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a:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button){color:var(--global-palette8);}.site-footer .site-top-footer-wrap a:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button):hover{color:var(--global-palette8);}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:30px;grid-column-gap:30px;grid-row-gap:30px;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .widget{margin-bottom:30px;}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .widget-area .widget-title{font-style:normal;color:var(--global-palette8);}.site-top-footer-inner-wrap .site-footer-section:not(:last-child):after{right:calc(-30px / 2);}.site-bottom-footer-wrap .site-footer-row-container-inner{background:var(--global-palette3);font-style:normal;font-size:14px;color:var(--global-palette7);}.site-footer .site-bottom-footer-wrap a:where(:not(.button):not(.wp-block-button__link):not(.wp-element-button)){color:var(--global-palette7);}.site-footer .site-bottom-footer-wrap 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> .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{display:flex;}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:center;}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > *, .kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-image, .kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > figure.wp-block-kadence-image{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image-is-ratio-size{flex-grow:1;}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:var(--global-palette9, #ffffff);}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f{text-align:center;}.kadence-column18750_dbe7c4-7f, 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.kt-inside-inner-col > .kb-image9201_b4d85f-e7 .kb-image-is-ratio-size{align-self:unset;}.kb-image9201_b4d85f-e7 figure{max-width:450px;}.kb-image9201_b4d85f-e7 .image-is-svg, .kb-image9201_b4d85f-e7 .image-is-svg img{width:100%;}.kb-image9201_b4d85f-e7 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;}</style> <style id='kadence_blocks_pro_css-inline-css'>.kt-post-loop18750_b649c9-02 .kadence-post-image{padding-top:0px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:0px;}.kt-post-loop18750_b649c9-02 .kt-feat-image-align-left{grid-template-columns:40% auto;}.kt-post-loop18750_b649c9-02 .kt-post-grid-wrap{gap:10px 30px;}.kt-post-loop18750_b649c9-02 .kt-blocks-post-grid-item{border-top-color:currentColor;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:currentColor;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:currentColor;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:currentColor;border-left-style:solid;overflow:hidden;}.kt-post-loop18750_b649c9-02 .kt-blocks-post-grid-item 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class="content-area"> <div class="content-container site-container"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <div class="content-wrap"> <article id="post-9201" class="entry content-bg single-entry post-9201 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-geology category-volcanoes tag-feature mv-content-wrapper"> <div class="entry-content-wrap"> <header class="entry-header post-title title-align-center title-tablet-align-center title-mobile-align-inherit"> <div class="kadence-breadcrumbs yoast-bc-wrap"><span><span><a href="https://earthhow.com/">Home</a></span> 禄 <span><a href="https://earthhow.com/category/geology/">Geology</a></span> 禄 <span><a href="https://earthhow.com/category/geology/volcanoes/">Volcanoes</a></span> 禄 <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">What is a Shield Volcano?</span></span></div><h1 class="entry-title">What is a Shield Volcano?</h1><div class="entry-meta entry-meta-divider-customicon"></div></header> <div class="entry-content single-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="900" height="527" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-900x527.jpg" alt="Shield Volcano" class="wp-image-9183" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-900x527.jpg 900w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-300x176.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-675x395.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-425x249.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-550x322.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano-850x498.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Shield-Volcano.jpg 1030w" sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px"/></figure> <div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What does a shield volcano look like?</h3> <p>Shield volcanoes are a <a href="https://earthhow.com/types-of-volcanoes/">type of volcano</a> that erupts basalt lava. Because basalt has a low viscosity (more watery), it can flow on the surface better. So when these types of volcanoes erupt, lava flows outwards at <strong>large distances</strong>.</p> <p>For a shield volcano, violent explosions are possible. But they’re more common for <a href="https://earthhow.com/stratovolcano/">stratovolcanoes</a>. Only if water gets into the vent, it’s more likely to become explosive.</p> <p>The conduit is the main pipe from the magma chamber to the summit. If it gets plugged into hardened lava, lava can flow through dykes at the side of the volcano. The dyke is connected to a fissure, which is just a crack in the side of a shield volcano. This creates lava along the side of the volcano.