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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Applicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disponibilità" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disponibilità"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disponibilità</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disponibilità-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotopi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotopi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Isotopi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Isotopi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Isotopi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Isotopi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iodio-131" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodio-131"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Iodio-131</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodio-131-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodio-129" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodio-129"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Iodio-129</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodio-129-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodio-123" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodio-123"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Iodio-123</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodio-123-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precauzioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precauzioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Precauzioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precauzioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodio_extra-tiroideo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodio_extra-tiroideo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Iodio extra-tiroideo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodio_extra-tiroideo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significato_evolutivo_dello_iodio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significato_evolutivo_dello_iodio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Significato evolutivo dello iodio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Significato_evolutivo_dello_iodio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Significato evolutivo dello iodio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Significato_evolutivo_dello_iodio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Iodio,_tiroxina_e_apoptosi_negli_anfibi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodio,_tiroxina_e_apoptosi_negli_anfibi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Iodio, tiroxina e apoptosi negli anfibi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodio,_tiroxina_e_apoptosi_negli_anfibi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_carenza_di_iodio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_carenza_di_iodio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>La carenza di iodio</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-La_carenza_di_iodio-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione La carenza di iodio</span> </button> <ul id="toc-La_carenza_di_iodio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carenza_di_iodio_e_rischio_di_cancro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carenza_di_iodio_e_rischio_di_cancro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Carenza di iodio e rischio di cancro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carenza_di_iodio_e_rischio_di_cancro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodocomposti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodocomposti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Iodocomposti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodocomposti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numero_di_iodio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numero_di_iodio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Numero di iodio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numero_di_iodio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iodio_nascente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iodio_nascente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Iodio nascente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iodio_nascente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Iodio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 154 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodium" title="Jodium - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jodium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%AE%E1%8B%B2%E1%8A%95" title="አዮዲን - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዮዲን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडीन - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आयोडीन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodu" title="Yodu - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yodu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yod" title="Yod - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yod" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF" title="یود - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium - balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyodo" title="Iyodo - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Iyodo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4" title="Ёд - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D0%B4" title="Ёд - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडीन - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आयोडीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiodin" title="Aiodin - bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Aiodin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="আয়োডিন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়োডিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9A%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྦ་ཚྭ། - tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྦ་ཚྭ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iode" title="Iode - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iode" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C4%93ng" title="Diēng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Diēng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AF" title="یۆد - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یۆد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodiu" title="Iodiu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Iodiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Fodin" title="Ïodin - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ïodin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yod" title="İyod - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İyod" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%94%DE%AE%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އަޔޮޑިން - divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އަޔޮޑިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Ιώδιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιώδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Iodine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodo" title="Jodo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jodo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jood" title="Jood - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jood" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="ید - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi" title="Jodi - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jodi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iode" title="Iode - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iode" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jood" title="Jood - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jood" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi" title="Jodi - friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Jodi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaid%C3%ADn" title="Iaidín - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iaidín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 - gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aidhodain" title="Aidhodain - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aidhodain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="આયોડિન - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આયોડિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eeadeen" title="Eeadeen - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eeadeen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A9n" title="Tién - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tién" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%93" title="יוד - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडिन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयोडिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Iodine" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B2d" title="Yòd - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Yòd" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jód" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Յոդ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%B0" title="Joð - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Joð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%A6%E7%B4%A0" title="ヨウ素 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨウ素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/zirkliru" title="zirkliru - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="zirkliru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="იოდი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%96y%C9%94d%C9%A9" title="Ɩyɔdɩ - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɩyɔdɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಅಯೊಡಿನ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಯೊಡಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%94%98" title="아이오딘 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이오딘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آیوڈین - kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آیوڈین" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin - cornico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iodin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodum" title="Iodum - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iodum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod - lussemburghese" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="lussemburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayodiini_(Iodine)" title="Ayodiini (Iodine) - ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ayodiini (Iodine)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodium" title="Jodium - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jodium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio - ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Iodio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodie" title="Iodie - ladino" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Iodie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Iodio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99" title="ໄອໂອດິນ - lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄອໂອດິນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodas" title="Jodas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jodas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jods_(elements)" title="Jods (elements) - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jods (elements)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јод - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јод" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="അയോഡിൻ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോഡിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडीन - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आयोडीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Iodin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အိုင်အိုဒင်း - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်အိုဒင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडिन - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आयोडिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodium_(element)" title="Jodium (element) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jodium (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iode" title="Iode - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Iode" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B2de" title="Iòde - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Iòde" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joudu" title="Joudu - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Joudu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="ଆୟୋଡ଼ିନ - odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆୟୋଡ଼ିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - ossetico" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਇਓਡੀਨ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਓਡੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="आयोडिन - pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="आयोडिन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2dio" title="Jòdio - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jòdio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آئیوڈین - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیوڈین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A%D9%88%DA%89%D9%8A%D9%86" title="آيوډين - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آيوډين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yutyu" title="Yutyu - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yutyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodu" title="Iodu - arumeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Iodu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="अयोडिन् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अयोडिन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B2diu" title="Jòdiu - sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Jòdiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodiu" title="Iodiu - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Iodiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Iodine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jód" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آئیوڈین - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آئیوڈین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaydhiin" title="Aaydhiin - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Aaydhiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodi" title="Jodi - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jodi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Јод - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јод" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod - saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodium" title="Yodium - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yodium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodini" title="Iodini - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Iodini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="அயோடின் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அயோடின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="అయోడిన్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అయోడిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="ไอโอดีน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอโอดีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yodo" title="Yodo - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yodo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yot" title="İyot - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Иод - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Иод" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF" title="يود - uiguro" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يود" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="آیوڈین - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آیوڈین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yod" title="Yod - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jod" title="Jod - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Jod" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod" title="Iod - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iod" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Iodo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Йод - kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Йод" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93" title="יאד - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iod%C3%ADn%C3%AC" title="Iodínì - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Iodínì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Ak-sò͘ - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ak-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碘" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkwithi" title="Inkwithi - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inkwithi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1103#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Iodio" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Iodio" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione 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wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Iodio" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Iodio" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&oldid=143123743" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Iodio&id=143123743&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIodio"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIodio"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div 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hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1103" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Iodio_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Iodio (disambigua)">Iodio (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th{border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){padding:.25em .4em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td>hr:only-child{margin:0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico ul{margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata{border-spacing:0;margin:0 -.4em;width:calc(100% + calc(.4em*2))}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child{margin-bottom:-.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" style="width: 300px;"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Iodio</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;">  </td> <td rowspan="3" style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><br />53</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>I</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Berillio" title="Berillio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fluoro" title="Fluoro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; 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left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridio" title="Iridio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Platino" title="Platino"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Tallio" title="Tallio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Astato" title="Astato"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Francio" title="Francio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Radio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Radio (elemento chimico)"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Attinio" title="Attinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nettunio" title="Nettunio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Americio" title="Americio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Curio" title="Curio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Californio" title="Californio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinio" title="Einsteinio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Laurenzio" title="Laurenzio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicio" title="Copernicio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovio" title="Moscovio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e0e0e0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tennesso" title="Tennesso"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #e8ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/Ununennio" title="Ununennio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td> <td style="padding: 0; width: 9px; height: 12px; border: none; background-color: #ffeedd;"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilio" title="Unbinilio"><span style="float: left; width: 9px; height: 12px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;"> </span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Tellurio" title="Tellurio">tellurio</a> ← iodio → <a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno">xeno</a> </p> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Aspetto</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iodinecrystals.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Aspetto dell'elemento"><img alt="Aspetto dell'elemento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/200px-Iodinecrystals.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/300px-Iodinecrystals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Iodinecrystals.JPG/400px-Iodinecrystals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>Aspetto dell'elemento</figcaption></figure>gas: violetto,nero; solido: nero-violaceo, con aspetto lucente, luccicante</div> </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Linea_spettrale" title="Linea spettrale">Linea spettrale</a></b><br /><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iodine_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Linea spettrale dell'elemento"><img alt="Linea spettrale dell'elemento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Iodine_spectrum_visible.png/200px-Iodine_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Iodine_spectrum_visible.png/300px-Iodine_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Iodine_spectrum_visible.png/400px-Iodine_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Linea spettrale dell'elemento</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Generalità</th></tr><tr><th>Nome, simbolo, numero atomico</th><td>iodio, I, 53 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Serie_chimica" title="Serie chimica">Serie</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni">alogeni</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">Gruppo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica">periodo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">blocco</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni">17 (VIIA)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_periodo_5" title="Elementi del periodo 5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elementi_del_blocco_p" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementi del blocco p">p</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">Densità</a></th><td>4 940 kg/m³ </td></tr><tr><th>Configurazione elettronica</th><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elektronskal_53.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Configurazione elettronica"><img alt="Configurazione elettronica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Elektronskal_53.svg/125px-Elektronskal_53.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Elektronskal_53.svg/188px-Elektronskal_53.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Elektronskal_53.svg/250px-Elektronskal_53.