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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title">Miura 5</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n,_Miura_5,_Huelva,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2019_06.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_06.png/220px-Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_06.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_06.png/330px-Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_06.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_06.png/440px-Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_06.png 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A reuse test small-scale first stage of Miura 5 in <a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Function</th><td class="infobox-data">partially <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Reusable launch system">reusable</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/PLD_Space" title="PLD Space">PLD Space</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Spain</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Size</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">35.7 m (117 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">2.0 m (6 ft 7 in)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>68,742 kg</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stages</th><td class="infobox-data">2–3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Capacity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a> (LEO)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,080 kg (2,380 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Sun-synchronous_orbit" title="Sun-synchronous orbit">SSO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">540 kg (1,190 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Associated rockets</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Comparable</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orbex#Prime" title="Orbex">Prime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electron_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron (rocket)">Electron</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Launch history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Under development</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/El_Hierro_Launch_Centre" title="El Hierro Launch Centre">El Hierro Launch Centre</a> (proposed)<br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> (planned)<br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> (proposed)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">Q1 2026 (planned)<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20231020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20231020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">First stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">26.3 m (86 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">2.0 m (6 ft 7 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">5 <a href="/wiki/TEPREL" title="TEPREL">TEPREL</a>-C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">950 kN (210,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">182 s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a> / <a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Second stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">12.1 m (40 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/TEPREL" title="TEPREL">TEPREL</a>-C vacuum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">50 kN (11,000 lb<sub>f</sub>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">420 s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">LOX</a> / <a href="/wiki/RP-1" title="RP-1">RP-1</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Kick stage (optional)</th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96476031" class="extiw" title="d:Q96476031">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Miura 5</b> is a two-stage European orbital <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Reusable launch system">recoverable launch vehicle</a> currently under development by the Spanish company <a href="/wiki/PLD_Space" title="PLD Space">PLD Space</a>. In a standard two-stage configuration, it will have a length of 34 m, be capable of inserting 1000 kg of payload into a <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> (LEO), featuring an optional kick stage that can circularize the orbits of satellites.<sup id="cite_ref-double_2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-double_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Development of the Miura 5 has been sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) via the agency's <a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">Future Launchers Preparatory Programme</a> (FLPP); additional support has come from the French space agency <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a> and the Spanish agency <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Aerospace_Technology" title="National Institute for Aerospace Technology">National Institute for Aerospace Technology</a> (INTA). Work commenced during the mid-2010s under the name <i>Arion 2</i>, the present name was adopted following a redesign that doubled the lift capacity of the launcher during 2018. On 11 April 2019, PLD Space carried out a successful drop and recovery test of the first stage of a Miura 5 demonstrator. As of December 2023, the first test flight of Miura 5 is expected to take place sometime in early 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20231020_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20231020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n,_Miura_5,_Huelva,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2019_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_03.jpg/220px-Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_03.jpg/330px-Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_03.jpg/440px-Prueba_de_reutilizaci%C3%B3n%2C_Miura_5%2C_Huelva%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2019_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Downscale testing vehicle used during drop test in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>The Miura 5 has been designed to reuse the majority of the technology developed for the preceding <a href="/wiki/Miura_1" title="Miura 1">Miura 1</a>. However, many of these technologies will be refined substantially to incorporate lessons learnt with the earlier rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-atalayar_Oct2023_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atalayar_Oct2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New design elements include the propellant tanks and engine; it remains a liquid fuel rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many elements of the Miura 5, including the propulsion system, structures, and avionics development, will be designed and produced in-house.<sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Miura 5 is to be propelled by a single <a href="/wiki/TEPREL#TEPREL-C" title="TEPREL">TEPREL-C</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbopump" title="Turbopump">turbopump</a> engine, unlike its predecessor, which used a <a href="/wiki/Pressure-fed_engine" title="Pressure-fed engine">pressurized tank cycle</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-miura1-payloadusersguide_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-miura1-payloadusersguide-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A key feature of the Miura 5 is its reusable first stage. The recovery process shall employ a combination of engine thrust and <a href="/wiki/Parachute" title="Parachute">parachutes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_Caleb_June_2018_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN_Caleb_June_2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While furnished with a larger parachute arrangement to account for the larger scale of the Miura 5, the various subsystems controlling the recovery are identical those used on the Miura 1.<sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The launcher's reuse capabilities have reportedly been scaled as to permit each rocket to be launched a maximum of three times.<sup id="cite_ref-esapres_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esapres-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Miura 5 was originally envisioned to have a lift capacity of 150 kilograms; in comparison to <a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a>’s smallest launcher, it was to be capable of carrying roughly one-tenth of the payload.<sup id="cite_ref-SN_Caleb_June_2018_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN_Caleb_June_2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is specifically intended for the launching of <a href="/wiki/Small_satellite" title="Small satellite">small satellites</a> into <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> (LEO).<sup id="cite_ref-SN_Caleb_June_2018_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SN_Caleb_June_2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, mid-way through the design process, the Miura 5's lift capacity was doubled in response to formal recommendations produced by the ESA in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-double_2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-double_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It will be typically operated as a two stage launcher, although provisions will be made for individual rockets to be expandable to three stages when a greater lift capacity or altitude is required.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LPSR_Program">LPSR Program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: LPSR Program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During October 2016, the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) announced the selection of the Spanish aerospace start-up <a href="/wiki/PLD_Space" title="PLD Space">PLD Space</a> as the main contractor of the LPSR ("Liquid Propulsion Stage Recovery") program, one part of the agency's <a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">Future Launchers Preparatory Programme</a> (FLPP).<sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was allocated an initial contribution of €750,000 towards the early development of a reusable first stage of a future space launch system; the long-term objective is to provide the reusable first stage for what later became the Miura 5. Various options for recovery were examined, primarily involving the use of <a href="/wiki/Parachute" title="Parachute">parachutes</a>; other methods, such as the use of controlled <a href="/wiki/Paraglider" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraglider">paragliders</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ballute" title="Ballute">ballutes</a>, were also explored at this stage. Some early testing of the system was performed using the smaller <a href="/wiki/Miura_1" title="Miura 1">Miura 1</a> rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on in its development, the launch vehicle was referred to as <i>Arion 2</i>; however, following the completion of a ten-month review conducted by the ESA and the decision to redesign the launcher to facilitate launches up to 300 kilograms to a 500-kilometer orbit, it was decided to adopt the name <i>Miura 5</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-double_2018_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-double_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rename_Nov_2018_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rename_Nov_2018-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Test_flights_and_partnerships">Test flights and partnerships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Test flights and partnerships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 11 April 2019, with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Army" title="Spanish Army">Spanish Army</a>, PLD Space performed a successful drop and recovery test of the first stage of a Miura 5 demonstrator at <a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo Test Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This demonstration stage, which had a reduced 1.5 m diameter instead of 1.8 m, was dropped by a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">Boeing CH-47 Chinook</a> helicopter from a height of 5 km. It slowed its rate of descent using a total of three parachutes before performing a water landing, at which point it had been descending at a rate of roughly ten meters per second. The demonstrator was recovered by divers and brought back to <a href="/wiki/Mazag%C3%B3n" title="Mazagón">Mazagón</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">tugboat</a> to be thoroughly examined.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During July 2019, it was announced that PLD Space had reached an agreement with the French space agency <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a> to study the launch of Miura 5 at the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> (CSG) in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under a separate arrangement, the Spanish agency <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Aerospace_Technology" title="National Institute for Aerospace Technology">National Institute for Aerospace Technology</a> (INTA) has also worked with PLD Space in securing a launch site at the <a href="/wiki/El_Hierro_Launch_Centre" title="El Hierro Launch Centre">El Hierro Launch Centre</a>, which has been claimed by the company to be the optimal choice from a technical perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PLD Space has also publicly commented on the possibility of conducting launches from the planned <a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">spaceport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, but the status of this proposal is presently uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Company officials have estimated that the construction of a suitable ground facilities for launching will cost roughly €15 million.<sup id="cite_ref-surinenglish_oct2023_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surinenglish_oct2023-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 2021, in light of the successful drop testing of the first stage, the ESA awarded a new contract to PD Space to continue with development of the Miura 5.<sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During mid 2023, an agreement was signed with CNES for the future maiden launch of the Miura 5 to be conducted at Guiana.<sup id="cite_ref-surinenglish_oct2023_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-surinenglish_oct2023-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atalayar_Oct2023_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atalayar_Oct2023-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch_schedule">Launch schedule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Launch schedule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of December 2023, the first test flight of Miura 5 is expected to take place sometime in early 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20231020_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20231020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial model, which is planned to be used for the first two flights, will be entirely expendable. It will be superseded by an improved model of the Miura 5 that uses the recoverable first stage, which is intended to perform the planned commercial launches.<sup id="cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miura_1" title="Miura 1">Miura 1</a> – Suborbital recoverable launch vehicle of the Spanish company PLD Space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_Next" title="Miura Next">Miura Next</a> – European orbital recoverable rocket of the company PLD Space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLD_Space" title="PLD Space">PLD Space</a> – Private Spanish launch services provider</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="List of orbital launch systems">List of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_2_Infinity" title="Zero 2 Infinity">Zero 2 Infinity</a> – Private Spanish company developing high-altitude balloons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricornio_(rocket)" title="Capricornio (rocket)">Capricornio (rocket)</a> – Spanish orbital launch vehicle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis_programme" title="Themis programme">Themis programme</a> – European Space Agency programme to develop a prototype reusable rocket first stage</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miura_5&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRaulTorresPLD2022" class="citation web cs1">@RaulTorresPLD (18 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RaulTorresPLD/status/1483502909518229506">"Thread 👉 Happy to give you accurate #MIURA5 figures: maximum payload mass to reference mission (500km SSO): 450kg . Maximum payload to orbit : 900kg (equatorial launch). Launch site is CSG in French Guiana"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thread+%F0%9F%91%89+Happy+to+give+you+accurate+%23MIURA5+figures%3A+maximum+payload+mass+to+reference+mission+%28500km+SSO%29%3A+450kg+.+Maximum+payload+to+orbit+%3A+900kg+%28equatorial+launch%29.+Launch+site+is+CSG+in+French+Guiana.&rft.date=2022-01-18&rft.au=RaulTorresPLD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRaulTorresPLD%2Fstatus%2F1483502909518229506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reuters-20231020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20231020_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20231020_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reuters-20231020_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPinedo2023" class="citation web cs1">Pinedo, Emma (20 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/spains-pld-space-expects-first-orbital-launch-q1-2026-french-guiana-2023-10-20/">"Spain's PLD Space expects first orbital launch in Q1 2026 from French Guiana"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+PLD+Space+expects+first+orbital+launch+in+Q1+2026+from+French+Guiana&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft.aulast=Pinedo&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Ftechnology%2Fspace%2Fspains-pld-space-expects-first-orbital-launch-q1-2026-french-guiana-2023-10-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGallego2020" class="citation journal cs1">Gallego, Pablo (August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/smallsat/2020/all2020/63/">"MIURA 5: The European and Reusable Microlauncher for CubeSats and Small Satellites"</a>. <i>Small Satellite Conference</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Satellite+Conference&rft.atitle=MIURA+5%3A+The+European+and+Reusable+Microlauncher+for+CubeSats+and+Small+Satellites&rft.date=2020-08&rft.aulast=Gallego&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.usu.edu%2Fsmallsat%2F2020%2Fall2020%2F63%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-double_2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-double_2018_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-double_2018_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-double_2018_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/pld-space-after-esa-input-doubles-lift-capacity-of-smallsat-launcher/">"PLD Space, after ESA input, doubles lift capacity of smallsat launcher"</a>. <i>spacenews.com</i>. 28 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spacenews.com&rft.atitle=PLD+Space%2C+after+ESA+input%2C+doubles+lift+capacity+of+smallsat+launcher&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fpld-space-after-esa-input-doubles-lift-capacity-of-smallsat-launcher%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atalayar_Oct2023-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atalayar_Oct2023_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atalayar_Oct2023_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPons2023" class="citation web cs1">Pons, Juan (23 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atalayar.com/en/articulo/new-technologies-innovation/pld-wants-its-miura-5-rocket-to-take-off-from-french-guiana-in-early-2026/20231023123323192623.html">"PLD wants its Miura 5 rocket to take off from French Guiana in early 2026"</a>. <i>atalayar.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=atalayar.com&rft.atitle=PLD+wants+its+Miura+5+rocket+to+take+off+from+French+Guiana+in+early+2026&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft.aulast=Pons&rft.aufirst=Juan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atalayar.com%2Fen%2Farticulo%2Fnew-technologies-innovation%2Fpld-wants-its-miura-5-rocket-to-take-off-from-french-guiana-in-early-2026%2F20231023123323192623.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung2023" class="citation web cs1">Young, Chris (12 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/spain-rocket-launch-could-be-turning-point-for-european-spaceflight">"Spain rocket launch could be turning point for European spaceflight"</a>. <i>interestingengineering.