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It raises questions about the true impact of Pentecostalism on national development and challenges stereotypes of Pentecostals as apolitical by addressing their growing civic engagement and collaboration with wider society. The analysis also highlights trends of generational change within Pentecostal communities and the nuanced dynamics of religious competition and transformation in various contexts throughout Latin America."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Introduction: New ways of being Pentecostal in Latin America","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [7592984]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":55528816,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Introduction: New ways of being Pentecostal in Latin America”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/55528816/mini_magick20190114-27850-7iexbz.png?1547486081" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Introduction: New ways of being Pentecostal in Latin America</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7592984" href="https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/MartinLindhardt"><img alt="Profile image of Martin Lindhardt" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/7592984/18801863/18762213/s65_martin.lindhardt.jpg" />Martin Lindhardt</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">36 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 35658676; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=35658676"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This paper discusses the evolving nature of Pentecostalism in Latin America, focusing on how these religious practices provide communal networks and cultural strategies for individuals facing challenging socio-economic conditions. It raises questions about the true impact of Pentecostalism on national development and challenges stereotypes of Pentecostals as apolitical by addressing their growing civic engagement and collaboration with wider society. The analysis also highlights trends of generational change within Pentecostal communities and the nuanced dynamics of religious competition and transformation in various contexts throughout Latin America.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":55528816,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35658676/Introduction_New_ways_of_being_Pentecostal_in_Latin_America"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":55528816,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35658676/Introduction_New_ways_of_being_Pentecostal_in_Latin_America"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Examining recent developments of Pentecostalism in Latin America along with Latin American scholars, I will discuss, in thematic form, some of the recent developments affecting pentecostal movements in the region from revising its historical origins, celebrating its internal diversity, reconsidering political involvement, reclaiming the crucial role of women's contributions, to developing a social ethics seeking to respond in relevant ways to the social issues confronted by the Latin American population. Though the influence of liberation theology is noticeable, these groups are drawing on the pentecostal experience to reinterpret their relationship with the larger social context and internally. Particular attention is given to the great internal diversity within pentecostal movements in Latin America</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An Emerging Social Ethics The Development of Pentecostalism in Latin America","attachmentId":107778963,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109746432/An_Emerging_Social_Ethics_The_Development_of_Pentecostalism_in_Latin_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109746432/An_Emerging_Social_Ethics_The_Development_of_Pentecostalism_in_Latin_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="83569128" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83569128/Future_Perspectives_for_Latin_American_Pentecostalism">Future Perspectives for Latin American Pentecostalism</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="157792312" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JuanSepulveda116">Juan Sepulveda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Review of Mission, 1998</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The context As the 21st century draws near, Latin America is leaving behind a long period of authoritarian governments and military dictatorships inspired by the ideology of National Security. Beside the peculiar situation of Cuba, formal democracies are more or less firmly established in all Latin American countries. In nations long divided by bloody civil confrontations, hopeful peace processes are now taking place. Some Latin American countries are exhibiting successful macro-economical results. To what extent this new scenario means good news for the majorities of the Latin American people is not easy to say. The other side of the coin is the increasingly deep gap between the many poor and the few rich. While in most Latin American cities the few rich enjoy as many of the benefits of modernity as the most affluent people of the North, misery continues to be the daily bread of the many poor. Traditional bonds of fraternity and solidarity are undermined by the individualistic thrust of the market economy, and problems, both new or old, take their toll of the most vulnerable: drug addiction and trafficking, street children, diseases spread by sexual promiscuity, increasingly violent delinquency, etc. *JUAN SEP~LVEDA is a Pentecostal minister in Santiago, Chile; on the staff of the Evangelical Service for Development (SEPADE), and a lecturer on Missiology and Pentecostalism at the Evangelical Theological Community (CTE).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Future Perspectives for Latin American Pentecostalism","attachmentId":88869870,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83569128/Future_Perspectives_for_Latin_American_Pentecostalism","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83569128/Future_Perspectives_for_Latin_American_Pentecostalism"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="14047527" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14047527/Transitional_Shifts_in_Latin_American_Christianity_Pentecostalism_and_Catholic_Revitalization">Transitional Shifts in Latin American Christianity: Pentecostalism and Catholic Revitalization</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30914064" href="https://fuller.academia.edu/JeremyBone">Jeremy Bone</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Transitional Shifts in Latin American Christianity: Pentecostalism and Catholic Revitalization","attachmentId":38189337,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14047527/Transitional_Shifts_in_Latin_American_Christianity_Pentecostalism_and_Catholic_Revitalization","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14047527/Transitional_Shifts_in_Latin_American_Christianity_Pentecostalism_and_Catholic_Revitalization"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="83560243" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83560243/_Y_los_pentecostales_Presentes_Public_Theological_Contributions_from_Latin_America">¿Y los pentecostales? ¡Presentes!: Public Theological Contributions from Latin America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8844930" href="https://asburyseminary.academia.edu/wilmerestrada">wilmer estrada</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Pentecostal Theology, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper seeks to reiterate the social nature of Pentecostal spirituality. 