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Configurazione elettronica</figcaption></figure> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Termine_spettroscopico" title="Termine spettroscopico">Termine spettroscopico</a></th><td><sup>2</sup>P<sup>o</sup><sub>3/2</sub> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Proprietà atomiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Peso_atomico" class="mw-redirect" title="Peso atomico">Peso atomico</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002126904470000000♠"></span>126,90447 <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_massa_atomica" title="Unità di massa atomica">u</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_atomico" title="Raggio atomico">Raggio atomico</a> (calc.)</th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6990140000000000000♠"></span>140(115) <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">pm</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_covalente" title="Raggio covalente">Raggio covalente</a></th><td>133 pm </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Raggio_di_van_der_Waals" title="Raggio di van der Waals">Raggio di van der Waals</a></th><td>198 pm </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Configurazione_elettronica" title="Configurazione elettronica">Configurazione elettronica</a></th><td>[<a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a>]4d<sup>10</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup> 5p<sup>5</sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">e<sup>−</sup></a> per <a href="/wiki/Livello_energetico" title="Livello energetico">livello energetico</a></th><td>2, 8, 18, 18, 7 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato_di_ossidazione" title="Stato di ossidazione">Stati di ossidazione</a></th><td>±1, 3, 5, 7 (<a href="/wiki/Acido_forte" title="Acido forte">acido forte</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Cristallo" title="Cristallo">Struttura cristallina</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Sistema_ortorombico" title="Sistema ortorombico">ortorombica</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">Stato della materia</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Punto_di_fusione" title="Punto di fusione">Punto di fusione</a></th><td>386,85 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (113,70 <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Punto_di_ebollizione" title="Punto di ebollizione">Punto di ebollizione</a></th><td>457,4 K (184,3 °C) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Volume_molare" title="Volume molare">Volume molare</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6995257199999999999♠"></span>25,72<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_cubo" title="Metro cubo">m³</a></span>/<a href="/wiki/Mole" title="Mole">mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_di_vaporizzazione" title="Entalpia di vaporizzazione">Entalpia di vaporizzazione</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7004207520000000000♠"></span>20,752 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mole" title="Joule per mole">kJ/mol</a></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Calore_di_fusione" class="mw-redirect" title="Calore di fusione">Calore di fusione</a></th><td>7,824 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Altre proprietà</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Numero_CAS" title="Numero CAS">Numero CAS</a></th><td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="https://iw.toolforge.org/magnustools/cas.php?language=it&cas=7553-56-2">7553-56-2</a></span></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Elettronegativit%C3%A0" title="Elettronegatività">Elettronegatività</a></th><td>2,66 (<a href="/wiki/Scala_di_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Scala di Pauling">scala di Pauling</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Calore_specifico" title="Calore specifico">Calore specifico</a></th><td>145 <a href="/wiki/Calore_specifico" title="Calore specifico">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_elettrica" class="mw-redirect" title="Conducibilità elettrica">Conducibilità elettrica</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6992800000000000000♠"></span>8,0<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−8</sup></span>/(m·<a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">Ω</a>) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_termica" title="Conducibilità termica">Conducibilità termica</a></th><td>0,449 <a href="/wiki/Conducibilit%C3%A0_termica#Unità_di_misura" title="Conducibilità termica">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Energia_di_ionizzazione" title="Energia di ionizzazione">Energia di prima ionizzazione</a></th><td>1 008,4 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th>Energia di seconda ionizzazione</th><td>1 845,9 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th>Energia di terza ionizzazione</th><td>3 180 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;">Isotopi più stabili</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><th>iso</th><th>NA</th><th>TD</th><th>DM</th><th>DE</th><th>DP</th></tr> <tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iodio-123" title="Iodio-123"><sup>123</sup>I</a></td><td>sintetico</td> <td>13 ore</td><td><a href="/wiki/Cattura_elettronica" title="Cattura elettronica">ε</a></td><td>0,16</td><td><a href="/wiki/Tellurio" title="Tellurio"><sup>123</sup>Te</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>127</sup>I</td><td><b>100%</b></td> <td colspan="4">I è stabile con 74 <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">neutroni</a></td></tr><tr><td><sup>129</sup>I</td><td>sintetico</td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007157000000000000♠"></span>1,57<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>7</sup></span> anni</td><td><a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">β<sup>−</sup></a></td><td>0,194</td><td><a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno"><sup>129</sup>Xe</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iodio-131" title="Iodio-131"><sup>131</sup>I</a></td><td>sintetico</td> <td>8,02070 giorni</td><td><a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">β<sup>−</sup></a></td><td>0,971</td><td><a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno"><sup>131</sup>Xe</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:khaki;"><small>iso: <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopo</a><br />NA: abbondanza in natura<br />TD: <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">tempo di dimezzamento</a><br />DM: modalità di decadimento<br />DE: energia di decadimento in MeV<br />DP: prodotto del decadimento</small></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lo <b>iodio</b> (o, in forma arcaica, <b>jodio</b>) è l'<a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento chimico</a> di <a href="/wiki/Numero_atomico" title="Numero atomico">numero atomico</a> 53 e il suo simbolo è <b>I</b>. Il nome deriva dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca_antica" title="Lingua greca antica">greco antico</a> <span dir="ltr" lang="grc">ἰοειδής</span>, <i>ioeidēs</i>, che significa <a href="/wiki/Viola_(colore)" title="Viola (colore)">viola</a> o <a href="/wiki/Lilla_(colore)" title="Lilla (colore)">lilla</a>, a causa del colore dei vapori dell'elemento.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fa parte del <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">gruppo</a> degli <a href="/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni">alogeni</a>. Chimicamente lo iodio è il meno reattivo e il meno elettronegativo degli <a href="/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni">alogeni</a> dopo l'<a href="/wiki/Astato" title="Astato">astato</a>. La forma elementare venne scoperta dal chimico francese <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Courtois" title="Bernard Courtois">Bernard Courtois</a> nel 1811. Il nome è stato scelto due anni dopo da <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Gay-Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac</a>. </p><p>Lo iodio si trova in molti stati di <a href="/wiki/Ossidazione" title="Ossidazione">ossidazione</a>, tra cui lo <a href="/wiki/Ioduro" title="Ioduro">ioduro</a> (I<sup>−</sup>), lo <a href="/wiki/Iodato" title="Iodato">iodato</a> (<span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">IO<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">3</span></span></span>), e i vari anioni periodato. È il meno abbondante degli alogeni stabili, posizionandosi come sessantunesimo elemento più abbondante in natura, tuttavia è l'elemento essenziale più pesante. È un elemento che, in tracce, è coinvolto nel metabolismo di molti esseri viventi, compreso l'uomo. Lo iodio si trova negli <a href="/wiki/Ormoni_tiroidei" title="Ormoni tiroidei">ormoni tiroidei</a>. La carenza di iodio colpisce circa due miliardi di persone ed è la principale causa evitabile di disabilità intellettiva. </p><p>I maggiori produttori odierni di iodio sono il <a href="/wiki/Cile" title="Cile">Cile</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone">Giappone</a>. Lo iodio e suoi composti sono usati principalmente nella <a href="/wiki/Nutrizione" title="Nutrizione">nutrizione</a>. Grazie al suo elevato numero atomico e alla facilità di fissaggio a composti organici, trova largo utilizzo in <a href="/wiki/Radiologia" title="Radiologia">radiologia</a> come <a href="/wiki/Mezzo_di_contrasto" title="Mezzo di contrasto">mezzo di contrasto</a> non tossico. Data la specificità del suo assorbimento da parte del corpo umano, gli <a href="/wiki/Isotopi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotopi">isotopi</a> <a href="/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0" title="Radioattività">radioattivi</a> dello iodio possono anche essere utilizzati per trattare i <a href="/wiki/Tumore_della_tiroide" title="Tumore della tiroide">tumori tiroidei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lo iodio viene usato anche come <a href="/wiki/Catalizzatore" title="Catalizzatore">catalizzatore</a> nella produzione industriale di <a href="/wiki/Acido_acetico" title="Acido acetico">acido acetico</a> e di alcuni <a href="/wiki/Polimeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Polimeri">polimeri</a>. </p><p>Lo iodio è un antisettico e può anche essere utilizzato in piccoli dosaggi per purificare l'acqua, anche se la pratica è consigliata solo in caso di emergenza, tenendo conto, inoltre, del cattivo sapore che l'acqua assume a seguito del suo impiego. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo iodio è un <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">solido</a> scuro, violetto-bluastro, con lucentezza quasi metallica che anche a temperatura ambiente <a href="/wiki/Sublimazione" title="Sublimazione">sublima</a> in un <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a> violetto dall'odore irritante. Questo <a href="/wiki/Alogeni" title="Alogeni">alogeno</a> forma composti con numerosi elementi, ma è meno reattivo degli altri alogeni e mostra qualche proprietà semi-metallica. Lo iodio si scioglie facilmente nel <a href="/wiki/Cloroformio" title="Cloroformio">cloroformio</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/Tetracloruro_di_carbonio" title="Tetracloruro di carbonio">tetracloruro di carbonio</a>, nel <a href="/wiki/Solfuro_di_carbonio" title="Solfuro di carbonio">solfuro di carbonio</a> e in generale nei solventi organici non protici formando soluzioni intensamente colorate in violetto. È poco solubile in <a href="/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua">acqua</a>; con i <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">gel</a> acquosi di <a href="/wiki/Amido" title="Amido">amido</a>, la cosiddetta <i><a href="/wiki/Salda_d%27amido" title="Salda d'amido">salda d'amido</a></i>, produce una colorazione blu intensa usata come <a href="/wiki/Indicatore_(chimica)" title="Indicatore (chimica)">indicatore</a> nelle <a href="/wiki/Titolazione_(chimica)" title="Titolazione (chimica)">titolazioni</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ossidoriduzione" title="Ossidoriduzione">ossido-riduzione</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applicazioni">Applicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Applicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Applicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint disclaimer"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/18px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/27px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nuvola_apps_important.svg/36px-Nuvola_apps_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Le informazioni riportate non sono consigli medici e potrebbero non essere accurate. I contenuti hanno solo fine illustrativo e non sostituiscono il parere medico: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disclaimer_medico" title="Wikipedia:Disclaimer medico">leggi le avvertenze</a>.