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interestingengineering.com&rft.atitle=Spain+rocket+launch+could+be+turning+point+for+European+spaceflight&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finterestingengineering.com%2Finnovation%2Fspain-rocket-launch-could-be-turning-point-for-european-spaceflight&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRaulTorresPLD2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">@RaulTorresPLD (29 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/RaulTorresPLD/status/1432099445546569735">"Comenzaremos la fabricación del primer MIURA5 pero por supuesto necesitamos que vuele MIURA1 para validar y transferir muchas tecnologías. Otras, como los motores TEPREL-C o los tanques de propelente son nuevas. Esperamos tener a principios del próximo año hardware de ensayo"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) (in Spanish) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comenzaremos+la+fabricaci%C3%B3n+del+primer+MIURA5+pero+por+supuesto+necesitamos+que+vuele+MIURA1+para+validar+y+transferir+muchas+tecnolog%C3%ADas.+Otras%2C+como+los+motores+TEPREL-C+o+los+tanques+de+propelente+son+nuevas.+Esperamos+tener+a+principios+del+pr%C3%B3ximo+a%C3%B1o+hardware+de+ensayo&rft.date=2021-08-29&rft.au=RaulTorresPLD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FRaulTorresPLD%2Fstatus%2F1432099445546569735&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-satmagazine_2022-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-satmagazine_2022_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanmiguel2022" class="citation web cs1">Sanmiguel, Pablo Gallego (March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.satmagazine.com/story.php?number=977671537">"PLD Space Secures The Next Steps for the MIURA Launches"</a>. <i>satmagazine.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=satmagazine.com&rft.atitle=PLD+Space+Secures+The+Next+Steps+for+the+MIURA+Launches&rft.date=2022-03&rft.aulast=Sanmiguel&rft.aufirst=Pablo+Gallego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.satmagazine.com%2Fstory.php%3Fnumber%3D977671537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDuboust2023" class="citation web cs1">Duboust, Oceane (7 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/04/07/an-alternative-to-spacex-spanish-start-up-to-launch-first-european-reusable-rocket">"SpaceX competitor? A Spanish start-up is ready to launch Europe's first reusable rocket"</a>. euronews.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpaceX+competitor%3F+A+Spanish+start-up+is+ready+to+launch+Europe%27s+first+reusable+rocket&rft.pub=euronews.com&rft.date=2023-04-07&rft.aulast=Duboust&rft.aufirst=Oceane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fnext%2F2023%2F04%2F07%2Fan-alternative-to-spacex-spanish-start-up-to-launch-first-european-reusable-rocket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-miura1-payloadusersguide-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-miura1-payloadusersguide_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pldspace.com/images/MIURA_1/MIURA1_Payload_Users_Guide.pdf">"MIURA 1 - Payload User's guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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preliminary Agreement to…"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today+%40PLD_Space+and+%40CNES+%2C+and+with+the+support+of+%40CDTIoficial+signed+at+%23EUCASS2019+a+preliminary+Agreement+to%E2%80%A6&rft.date=2019-07-01&rft.au=PLD_Space&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2FPLD_Space%2Fstatus%2F1145705155121287169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensa.com/en-abierto/entrevistamos-teniente-general-jose-maria-salom-director-general">"Teniente general José María Salom, director general del INTA – Noticias Defensa En abierto"</a>. <i>defensa.com</i>. 14 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=defensa.com&rft.atitle=Teniente+general+Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Salom%2C+director+general+del+INTA+%E2%80%93+Noticias+Defensa+En+abierto&rft.date=2019-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensa.com%2Fen-abierto%2Fentrevistamos-teniente-general-jose-maria-salom-director-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-surinenglish_oct2023-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-surinenglish_oct2023_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-surinenglish_oct2023_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaray2023" class="citation web cs1">Garay, Jon (9 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.surinenglish.com/spain/space-race-miura-rocket-20231009104947-nt.html">"As Spain enters the space race, this is the successor to the Miura-1 rocket that will be three times taller and thirty times more powerful"</a>. <i>surinenglish.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=surinenglish.com&rft.atitle=As+Spain+enters+the+space+race%2C+this+is+the+successor+to+the+Miura-1+rocket+that+will+be+three+times+taller+and+thirty+times+more+powerful&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.aulast=Garay&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.surinenglish.com%2Fspain%2Fspace-race-miura-rocket-20231009104947-nt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiura+5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> 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navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Launch_systems127" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Launch systems</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> (core stages)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a>* (fully reusable)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> (orbiter and boosters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrel_(rocket)" title="Petrel (rocket)">Petrel</a>* (booster)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skua_(rocket)" title="Skua (rocket)">Skua</a>* (booster)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_(launch_vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur (launch vehicle)">Amur</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Next" title="Ariane Next">Ariane Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALLISTO" title="CALLISTO">CALLISTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORONA_(rocket)" title="CORONA (rocket)">CORONA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)#Hyperbola-3" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">Hyperbola-3</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li>6X (first stage)</li> <li>8R (first stage)</li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miura 5</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbex#Prime" title="Orbex">Orbex Prime</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RLV-TD" class="mw-redirect" title="RLV-TD">RLV-TD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Neutron" title="Rocket Lab Neutron">Rocket Lab Neutron</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship (SpaceX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Space_Nova" title="Stoke Space Nova">Stoke Space Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-3" title="Tianlong-3">Tianlong-3</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcan (rocket)">Vulcan</a> (engines)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kankoh-maru" title="Kankoh-maru">Kankoh-maru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SASSTO" title="Douglas