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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гісторыя пошты і паштовых марак Ватыкану" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%A1tovn%C3%AD_zn%C3%A1mky_a_historie_po%C5%A1ty_ve_Vatik%C3%A1nu" title="Poštovní známky a historie pošty ve Vatikánu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Poštovní známky a historie pošty ve Vatikánu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_philat%C3%A9lique_et_postale_du_Vatican" title="Histoire philatélique et postale du Vatican – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Histoire philatélique et postale 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selos_e_hist%C3%B3ria_postal_da_Cidade_do_Vaticano" title="Selos e história postal da Cidade do Vaticano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Selos e história postal da Cidade do Vaticano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="История почты и почтовых марок Ватикана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="История почты и почтовых марок Ватикана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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#9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1929VaticanStamp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/1929VaticanStamp.jpg/220px-1929VaticanStamp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/45/1929VaticanStamp.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>1929 Vatican City postage stamp featuring the image of Pope Pius XI</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Vatican post office</b> has operated its own postal service and issued its own <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a> since 1929. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Postal_history" title="Postal history">postal history</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> begins shortly after its official foundation on 11 February 1929. Two days later, the Vatican post office began operating with supplies and equipment donated by the <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> government. Vatican City became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a> on 1 June,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then on 29 July Vatican City and Italy signed a postal agreement, going into effect on 1 August, providing for the routing of its mail through <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_stamps">First stamps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First stamps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first of August also saw the issuance of the first Vatican stamps (Italian stamps were used previously), in the "Conciliation" <a href="/wiki/Definitive_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitive series">definitive series</a> of 15 values. The low values, 5 to 75 centesmi, depicted the <a href="/wiki/Papal_coats_of_arms" title="Papal coats of arms">heraldic arms</a>, while the higher values (80 centesmi to 10 lira) featured a full-face portrait of the reigning <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_issues">Later issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Later issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 April 1933, the Vatican issued its first <a href="/wiki/Semi-postal_stamp" title="Semi-postal stamp">semi-postal stamps</a>, a set of four marking the 24th <a href="/wiki/Holy_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Year">Holy Year</a>. On 31 May of the same year, the "Gardens and Medallions" definitives were issued. While the lowest value still depicted the coat of arms, higher values included views of the gardens and of St Peter's. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StampVatican1939Michel73.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StampVatican1939Michel73.jpg/220px-StampVatican1939Michel73.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/StampVatican1939Michel73.jpg/330px-StampVatican1939Michel73.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/StampVatican1939Michel73.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="299" /></a><figcaption>A Vatican stamp overprinted "SEDE VACANTE / MCMXXXIX" in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>On 18 February 1939, just a little after Pius XI's death on 10 February, the arms stamps of 1929 were <a href="/wiki/Overprint" title="Overprint">overprinted</a> "<a href="/wiki/Sede_vacante" title="Sede vacante">SEDE VACANTE</a> / MCMXXXIX". They remained valid until 3 March, the day after the election of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Today">Today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vatican has acquired a reputation for producing handsome and attractive issues in limited quantities (even today, the average production run for most issues is only between 300,000 and 500,000 stamps). Vatican stamps are produced under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State">Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State</a>. </p><p>Much, but by no means all, of the mail handled by the Vatican is from tourists or official congregations of the Roman <a href="/wiki/Curia" title="Curia">Curia</a>. Many Romans, distrustful of the unreliable Italian post office, make weekly trips to the Vatican just to post their important letters<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="if "many romans" do this it should be at least some kind of reliable source that confirms it (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Italian stamps may not be used on Vatican mail nor vice versa. According to the Universal Postal Union, the Vatican post office is "one of the best postal systems in the world" and "more letters are sent each year, per inhabitant, from the Vatican's 00120 postal code than from anywhere else in the world." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poste_Vaticane" title="Poste Vaticane">Poste Vaticane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Vatican City-related articles">Index of Vatican City-related articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_sources">References and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upu.int/en/the-upu/member-countries/western-europe/vatican.html">"Vatican"</a>. <i>Member countries</i>. <a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Member+countries&rft.atitle=Vatican&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.upu.int%2Fen%2Fthe-upu%2Fmember-countries%2Fwestern-europe%2Fvatican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Vatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiazza" class="citation web cs1">Piazza, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=1&cmd=1&tid=2047308">"Pontificate of Pius XI (1922-1939)"</a>. <i>Arago: People, Postage and The Post</i>. Smithsonian <a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arago%3A+People%2C+Postage+and+The+Post&rft.atitle=Pontificate+of+Pius+XI+%281922-1939%29&rft.aulast=Piazza&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farago.si.edu%2Findex.asp%3Fcon%3D1%26cmd%3D1%26tid%3D2047308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Vatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arago.si.edu/index.asp?con=2&cmd=1&id=194429&img=1&pg=1">"Vatican: 30c Papal Arms single"</a>. <i>Arago: People, Postage and The Post</i>. Smithsonian <a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arago%3A+People%2C+Postage+and+The+Post&rft.atitle=Vatican%3A+30c+Papal+Arms+single&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farago.si.edu%2Findex.asp%3Fcon%3D2%26cmd%3D1%26id%3D194429%26img%3D1%26pg%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APostage+stamps+and+postal+history+of+Vatican+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolaffi_catalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolaffi catalog (page does not exist)">Bolaffi catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_catalog" title="Michel catalog">Michel catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sassone_catalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sassone catalog (page does not exist)">Sassone catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unificato_catalog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unificato catalog (page does not exist)">Unificato catalog</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Antonellis, Albert A. <i>Postal cards and aerogrammes of the Vatican City State, 1929-2007</i>. Waltham, MA.: A.A. Antonellis, 2008 CD-ROM.