</span></div> </div> <p>Lo iodio, seppur in minime quantità, riveste un ruolo biologico essenziale negli esseri viventi. Gli <a href="/wiki/Ormone" title="Ormone">ormoni</a> prodotti dalla <a href="/wiki/Ghiandola" title="Ghiandola">ghiandola</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroide</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Tiroxina" title="Tiroxina">tiroxina</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Triiodotironina" title="Triiodotironina">triiodotironina</a>, contengono iodio. </p><p>Nelle persone il cui apporto di iodio attraverso la dieta è scarso, spesso remote regioni interne dove il consumo di pesce o altri cibi di origine marina è raro, la scarsità di iodio produce l'insorgenza del <a href="/wiki/Struma_(endocrinologia)" title="Struma (endocrinologia)">gozzo</a>. In molte di queste zone viene fatta prevenzione attraverso la diffusione di sale addizionato di piccole quantità di sali di iodio (il <i>sale iodato</i> e/o <i>sale iodurato</i>). La carenza di iodio è anche tra le cause del <a href="/wiki/Ritardo_mentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritardo mentale">ritardo mentale</a>. </p><p>Tra gli altri usi: </p> <ul><li>La <i><a href="/wiki/Tintura_di_iodio" title="Tintura di iodio">tintura di iodio</a></i> è una soluzione idroalcolica al 3% di <a href="/wiki/Triioduro" title="Triioduro">triioduro</a> <span class="nowrap">(I<sub>2</sub> + I<sup>−</sup> → I<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">3</span></span>)</span> usata come disinfettante per uso esterno e per la disinfezione di acque di superficie (3 gocce per litro, lasciando agire per 30 minuti);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reattivo_di_Lugol" title="Reattivo di Lugol">Reattivo di Lugol</a> (o <i>soluzione di Lugol</i>): soluzione di composizione simile alla tintura di iodio;</li> <li>Lo <a href="/wiki/Iodopovidone" title="Iodopovidone">iodopovidone</a> è un composto di iodio, uno dei migliori disinfettanti oggi disponibili. Sono <a href="/wiki/Sistemi_portatili_per_la_potabilizzazione_dell%27acqua" title="Sistemi portatili per la potabilizzazione dell'acqua">disponibili in commercio</a> composti a base di iodio per <a href="/wiki/Disinfezione_dell%27acqua_potabile" title="Disinfezione dell'acqua potabile">disinfettare l'acqua</a>, anche se ha alcune controindicazioni. Un preparato a base di iodopovidone è previsto dalla legge nella <a href="/wiki/Kit_di_pronto_soccorso" title="Kit di pronto soccorso">cassetta di pronto soccorso</a> nelle aziende e sui luoghi di lavoro.</li> <li>I composti dello iodio sono molto utili nella sintesi di composti organici;</li> <li>Lo <a href="/wiki/Ioduro_di_potassio" title="Ioduro di potassio">ioduro di potassio</a> è impiegato in <a href="/wiki/Fotografia" title="Fotografia">fotografia</a></li> <li>Lo <a href="/wiki/Ioduro_di_potassio" title="Ioduro di potassio">ioduro di potassio</a> è anche usato come profilassi preventiva per le persone esposte alle conseguenze dei disastri nucleari: l'assunzione di ioduro di potassio diminuisce la probabilità che il corpo umano assorba lo iodio radioattivo prodotto dal disastro; durante il <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>, a seguito del <a href="/wiki/Disastro_di_%C4%8Cernobyl%27" title="Disastro di Černobyl'">disastro di Chernobyl</a>, venne distribuito alla popolazione sotto forma di pasticche, al fine di evitare l’assorbimento di iodio <a href="/wiki/Radioattivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioattivo">radioattivo</a> da parte della <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroide</a>, che potrebbe portare alla formazione di <a href="/wiki/Tumori" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumori">tumori</a>;</li> <li>Lo ioduro di <a href="/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno">tungsteno</a> è usato per stabilizzare i filamenti delle <a href="/wiki/Lampadina" title="Lampadina">lampadine</a>;</li> <li>Lo <a href="/wiki/Iodio-123" title="Iodio-123">iodio-123</a> e lo iodio-125, radioattivi gamma emittenti, sono usati come traccianti in medicina.</li> <li>Lo iodio-131 è usato come radioterapico</li> <li>Lo iodio è usato come <a href="/wiki/Mezzo_di_contrasto" title="Mezzo di contrasto">mezzo di contrasto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Radiografia" title="Radiografia">radiografia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tomografia_computerizzata" title="Tomografia computerizzata">tomografia computerizzata</a>.</li> <li>Lo iodio gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel determinare la quantità di ossigeno disciolto nelle acque (<a href="/wiki/Metodo_di_Winkler" title="Metodo di Winkler">metodo di Winkler</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo iodio (dal <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca">greco</a> <i>ioeidēs</i>, violetto) fu scoperto da <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Courtois" title="Bernard Courtois">Bernard Courtois</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a>. Egli era il figlio di un fabbricante di <a href="/wiki/Nitrato_di_potassio" title="Nitrato di potassio">salnitro</a> (nitrato di potassio), un componente essenziale della <a href="/wiki/Polvere_da_sparo" title="Polvere da sparo">polvere da sparo</a>. In quel tempo la <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> era in guerra e c'era una grande domanda di <a href="/wiki/Polvere_da_sparo" title="Polvere da sparo">polvere da sparo</a>: il nitrato di potassio veniva isolato bruciando le <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alghe</a> marine spiaggiate sulle coste della <a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">Normandia</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Bretagna" title="Bretagna">Bretagna</a> e lavando la cenere ottenuta con acqua e il residuo veniva poi distrutto aggiungendo <a href="/wiki/Acido_solforico" title="Acido solforico">acido solforico</a>. </p><p>Un giorno Courtois aggiunse troppo acido solforico e ne scaturì una densa nuvola di vapore violetto: Courtois notò che il vapore cristallizzava sulle superfici fredde formando cristalli scuri. Ebbe da questo il sospetto che si trattasse di un nuovo elemento, ma non disponeva dei mezzi economici necessari per indagare più a fondo sulle sue osservazioni. Diede quindi dei campioni a due suoi amici, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bernard_Desormes" title="Charles Bernard Desormes">Charles Bernard Desormes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1777" title="1777">1777</a>-<a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="Nicolas Clément">Nicolas Clément</a> (<a href="/wiki/1779" title="1779">1779</a>-<a href="/wiki/1841" title="1841">1841</a>) affinché continuassero le ricerche. Diede anche un po' della sostanza a <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac</a> (<a href="/wiki/1778" title="1778">1778</a>–<a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>), un famoso chimico del tempo, e ad <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">André-Marie Ampère</a> (<a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>-<a href="/wiki/1836" title="1836">1836</a>). </p><p>Il 29 novembre <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a> Desormes e Clément resero pubblica la scoperta di Courtois. Essi descrissero la sostanza a un congresso dell'Istituto Imperiale di Francia. Il 6 dicembre <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Gay-Lussac</a> annunciò che la nuova sostanza era o un elemento o un composto dell'<a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a>. Ampère aveva dato alcuni dei suoi campioni a <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> (1778-<a href="/wiki/1829" title="1829">1829</a>), che condusse su questi alcuni esperimenti e ne notò la somiglianza con il <a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">cloro</a>. Davy spedì una lettera datata 10 dicembre alla <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> a <a href="/wiki/Londra" title="Londra">Londra</a>, in cui annunciava di avere identificato un nuovo elemento. Ne scaturì una grossa polemica fra Davy e Gay-Lussac su chi dei due avesse per primo identificato lo iodio, ma alla fine entrambi gli scienziati riconobbero che era stato Bernard Courtois ad avere isolato per primo l'<a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elemento</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disponibilità"><span id="Disponibilit.C3.A0"></span>Disponibilità</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Disponibilità" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Disponibilità"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo iodio può essere preparato in forma ultrapura facendo reagire <a href="/wiki/Ioduro_di_potassio" title="Ioduro di potassio">ioduro di potassio</a> con <a href="/wiki/Solfato_rameico" title="Solfato rameico">solfato rameico</a>. Esistono anche molti altri metodi per isolare questo elemento. </p><p>I composti di iodio più comuni sono gli ioduri di <a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">sodio</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio">potassio</a> (KI), e gli iodati (KIO<sub>3</sub>). </p> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">I maggiori produttori di iodio nel 2019<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Posizione </th> <th>Paese </th> <th>Produzione (tonnellate) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cile (bandiera)"><img alt="Cile (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/20px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/30px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cile" title="Cile">Cile</a></td> <td align="right">20200 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giappone (bandiera)"><img alt="Giappone (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Giappone" title="Giappone">Giappone</a></td> <td align="right">9100 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmenistan (bandiera)"><img alt="Turkmenistan (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></td> <td align="right">600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azerbaigian (bandiera)"><img alt="Azerbaigian (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/20px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Azerbaijan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Azerbaigian" title="Azerbaigian">Azerbaigian</a></td> <td align="right">190 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indonesia (bandiera)"><img alt="Indonesia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td align="right">40 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Russia (bandiera)"><img alt="Russia (bandiera)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td align="right">2 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>NOTA: i dati per gli Stati Uniti non sono stati pubblicati. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopi">Isotopi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Isotopi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Isotopi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Esistono 30 <a href="/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo">isotopi</a> di iodio di cui però soltanto lo <sup>127</sup>I, è <a href="/wiki/Isotopo_stabile" title="Isotopo stabile">stabile</a> e presente in natura con un'abbondanza del 100%. Gli altri, con l'eccezione del <sup>129</sup>I e del <a href="/wiki/Iodio-131" title="Iodio-131"><sup>131</sup>I</a>, sono tutti piuttosto difficili da sintetizzare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodio-131">Iodio-131</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Iodio-131" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Iodio-131"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Iodio-131" title="Iodio-131">Iodio-131</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Radionuclide" title="Radionuclide">radioisotopo</a> artificiale <sup>131</sup>I è un prodotto della fissione di <a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">uranio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">plutonio</a>. Decade in <a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno"><sup>131</sup>Xe</a> con <a href="/wiki/Decadimento_beta" title="Decadimento beta">decadimento beta meno</a>, in cui un neutrone decade in protone, elettrone e antineutrino. L'<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> è di soli 8 giorni, quindi la sua <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">attività</a> è molto elevata, con forte emissione di <a href="/wiki/Particella_%CE%B2" title="Particella β">raggi beta</a>. </p><p>Viene usato in <a href="/wiki/Ipertiroidismo#Terapia_radiometabolica_con_lo_iodio_radioattivo" title="Ipertiroidismo">terapia radiometabolica</a> per la cura del <a href="/wiki/Neoplasia" title="Neoplasia">cancro</a> e di altre patologie della <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ipertiroidismo" title="Ipertiroidismo">ipertiroidismo</a>) e inoltre, in dosi più piccole, per test diagnostici come la <a href="/wiki/Scintigrafia" title="Scintigrafia">scintigrafia</a> tiroidea o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_di_captazione&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Test di captazione (la pagina non esiste)">test di captazione</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodio-129">Iodio-129</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Iodio-129" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Iodio-129"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo <sup>129</sup>I (<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> di 15,7 milioni di anni) è sia un prodotto della <a href="/wiki/Spallazione_nucleare" class="mw-redirect" title="Spallazione nucleare">spallazione nucleare</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Raggi_cosmici" title="Raggi cosmici">raggi cosmici</a> sullo <a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno"><sup>129</sup>Xe</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_terrestre" title="Atmosfera terrestre">atmosfera terrestre</a>, sia il risultato della fissione di <a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">uranio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">plutonio</a>. Lo <sup>129</sup>I è stato usato negli studi sull'acqua piovana successivi all'<a href="/wiki/Disastro_di_%C4%8Cernobyl%27" title="Disastro di Černobyl'">incidente nucleare di Černobyl'</a>, come tracciante per acque sotterranee e come indicatore di dispersione di rifiuti nell'ambiente naturale. Altre applicazioni possono essere inficiate dalla costante produzione di <sup>129</sup>I nella <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfera</a> attraverso una serie di meccanismi di decadimento. </p><p>In molti aspetti <sup>129</sup>I è simile al <a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><sup>36</sup>Cl</a>: è un alogeno solubile, relativamente poco reattivo, esiste principalmente come <a href="/wiki/Anione" title="Anione">anione</a> non adsorbente ed è prodotto da reazioni nucleari cosmiche, termonucleari e <i>in situ</i>. Negli studi idrologici le concentrazioni di <sup>129</sup>I sono spesso espresse in rapporto allo iodio totale che praticamente è tutto <sup>127</sup>I. Come avviene per <sup>36</sup>Cl/Cl, il rapporto <sup>129</sup>I/I in natura è particolarmente piccolo, tra 10<sup>−14</sup> e 10<sup>−10</sup> con un picco a 10<sup>−7</sup> osservato tra gli <a href="/wiki/Anni_1960" title="Anni 1960">anni sessanta</a> e <a href="/wiki/Anni_1970" title="Anni 1970">settanta</a> dovuto ai test delle <a href="/wiki/Arma_nucleare" title="Arma nucleare">armi nucleari</a> delle varie nazioni. <sup>129</sup>I differisce da <sup>36</sup>Cl per una maggiore <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> (15,7 contro 0,3 milioni di anni), tende facilmente ad accumularsi nei tessuti viventi e compare sotto forma di diversi ioni, principalmente lo ioduro e lo iodato, che hanno diverso comportamento chimico. </p><p>Un tenore eccessivamente insolito di <sup>129</sup>Xe nelle <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteoriti</a> è stato dimostrato essere dovuto al decadimento di <sup>129</sup>I, primo radionuclide estinto la cui presenza nel <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solare" title="Sistema solare">sistema solare</a> primordiale è stata così accertata. Il suo decadimento è alla base del sistema di datazione I-Xe, che copre i circa 50 primi milioni di anni di vita del sistema solare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodio-123">Iodio-123</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Iodio-123" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Iodio-123"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Iodio-123" title="Iodio-123">Iodio-123</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Lo <sup>123</sup>I è un isotopo radioattivo utilizzato in <a href="/wiki/Medicina_nucleare" title="Medicina nucleare">medicina nucleare</a> per la marcatura di alcuni <a href="/wiki/Radiofarmaco" title="Radiofarmaco">radiofarmaci</a>. Risulta particolarmente vantaggioso in particolare per la sua <a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">emivita</a> piuttosto bassa (13,2 ore) e per la sua energia di decadimento (<a href="/wiki/Raggi_gamma" title="Raggi gamma">decadimento γ</a> a <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6986254746061432999♠"></span>159 <a href="/wiki/Elettronvolt" title="Elettronvolt">keV</a></span>), che lo rendono piuttosto buono dal punto di vista della <a href="/wiki/Radioprotezione" title="Radioprotezione">radioprotezione</a> del paziente. Inoltre il picco energetico non troppo alto, molto simile a quello del <a href="/wiki/Tecnezio" title="Tecnezio">tecnezio-99 metastabile o <sup>99m</sup>Tc</a> che è l'elemento principe della Medicina Nucleare, rende possibili delle immagini con un buon <a href="/wiki/Rapporto_segnale/rumore" title="Rapporto segnale/rumore">rapporto segnale/rumore</a>. </p><p>Lo svantaggio principale di questo isotopo è l'alto costo dovuto sia alla sua produzione sia alla necessità di trasportarlo velocemente (causa bassa emivita) dal sito di produzione al reparto di utilizzo (spesso deve fare viaggi aerei per raggiungere l'ospedale che l'ha richiesto). La produzione dello iodio-123 avviene in reattori nucleari facendo ricorso alle seguenti reazioni: <sup>121</sup>Sb(α,2n) <sup>123</sup>I, <sup>123</sup>Te(p,n) <sup>123</sup>I, <sup>122</sup>Te(d,n) <sup>123</sup>I e <sup>124</sup>Te(p,2n) <sup>123</sup>I. Può essere utilizzato sotto forma di sodio ioduro nella <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">captazione tiroidea e nell'imaging tiroideo</a>. In altri casi viene legato a radiofarmaci con l'ausilio di <a href="/wiki/Sequestrante" title="Sequestrante">chelanti</a>: si usa nella preparazione di <a href="/w/index.php?title=MIBG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MIBG (la pagina non esiste)">MIBG</a>, di <a href="/wiki/Ioflupane" title="Ioflupane">Datscan</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Iodobenzamide" title="Iodobenzamide">IBZM</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precauzioni">Precauzioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Precauzioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Precauzioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r143074810" /><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Simboli_di_rischio_chimico" title="Simboli di rischio chimico">Simboli di rischio chimico</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="irritante"><img alt="irritante" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="pericoloso per l'ambiente"><img alt="pericoloso per l'ambiente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-pollu.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="tossico a lungo termine"><img alt="tossico a lungo termine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a></span>  <br />attenzione <hr /> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frasi_H" class="mw-redirect" title="Frasi H">frasi H</a></th><td><abbr title="Nocivo se inalato.">332 </abbr>- <abbr title="Nocivo per contatto con la pelle.">312 </abbr>- <abbr title="Molto tossico per gli organismi acquatici.">400 </abbr> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frasi_R" title="Frasi R">frasi R</a></th><td>R 20/21-50 </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Consigli_P" title="Consigli P">consigli P</a></th><td><abbr title="Non disperdere nell'ambiente.">273 </abbr>- <abbr title="In caso di contatto con la pelle: lavare abbondantemente con acqua e sapone.">302+352 </abbr><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Frasi_S" title="Frasi S">frasi S</a></th><td>S 2-23-25-61 </td></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><hr /> <span style="font-size:90%"><b>Le sostanze chimiche<br />vanno manipolate con cautela</b></span> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disclaimer_sul_rischio" title="Wikipedia:Disclaimer sul rischio">Avvertenze</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il contatto diretto di questo elemento con la pelle può causare lesioni, quindi è necessario maneggiarlo con attenzione. I vapori di iodio sono molto irritanti per gli <a href="/wiki/Occhio" title="Occhio">occhi</a> e per le <a href="/wiki/Mucosa" title="Mucosa">mucose</a>; la massima concentrazione ammissibile di vapori di iodio in aria non dovrebbe superare <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994100000000000000♠"></span>1 <a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A0" title="Densità">mg/m³</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Threshold_Limit_Value" title="Threshold Limit Value">TLV-TWA</a>: esposizione di 8 ore al giorno per un totale di 40 ore settimanali). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iodio_extra-tiroideo">Iodio extra-tiroideo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Iodio extra-tiroideo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Iodio extra-tiroideo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequence_of_123-iodide_total_body_human_scintiscans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Sequence_of_123-iodide_total_body_human_scintiscans.