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A Comparison of the Ecclesial Base Communities and Pentecostalism – A Case Study in Cuernavaca, Mexico. By Philip D. Wingeier-Rayo. Eugene, Oregon, USA, Pickwick Publications 2011. Pp. vii + 163. $20.00</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8278100" href="https://sfseminary.academia.edu/KevinBookSatterlee">Kevin Book-Satterlee</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mission Studies, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Where Are the Poor? A Comparison of the Ecclesial Base Communities and Pentecostalism – A Case Study in Cuernavaca, Mexico. By Philip D. Wingeier-Rayo. Eugene, Oregon, USA, Pickwick Publications 2011. Pp. vii + 163. $20.00","attachmentId":106252308,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/107624237/Where_Are_the_Poor_A_Comparison_of_the_Ecclesial_Base_Communities_and_Pentecostalism_A_Case_Study_in_Cuernavaca_Mexico_By_Philip_D_Wingeier_Rayo_Eugene_Oregon_USA_Pickwick_Publications_2011_Pp_vii_163_20_00","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/107624237/Where_Are_the_Poor_A_Comparison_of_the_Ecclesial_Base_Communities_and_Pentecostalism_A_Case_Study_in_Cuernavaca_Mexico_By_Philip_D_Wingeier_Rayo_Eugene_Oregon_USA_Pickwick_Publications_2011_Pp_vii_163_20_00"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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AMERICA","attachmentId":57606026,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37622224/PENTECOSTALS_SOCIETY_AND_CHRISTIAN_MISSION_IN_LATIN_AMERICA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37622224/PENTECOSTALS_SOCIETY_AND_CHRISTIAN_MISSION_IN_LATIN_AMERICA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="37614030" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" 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It elaborates on spiritual, social and theological topics. The author portrays a panoramic presentation of current trends observed in Pentecostal, Evangelical, and Catholics of the region. This study was done from the inside out--a Latino Pentecostal understanding of the church in the continent of hope.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A CENTURY OF PENTECOSTALISM IN LATIN AMERICA","attachmentId":57596930,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37614030/A_CENTURY_OF_PENTECOSTALISM_IN_LATIN_AMERICA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37614030/A_CENTURY_OF_PENTECOSTALISM_IN_LATIN_AMERICA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="63616145" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63616145/Sergio_Matviuk_Pentecostal_Leadership_Development_and_Church_Growth_in_Latin_America_pp_137_154_">Sergio Matviuk - Pentecostal Leadership Development and Church Growth in Latin America (pp. 137-154)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="67658876" href="https://independent.academia.edu/APTSPress">Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies and APTS Press</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Asian and Journal of Pentecostal Studies and APTS Press, 2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The twentieth century was witness of an important social-religious phenomenon, the growth of Pentecostalism. Even non-Pentecostal authors such as Decker recognize, “no movement has made more of an impact on the church world than Pentecostalism.”1 Even though Pentecostal growth is a global phenomenon, Pentecostalism has particularly impacted Latin America. According to Moreno, “nearly 40 percent of the world’s Pentecostals live in Latin America.” 2 This fact makes Latin American Pentecostalism an excellent case study for probing how Pentecostal beliefs have been integrated with local cultural dimensions to produce a socio-cultural and spiritual phenomenon without precedents.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Sergio Matviuk - Pentecostal Leadership Development and Church Growth in Latin America (pp. 137-154)","attachmentId":75986880,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63616145/Sergio_Matviuk_Pentecostal_Leadership_Development_and_Church_Growth_in_Latin_America_pp_137_154_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63616145/Sergio_Matviuk_Pentecostal_Leadership_Development_and_Church_Growth_in_Latin_America_pp_137_154_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="40376413" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40376413/Pentecostalism_in_Urban_Periphery_in_Latin_America">Pentecostalism in Urban Periphery in Latin America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="19488637" href="https://ufjf-br.academia.edu/PauloBARRERARIVERA">Paulo BARRERA RIVERA</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions , 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The growth of urban peripheries in the main cities of Latin American countries parallels the growth and diversification of Pentecostalism in the region. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, it can be argued that Pentecostalism is part of the urban periphery landscape in this part of the continent. A significant number of members of Pentecostal churches in the peripheries are migrants from inland regions, who have moved from their places of origin to cities in search of better living conditions. Pentecostal religious services play an important role in the experience of migrants settling in the most socially and economically vulnerable peripheral regions.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pentecostalism in Urban Periphery in Latin America","attachmentId":60625435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40376413/Pentecostalism_in_Urban_Periphery_in_Latin_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40376413/Pentecostalism_in_Urban_Periphery_in_Latin_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":55528816,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":55528816,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_55528816" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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