</p> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default"/> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote has-text-align-center is-style-large is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p>“The name “shield volcano” originated from its Roman shield-like shape. They are broad, flat, and can stretch hundreds of kilometers wide.”</p> </blockquote> <hr class="wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-default"/></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What are examples of shield volcanoes?</h3> <p>If you ever go to Hawaii, it’s like a natural laboratory for shield volcanoes. For example, some of the most famous shield volcanoes in the world are:</p> <div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image9201_b4d85f-e7 is-style-default"><figure class="alignright"><img decoding="async" width="550" height="371" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-550x371.jpg" alt="Mauna Loa" class="kb-img wp-image-9246" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-550x371.jpg 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-300x202.jpg 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-675x455.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-425x286.jpg 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-850x573.jpg 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-900x606.jpg 900w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa.jpg 1113w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"/></figure></div><ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Mauna Loa (Hawaii)</li> <li>Kilauea (Hawaii)</li> <li>Fernandina Island (Galapagos Islands)</li> </ul> <p>Fernandina Island is an active shield volcano in the Galapagos Islands. Its most recent eruption is as early as April 2009.</p> <p>Inactive shield volcanoes have depressions because the magma chamber empties. It collapses because there’s not enough support and forms a caldera. Calderas can even have lakes where it caves in like Crater Lake, Oregon.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What are the 4 stages of a volcanic eruption?</h3> <p>Typically, shield volcanoes go through 4 stages:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>PRESHIELD</strong>: First, the shield volcano starts with low volume and infrequent eruptions.</li> <li><strong>SHIELD</strong>: Next, the volcano accumulates 95% of its mass through continuous eruptions.</li> <li><strong>POSTSHIELD</strong>: Then, eruptions become slightly more explosive.</li> <li><strong>REJUVENATION</strong>: Finally, the shield volcano can become active again by erupting small volumes of lava infrequently. If it doesn’t go through this phase, it slowly erodes away over time.</li> </ul> <p>Throughout the whole life of a volcano, erosional forces like water and wind tear apart the volcano.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What is the world’s largest shield volcano?</h3> <p>Hawaiian volcanoes have become a <strong>natural laboratory</strong> for the study of volcanoes. At the forefront of the laboratory are shield volcanoes like “Mauna Loa”.</p> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img decoding="async" width="550" height="221" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-550x221.png" alt="Mauna Loa" class="wp-image-9249" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-550x221.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-300x121.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-675x272.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-425x171.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-850x342.png 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2-900x362.png 900w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Mauna-Loa-2.png 1106w" sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"/></figure></div><p>From the base below sea level to its summit, it’s also the tallest mountain in the world. This is because most of Mauna Loa is <strong>below the ocean surface</strong>. So if you measure it from its base, it’s even taller than Mount Everest.</p> <p>Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world’s largest active shield volcano. It has erupted <strong>33 times since 1832</strong>. Lava from Mauna Loa can reach the sea in less than 24 hours, destroying everything in its path.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What are the types of lava from shield volcanoes?</h3> <p>Generally, the two types of lava that extrude from shield volcanoes are pahoehoe and aa.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li><strong>PAHOEHOE:</strong> Pahoehoe has a ropey texture. It’s like molasses flowing slowly down a hill. Pahoehoe stacks upon each other. The top part is obsidian. It鈥檚 the shiny, volcanic glass that solidifies instantaneously when it comes in contact with air. Inside pahoehoe is rough and blocky because it still contains gas.</li> <li><strong>AA:</strong> Aa is rough, sharp, and angular. They’re like blocks crumbling down. It鈥檚 the same composition as pahoehoe but it鈥檚 lost some of its gases. Pahoehoe can turn into aa with the right amount of gas.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>READ MORE:</em></strong> <a href="https://earthhow.com/parts-of-a-volcano/">13 Parts of a Volcano: The Anatomy of Volcanoes</a></p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What is a Shield Volcano?</h3> <p>The shield volcano is an active volcano with a caldera that tends to erupt basalt lava.</p> <p>The name “shield volcano” originated from its Roman shield-like shape and is often broad and flatter than the other types of volcanoes.</p> <p>We want to hear what you have to say! 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