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="189" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption>Sequenze di scintigrafie con <a href="/wiki/Iodio-123" title="Iodio-123">iodio-123</a> (da sinistra) rispettivamente dopo 30 minuti e dopo 6, 20 e 48 ore dall'iniezione endovenosa, una notevole e rapida iodo-concentrazione è evidente nel <a href="/wiki/Liquido_cefalorachidiano" title="Liquido cefalorachidiano">liquor</a> periencefalico e cerebro-spinale (a sinistra). Un'alta concentrazione del radio-iodio (in bianco) è evidente in organi extra-tiroidei come nella <a href="/wiki/Barriera_mucosa_gastrica" title="Barriera mucosa gastrica">mucosa gastrica</a> dello stomaco, <a href="/wiki/Epidermide" title="Epidermide">epidermide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiandola_salivare" title="Ghiandola salivare">ghiandole salivari</a> e nella mucosa orale. Nella mucosa gastrica lo iodio-131 (<a href="/wiki/Emivita_(fisica)" title="Emivita (fisica)">tempo di dimezzamento</a> di 8 giorni) persiste nelle <a href="/wiki/Scintigrafia" title="Scintigrafia">scintigrafie</a> per più di 72 ore. Nella <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroide</a>, la iodo-concentrazione è più progressiva, come in un serbatoio (dal 1% – dopo 30 minuti – a solamente il 5,8% – dopo 48 ore – della totale dose iniettata nel corpo). L'altissima concentrazione di ioduro della ghiandola mammaria è evidente solo in gravidanza e allattamento. Notevole escrezione di radio-iodio si osserva nelle urine. (Venturi, 2011)</figcaption></figure> <p>Lo iodio è il più pesante elemento chimico ad avere un ruolo biologico <i>accertato</i> nell'uomo. Tuttavia la quantità totale di iodio (I) nel corpo umano è ancora controversa e, nel 2001, M.T. Hays ha pubblicato su <i>Thyroid</i> che " è sorprendente che il contenuto totale di iodio nel corpo umano rimanga incerto dopo molti anni di interesse per il metabolismo dello iodio. Solo il contenuto dello iodio nella ghiandola tiroidea è stato misurato con precisione mediante scansione fluorescente e la stima di 5-15 mg nella tiroide umana normale è solo ora ben stabilita. Tuttavia metodi simili non sono disponibili per gli altri tessuti e per gli organi extratiroidei. Molti ricercatori hanno riportato diverse quantità di 10-50 mg del contenuto totale di iodio nel corpo umano normale " <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lo iodio pesa per il 65% del peso molecolare della <a href="/wiki/Tiroxina" title="Tiroxina">tiroxina</a> (T<sub>4</sub>) e per il 59% della <a href="/wiki/Triiodotironina" title="Triiodotironina">triiodotironina</a> (T<sub>3</sub>). Solamente <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994499999999999999♠"></span>5-15 <a href="/wiki/Grammo" title="Grammo">mg</a></span> di iodio sono concentrati nella tiroide e nei relativi ormoni, mentre il 70% dello iodio presente nel corpo umano è distribuito in altri tessuti, inclusi <a href="/wiki/Occhio" title="Occhio">occhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiandola_mammaria" title="Ghiandola mammaria">ghiandole mammarie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mucosa" title="Mucosa">mucosa</a> <a href="/wiki/Stomaco" title="Stomaco">gastrica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cervice_uterina" title="Cervice uterina">cervice uterina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghiandola_salivare" title="Ghiandola salivare">ghiandole salivari</a> e pareti delle <a href="/wiki/Arteria" title="Arteria">arterie</a>. Lo iodio entra direttamente nelle cellule di questi tessuti grazie a un simporto con il sodio (NIS).<sup id="cite_ref-Paroder-Belenitsky-2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paroder-Belenitsky-2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significato_evolutivo_dello_iodio">Significato evolutivo dello iodio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Significato evolutivo dello iodio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Significato evolutivo dello iodio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo iodio e la tiroxina sono fondamentali per la regolazione del <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabolismo</a> e della crescita in tutto il regno animale. Negli <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia">anfibi</a>, per esempio, la somministrazione di un agente bloccante l'ormonogenesi tiroidea come il <a href="/wiki/Propiltiouracile" title="Propiltiouracile">propiltiouracile</a> (PTU) può impedire la trasformazione evolutiva del <a href="/wiki/Girino" title="Girino">girino</a> acquatico in rana terrestre adulta; al contrario, somministrando tiroxina o iodio in adeguata quantità si attiverà la metamorfosi. Nella metamorfosi degli anfibi la tiroxina e lo iodio esercitano l'<a href="/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi">apoptosi</a> (morte cellulare programmata) delle cellule delle branchie, della coda e delle pinne dei girini, e questo rappresenta anche un ben studiato modello sperimentale per lo studio dell'apoptosi. Lo iodio ha favorito l'evoluzione delle specie animali terrestri e insieme con gli acidi grassi polinsaturi (<a href="/wiki/Omega-3" title="Omega-3">omega-3</a> e <a href="/wiki/Omega-6" title="Omega-6">omega-6</a>) che sono entrambe reperibili nel <a href="/wiki/Pesce" title="Pesce">pesce</a> e nei cibi di origine marina, combinati insieme in specifici iodolipidi, hanno probabilmente giocato un ruolo cruciale nell'<a href="/wiki/Evoluzione" title="Evoluzione">evoluzione</a> del <a href="/wiki/Encefalo" title="Encefalo">cervello umano</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Iodio e tiroxina stimolano la <a href="/wiki/Metamorfosi_(zoologia)" title="Metamorfosi (zoologia)">metamorfosi</a> che trasforma il <a href="/wiki/Girino" title="Girino">girino</a> da acquatico e vegetariano in rana terrestre adulta e carnivora e pertanto con migliori capacità neurologiche, visuo-spaziali, olfattive e cognitive necessarie per cacciare, come è tipico degli animali predatori. Lo stesso accade nella <a href="/wiki/Neotenia" title="Neotenia">neotenia</a> nel caso della <a href="/wiki/Salamandridae" title="Salamandridae">salamandra</a> che senza un adeguato apporto di iodio non si trasforma in adulto terrestre, ma può ugualmente riprodursi nella piccola forma larvale e acquatica di <a href="/wiki/Ambystoma_mexicanum" title="Ambystoma mexicanum">axolotl</a>. In questo modo l'axolotl è in grado di sopravvivere allo stato larvale in un ambiente povero di sostanze nutritive<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iodio,_tiroxina_e_apoptosi_negli_anfibi"><span id="Iodio.2C_tiroxina_e_apoptosi_negli_anfibi"></span>Iodio, tiroxina e apoptosi negli anfibi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Iodio, tiroxina e apoptosi negli anfibi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Iodio, tiroxina e apoptosi negli anfibi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo iodio e la tiroxina stimolano la spettacolare <a href="/wiki/Apoptosi" title="Apoptosi">apoptosi</a> delle cellule larvali delle branchie, della coda e delle pinne dei girini durante la metamorfosi degli anfibi e inoltre stimolano anche l'evoluzione del loro sistema nervoso trasformando il girino acquatico e vegetariano in rana terrestre e carnivora. Infatti la rana anfibia <i><a href="/wiki/Xenopus_laevis" title="Xenopus laevis">Xenopus laevis</a></i> serve come un modello ideale per lo studio del meccanismo dell'apoptosi.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_carenza_di_iodio">La carenza di iodio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione La carenza di iodio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: La carenza di iodio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Struma_(endocrinologia)" title="Struma (endocrinologia)">Struma (endocrinologia)</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Cretinismo" title="Cretinismo">Cretinismo</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Sale_da_cucina#Sale_iodato" title="Sale da cucina">Sale da cucina § Sale iodato</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La carenza di iodio colpisce circa due miliardi di persone ed è la principale causa evitabile di <a href="/wiki/Disabilit%C3%A0_intellettiva" title="Disabilità intellettiva">disabilità intellettiva</a>. Nelle aree del mondo in cui lo iodio è carente nella dieta il volume della tiroide può aumentare notevolmente, una condizione chiamata <a href="/wiki/Struma_(endocrinologia)" title="Struma (endocrinologia)">gozzo endemico</a>. Le donne in <a href="/wiki/Gravidanza" title="Gravidanza">gravidanza</a> gravemente carenti di iodio partoriscono bambini con deficit di ormone tiroideo (<a href="/wiki/Ipotiroidismo" title="Ipotiroidismo">ipotiroidismo</a> congenito) che si manifesta con ritardi della crescita e dello sviluppo fisici (<a href="/wiki/Nanismo" title="Nanismo">nanismo</a>) e del cervello detta <a href="/wiki/Cretinismo" title="Cretinismo">cretinismo</a> o sindrome da deficit congenito di iodio. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carenza_di_iodio_e_rischio_di_cancro">Carenza di iodio e rischio di cancro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifica la sezione Carenza di iodio e rischio di cancro" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Carenza di iodio e rischio di cancro"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La carenza di iodio può avere i seguenti effetti:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumore_alla_mammella" title="Tumore alla mammella">Cancro della mammella</a><sup id="cite_ref-venturi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venturi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La ghiandola mammaria concentra fortemente e attivamente lo iodio nel latte materno a beneficio del lattante. La donna iodo-carente può sviluppare un <a href="/wiki/Struma_(endocrinologia)" title="Struma (endocrinologia)">gozzo</a> e iperplasia tiroidea in gravidanza e allattamento, ed è più soggetta a patologia mammaria fibrocistica. Studi scientifici condotti su animali dimostrano che la carenza di iodio, sia connessa alla dieta sia farmacologica, può portare ad atipia mammaria e ad aumento del rischio di cancro mammario<sup id="cite_ref-stod1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stod1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Test di laboratorio hanno dimostrato che l'effetto dello iodio nel tumore al seno è in parte dipendente dalla funzione <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroidea</a> e che lo iodio inibisce l'avanzamento del tumore attraverso la modulazione degli ormoni <a href="/wiki/Estrogeno" title="Estrogeno">estrogenici</a>. L'analisi genica di linee cellulari di tumore al seno ormono-sensibile ha mostrato che iodio e composti contenenti iodio alterano l'<a href="/wiki/Espressione_genica" title="Espressione genica">espressione genica</a> e inibiscono la risposta estrogenica attraverso l'<i>up-regulation</i> di proteine coinvolte nel metabolismo degli estrogeni. Non è ancora stata dimostrata da studi clinici la reale utilità della somministrazione di iodio o composti contenenti iodio come terapia aggiuntiva nel trattamento del tumore al seno.<sup id="cite_ref-stod1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stod1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumore_dello_stomaco" title="Tumore dello stomaco">Cancro dello stomaco</a><sup id="cite_ref-stod1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stod1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Alcuni ricercatori hanno trovato una correlazione epidemiologica tra carenza di iodio, gozzo e cancro gastrico<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dopo implementazione della iodo-profilassi è stata riportata una riduzione della mortalità per cancro gastrico<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il meccanismo d'azione proposto per questa azione è dato dall'azione antiossidante dello iodio nella mucosa gastrica, che può detossificare composti tossici come i <a href="/wiki/Radicale_libero#ROS" title="Radicale libero">ROS</a> e il <a href="/wiki/Perossido_di_idrogeno" title="Perossido di idrogeno">perossido di idrogeno</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iodocomposti">Iodocomposti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifica la sezione Iodocomposti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Iodocomposti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Iodolipidi</b>. Gli iodolipidi sono <a href="/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi">lipidi</a> iodati cioè lipidi (spesso acidi grassi polinsaturi) con iodio incorporato che derivano dall'azione di alcuni enzimi come le <a href="/wiki/Perossidasi" title="Perossidasi">perossidasi</a> che agiscono su ioduri e <a href="/wiki/Perossido_di_idrogeno" title="Perossido di idrogeno">perossido di idrogeno</a>. Queste condizioni sono presenti in diversi organi iodocaptanti del corpo animale come la tiroide, le ghiandole mammarie e salivari, la mucosa gastrica, l'ovaio, ecc. Alcuni iodolipidi che comprendono gli iodolattoni e le iodoaldeidi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%91-iodoesadecanale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Α-iodoesadecanale (la pagina non esiste)">α-iodoesadecanale</a>) sono stati recentemente identificati e hanno dimostrato di possedere ancestrali funzioni strutturali, metaboliche e apoptotiche sia nelle vegetali (alghe), sia negli animali, e in particolare nelle cellule umane e neuronali.