</li> <li><i>Bolaffi's Roman States and Vatican City specialized stamp catalogue</i>. Turin: S.C.O.T. Editrice, 1958–79.</li> <li><i>I francobolli dello Stato della Citta del Vaticano = Stamps of the Vatican City State</i>. Citta del Vaticano: Governatorato S.C.V. Vol. 1: 1929-1976 (1977); Vol. 2: 1977-1980 (1981); Vol. 3: 1981-1986 (1986)</li> <li>Heutger, Nicolaus C. <i>Vatikanische Briefmarken: Kunst und Geschichte</i>. Göttingen: Philapress, 1966 66p.</li> <li>Kehr, Ernest A. <i>Vatican: the stamps and a description of their design and background prepared especially for stamp collectors</i>. Newark, N.J.: Washington Press, 1956 48p.</li> <li>Kelen, Emery. <i>Stamps tell the story of the Vatican</i>. New York: Meredith Press, 1969 132p.</li> <li>Pirozzi, Greg and James C. Hamilton. <i>Vatican City collecting basics: a comprehensive introduction for collectors</i>. Hanover, MD.: Vatican Philatelic Society, 2014 27p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Vatican_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vaticanstamps.org">Vatican Philatelic Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130105163918/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/vaticanstamps">VatiStamps Yahoo Discussion Group</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Europe" title="Template:Postal history of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Postal_history_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Postal history of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Postal_history_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Postal history of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">Postage stamps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postal_history" title="Postal history">postal history</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">By country or<br />territory</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_%C3%85land" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Albania" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Allenstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Allenstein">Allenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Andorra" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Armenia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Austria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Azerbaijan" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Belarus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Belgium" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bulgaria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Crete" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Croatia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Cyprus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Dalmatia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Denmark" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Eastern_Rumelia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Estonia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Finland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Fiume" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Fiume">Fiume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_France" title="Postage stamps and postal history of France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_the_French_colonies" title="Postage stamps of the French colonies">French colonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Funchal" class="mw-redirect" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Funchal">Funchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Georgia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Germany" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_German_colonies" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the German colonies">German colonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Gibraltar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Great_Britain" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_definitives" title="Country definitives">GB regions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Greece" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Greenland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Guernsey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Heligoland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Heligoland">Heligoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Hungary" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Iceland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Ireland" title="Postage stamps of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Italy" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Jersey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Karelia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kastellorizo" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Latvia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Liechtenstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Lithuania" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Luxembourg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Moldova" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Monaco" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Montenegro" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mount_Athos" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Mount Athos">Mount Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Netherlands" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Northern_Epirus" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_North_Ingria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of North Ingria">North Ingria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_North_Macedonia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Norway" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Turkey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Turkey">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Poland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Portugal" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Portugal">Portugal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Azores" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Azores">Azores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Madeira" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Madeira">Madeira</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Romania" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Russia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Saar" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Saar">Saar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_San_Marino" title="Postage stamps and postal history of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Serbia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Slovakia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Slovenia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Postage stamps of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Spain" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Sweden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Switzerland" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Transnistria" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Turkey" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Tuscany" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Ukraine" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_West_Ukrainian_National_Republic" title="Postage stamps and postal history of West Ukrainian National Republic">West Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Yugoslavia" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_services_abroad" title="List of postal services abroad">Post abroad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austrian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_post_offices_in_Crete" title="Austrian post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_post_offices_in_Liechtenstein" title="Austrian post offices in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Austrian post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_post_offices_abroad" title="List of British post offices abroad">British</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_military_post_offices_in_Africa" title="British military post offices in Africa">Africa (military)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_postal_agencies_in_Eastern_Arabia" title="British postal agencies in