SASSTO">SASSTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn-Shuttle" title="Saturn-Shuttle">Saturn-Shuttle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canceled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeline_(rocket_stage)" title="Adeline (rocket stage)">Adeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">Ares I</a> (first stage)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a> (boosters)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_spaceplane_program#869_Project" title="China's spaceplane program">Chang Cheng-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia II (Uragan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1e" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 1e">Falcon 1e</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon 5">Falcon 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Nexus" title="General Dynamics Nexus">Nexus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)#Hyperbola-2" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">Hyperbola-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOPE-X" title="HOPE-X">HOPE-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper / <i>Phoenix</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_HOTOL" title="British Aerospace HOTOL">HOTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="K-1 (rocket)">K-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Fly-back_Booster" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid Fly-back Booster">Liquid Fly-back Booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_Booster_System" title="Reusable Booster System">Reusable Booster System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_Rocket" title="Rotary Rocket">Roton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_Dragon_(rocket)" title="Sea Dragon (rocket)">Sea Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylon_(spacecraft)" title="Skylon (spacecraft)">Skylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_spaceplane_program#869_Project" title="China's spaceplane program">Tianjiao-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_spaceplane_program#869_Project" title="China's spaceplane program">V-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VentureStar" title="VentureStar">VentureStar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Spacecraft127" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spacecraft</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Starliner" title="Boeing Starliner">Boeing Starliner</a> (capsule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">Boeing X-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a>* (capsule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenlong_(spacecraft)" title="Shenlong (spacecraft)">Shenlong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_1" title="SpaceX Dragon 1">Dragon</a> (capsule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_SC-2" title="Gemini SC-2">Gemini SC-2</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipOne" title="SpaceShipOne">SpaceShipOne</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipTwo" title="SpaceShipTwo">SpaceShipTwo</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_orbiter" title="Space Shuttle orbiter">Space Shuttle orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Chaser" title="Dream Chaser">Dream Chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou_(spacecraft)" title="Mengzhou (spacecraft)">Mengzhou</a> (capsule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel (spacecraft)</a> (capsule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a> (capsule)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> upper stage</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(spacecraft)" title="Avatar (spacecraft)">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Meteor_Junior" title="Goodyear Meteor Junior">Goodyear Meteor Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">Ya Guidao Gainian Feixingqi</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Upper_Stage_for_Innovative_Exploration" title="Smart Upper Stage for Innovative Exploration">SUSIE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran-class orbiter</a> (never actually reused, flew just once)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%27s_spaceplane_program#869_Project" title="China's spaceplane program">H-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCOR_Lynx" title="XCOR Lynx">Lynx</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_Mustard" title="BAC Mustard">Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetSpace#Silver_Dart" title="PlanetSpace">Silver Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAR_(spaceplane)" title="SOAR (spaceplane)">SOAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_X-30" title="Rockwell X-30">X-30 NASP</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_X-33" title="Lockheed Martin X-33">X-33</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceShipThree" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceShipThree">SpaceShipThree</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* indicates <a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a> vehicles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_orbital_launch_systems90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_launch_systems" title="Template:European launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_launch_systems" title="Template talk:European launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_orbital_launch_systems90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbital</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Next" title="Ariane Next">Ariane Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_2_Infinity#Bloostar" title="Zero 2 Infinity">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_(rocket)#Haas_2" title="Haas (rocket)">Haas 2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_(rocket)#Haas_2CA" title="Haas (rocket)">Haas 2CA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_Next" title="Miura Next">Miura Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B8ya_Space#Orbital_launch_plans" title="Andøya Space">North Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RFA_One" title="RFA One">RFA One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylon_(spacecraft)" title="Skylon (spacecraft)">Skylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyImpulse" title="HyImpulse">SL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isar_Aerospace_Spectrum" title="Isar Aerospace Spectrum">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldebaran_(rocket)" title="Aldebaran (rocket)">Aldebaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane 5 ME">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li>Ariane M</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricornio_(rocket)" title="Capricornio (rocket)">Capricornio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_(rocket)" title="Haas (rocket)">Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_HOTOL" title="British Aerospace HOTOL">HOTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_SSTO" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperion SSTO">Hyperion SSTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(rocket)" title="Liberty (rocket)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_fly-back_booster#Derivatives" title="Liquid fly-back booster">Liquid fly-back booster derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_Mustard" title="BAC Mustard">BAC Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTRAG_(rocket)" title="OTRAG (rocket)">OTRAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAR_(spaceplane)" title="SOAR (spaceplane)">SOAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Space_program_of_Spain131" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Space_program_of_Spain" title="Template:Space program of Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Space_program_of_Spain" title="Template talk:Space program of Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Space_program_of_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Space program of Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Space_program_of_Spain131" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Space_program_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Space program of Spain">Space program of Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spainsat" title="Spainsat">Spainsat</a> / XTAR-LANT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XTAR-EUR" title="XTAR-EUR">XTAR-EUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spainsat_NG" title="Spainsat NG">Spainsat NG</a></li> <li>Amazonas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_1" title="Amazonas 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazonas 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_3" title="Amazonas 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_4A" title="Amazonas 4A">4A</a></li> <li>4B (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_5" title="Amazonas 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat" title="Hispasat">Hispasat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_1A" title="Hispasat 1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_1B" title="Hispasat 1B">1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_1C" title="Hispasat 1C">1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_1D" title="Hispasat 1D">1D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_AG1" title="Hispasat AG1">AG1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat_30W-6" title="Hispasat 30W-6">1F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lume-1" title="Lume-1">Lume-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Deimos <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deimos-1" title="Deimos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos-2" title="Deimos-2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paz_(satellite)" title="Paz (satellite)">Paz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenio_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingenio (satellite)">Ingenio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science & technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intasat" title="Intasat">Intasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minisat_01" title="Minisat 01">Minisat 01</a></li> <li>Nanosat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanosat_01" title="Nanosat 01">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosat-1B" title="Nanosat-1B">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li>UPM-Sat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UPM-Sat" title="UPM-Sat">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UPM-Sat" title="UPM-Sat">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xatcobeo" title="Xatcobeo">Xatcobeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPTOS" title="OPTOS">OPTOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suborbital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argo_(sounding_rocket)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argo (sounding rocket) (page does not exist)">Argo</a></li> <li>INTA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INTA-100" title="INTA-100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTA-255" title="INTA-255">255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTA-300" title="INTA-300">300</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_1" title="Miura 1">Miura 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capricornio_(rocket)" title="Capricornio (rocket)">Capricornio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_2_Infinity#Bloostar" title="Zero 2 Infinity">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_Next" title="Miura Next">Miura Next</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangea_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangea Aerospace (page does not exist)">Meso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tracking and launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/El_Arenosillo" title="El Arenosillo">El Arenosillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gando_Air_Base" title="Gando Air Base">Gando Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Hierro_Launch_Centre" title="El Hierro Launch Centre">El Hierro</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspalomas_Station" title="Maspalomas Station">Maspalomas Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebreros_Station" title="Cebreros Station">Cebreros Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villafranca_Station" title="Villafranca Station">Villafranca Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teruel_Airport#PLD_Space_Propulsion_Test_Facilities" title="Teruel Airport">PLD Space Propulsion Test Facilities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agencia_Espacial_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Agencia Espacial Española">Agencia Espacial Española</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instituto_Nacional_de_T%C3%A9cnica_Aeroespacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial">Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Astrobiology_Center" title="Spanish Astrobiology Center">Spanish Astrobiology Center‎</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial space industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PLD_Space" title="PLD Space">PLD Space</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangea_Aerospace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangea Aerospace (page does not exist)">Pangea Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_2_Infinity" title="Zero 2 Infinity">Zero 2 Infinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C3%A9n_Space" title="Alén Space">Alén Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispasat" title="Hispasat">Hispasat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisdesat" title="Hisdesat">Hisdesat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Astronauts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Duque" title="Pedro Duque">Pedro Duque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_%C3%81lvarez_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Pablo Álvarez Fernández">Pablo Álvarez Fernández</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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