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numero_di_iodio">Numero di iodio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifica la sezione Numero di iodio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Numero di iodio"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Il <b><a href="/wiki/Numero_di_iodio" title="Numero di iodio">numero di iodio</a></b>, in chimica, è la massa di iodio in grammi che viene consumata da 100 grammi di una sostanza chimica. I numeri di iodio sono spesso usati per determinare la quantità di insaturazione negli acidi grassi. Questa insaturazione è sotto forma di doppi legami, che reagiscono con i composti di iodio. In biologia, gli acidi grassi, omega-6 e gli omega-3: acido docosaesaenoico (DHA) omega-3 (C22: 6n-3) ed EPA, sintetizzarono con lo iodio degli <b>iodo-lipidi</b>, rendendoli così più resistenti alla perossidazione lipidica delle membrane cellulari, durante l'evoluzione della vita, e importanti nel meccanismo di apoptosi, carcinogenesi e malattie degenerative.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iodio_nascente">Iodio nascente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifica la sezione Iodio nascente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Iodio nascente"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Con il termine <b>iodio nascente</b> (I•) si identifica il <a href="/wiki/Radicale_libero" title="Radicale libero">radicale</a> iodio ottenuto mediante la rottura del doppio legame che unisce due atomi di iodio nella forma I<sub>2</sub> </p> <dl><dd><code>I<sub>2</sub> → 2 I•</code></dd></dl> <p>Nella tiroide, lo ione ioduro subisce la seguente reazione da parte dell'enzima <a href="/wiki/Ioduro_perossidasi" title="Ioduro perossidasi">ioduro perossidasi</a>, permettendo così allo iodio di essere incorporato nella <a href="/wiki/Tirosina" title="Tirosina">tirosina</a> a formare MIT (monoiodotirosina) e DIT (diiodotirosina). </p> <dl><dd><code>2 I<sup>−</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sup>+</sup> → 2 I• + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O</code></dd></dl> <p>Lo iodio nascente (I•) non deve essere confuso con il <a href="/wiki/Triioduro" title="Triioduro">triioduro</a> (I<span style="display:-moz-inline-box;-moz-box-orient:vertical;display:inline-block;vertical-align:bottom;min-height:1em;font-size:80%;line-height:1;margin-bottom:-0.1em;overflow:visible;text-align:left"><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;margin-top:-1.1em;line-height:1;background:transparent;overflow:visible">−</span><span style="display:block;min-height:1em;background:transparent;line-height:1;overflow:visible">3</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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Burrow e Ronald Watson (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects</span>, 2009.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Abnet CC, Fan JH, Kamangar F, Sun XD, Taylor PR, Ren JS, Mark SD, Zhao P, Fraumeni JF Jr, Qiao YL, Dawsey SM, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1002/ijc.21993"><span style="font-style:italic;">Self-reported goiter is associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma in a large population-based Chinese cohort</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">International Journal of Cancer</span>, vol. 119, n. 6, 2006, pp. 1508–1510, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fijc.21993">10.1002/ijc.21993</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16642482">16642482</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> R. Behrouzian e N. Aghdami, <span style="font-style:italic;">Urinary iodine/creatinine ratio in patients with stomach cancer in Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">East Mediterr Health J.</span>, vol. 10, n. 6, 2004, pp. 921–924, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16335780">16335780</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Golkowski F, Szybinski Z, Rachtan J, Sokolowski A, Buziak-Bereza M, Trofimiuk M, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Przybylik-Mazurek E, Huszno B., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1007/s00394-007-0657-8"><span style="font-style:italic;">Iodine prophylaxis--the protective factor against stomach cancer in iodine deficient areas</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Eur J Nutr.</span>, vol. 46, n. 5, 2007, p. 251, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00394-007-0657-8">10.1007/s00394-007-0657-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17497074">17497074</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iodine4health.com/special/physiology/compounds/iodolipids.htm"><span style="font-style:italic;">iodine4health.com</span></a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Venturi, Sebastiano, <span style="font-style:italic;">Iodine, PUFAs and Iodolipids in Health and Disease: An Evolutionary Perspective</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Human Evolution</span>, 29 (1-3), 2014, pp. 185–205.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Francesco Borgese, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=9uNyAAAACAAJ"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gli elementi della tavola periodica. Rinvenimento, proprietà, usi. Prontuario chimico, fisico, geologico</span></a>, Roma, CISU, 1993, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7975-077-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7975-077-1">88-7975-077-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTavola_periodica_e_proprietà_degli_elementi" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> R. Barbucci, A. Sabatini e P. Dapporto, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101022060832/http://www.idelsongnocchi.it/online/vmchk/chimica/tavola-periodica-degli-elementi-iupac.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tavola periodica e proprietà degli elementi</span></a>, Firenze, Edizioni V. Morelli, 1998 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.idelsongnocchi.it/online/vmchk/chimica/tavola-periodica-degli-elementi-iupac.html">url originale</abbr> il 22 ottobre 2010)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> P. Pellerin, <span style="font-style:italic;">La tecnique d'autoradiographie anatomique a la temperature de l'azote liquide</span>, Path Biol 232 (9), 1961, pp. 233–252.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Ahn Byeong-Cheol, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/25565/InTech-Physiologic_and_false_positive_pathologic_uptakes_on_radioiodine_whole_body_scan.pdf"><span style="font-style:italic;">Physiologic and False Positive PathologicUptakes on Radioiodine Whole Body Scan</span></a> (<span style="font-weight: bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="documento in formato PDF">PDF</abbr></span>), 2011.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iodio_(uso_medico)" title="Iodio (uso medico)">Iodio (uso medico)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/iodio" class="extiw" title="wikt:iodio">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Iodine"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iodine?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/iodio" class="extiw" title="wikt:iodio">iodio</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Iodine?uselang=it">iodio</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodio&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/iodio"><span style="font-style:italic;">iodio</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1103#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Stefan Schneider e Karl Christe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/iodine"><span style="font-style:italic;">iodine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1103#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/I/index.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Iodio</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">WebElements.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/I.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Iodio</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100703233405/http://prospect.rsc.org/blogs/cw/?p=956"><span style="font-style:italic;">Seaweed use iodine as an antioxidant</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Chemistry World blog</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 maggio 2008</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://prospect.rsc.org/blogs/cw/?p=956">url originale</abbr> il 3 luglio 2010)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-05/uom-ssc050608.php"><span style="font-style:italic;">Stressed seaweed contributes to cloudy coastal skies, study suggests</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">eurekalert.org</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 maggio 2008</small>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Elementi_chimici"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elementi_chimici" title="Template:Elementi chimici"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Discussioni_template:Elementi_chimici" title="Discussioni template:Elementi chimici"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Elementi_chimici&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi">Tavola periodica degli elementi</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox_list navbox_center navbox_odd"><table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0; width:20px"><a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">H</a></td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="width:20px"> </td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD; width:20px"><a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">He</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litio" title="Litio">Li</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Berillio" title="Berillio">Be</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro">B</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Carbonio" title="Carbonio">C</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">N</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">O</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Fluoro" title="Fluoro">F</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Sodio" title="Sodio">Na</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnesio" title="Magnesio">Mg</a></td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Alluminio" title="Alluminio">Al</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Silicio" title="Silicio">Si</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Fosforo" title="Fosforo">P</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Zolfo" title="Zolfo">S</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio">K</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Calcio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Calcio (elemento chimico)">Ca</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scandio" title="Scandio">Sc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Titanio" title="Titanio">Ti</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadio" title="Vanadio">V</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cromo" title="Cromo">Cr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">Fe</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto">Co</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Nichel" title="Nichel">Ni</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rame" title="Rame">Cu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco">Zn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Gallio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Gallio (elemento chimico)">Ga</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Germanio" title="Germanio">Ge</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Arsenico" title="Arsenico">As</a></td> <td style="background-color:#A0DDA0"><a href="/wiki/Selenio" title="Selenio">Se</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo">Br</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidio" title="Rubidio">Rb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Stronzio" title="Stronzio">Sr</a></td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ittrio" title="Ittrio">Y</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Zirconio" title="Zirconio">Zr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Niobio" title="Niobio">Nb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Molibdeno" title="Molibdeno">Mo</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tecnezio" title="Tecnezio">Tc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutenio" title="Rutenio">Ru</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rodio" title="Rodio">Rh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Palladio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Palladio (elemento chimico)">Pd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argento" title="Argento">Ag</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Cadmio" title="Cadmio">Cd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Indio" title="Indio">In</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Stagno_(elemento_chimico)" title="Stagno (elemento chimico)">Sn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Antimonio" title="Antimonio">Sb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Tellurio" title="Tellurio">Te</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Xeno" title="Xeno">Xe</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesio" title="Cesio">Cs</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Bario" title="Bario">Ba</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantanio" title="Lantanio">La</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio">Ce</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimio" title="Praseodimio">Pr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodimio" title="Neodimio">Nd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Promezio" title="Promezio">Pm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samario" title="Samario">Sm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europio" title="Europio">Eu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinio" title="Gadolinio">Gd</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbio" title="Terbio">Tb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Disprosio" title="Disprosio">Dy</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Olmio" title="Olmio">Ho</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbio" title="Erbio">Er</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Tulio" title="Tulio">Tm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Itterbio" title="Itterbio">Yb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutezio" title="Lutezio">Lu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Afnio" title="Afnio">Hf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tantalio" title="Tantalio">Ta</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Tungsteno" title="Tungsteno">W</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Renio" title="Renio">Re</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Osmio" title="Osmio">Os</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Iridio" title="Iridio">Ir</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Platino" title="Platino">Pt</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Oro" title="Oro">Au</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Mercurio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Mercurio (elemento chimico)">Hg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Tallio" title="Tallio">Tl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Piombo" title="Piombo">Pb</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto">Bi</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCC99"><a href="/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio">Po</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Astato" title="Astato">At</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francio" title="Francio">Fr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radio_(elemento_chimico)" title="Radio (elemento chimico)">Ra</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Attinio" title="Attinio">Ac</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Torio" title="Torio">Th</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio">Pa</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Uranio" title="Uranio">U</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nettunio" title="Nettunio">Np</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Plutonio" title="Plutonio">Pu</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Americio" title="Americio">Am</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Curio" title="Curio">Cm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Berkelio" title="Berkelio">Bk</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Californio" title="Californio">Cf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinio" title="Einsteinio">Es</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Fermio" title="Fermio">Fm</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevio" title="Mendelevio">Md</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Nobelio" title="Nobelio">No</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FF99CC"><a href="/wiki/Laurenzio" title="Laurenzio">Lr</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordio" title="Rutherfordio">Rf</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnio" title="Dubnio">Db</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgio" title="Seaborgio">Sg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrio" title="Bohrio">Bh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hassio" title="Hassio">Hs</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerio" title="Meitnerio">Mt</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtio" title="Darmstadtio">Ds</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenio" title="Roentgenio">Rg</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFC0C0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicio" title="Copernicio">Cn</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Nihonio" title="Nihonio">Nh</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Flerovio" title="Flerovio">Fl</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Moscovio" title="Moscovio">Mc</a></td> <td style="background-color:#CCCCCC"><a href="/wiki/Livermorio" title="Livermorio">Lv</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDD00"><a href="/wiki/Tennesso" title="Tennesso">Ts</a></td> <td style="background-color:#C0DDDD"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Ununennio" title="Ununennio">Uue</a></td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Unbinilio" title="Unbinilio">Ubn</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Unbibidi" title="Unbibidi">Unbibidi</a><table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC; width:20px">Ubu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubh</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubs</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ubo</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ube</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Utp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uth</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uts</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uto</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Superattinidi" title="Superattinidi">Superattinidi</a><table style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Ute</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqt</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqq</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqp</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqh</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqs</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqo</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Uqe</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upn</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upu</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upb</td> <td style="background-color:#FF61CC">Upt</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> Suddivisioni della tavola periodica: <a href="/wiki/Gruppo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Gruppo della tavola periodica">Gruppi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Periodo_della_tavola_periodica" title="Periodo della tavola periodica">Periodi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Blocco_della_tavola_periodica" title="Blocco della tavola periodica">Blocchi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metallo" title="Metallo">Metalli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metalloide" title="Metalloide">Metalloidi</a> (semimetalli)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Non_metallo" title="Non metallo">Non metalli</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">Lantanoidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Attinoidi" title="Attinoidi">Attinoidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superattinidi" title="Superattinidi">Superattinidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Unbibidi" title="Unbibidi">Unbibidi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Elementi_transuranici" title="Elementi transuranici">Elementi transuranici</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85067769">sh85067769</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4162271-6">4162271-6</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Spagna" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Spagna">BNE</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="spagnolo">ES</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX529206">XX529206</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX529206">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966629x">cb11966629x</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11966629x">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007558171005171">987007558171005171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574371">00574371</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-grow: 1"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os 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portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia</div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iodio&oldid=143123743">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iodio&oldid=143123743</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Iodio" title="Categoria:Iodio">Iodio</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a 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