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id="toc-Changes_after_the_Revolution_of_1974" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Changes_after_the_Revolution_of_1974"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Changes after the Revolution of 1974</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Changes_after_the_Revolution_of_1974-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religious practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Christians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Christians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buddhism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buddhism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Buddhism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buddhism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Irreligion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Irreligion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Irreligion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Irreligion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-page-title-main">Religion in Portugal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_au_Portugal" title="Religion au Portugal – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Religion au Portugal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religija_u_Portugalu" title="Religija u Portugalu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Religija u Portugalu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religioni_in_Portogallo" title="Religioni in Portogallo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Religioni in Portogallo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Религија во Португалија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Религија во Португалија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="ポルトガルの宗教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポルトガルの宗教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religia_w_Portugalii" title="Religia w Portugalii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Religia w Portugalii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_em_Portugal" title="Religião em Portugal – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Religião em Portugal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Религия в Португалии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Религия в Португалии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feja_n%C3%AB_Portugali" title="Feja në Portugali – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feja në Portugali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portekiz%27de_din" title="Portekiz'de din – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portekiz'de din" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97" title="Релігія в Португалії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Релігія в Португалії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="葡萄牙宗教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄牙宗教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3277159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Portugal (Census 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> (80.20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (2.13%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrchid; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a> (0.72%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightGreen; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a> (0.69%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightBlue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a> (1.04%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (0.42%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (0.22%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (0.19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Honeydew; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> (0.03%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D67653; color:;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Other religion (0.28%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> No religion (14.09%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz,_Co%C3%ADmbra,_Portugal,_2012-05-10,_DD_01_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz%2C_Co%C3%ADmbra%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-10%2C_DD_01_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz%2C_Co%C3%ADmbra%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-10%2C_DD_01_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz%2C_Co%C3%ADmbra%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-10%2C_DD_01_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz%2C_Co%C3%ADmbra%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-10%2C_DD_01_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz%2C_Co%C3%ADmbra%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-10%2C_DD_01_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Monasterio_de_Santa_Cruz%2C_Co%C3%ADmbra%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-10%2C_DD_01_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2405" data-file-height="3492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Holy_Cross_(Coimbra)" title="Monastery of the Holy Cross (Coimbra)">Church of the Holy Cross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the predominant <b>religion in Portugal</b>, with <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> being its largest denomination. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Secular_state" title="Secular state">secular state</a> and its constitution guarantees freedom of religion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2021 Census, 80.2% of the population of Portugal is Catholic, though in 2001 only about 19% attended <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> and took the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament" title="Sacrament">sacraments</a> regularly,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a larger number wish to have their children <a href="/wiki/Infant_baptism" title="Infant baptism">baptized</a>, be married in a church, and receive <a href="/wiki/Last_Rites" class="mw-redirect" title="Last Rites">Last Rites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portugal is one of the most religious countries in Europe, most Portuguese believe with certainty in the <a href="/wiki/Existence_of_God" title="Existence of God">existence of God</a> and <a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">religion is important</a> in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> Portugal is the 9th most religious country out of 34 European countries, 40% of Portuguese Catholics pray daily,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 36% say religion is very important in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Church and State</a> are formally separated since 1911, the Roman Catholic precepts continue to have a significant bearing in Portuguese society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Portugal" title="Culture of Portugal">culture</a>. The educational and health care systems were for a long time the Church's preserve, and in many cases, whenever a building, bridge, or highway was opened, it received a blessing from the <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Portugal" title="Catholic Church in Portugal">Catholic Church in Portugal</a> is also afforded certain rights and privileges in the country's law.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2021 Census, 80.2% of the population aged 15 and older is <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, a figure very similar to that recorded in the 2011 Census, when 81.0% selected <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> as their religion. About 5% adhere to other forms of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, with 2.1% being <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodox</a>, and 1% members of other Christian churches. Just over 1% indicated belonging to non-Christian religions, with 0.4% being <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslim</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> and 0.3% members of other religions. 14% indicated not having any religion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religion in Portugal - Census 2021<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>Number </th> <th>Percent </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CCECFC;"><b><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#CCECFC;"><b>7,444,786</b> </td> <td style="background:#CCECFC;"><b>84.77%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></i> </td> <td><i>7,043,016</i> </td> <td><i>80.20%</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></i> </td> <td><i>186,832</i> </td> <td><i>2.13%</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></i> </td> <td><i>63,609</i> </td> <td><i>0.72%</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy#Christianity" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></i> </td> <td><i>60,381</i> </td> <td><i>0.69%</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Other Christian</i> </td> <td><i>90,948</i> </td> <td><i>1.04%</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FEFAC5;"><b>Non-Christian religions</b> </td> <td style="background:#FEFAC5;"><b>99,984</b> </td> <td style="background:#FEFAC5;"><b>1.14%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">- Islam</a></i> </td> <td><i>36,480</i> </td> <td>0.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></i> </td> <td><i>19,471</i> </td> <td>0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></i> </td> <td><i>16,757</i> </td> <td>0.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></i> </td> <td><i>2,910</i> </td> <td>0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Other non-Christian</i> </td> <td><i>24,366</i> </td> <td>0.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#DCD9FA;"><b><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#DCD9FA;"><b>1,237,130</b> </td> <td style="background:#DCD9FA;"><b>14.09%</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><small>Note: Question asked to the population aged 15 and older</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Census data show some regional differences. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> is strongest in the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> (91.6%), <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> (90.9%) and the <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">North</a> region (88.1%). On the other hand, the <a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> (65.9%) and the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon</a> region (67.5%) have the lowest percentages. It is also in the regions of Lisbon and the Algarve that the highest proportions of members of other <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches, of other religions and of people without religious affiliation are found. Members of other Christian religions make up more than 10% of the Algarve's population. In the Lisbon metropolitan area and in the Algarve, more than 2% of the population follow non-Christian religions and the percentage of the <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</a> population varies between around 6% in the Azores and Madeira and 23.1% in Lisbon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religion in Portugal, by region and subregion - Census 2021<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Region / Subregion </th> <th rowspan="2">Total </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#CCECFC;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><i>- <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></i> </th> <th colspan="2"><i>- Other Christian</i> </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#FEFAC5;">Non-Christian religions </th> <th colspan="2" style="background:#DCD9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#CCECFC;">Number </th> <th style="background:#CCECFC;">Percent </th> <th><i>Number</i> </th> <th><i>Percent</i> </th> <th><i>Number</i> </th> <th><i>Percent</i> </th> <th style="background:#FEFAC5;">Number </th> <th style="background:#FEFAC5;">Percent </th> <th style="background:#DCD9FA;">Number </th> <th style="background:#DCD9FA;">Percent </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Portugal" title="North Region, Portugal">North</a> </th> <th>3,080,860 </th> <th>2,800,199 </th> <th>90.9% </th> <th><i>2,713,422</i> </th> <th><i>88.1%</i> </th> <th><i>86,777</i> </th> <th><i>2.8%</i> </th> <th>13,901 </th> <th>0.5% </th> <th>266,760 </th> <th>8.7% </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Alto Minho</i> </td> <td>200,719 </td> <td>186,700 </td> <td>93.0% </td> <td><i>182,778</i> </td> <td><i>91.1%</i> </td> <td><i>3,922</i> </td> <td><i>2.0%</i> </td> <td>843 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>13,176 </td> <td>6.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Cávado</i> </td> <td>354,448 </td> <td>326,382 </td> <td>92.1% </td> <td><i>316,353</i> </td> <td><i>89.3%</i> </td> <td><i>10,029</i> </td> <td><i>2.8%</i> </td> <td>1,407 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>26,659 </td> <td>7.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Ave</i> </td> <td>359,786 </td> <td>337,864 </td> <td>93.9% </td> <td><i>331,712</i> </td> <td><i>92.2%</i> </td> <td><i>6,152</i> </td> <td><i>1.7%</i> </td> <td>1,065 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>20,857 </td> <td>5.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Porto Metropolitan Area</i> </td> <td>1,482,881 </td> <td>1,298,978 </td> <td>87.6% </td> <td><i>1,242,176</i> </td> <td><i>83.8%</i> </td> <td><i>56,802</i> </td> <td><i>3.8%</i> </td> <td>9,051 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>174,852 </td> <td>11.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Alto Tâmega</i> </td> <td>75,014 </td> <td>71,298 </td> <td>95.0% </td> <td><i>70,322</i> </td> <td><i>93.7%</i> </td> <td><i>976</i> </td> <td><i>1.3%</i> </td> <td>176 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>3,540 </td> <td>4.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Tâmega e Sousa</i> </td> <td>351,334 </td> <td>336,254 </td> <td style="background:#DEF9CD;">95.7% </td> <td><i>331,688</i> </td> <td style="background:#DEF9CD;"><i>94.4%</i> </td> <td><i>4,566</i> </td> <td style="background:#F9D5CD;"><i>1.3%</i> </td> <td>665 </td> <td style="background:#F9D5CD;">0.2% </td> <td>14,415 </td> <td style="background:#F9D5CD;">4.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Douro</i> </td> <td>161,898 </td> <td>153,218 </td> <td>94.6% </td> <td><i>150,764</i> </td> <td><i>93.1%</i> </td> <td><i>2,454</i> </td> <td><i>1.5%</i> </td> <td>405 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>8,275 </td> <td>5.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>-Terras de Trás-os-Montes</i> </td> <td>94,780 </td> <td>89,505 </td> <td>94.4% </td> <td><i>87,629</i> </td> <td><i>92.5%</i> </td> <td><i>1,876</i> </td> <td><i>2.0%</i> </td> <td>289 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>4,986 </td> <td>5.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Central_Region,_Portugal" title="Central Region, Portugal">Central</a> </th> <th>1,913,725 </th> <th>1,701,383 </th> <th>88.9% </th> <th><i><b>1,629,396</b></i> </th> <th><i><b>85.1%</b></i> </th> <th><i><b>71,987</b></i> </th> <th><i>3.8%</i> </th> <th>11,839 </th> <th>0.6% </th> <th>200,503 </th> <th>10.5% </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Oeste</i> </td> <td>309,434 </td> <td>260,346 </td> <td>84.1% </td> <td><i>243,082</i> </td> <td><i>78.6%</i> </td> <td><i>17,264</i> </td> <td><i>5.6%</i> </td> <td>3,190 </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>45,898 </td> <td>14.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Região de Aveiro</i> </td> <td>312,848 </td> <td>280,256 </td> <td>89.6% </td> <td><i>266,890</i> </td> <td><i>85.3%</i> </td> <td><i>13,366</i> </td> <td><i>4.3%</i> </td> <td>1,661 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>30,931 </td> <td>9.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Região de Coimbra</i> </td> <td>376,608 </td> <td>329,606 </td> <td>87.5% </td> <td><i>316,240</i> </td> <td><i>84.0%</i> </td> <td><i>13,366</i> </td> <td><i>3.5%</i> </td> <td>2,195 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>44,807 </td> <td>11.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Região de Leiria</i> </td> <td>244,620 </td> <td>217,214 </td> <td>88.8% </td> <td><i>206,914</i> </td> <td><i>84.6%</i> </td> <td><i>10,300</i> </td> <td><i>4.2%</i> </td> <td>1,774 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>25,632 </td> <td>10.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Viseu Dão Lafões</i> </td> <td>217,504 </td> <td>202,062 </td> <td>92.9% </td> <td><i>196,121</i> </td> <td><i>90.2%</i> </td> <td><i>5,941</i> </td> <td><i>2.7%</i> </td> <td>754 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>14,688 </td> <td>6.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Beira Baixa</i> </td> <td>70,760 </td> <td>63,935 </td> <td>90.4% </td> <td><i>62,030</i> </td> <td><i>87.7%</i> </td> <td><i>1,905</i> </td> <td><i>2.7%</i> </td> <td>474 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>6,351 </td> <td>9.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Médio Tejo</i> </td> <td>196,410 </td> <td>175,806 </td> <td>89.5% </td> <td><i>169,509</i> </td> <td><i>86.3%</i> </td> <td><i>6,297</i> </td> <td><i>3.2%</i> </td> <td>1,008 </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>19,596 </td> <td>10.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Beiras e Serra da Estrela</i> </td> <td>185,541 </td> <td>172,158 </td> <td>92.8% </td> <td><i>168,610</i> </td> <td><i>90.9%</i> </td> <td><i>3,548</i> </td> <td><i>1.9%</i> </td> <td>783 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>12,600 </td> <td>6.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lisbon_metropolitan_area" title="Lisbon metropolitan area">Lisbon Metropolitan Area</a> </th> <th>2,390,959 </th> <th>1,782,739 </th> <th>74.6% </th> <th><i>1,614,932</i> </th> <th><i>67.5%</i> </th> <th><i>167,807</i> </th> <th><i>7.0%</i> </th> <th>56,059 </th> <th>2.3% </th> <th>552,161 </th> <th>23.1% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alentejo_Region" title="Alentejo Region">Alentejo</a> </th> <th>595,238 </th> <th>479,001 </th> <th>80.5% </th> <th><i>453,268</i> </th> <th><i>76.1%</i> </th> <th><i>25,733</i> </th> <th><i>4.3%</i> </th> <th>8,872 </th> <th>1.5% </th> <th>107,365 </th> <th>18.0% </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Alentejo Litoral</i> </td> <td>80,845 </td> <td>53,887 </td> <td style="background:#F9D5CD;">66.7% </td> <td><i>50,200</i> </td> <td style="background:#F9D5CD;"><i>62.1%</i> </td> <td><i>3,687</i> </td> <td><i>4.6%</i> </td> <td>4,566 </td> <td style="background:#DEF9CD;">5.6% </td> <td>22,392 </td> <td style="background:#DEF9CD;">27.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Baixo Alentejo</i> </td> <td>94,460 </td> <td>72,811 </td> <td>77.1% </td> <td><i>69,003</i> </td> <td><i>73.0%</i> </td> <td><i>3,808</i> </td> <td><i>4.0%</i> </td> <td>900 </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>20,749 </td> <td>22.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Lezíria do Tejo</i> </td> <td>199,892 </td> <td>166,491 </td> <td>83.3% </td> <td><i>154,743</i> </td> <td><i>77.4%</i> </td> <td><i>11,748</i> </td> <td><i>5.9%</i> </td> <td>2,339 </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>31,062 </td> <td>15.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Alto Alentejo</i> </td> <td>90,105 </td> <td>79,351 </td> <td>88.1% </td> <td><i>76,731</i> </td> <td><i>85.2%</i> </td> <td><i>2,620</i> </td> <td><i>2.9%</i> </td> <td>321 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>10,433 </td> <td>11.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>- Alentejo Central</i> </td> <td>129,936 </td> <td>106,461 </td> <td>81.9% </td> <td><i>102,591</i> </td> <td><i>79.0%</i> </td> <td><i>3,870</i> </td> <td><i>3.0%</i> </td> <td>746 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>22,729 </td> <td>17.