland" title="Kingdom of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland" title="Monarchy of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli-Kakheti" title="Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti">Kartli-Kakheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lithuania_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Majorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Montenegro" title="Kingdom of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Navarre" title="Kingdom of Navarre">Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel#History" title="Canton of Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Piedmont-Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland–Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saxony" title="Kingdom of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Scotland" title="Kingdom of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tavolara" title="Kingdom of Tavolara">Tavolara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Baltic_Duchy" title="United Baltic Duchy">United Baltic Duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Kingdom of Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abemama" title="Abemama">Abemama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora" title="Kingdom of Bora Bora">Bora Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Easter_Island" title="King of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Fiji" title="Kingdom of Fiji">Kingdom of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Kingdom" title="Hawaiian Kingdom">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huahine" title="Huahine">Huahine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangareva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niuē-Fekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Hiva" title="Nuku Hiva">Nuku Hiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Raiatea" title="List of monarchs of Raiatea">Raiatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Iti" title="Rapa Iti">Rapa Iti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rarotonga" title="Kingdom of Rarotonga">Rarotonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimatara" title="Rimatara">Rimatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rurutu" title="Rurutu">Rurutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahuata" title="Tahuata">Tahuata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tahiti" title="Kingdom of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth realms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ceylon_(1948%E2%80%931972)" title="Monarchy of Ceylon (1948–1972)">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Fiji" title="Monarchy of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Gambia" title="Queen of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Ghana" title="Queen of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_princely_states_of_British_India_(alphabetical)" title="List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)">princely states</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> / <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Kenya" title="Queen of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malawi" title="Queen of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Malta" title="Queen of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Mauritius" title="Queen of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Rhodesia" title="Queen of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Queen of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_South_Africa" title="Monarchy of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Tanganyika" title="Queen of Tanganyika">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Uganda" title="Queen of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_in_Southeast_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Template:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Southeast_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of Southeast Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_in_Southeast_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Template talk:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations_(ASEAN)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ASEAN" title="ASEAN">Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Charter" title="ASEAN Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#The_Common_Effective_Preferential_Tariff_(CEPT)_scheme" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">Customs union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Declaration" title="ASEAN Declaration">Founding document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisations_associated_with_the_ASEAN" title="Organisations associated with the ASEAN">Organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary General of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amity_and_Cooperation_in_Southeast_Asia" title="Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia">Treaty of Amity and Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_ASEAN_members" title="Visa policy of ASEAN members">Visa policies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_ASEAN_Way" title="The ASEAN Way">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Song_of_Unity" title="ASEAN Song of Unity">Hymn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Association_of_Southeast_Asian_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_ASEAN" title="Enlargement of ASEAN">Observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_East_Timor_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of East Timor to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Papua_New_Guinea_to_ASEAN" title="Accession of Papua New Guinea to ASEAN">status</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Summit" title="ASEAN Summit">ASEAN Summit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_ASEAN_Summits" title="2017 ASEAN Summits">2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Republic_of_Korea_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Commemorative_Summit" title="ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit">ASEAN–India Commemorative Summit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area#ASEAN_Plus_Three" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Plus Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Regional_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN Regional Forum">ASEAN Regional Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Europe_Meeting" title="Asia–Europe Meeting">Asia–Europe Meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian Games">SEA Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_University_Games" title="ASEAN University Games">University Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_School_Games" title="ASEAN School Games">School Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Para_Games" title="ASEAN Para Games">Para Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Football_Federation" title="ASEAN Football Federation">Football Federation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFF_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="AFF Championship">Football Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Armies_Rifle_Meet" title="ASEAN Armies Rifle Meet">Armies Rifle Meet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Monetary_Unit" title="Asian Monetary Unit">Asian Monetary Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiang_Mai_Initiative" title="Chiang Mai Initiative">Chiang Mai Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93China_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–China Free Trade Area">ASEAN–China Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93India_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN–India Free Trade Area">ASEAN–India Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93Australia_Development_Cooperation_Program" title="ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program">ASEAN–Australia Development Cooperation Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Centre_for_Biodiversity" title="ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity">Centre for Biodiversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Asean_Regional_Forum_Disaster_Relief_Exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="The Asean Regional Forum Disaster Relief Exercise">Disaster Relief Exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Smart_Cities_Network" title="ASEAN Smart Cities Network">Smart Cities Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commissions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Intergovernmental_Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights">Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration" title="ASEAN Human Rights Declaration">ASEAN Human Rights Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Commission_on_the_Promotion_and_Protection_of_the_Rights_of_Women" title="ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women">Rights of Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Common_Time" title="ASEAN Common Time">Common Time</a></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Rise" title="ASEAN Rise">ASEAN Rise</a>'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="ASEAN–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Outstanding_Scientist_and_Technologist_Award" title="ASEAN Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award">Outstanding Scientist and Technologist Award</a></li> <li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Southeast_Asia" title="List of the busiest airports in Southeast