Eastern Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_post_offices_in_China" title="British post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_post_offices_in_Crete" title="British post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_post_offices_in_Morocco" title="British post offices in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Bushire_under_British_occupation" title="Postage stamps of Bushire under British occupation">Bushire occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_of_Batum_under_British_occupation" title="Postage stamps of Batum under British occupation">Batum occupation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_abroad" title="French post offices abroad">French</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_China" title="French post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_Crete" title="French post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_Egypt" title="French post offices in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="French post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_post_offices_in_Zanzibar" title="French post offices in Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_abroad" title="German post offices abroad">German</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_China" title="German post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_Morocco" title="German post offices in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="German post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_post_offices_in_Zanzibar" class="mw-redirect" title="German post offices in Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Baden" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Bergedorf" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Bergedorf">Bergedorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Hamburg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Schleswig-Holstein">Holstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_L%C3%BCbeck" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Lübeck">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Mecklenburg" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Mecklenburg">Mecklenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_North_German_Confederation" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Postage stamps and postal history of Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_abroad" title="Russian post offices abroad">Russian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_in_China" title="Russian post offices in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_in_Crete" title="Russian post offices in Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_post_offices_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Russian post offices in the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/13px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/20px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg/27px-Stamp_UK_Penny_Red_pl148.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="534" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philately" title="Portal:Philately">Philately portal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Africa" title="Template:Postal history of Africa">Africa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_the_Americas" title="Template:Postal history of the Americas">Americas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Asia" title="Template:Postal history of Asia">Asia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Postal_history_of_Oceania" title="Template:Postal history of Oceania">Oceania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Philately" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Philately">WikiProject</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vatican_City_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vatican_City_topics" title="Template talk:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican_City_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vatican City topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vatican_City_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#fff200;hlist"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereigns_of_Vatican_City_State" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereigns of Vatican City State">List of sovereigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General for Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#History" title="Vatican City">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_in_the_Vatican" title="Prisoner in the Vatican">Prisoner in the Vatican</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circus_of_Nero" title="Circus of Nero">Circus of Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Old St. Peter's Basilica">Old St. Peter's Basilica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papal_tombs_in_Old_St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica">Papal tombs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonine_City" title="Leonine City">Leonine City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortile_del_Belvedere" title="Cortile del Belvedere">Cortile del Belvedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Ungheresi" title="Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi">Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Nuovo_(Rome)" title="Borgo Nuovo (Rome)">Borgo Nuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgo_Vecchio_(Rome)" title="Borgo Vecchio (Rome)">Borgo Vecchio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Scossacavalli" title="Piazza Scossacavalli">Piazza Scossacavalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Major basilica">Major basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="St._Peter&#039;s_Basilica" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Baldachin" title="St. Peter's Baldachin">St. Peter's Baldachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Necropolis" title="Vatican Necropolis">Vatican Necropolis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_tomb" title="Saint Peter's tomb">Saint Peter's tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extant_papal_tombs" title="List of extant papal tombs">Papal tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Julii" title="Tomb of the Julii">Tomb of the Julii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Grottoes" title="Vatican Grottoes">Vatican Grottoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_to_the_Royal_Stuarts" title="Monument to the Royal Stuarts">Monument to the Royal Stuarts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoris_Mater_Chapel" title="Redemptoris Mater Chapel">Redemptoris Mater Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgia_Apartments" title="Borgia Apartments">Borgia Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_Hall" title="Clementine Hall">Clementine Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_apartments" title="Papal apartments">Papal apartments</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Stufetta_del_cardinal_Bibbiena" title="Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena">Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Paolina" title="Cappella Paolina">Cappella Paolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_Rooms" title="Raphael Rooms">Raphael Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccoline_Chapel" title="Niccoline Chapel">Niccoline Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Sala Regia (Vatican)">Sala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala_Regia_(Vatican)" title="Scala Regia (Vatican)">Scala Regia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">altarpiece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling" title="Sistine Chapel ceiling">ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_of_Tears" title="Room of Tears">Room of Tears</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Historical_Museum" title="Vatican Historical Museum">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinacoteca_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinacoteca Vaticana">Paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_Modern_and_Contemporary_Art,_Vatican_Museums" title="Collection of Modern and Contemporary Art, Vatican Museums">Modern and Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Pio-Clementino_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Pio-Clementino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Chiaramonti_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Chiaramonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Etrusco_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Etrusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums#Gregoriano_Egiziano_Museum" title="Vatican Museums">Gregoriano Egiziano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museo_Pio_Cristiano" title="Museo Pio Cristiano">Pio Cristiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anima_Mundi,_Vatican_City" title="Anima Mundi, Vatican City">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramante_Staircase" title="Bramante Staircase">Bramante Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Gallery_of_Maps" title="Vatican Gallery of Maps">Maps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Tower" title="Gregorian Tower">Gregorian Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casina_Pio_IV" title="Casina Pio IV">Casina Pio IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anna_dei_Palafrenieri" title="Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri">Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Domus Sanctae Marthae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domus_Sanctae_Marthae" title="Domus Sanctae Marthae">Holy Spirit Chapel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_Vatican_City" title="Gardens of Vatican City">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Piet%C3%A0_in_Camposanto_dei_Teutonici" title="Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici">Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Teutonico" title="Collegio Teutonico">Collegio Teutonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Cemetery" title="Teutonic Cemetery">Teutonic Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mater_Ecclesiae_Monastery" title="Mater Ecclesiae Monastery">Mater Ecclesiae Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Egidio_in_Borgo" title="Sant'Egidio in Borgo">Sant'Egidio in Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santi_Martino_e_Sebastiano_degli_Svizzeri" title="Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri">Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_VI_Audience_Hall" title="Paul VI Audience Hall">Paul VI Audience Hall</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Resurrection_(Fazzini)" title="The Resurrection (Fazzini)">The Resurrection</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passetto_di_Borgo" title="Passetto di Borgo">Passetto di Borgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pellegrino_in_Vaticano" title="San Pellegrino in Vaticano">San Pellegrino in Vaticano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Square" title="St. Peter's Square">St. Peter's Square</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_della_Conciliazione" title="Via della Conciliazione">Via della Conciliazione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fountains_of_St._Peter%27s_Square" title="Fountains of St. Peter's Square">Fountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porta_San_Pellegrino" title="Porta San Pellegrino">Porta San Pellegrino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricciolo_d%27Italia" title="Ricciolo d'Italia">Ricciolo d'Italia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Tower_(Vatican_City)" title="Saint John's Tower (Vatican City)">Saint John's Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Stefano_degli_Abissini" title="Santo Stefano degli Abissini">Santo Stefano degli Abissini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Pharmacy" title="Vatican Pharmacy">Vatican Pharmacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Hill" title="Vatican Hill">Vatican Hill</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City" title="Politics of Vatican City">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicar_General_for_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar General for Vatican City">Vicar General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Vatican_City" title="Law of Vatican City">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vatican_City" title="Crime in Vatican City">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Vatican_City_State" title="Fundamental Law of Vatican City State">Fundamental Law</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parolin" title="Pietro Parolin">Pietro Parolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vatican_City#Executive" title="Politics of Vatican City">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Camera" title="Apostolic Camera">Apostolic Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_commission" title="Pontifical commission">Commissions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State" title="Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State">For Vatican City State</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_council" title="Pontifical council">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)" title="Congregation (Roman Curia)">Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Military_in_Vatican_City" title="Military in Vatican City">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Gendarmerie_of_Vatican_City" title="Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City">Corps of Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Corps of Firefighters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Vatican_City" title="Economy of Vatican City">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="Institute for the Works of Religion">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_euro_coins" title="Vatican euro coins">Vatican euro coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Communications" title="Vatican City">Communications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.va" title=".va">.va [Internet domain]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poste_Vaticane" title="Poste Vaticane">Poste Vaticane</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Postage stamps and postal history</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Vatican_City" title="Tourism in Vatican City">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Vatican_City" title="Transport in Vatican City">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_Heliport" title="Vatican City Heliport">Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Railway" title="Vatican Railway">Rail</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Culture" title="Vatican City">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Academy of Sciences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Advanced_Technology_Telescope" title="Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope">AT telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Observatory" title="Vatican Observatory">observatory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Vatican_City" title="Architecture of Vatican City">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_Vatican_City" title="List of archives in Vatican City">Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Apostolic_Archive" title="Vatican Apostolic Archive">Apostolic Archive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Climate_Forest" title="Vatican Climate Forest">Climate Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Demographics" title="Vatican City">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vatican_City" title="Languages of Vatican City">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Film_Library" title="Vatican Film Library">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vatican_City" title="Music of Vatican City">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_Choir" title="Sistine Chapel Choir">Sistine Chapel Choir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philatelic_and_Numismatic_Office_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State">Philatelic and Numismatic Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vatican_City" title="Public holidays in Vatican City">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Media" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#fff200;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Vatican_City" title="Category:Mass media in Vatican City">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Information_Service" title="Vatican Information Service">Vatican Information Service</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican 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