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Algarve" title="Algarve">Algarve</a> </th> <th>390,103 </th> <th>297,366 </th> <th>76.2% </th> <th><i><b>257,046</b></i> </th> <th><i><b>65.9%</b></i> </th> <th><i><b>40,320</b></i> </th> <th style="background:#DEF9CD;"><i><b>10.3%</b></i> </th> <th>7,951 </th> <th>2.0% </th> <th>84,786 </th> <th>21.7% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> </th> <th>195,788 </th> <th>183,186 </th> <th>93.6% </th> <th><i>179,395</i> </th> <th><i>91.6%</i> </th> <th><i>3,791</i> </th> <th><i>1.9%</i> </th> <th>521 </th> <th>0.3% </th> <th>12,081 </th> <th>6.2% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> </th> <th>215,227 </th> <th>200,912 </th> <th>93.3% </th> <th><i>195,557</i> </th> <th><i>90.9%</i> </th> <th><i>5,355</i> </th> <th><i>2.5%</i> </th> <th>841 </th> <th>0.4% </th> <th>13,474 </th> <th>6.3% </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12"><small>Note: Question asked to the population aged 15 and older</small> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:602px;max-width:602px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Religion by municipality - 2021 Census</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:299px;max-width:299px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:210px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png/297px-Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png" decoding="async" width="297" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png/446px-Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png/594px-Catholics_by_municipality_-_Census_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Percentage of Catholics by municipality</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:299px;max-width:299px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:210px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png/297px-Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png" decoding="async" width="297" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png/446px-Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png/594px-Other_christians_-_Census_2021.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Percentage of members of other Christian denominations by municipality</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:299px;max-width:299px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:210px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Non-Christian_religions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Non-Christian_religions.png/297px-Non-Christian_religions.png" decoding="async" width="297" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Non-Christian_religions.png/446px-Non-Christian_religions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Non-Christian_religions.png/594px-Non-Christian_religions.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Percentage of members of other religions by municipality</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:299px;max-width:299px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:210px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No-religion.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/No-religion.png/297px-No-religion.png" decoding="async" width="297" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/No-religion.png/446px-No-religion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/No-religion.png/594px-No-religion.png 2x" data-file-width="3507" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Percentage of non-religious by municipality</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 124 of the 308 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Portugal" title="Municipalities of Portugal">municipalities</a>, over 90% of the population indicated being Catholic in the 2021 Census. The municipalities with the highest percentages are <a href="/wiki/Mes%C3%A3o_Frio" title="Mesão Frio">Mesão Frio</a> (97.0%), <a href="/wiki/Ribeira_de_Pena" title="Ribeira de Pena">Ribeira de Pena</a> (96.5%), <a href="/wiki/Resende,_Portugal" title="Resende, Portugal">Resende</a> (96.4%) and <a href="/wiki/Bai%C3%A3o,_Portugal" title="Baião, Portugal">Baião</a> (96.3%) in the North region, and <a href="/wiki/Vila_Franca_do_Campo" title="Vila Franca do Campo">Vila Franca do Campo</a> (96.3%) in the Azores. The least Catholic municipalities are located in the Algarve and on the Alentejo coast with <a href="/wiki/Lagos,_Portugal" title="Lagos, Portugal">Lagos</a> (55.2%), <a href="/wiki/Vila_do_Bispo" title="Vila do Bispo">Vila do Bispo</a> (56.1%), <a href="/wiki/Sines" title="Sines">Sines</a> (56.2%), <a href="/wiki/Aljezur" title="Aljezur">Aljezur</a> (56.3%) and <a href="/wiki/Odemira" title="Odemira">Odemira</a> (56.7%) with the lowest percentages . The municipalities with the highest proportions of members of other Christian denominations are Lagos (14.3%), <a href="/wiki/Albufeira" title="Albufeira">Albufeira</a> (13.2%), <a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portimão</a> (12.7%), <a href="/wiki/Loul%C3%A9" title="Loulé">Loulé</a> (11.3%) and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Br%C3%A1s_de_Alportel" title="São Brás de Alportel">São Brás de Alportel</a> (11.0%), all in the Algarve. The municipalities with the highest proportion of followers of non-Christian religions are Odemira (16.5%), Albufeira (4.1%), <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> (3.9%), <a href="/wiki/Odivelas" title="Odivelas">Odivelas</a> (3.4%) and <a href="/wiki/Amadora" title="Amadora">Amadora</a> (3.2%), in the Alentejo, Algarve and Lisbon regions. With regard to the non-religious population, the highest percentages are registered in parts of the Alentejo and the Algarve with Sines (35.5%), Vila do Bispo (33.7%), <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A2ndola" title="Grândola">Grândola</a> (31.7%), Aljezur (31.5%) and <a href="/wiki/Aljustrel" title="Aljustrel">Aljustrel</a> (31.4%) recording the highest percentages. In 15 municipalities more than a quarter of the population is not religious. On the other hand, in 74 municipalities this percentage is less than 5%.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a very considerable difference in terms of religious composition between the inhabitants with <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> nationality and the foreign population residing in the country, which makes up 5.2% of the total population. 82.6% of residents of Portuguese nationality are Catholic, while only 36.4% of foreigners identify with the Catholic Church. Just over 3% of Portuguese nationals belong to other Christian denominations, a percentage that approaches 30% among foreign residents. Only 0.6% of residents of Portuguese nationality reported belonging to non-Christian religions, with this percentage being 12.3% among foreigners. As for the population without religious affiliation, the percentage is 13.7% among residents born in Portugal and 21.5% among residents born abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statistics Portugal made available, in November 2023, an anonymized microdata file for public use with a sample of 5% of the responses to the 2021 Census. The question on religion had a very high response rate, of 97.5%.These data show that the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> is higher among women (83.1%) than men (76.8%). On the other hand, the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">unaffiliated</a> it is higher among men (17.8%) than women (10.9%). There are no relevant differences between genders regarding the affiliation to other Christian denominations and to non-Christian religions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>Male </th> <th>Female </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></b> </td> <td style="background:;">76.8% </td> <td style="background:;">83.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Other Christian</b> </td> <td>4.0% </td> <td>5.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Non-Christian religions</b> </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></b> </td> <td>17.8% </td> <td>10.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The same microdata file shows that older generations are more <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religious</a>. The percentage of Catholics varies between 66.9% among the population aged 25–34 and 91.7% among those over 75 years old. It is among younger people that the highest percentages of members of other Christian churches and other religions are found.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>15-24 </th> <th>25-34 </th> <th>35-44 </th> <th>45-54 </th> <th>55-64 </th> <th>65-74 </th> <th>75+ </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></b> </td> <td style="background:;">70.9% </td> <td style="background:;">66.9% </td> <td>74.4% </td> <td>81.0% </td> <td>85.4% </td> <td>88.3% </td> <td>91.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Other Christian</b> </td> <td>5.2% </td> <td>6.2% </td> <td>6.2% </td> <td>4.9% </td> <td>3.9% </td> <td>3.2% </td> <td>2.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Non-Christian religions</b> </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>1.9% </td> <td>1.0% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></b> </td> <td>22.5% </td> <td>24.1% </td> <td>17.5% </td> <td>13.2% </td> <td>10.2% </td> <td>8.0% </td> <td>5.5% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The sample of responses to the Census shows that it is among the population with <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Portugal" title="Education in Portugal">basic levels of education</a> (1st, 2nd and 3rd cycles of education) that the highest percentage of Catholics is found (86.6%). On the other hand, the lowest percentage of members of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> is found among residents with post-secondary education (68.2%). It is at this level of education that the highest percentage of adherents of other Christian churches is found (8.6%). Regarding the unaffiliated, the biggest percentage is found among the population with higher levels of education (23.0%).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>No formal education </th> <th>Basic education </th> <th>Upper secondary </th> <th>Post secondary </th> <th>Higher education </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></b> </td> <td style="background:;">83.5% </td> <td style="background:;">86.6% </td> <td>73.5% </td> <td>68.2% </td> <td>71.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Other Christian</b> </td> <td>5.9% </td> <td>3.7% </td> <td>6.4% </td> <td>8.6% </td> <td>4.