Asia">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_banks_in_ASEAN" title="List of largest banks in ASEAN">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_ASEAN_by_population" title="List of cities in ASEAN by population">Cities by population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN countries by GDP">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_HDI" title="List of ASEAN countries by HDI">HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_and_subdivisions_by_minimum_wage" title="List of ASEAN countries and subdivisions by minimum wage">Minimum wage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Southeast_Asian_mountains" title="List of Southeast Asian mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_reviewed_places_in_ASEAN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top reviewed places in ASEAN (page does not exist)">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_countries_by_medal_count_at_International_Science_Olympiad" title="List of ASEAN countries by medal count at International Science Olympiad">Science Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_stock_exchanges_by_market_capitalization" title="List of ASEAN stock exchanges by market capitalization">Stock exchanges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ASEAN_country_subdivisions_by_GDP" title="List of ASEAN country subdivisions by GDP">Subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_ASEAN" title="Rankings of universities in ASEAN">Universities</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" title="Template:East Asia Summit (EAS)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" title="Template talk:East Asia Summit (EAS)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asia Summit (EAS)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia_Summit_(EAS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a> (EAS)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_East_Asia_Summit" title="First East Asia Summit">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_East_Asia_Summit" title="Second East Asia Summit">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_East_Asia_Summit" title="Third East Asia Summit">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fourth East Asia Summit">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fifth East Asia Summit">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Sixth East Asia Summit">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_East_Asia_Summit" title="Seventh East Asia Summit">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eighth East Asia Summit">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Ninth East Asia Summit">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Tenth East Asia Summit">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eleventh East Asia Summit">11th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Twelfth East Asia Summit">12th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Thirteenth East Asia Summit">13th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fourteenth East Asia Summit">14th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Fifteenth East Asia Summit">15th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Sixteenth East Asia Summit">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Seventeenth East Asia Summit">17th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Eighteenth East Asia Summit">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_East_Asia_Summit" title="Nineteenth East Asia Summit">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; padding-left:0.3em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Commonwealth" title="Template talk:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Commonwealth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Commonwealth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> (members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries">Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nations_in_the_Group_of_15_(G-15)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:G-15_nations" title="Template:G-15 nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:G-15_nations" title="Template talk:G-15 nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:G-15_nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:G-15 nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nations_in_the_Group_of_15_(G-15)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Group_of_15" title="Group of 15">Nations in the Group of 15 (G-15)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1st_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1st G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3rd_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3rd G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=4th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=5th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="5th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=6th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=7th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="7th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=8th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="8th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_G-15_summit" title="9th G-15 summit">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=10th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="10th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=11th_G-15_summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="11th G-15 summit (page does not exist)">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_G-15_summit" title="12th G-15 summit">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13th_G-15_summit" title="13th G-15 summit">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_G-15_summit" title="14th G-15 summit">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15th_G-15_summit" title="15th G-15 summit">2012</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation_(APEC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>¹</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Summits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_1989" title="APEC Australia 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Singapore_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Singapore 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Republic_of_Korea_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Republic of Korea 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Thailand_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Thailand 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_United_States_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC United States 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_1994" title="APEC Indonesia 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Japan_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Japan 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_1996" title="APEC Philippines 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Canada_1997" title="APEC Canada 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Malaysia_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Malaysia 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_New_Zealand_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC New Zealand 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APEC_Brunei_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APEC Brunei 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_China_2001" title="APEC China 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Mexico_2002" title="APEC Mexico 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2003" title="APEC Thailand 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Chile_2004" title="APEC Chile 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_South_Korea_2005" title="APEC South Korea 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2006" title="APEC Vietnam 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007" title="APEC Australia 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2008" title="APEC Peru 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Singapore_2009" title="APEC Singapore 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Japan_2010" title="APEC Japan 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_United_States_2011" title="APEC United States 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Russia_2012" title="APEC Russia 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Indonesia_2013" title="APEC Indonesia 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_China_2014" title="APEC China 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Philippines_2015" title="APEC Philippines 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2016" title="APEC Peru 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Vietnam_2017" title="APEC Vietnam 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Papua_New_Guinea_2018" title="APEC Papua New Guinea 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Chile_2019" title="APEC Chile 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Malaysia_2020" title="APEC Malaysia 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_New_Zealand_2021" title="APEC New Zealand 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Thailand_2022" title="APEC Thailand 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_United_States_2023" title="APEC United States 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Peru_2024" title="APEC Peru 2024">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Business_Travel_Card" title="APEC Business Travel Card">APEC Business Travel Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_blue" title="APEC blue">APEC blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Climate_Center" title="APEC Climate Center">APEC Climate Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Sculpture_Garden" title="APEC Sculpture Garden">APEC Sculpture Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APEC_Youth_Science_Festival" title="APEC Youth Science Festival">APEC Youth Science Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1. A <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">special administrative region of China</a>, participates as "Hong Kong, China"</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Non-Aligned_Movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Template talk:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Non-Aligned Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Non-Aligned_Movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#Members,_observers_and_guests" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Members</a> and the NAM</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement">Cyprus</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Egypt and the Non-Aligned Movement">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Ghana and the Non-Aligned Movement">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Malta and the Non-Aligned Movement">Malta</a> ‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Sri Lanka and the Non-Aligned Movement">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Tanzania and the Non-Aligned Movement">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Yugoslavia</a> ‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bureau</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Bureau_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement">Coordinating Bureau of the Non-Aligned Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Centre_for_South-South_Technical_Cooperation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation">Centre for South-South Technical Cooperation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Centre for Science and Technology of the Non-aligned and Other Developing Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement#NAM_Centres" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Center for Human Rights and Cultural Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement_Youth_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Aligned Movement Youth Organization">NAM Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAM_News_Network" title="NAM News Network">NAM News Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_News_Agencies_Pool" title="Non-Aligned News Agencies Pool">News Agencies Pool</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%22Josip_Broz_Tito%22_Art_Gallery_of_the_Nonaligned_Countries" title=""Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries">"Josip Broz Tito" Art Gallery of the Nonaligned Countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence" title="Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence">Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Non-Aligned_Movement_Summits" title="Template:Non-Aligned Movement Summits">Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_Conference" title="Bandung Conference">Bandung Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brioni_Meeting" title="Brioni Meeting">Brioni Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="4th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="5th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="6th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="7th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="8th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="9th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="10th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">10th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">16th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="18th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">18th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19th_Summit_of_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="19th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement">19th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito#Non-Alignment" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno#Figurehead_president" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah" title="Kwame Nkrumah">Kwame Nkrumah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser#Adoption_of_neutralism" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houari_Boumediene#Foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Houari Boumediene">Houari Boumediene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidel_Castro#Foreign_wars_and_NAM_Presidency:_1975–1979" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela#Foreign_affairs" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi#Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Maduro" title="Nicolás Maduro">Nicolás Maduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirimavo_Bandaranaike" title="Sirimavo Bandaranaike">Sirimavo Bandaranaike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>‡ denotes a former member state of the Non-Aligned Movement</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_(OIC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha" title="Hissein Brahim Taha">Hissein Brahim Taha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Member states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_and_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Pakistan and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Pakistan-OIC relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Countries and territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Muslim communities</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front" title="Moro National Liberation Front">Moro National Liberation Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;padding-right:0.75em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">International organizations</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">Economic Cooperation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Declarations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Declarations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)" title="Abuja Declaration (1989)">Abuja Declaration (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11" title="OIC Resolution 10/11">OIC Resolution 10/11</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37" title="OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37">OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sessions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Extraordinary" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extraordinary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Sixth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Arab%E2%80%93Islamic_extraordinary_summit" title="2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit">Arab–Islamic (2023)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)">GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)">GDP per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports">Imports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 As the "Turkish Cypriot State".</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Template talk:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pacific_Islands_Forum_(PIF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="Pacific Islands Forum">Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observer Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">ACP</a> Secretariat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">United Nations Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_and_Central_Pacific_Fisheries_Commission" title="Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission">Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialogue partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development partner</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/45th_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="45th Pacific Islands Forum">45th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Pacific_Islands_Forum" title="51st Pacific Islands Forum">51st</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121775970">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/128419926">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204590/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4037203-0">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022246">United States</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85080109">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945050f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945050f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567491">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35323768">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129933&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452375">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99056428">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03173300?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/6938b9cc-e566-4272-a952-b4dab18b3979">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/911758">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/W4eQuHqP">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027400212">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003420">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10035733">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=61047">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/malezya">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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