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Non-Christian religions</b> </td> <td>2.3% </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></b> </td> <td>8.3% </td> <td>9.0% </td> <td>18.4% </td> <td>21.9% </td> <td>23.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Catholicism is strongest in the <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</a> of the country, where 87.0% of residents claimed to belong to this denomination. In <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban areas</a>, the percentage of Catholics is 75.9%. In the urban areas there are higher percentages of members of other Christian denominations, of other religions and non-religious people.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Religion </th> <th>Rural areas </th> <th>Urban areas </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a></b> </td> <td style="background:;">87.0% </td> <td style="background:;">75.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Other Christian</b> </td> <td>2.9% </td> <td>5.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Non-Christian religions</b> </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a></b> </td> <td>9.5% </td> <td>16.9% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Special:EditPage/Religion in Portugal">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg/230px-Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg/345px-Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg/460px-Braga_March_2016-7a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6338" data-file-height="4449" /></a><figcaption>18th century organs and ceiling inside <a href="/wiki/Braga_Cathedral" title="Braga Cathedral">Braga Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As in most provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, the religious beliefs and deities of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_peoples_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula">Pre-Roman populations</a> mingled and coexisted with <a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman mythology</a>. In the Portuguese case, those Pre-Roman religions were basically <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Celtic">Proto-Celtic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Celt" class="mw-redirect" title="Celt">Celtic</a>, chief amongst them that of the <a href="/wiki/Lusitanians" title="Lusitanians">Lusitanians</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_mythology" title="Lusitanian mythology">Lusitanian mythology</a></i>). </p><p>Jewish populations have existed in the area, going back to the Roman era or even before that, and are directly related to <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> history. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Province">Roman Provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a> (comprising most of Portugal south of the <a href="/wiki/Douro" title="Douro">Douro</a> river) and of <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a> (north of the Douro river) were first Christianized while part of the Roman Empire. During this period, <a href="/wiki/Bracara_Augusta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracara Augusta">Bracara Augusta</a> (the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Braga" title="Braga">Braga</a>) became one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">episcopal</a> centres, alongside <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> was solidified when the <a href="/wiki/Suevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Suevi">Suevi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a>—<a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a> already Christianized—came into the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> in the fifth century. </p><p>Early Visigoths followed the <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arian heresy</a>, but they joined Roman mainstream after the eighth century. The city of Braga played an important role in the religious history of the period, namely during the renunciation of the Arian and <a href="/wiki/Priscillianist" class="mw-redirect" title="Priscillianist">Priscillianist</a> heresies. Two synods were held in Braga in the sixth century, marking the origin of its ecclesiastical significance. The <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_Braga" title="Ecclesiastical history of Braga">Archbishops of Braga</a> retains the title of Primate of Portugal, and long claimed supremacy over the whole of the churches of <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a>. </p><p>Braga had an important role in the Christianization of the whole Iberian Peninsula. The first known bishop of Braga, Paternus, lived during the end of the fourth century, although <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ovidius" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ovidius">Saint Ovidius</a> (d. 135 AD) is sometimes considered one of the first bishops of this city.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early fifth century, <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Orosius" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus Orosius">Paulus Orosius</a>, a friend of <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Saint Augustine</a>, born in Braga, wrote several theological and historical works of great importance. In the sixth century, another influential figure was <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_of_Braga" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Martin of Braga">Saint Martin of Braga</a>, a bishop of Braga who converted the Suevi from <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a> to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>. He also founded an important monastery near Braga, in <a href="/wiki/Dumio" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumio">Dumio</a> (<i>Dume</i>), now an archaeological site. Several <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Braga" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Braga">Ecumenical Councils were held in Braga</a> during this period, a sign of the religious importance of the city. </p><p>Christianity saw its importance diminish in southern Portugal during <a href="/wiki/Moorish" class="mw-redirect" title="Moorish">Moorish</a> rule in the <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> period, beginning in 711 with the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Umayyad conquest of Hispania</a>, even if most of the population still followed Christianity according to the <a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic Rite</a>. In the north, however, Christianity provided the cultural and religious cement that helped hold Portugal together as a distinctive entity, at least since the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">reconquest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> in 868 by <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADmara_Peres" title="Vímara Peres">Vímara Peres</a>, the founder of the <a href="/wiki/First_County_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="First County of Portugal">First County of Portugal</a>. By the same token, Christianity was the rallying cry of those who rose up against the Moors and sought to drive them out. Hence, Christianity and the Catholic Church pre-dated the establishment of the Portuguese nation, a point that shaped relations between the two. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Under <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Henriques" class="mw-redirect" title="Afonso Henriques">Afonso Henriques</a> (r. 1139–1185), the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">king of Portugal</a> and the founder of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1112%E2%80%931279)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Portugal (1112–1279)">Portuguese Kingdom</a>, church and state were unified into a lasting and mutually beneficial partnership. To secure papal recognition of his country, Afonso declared Portugal a vassal state of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, and was as such recognized in 1179 through the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Manifestis_Probatum" title="Manifestis Probatum">Manifestis Probatum</a></i>. The King found the Church to be a useful ally as he drove the Moors towards the South. For its support of his policies, Afonso richly rewarded the Church by granting it vast lands and privileges in the conquered territories. The Church became the country's largest landowner, and its power came to be equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobility</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (society)">military orders</a>, and even, for a time, the Crown. But Afonso also asserted his supremacy over the Church, a supremacy that — with various ups and downs — was maintained. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although relations between the Portuguese State and the Catholic Church were generally amiable and stable, their relative power fluctuated. In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal_(1279%E2%80%931415)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Portugal (1279–1415)">13th and 14th centuries</a>, the Church enjoyed both riches and power stemming from its role in the reconquest and its close identification with early Portuguese nationalism. For a time, the Church's position vis-à-vis the State diminished until the growth of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Overseas Empire</a> made its <a href="/wiki/Mission_(Christian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission (Christian)">missionaries</a> important agents of <a href="/wiki/Colonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation">colonization</a> (see, for example, <i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kongo" title="Kingdom of Kongo">Kingdom of Kongo</a></i>). </p><p>Until the 15th century, some Jews occupied prominent places in Portuguese political and economical life. For example, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Abrabanel" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Abrabanel">Isaac Abrabanel</a> was the treasurer of King Afonso V of Portugal. Many also had an active role in the Portuguese culture, and they kept their reputation of diplomats and merchants. By this time, Lisbon and Évora were home to important Jewish communities. In 1497, reflecting events that had occurred five years earlier in Spain, Portugal <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">expelled the Jews</a> and the few remaining Moors — or forced them to convert. In 1536, the Pope gave King <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_III" class="mw-redirect" title="João III">João III</a> (r. 1521–1557) permission to establish the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Inquisition" title="Portuguese Inquisition">Portuguese Inquisition</a> to enforce the purity of the faith. Earlier, the country had been rather tolerant, but now orthodoxy and intolerance reigned. The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit Order</a> was placed in charge of all education. </p><p>In the 18th century, anti-Church sentiment became strong. The <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Carvalho_e_Melo,_1st_Marquis_of_Pombal" title="Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal">Marquês de Pombal</a> (r. 1750–1777) <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">expelled the Jesuits</a> in 1759, broke relations with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, and brought education under the State's control. Pombal was eventually removed from his office, and many of his reforms were undone, but <a href="/wiki/Anti-clericalism" title="Anti-clericalism">anti-clericalism</a> remained a force in Portuguese society. In 1821, the Inquisition was abolished, <a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">religious orders</a> were banned, and the Church lost much of its property. Relations between Church and State improved in the second half of the 19th century, but a new wave of anti-clericalism emerged with the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_First_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese First Republic">Portuguese First Republic</a> in 1910. Not only were Church properties seized and education secularized, but the Republic went so far as to ban the ringing of church bells, the wearing of clerical garb on the streets, and the holding of many popular religious festivals. With the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_First_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese First Republic">Portuguese First Republic</a> viewed it as a unique opportunity to achieve a number of goals: putting an end to the twin threats of a Spanish invasion of Portugal and of foreign occupation of the colonies and, at the internal level, creating a national consensus around the regime. These domestic objectives were not met and the armed forces, whose political awareness had grown during the war, and whose leaders had not forgiven the regime for sending them to a war they did not want to fight, seemed to represent, to conservative forces, the last bastion of "order" against the "chaos" that was taking over the country. By the mid-1920s the domestic and international scenes began to favour an authoritarian solution, wherein a strengthened executive might restore political and social order. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estado_Novo"><i>Estado Novo</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Estado Novo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Portugal)" title="Estado Novo (Portugal)"><i>Estado Novo</i></a>, the <a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">corporatist</a> <a href="/wiki/Totalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Totalitarian">totalitarian</a> regime of <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a> (r. 1932–1968), the Church experienced a revival. Salazar was himself deeply religious and infused with Catholic precepts. Before studying <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, he had been a <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminarian</a>; his roommate at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Coimbra" title="University of Coimbra">University of Coimbra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gon%C3%A7alves_Cerejeira" title="Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira">Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira</a>, later became <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarch of Lisbon">Patriarch of Lisbon</a>. In addition, Salazar's corporatist principles and his <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Portugal" title="Constitution of Portugal">constitution</a> and labour statute of 1933 were infused with Roman Catholic precepts from the papal encyclicals <i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i> (1891) and <i><a href="/wiki/Quadragesimo_anno" title="Quadragesimo anno">Quadragesimo anno</a></i> (1931). </p><p>Salazar's state claimed to base itself on the principles of traditional Roman Catholicism, with an emphasis on order, discipline, and authority. Class relations were supposedly based on harmony rather than the <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> concept of conflict. The family, the parish, and Christianity were said to be the foundations of the State. Salazar went considerably beyond these principles, however, and established a full-fledged dictatorship. His corporate government, in the opinion of some, contained about equal blends of Roman Catholic principles and <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1940, a <i><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a></i> governing Church–State relations was signed between Portugal and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a>. The Church was to be "separate" from the State but to enjoy a special position. The Concordat of 1940 reversed many of the anticlerical policies adopted during the First Republic, and the Catholic Church was given exclusive control over religious instruction in the public schools. Only Catholic clergy could serve as chaplains in the armed forces. Divorce, which had been legalized by the republic, was made illegal for those married in a Church service, but remained legal with respect to civil marriage. The Church was given formal "juridical personality," enabling it to incorporate and hold property. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Under Salazar, critics believe that Church and State in Portugal maintained a comfortable and mutually reinforcing relationship. While assisting the Church in many ways, however, Salazar insisted that it stay out of politics — unless it praised his regime. Dissent and criticism were forbidden; those clergy who stepped out of line — an occasional parish priest and once the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Bishops_of_Porto" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bishops of Porto">Bishop of Porto</a> — were silenced or forced to leave the country. The rest of the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy, led by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gon%C3%A7alves_Cerejeira" title="Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira">Manuel Gonçalves Cerejeira</a>, a great friend and supporter of Salazar, remained silent on the issue. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Changes_after_the_Revolution_of_1974">Changes after the Revolution of 1974</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Changes after the Revolution of 1974"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Constitution_of_1976" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Constitution of 1976">Portuguese Constitution of 1976</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation Revolution</a> of 1974 and the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_transition_to_democracy" title="Portuguese transition to democracy">transition to democracy</a>, Church and State were again formally separated. The Church continues to have a special place in Portugal, but for the most part, it has been disestablished. Other religions are now free to organize and practice their beliefs. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prozelo_Procession_(7).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Prozelo_Procession_%287%29.JPG/220px-Prozelo_Procession_%287%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Prozelo_Procession_%287%29.JPG/330px-Prozelo_Procession_%287%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Prozelo_Procession_%287%29.JPG/440px-Prozelo_Procession_%287%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Catholic procession in <a href="/wiki/Ferreiros,_Prozelo_e_Besteiros" title="Ferreiros, Prozelo e Besteiros">Prozelo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to constitutional changes, Portugal became a more secular society. The practice of religion has since declined. The number of men becoming priests fell, as did charitable offerings and attendance at Mass. By the early 1990s, most Portuguese still considered themselves Roman Catholic in a vaguely cultural and religious sense, but only about one-third of them attended Mass regularly. Indifference to religion was most likely among men and young people. Regular churchgoers were most often women and young children.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Church no longer had its former social influence. During the 19th century and on into the Salazar regime, the Church was one of the most powerful institutions in the country — along with the Army and the social and economic elite. In fact, military, economic, governmental, and religious influences in Portugal were closely intertwined and interrelated, often literally so. Traditionally, the first son of elite families inherited land, the second went into the army, and the third became a bishop. By the early 1990s, however, the Roman Catholic Church no longer enjoyed this pre-eminence but had fallen to seventh or eighth place in power among Portuguese interest groups. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the 1980s, the Church seldom tried to influence how Portuguese voted, knowing such attempts would probably backfire. During the height of the revolutionary turmoil in the mid-1970s, the Church urged its communicants to vote for centrist and conservative candidates and to repudiate communists, especially in northern Portugal, but after that the Church refrained from such an overt political role. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Church was not able to prevent the enactment of the constitution of 1976, which separated Church and State, nor could it block legislation liberalizing <a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">divorce</a> or <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a>, issues it regarded as moral and within the realm of its responsibility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_practices">Religious practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Special:EditPage/Religion in Portugal">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG/220px-Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG/330px-Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG/440px-Virgen_de_F%C3%A1tima.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1021" data-file-height="1383" /></a><figcaption>The image of <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a> present in the <a href="/wiki/Chapel_of_the_Apparitions" title="Chapel of the Apparitions">Chapel of the Apparitions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cova_da_Iria" title="Cova da Iria">Cova da Iria</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Sanctuary of Fátima">Sanctuary of Fátima</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cristo_Rei,_Lisboa,_Portugal,_2012-05-12,_DD_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cristo_Rei%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-12%2C_DD_01.JPG/220px-Cristo_Rei%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-12%2C_DD_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cristo_Rei%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-12%2C_DD_01.JPG/330px-Cristo_Rei%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-12%2C_DD_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Cristo_Rei%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-12%2C_DD_01.JPG/440px-Cristo_Rei%2C_Lisboa%2C_Portugal%2C_2012-05-12%2C_DD_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="2339" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Christ_the_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctuary of Christ the King">Sanctuary of Christ the King</a> overlooking <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Almada" title="Almada">Almada</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The practice of religion in Portugal has shown striking regional differences. Even in the early 1990s, 60 to 70 percent of the population in the traditionally Catholic North regularly attended religious services, compared with 10 to 15 percent in the historically anti-clerical <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">South</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Lisbon">Greater Lisbon Area</a>, about 30 percent were regular churchgoers. </p><p>The traditional importance of Catholicism in the lives of the Portuguese is evident in the physical organization of almost every village in Portugal. The village churches are usually in prominent locations, either on the main square or on a hilltop overlooking the village. Many of the churches and chapels were built in the 16th century at the height of Portugal's colonial expansion, and were often decorated with wood and gold leaf from the conquests. In recent decades, however, they were often in disrepair, for there were not enough priests to tend them. Many were used only rarely to honor the patron saints of the villages. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Much of the country's religious life has traditionally taken place outside the formal structure and official domain of the Roman Catholic Church. This is especially true in rural areas where the celebration of saints' days and religious festivals is popular. The most famous religious event in Portugal has been the claimed apparition of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Virgin Mary</a> to three children in <a href="/wiki/Cova_da_Iria" title="Cova da Iria">Cova da Iria</a>, in the village of <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima,_Portugal" title="Fátima, Portugal">Fátima</a>, in 1917. Two of the children, <a href="/wiki/Jacinta_and_Francisco_Marto" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacinta and Francisco Marto">Jacinta and Francisco Marto</a>, were beatified in 2000 and canonized saints in 2017 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The apparition of the <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Heavenly Mother</a> in this small village in the district of <a href="/wiki/Santar%C3%A9m_District" title="Santarém District">Santarém</a> has led hundreds of thousands of pilgrims to visit the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Sanctuary of Fátima">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima</a> each year, many in the hope of receiving healing. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Women tended to practice their religion more than men did, as evidenced by <a href="/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance">church attendance</a>. The image of the Virgin, as well as that of Christ, were commonly displayed, even in <a href="/wiki/Labour_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour union">labour union</a> offices or on signs in demonstrations. </p><p>Other aspects of Portuguese folk religion were not approved by the official Church, including <a href="/wiki/Witchcraft" title="Witchcraft">witchcraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">magic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic (paranormal)">sorcery</a>. Formal religion, folk beliefs, and superstition were frequently jumbled together. Particularly in the isolated villages of northern Portugal, belief in witches, witchcraft, and evil spirits was widespread. Some persons believed in the concept of the "<a href="/wiki/Evil_eye" title="Evil eye">evil eye</a>" and feared those who supposedly possessed it. Again, women were the main practitioners. Almost every village had its "seers," practitioners of magic, and "healers." Evil spirits and even <a href="/wiki/Werewolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Werewolves">werewolves</a> were thought to inhabit the mountains and byways, and it was believed that people must be protected from them. Children and young women were thought to be particularly vulnerable to the "evil eye." <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As people became better educated and moved to the city, they lost some of these folk beliefs. But in the city and among educated persons alike, superstition could still be found, even in the early 1990s. Sorcerers, palm readers, and readers of cards had shops, particularly in poorer neighborhoods, but not exclusively so. In short, a strong undercurrent of superstition still remained in Portugal. The formal Church disapproved of superstitious practices but was powerless to do much about them. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In contrast to that of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, Roman Catholicism in Portugal was softer and less intense. The widespread use of folk practices and the humanization of religion made for a loving though remote God, in contrast to the harshness of the Spanish vision. In Portugal, unlike Spain, God and his saints were imagined as forgiving and serene. In Spain, the expressions depicted on the faces of saints and martyrs were painful and anguished; in Portugal they were complacent, calm, and pleasant.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_Christians">Other Christians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other Christians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protestantism">Protestantism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Protestantism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For most of Portugal's history, few non–Roman Catholics lived in the country; those who did could not practice their religion freely. They had been kept out of the country for three centuries by the Inquisition. However, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> began settling in Portugal in the nineteenth century brought other Christian denominations with them. Most belonged to the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, but others were Protestant <a href="/wiki/Methodists" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodists">Methodists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congregationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalists">Congregationalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterians">Presbyterians</a>. The establishment of a constitutional monarchy in 1834 granted limited religious toleration, and consequently led to the opening of an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> chapel (<a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Church,_Lisbon" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Church, Lisbon">St. George's Church, Lisbon</a>). A second chapel was opened in 1868. The Anglican mission coincided with the growing influence of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Catholic">Old Catholic</a> movement in Portugal. Congregations were created from Roman Catholic priests and <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laypeople</a> who refused to accept the dogmas of the <a href="/wiki/Infallibility" title="Infallibility">infallibility</a> and <a href="/wiki/Universal_ordinary_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal ordinary jurisdiction">universal ordinary jurisdiction</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a>, as defined by the <a href="/wiki/First_Vatican_Council" title="First Vatican Council">First Vatican Council</a> in 1870. The <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_Catholic_Apostolic_Evangelical_Church" title="Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church">Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church</a> was formed as a result in 1880 (and has been a member church of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> since 1980); however, laws still restricted the activities of non–Roman Catholics. <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Church,_Lisbon" title="St Andrew's Church, Lisbon">St Andrew's Church, Lisbon</a> - a congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> - was built in 1899. </p><p>The oldest Portuguese-speaking Protestant denomination is the <i>Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana de Portugal</i> (Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Portugal), tracing its origins back to the work of a Scottish missionary on Madeira in the early 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 1990s, only some 50,000 to 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a> lived in Portugal, less than 1 percent of the total population. The 1950s and 1960s saw the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Pentecostals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostals">Pentecostals</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Portugal" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Portugal">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, all of whom increased in numbers more rapidly than the earlier arrivals did. All groups, however, were hampered by prohibitions and restrictions against the free exercise of their religions, especially missionary activities. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>These restrictions were lifted after the Revolution of 1974. The constitution of 1976 guarantees all religions the right to practice their faith. Non–Roman Catholic groups came to be recognized as legal entities with the right to assemble. Portuguese who were both not Roman Catholics and were conscientious objectors had the right to apply for alternative military service. The Roman Catholic Church, however, still sought to place barriers in the way of missionary activities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eastern Orthodoxy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a> is present in small numbers in Portugal, mostly through diaspora from Eastern European countries with a native Eastern Orthodox population. Some are organised through local jurisdictions of their mother churches, most often headed from Spain or other neighbouring countries. These include: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greek_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_Spain_and_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Spain and Portugal (page does not exist)">Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Spain and Portugal</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tropole_orthodoxe_grecque_d%27Espagne_et_du_Portugal" class="extiw" title="fr:Métropole orthodoxe grecque d'Espagne et du Portugal">fr</a>]</span>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> and based in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. It was established in 2003 from part of the <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_France" title="Greek Orthodox Metropolis of France">Greek Orthodox Metropolis of France</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Eparchy_of_Western_Europe" title="Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Western Europe">Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Western Europe</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, has one missionary parish in Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Metropolis_of_Western_and_Southern_Europe" title="Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of Western and Southern Europe">Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of Western and Southern Europe</a>, based in Paris, has an auxiliary bishop in Spain and Portugal.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eparchy_of_Central_and_Western_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eparchy of Central and Western Europe (page does not exist)">Eparchy of Central and Western Europe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Orthodox_Church" title="Bulgarian Orthodox Church">Bulgarian Orthodox Church</a> (with seat in Berlin), has one parish in Portugal.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Geneva_and_Western_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocese of Geneva and Western Europe (page does not exist)">Diocese of Geneva and Western Europe</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Женевская и Западно-Европейская епархия">ru</a>]</span> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia</a>, headed from Geneva by Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Michael_(Donskoff)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael (Donskoff)">Michael (Donskoff)</a>, also has one parish in Portugal.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_in_Spain_and_Portugal_(Moscow_Patriarchate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church in Spain and Portugal (Moscow Patriarchate)">Spanish-Portuguese Exarchate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, based in Madrid, claims 11 parishes in Portugal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established in December 2018 following the <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">rupture of relations between Moscow and Constantinople</a>. The latter had previously cared for Russian parishes through the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Russian_Orthodox_churches_in_Western_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe">Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe</a>, based in Paris.</li></ul> <p>There is also a non-canonical jurisdiction, the <a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_Catholic_Orthodox_Church" title="Lusitanian Catholic Orthodox Church">Lusitanian Catholic Orthodox Church</a>, which defines itself as both <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Catholic">Independent Catholic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>. It does not have any recognition from the canonical jurisdictions above. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_religions">Other religions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisbon_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lisbon_Mosque.jpg/220px-Lisbon_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lisbon_Mosque.jpg/330px-Lisbon_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Lisbon_Mosque.jpg/440px-Lisbon_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Mosque">Lisbon Mosque</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Baháʼí_Faith"><span id="Bah.C3.A1.CA.BC.C3.AD_Faith"></span>Baháʼí Faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Baháʼí Faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Portugal" title="Baháʼí Faith in Portugal">Baháʼí Faith in Portugal</a></div> <p>The first visitor of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> to Portugal was in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-Manha_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manha-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its first Baháʼí <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Assembly#Local_Spiritual_Assemblies" title="Spiritual Assembly">Local Spiritual Assembly</a> was elected in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-Manha_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manha-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962 the Portuguese Baháʼís elected their first <a href="/wiki/Regional_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Baháʼí Council">National Spiritual Assembly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BinW_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BinW-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1963 there were nine assemblies.<sup id="cite_ref-stats_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of the Baháʼí community Ain Portugal was estimated at some 2,100 members in 2010 according to the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a> (relying on <a href="/wiki/World_Christian_Encyclopedia" title="World Christian Encyclopedia">World Christian Encyclopedia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ARDA-10_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARDA-10-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sikhism">Sikhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sikhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Portugal" title="Sikhism in Portugal">Sikhism in Portugal</a></div> <p>Many Sikhs started to emigrate to Portugal since the 1990s from <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a> for work in the agricultural, tourism and manufacturing sectors. Many Sikhs have opened up <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian restaurants</a> around Portugal. The Indian Embassy of Portugal has estimated there to be 35,000 <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>. Many of whom are currently unrecognised in the official census data due to lack of residency documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most Sikhs can be found in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albufeira" title="Albufeira">Albufeira</a> where there are <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">Gurdwaras (Sikh Place of Worship)</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hinduism">Hinduism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hinduism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Portugal" title="Hinduism in Portugal">Hinduism in Portugal</a></div> <p>From the mid-1990s on there was an influx of Hindus of Nepalese origin in Portugal as a result of labour migration originated from that South Asian country. It is also possible to find in the Metropolitan Areas of all the regions several Hare Krishna communities, consisting mainly of non-Portuguese Europeans, Brazilians, US citizens and a few Portuguese. Besides this, there is a Hindu community of approximately 19,471 <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> actually in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which largely traces its origins to Indians who emigrated from the former Portuguese colonies of Lusophone Africa, particularly from Mozambique, and from the former colony of Goa and other possessions in Portuguese India.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hindus in Portugal are, according to the Indian Embassy in Lisbon, mainly Gujaratis (Gujarati is taught at the Hindu Community Cultural Centre in Lisbon), Punjabis and Goans. The majority of the Hindus live in the Lisbon and Porto Metropolitan areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judaism">Judaism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Judaism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">History of the Jews in Portugal</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Jewish community in Portugal</a> numbered between 500 and 1,000 as of the early 1990s. The community was concentrated in Lisbon, and many of its members were foreigners. The persecution of Portuguese Jewry had been so intense that until the twentieth century Portugal had no synagogue or even regular Jewish religious services (the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Synagogue" title="Lisbon Synagogue">Lisbon Synagogue</a> was founded in 1904). The few Jewish Portuguese were hence isolated from the main currents of Judaism. Their community began to revive when larger numbers of foreign Jews (embassy personnel, business people, and technicians) began coming to Portugal in the 1960s and 1970s. In northern Portugal, there are a few villages where <a href="/wiki/Marranos" class="mw-redirect" title="Marranos">Marranos</a>, descendants of Jews who converted to Christianity to avoid persecution and whose religion was a mixture of Judaism and Christianity, still exist (see <a href="/wiki/Belmonte_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Belmonte Jews">Belmonte Jews</a>) numbering several thousand. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal" title="Islam in Portugal">Islam in Portugal</a></div> <p>Portugal's <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal" title="Islam in Portugal">Muslim</a> community consists of a small number of immigrants from Portugal's former colonies in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, and small numbers of recent immigrant workers from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Africa">Northern Africa</a>, mainly <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>. In the 1991 census the number of Muslims in Portugal was under 10,000. The Muslim population in 2019 is approximately 65,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main Mosque in Portugal is the <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisbon Mosque">Lisbon Mosque</a>. The majority of Muslims in the country are <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunnis</a>, followed by approximately 5,000 to 7,000 <a href="/wiki/Nizari_Isma%27ilism" title="Nizari Isma'ilism">Nizari Ismaili Shia Muslims</a>. There is also a limited number of <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Lisbon was chosen to be the global seat of the <a href="/wiki/Nizari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizari">Nizari</a> <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> community; the second largest Shi'a denomination in the world. Their spiritual leader, the <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Aga Khan IV</a>, purchased the historical Mendonça Palace to use as its headquarters, as well as the headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_Foundation" title="Aga Khan Foundation">his foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buddhism">Buddhism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Buddhism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is also a small population of between 50,000 and 80,000 <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> and Buddhist sympathisers (respectively) in Portugal. More than any other non-Christian denomination, and more than any other when it comes to <i>sympathizers</i>. A new Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Vihara" class="mw-redirect" title="Vihara">Vihara</a> called Sumedharama, has been founded in July 2010 and located at north west of Lisbon, near Ericeira.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bacalhôa Buddha Eden Oriental Park, near <a href="/wiki/Bombarral" title="Bombarral">Bombarral</a>, is also a recent Buddhist inspired garden, although not strictly a worshipping place; It was built as a protest to the destruction of the Bamyan Buddhas in Afghanistan in the early 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a small population of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Portugal" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Portugal">Latter Day saints living in Portugal</a>. The Church reports 45,576 members and 67 congregations.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Church also completed and dedicated its first temple in Portugal in 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Irreligion">Irreligion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Irreligion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are between 420,960 and 947,160 (4 to 9% of total population) <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">agnostic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Irreligious" class="mw-redirect" title="Irreligious">irreligious</a> people,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to other sources 6.5% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2021 Census, there were 1,237,130 (14.09%) people who specifically stated they were without religion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_of_the_Holy_Spirit" title="Cult of the Holy Spirit">Cult of the Holy Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries_in_Portugal" title="Dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal">Dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Empire" title="Fifth Empire">Fifth Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman_Catholicism_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Roman Catholicism in Portugal">History of Roman Catholicism in Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastianism" title="Sebastianism">Sebastianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Portugal" title="Hinduism in Portugal">Hinduism in Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Portugal" title="Protestantism in Portugal">Protestantism in Portugal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Portugal&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN">"Census - Final results: Portugal - 2021"</a>. Statistics Portugal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+-+Final+results%3A+Portugal+-+2021&rft.pub=Statistics+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftabulador.ine.pt%2Findicador%2F%3Fid%3D0011644%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020711232529/http://www.ecclesia.pt/rpd/totais.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20020711232529/http://www.ecclesia.pt/rpd/totais.htm</a> also possibly a decrease since then <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dn.pt/portugal/norte/interior/missas-dominicais-perderam-23-mil-fieis-desde-2001-2376179.html">https://www.dn.pt/portugal/norte/interior/missas-dominicais-perderam-23-mil-fieis-desde-2001-2376179.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929083103/http://www.ateismo.net/diario/2007/01/portugal-est-mais-secularizado-do-que.php">"Portugal está mais secularizado do que a Espanha"</a>. Diário Ateísta. 18 January 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ateismo.net/diario/2007/01/portugal-est-mais-secularizado-do-que.php">the original</a> on 2007-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+est%C3%A1+mais+secularizado+do+que+a+Espanha&rft.pub=Di%C3%A1rio+Ate%C3%ADsta&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ateismo.net%2Fdiario%2F2007%2F01%2Fportugal-est-mais-secularizado-do-que.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dn.pt/portugal/portugueses-sao-mais-cristaos-e-vao-mais-a-igreja-do-o-resto-da-europa-9396819.html">Portugueses são mais cristãos e vão mais à igreja do que o resto da Europa ocidental</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2018/10/29/sociedade/noticia/portugal-unico-pais-europa-ocidental-onde-quase-metade-catolicos-acredita-deus-existe-1849285">Portugal é dos países onde mais pessoas garantem que Deus existe</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2017/08/31/five-centuries-after-reformation-catholic-protestant-divide-in-western-europe-has-faded/">Five Centuries After Reformation, Catholic-Protestant Divide in Western Europe Has Faded</a> <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/12/05/how-do-european-countries-differ-in-religious-commitment/"><i>How do European countries differ in religious commitment? Use our interactive map to find out</i></a>. Pew Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+do+European+countries+differ+in+religious+commitment%3F+Use+our+interactive+map+to+find+out&rft.pub=Pew+Research&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2018%2F12%2F05%2Fhow-do-european-countries-differ-in-religious-commitment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.concordatwatch.eu/showtopic.php?org_id=1361&kb_header_id=4131">"Concordat (2004) : Text | Concordat Watch - Portugal"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concordat+%282004%29+%3A+Text+%26%23124%3B+Concordat+Watch+-+Portugal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.concordatwatch.eu%2Fshowtopic.php%3Forg_id%3D1361%26kb_header_id%3D4131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Portugal" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Portugal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN">"Resident population with 15 and more years old (No.) by Place of residence (at the Census 2021 moment) and Religion"</a>. <i>tabulador.ine.pt</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tabulador.ine.pt&rft.atitle=Resident+population+with+15+and+more+years+old+%28No.%29+by+Place+of+residence+%28at+the+Census+2021+moment%29+and+Religion&rft.au=Statistics+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftabulador.ine.pt%2Findicador%2F%3Fid%3D0011644%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_Portugal2022" class="citation web cs1">Statistics Portugal (2022-12-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_publicacoes&PUBLICACOESpub_boui=66196836&PUBLICACOESmodo=2">"Publication "Census - What the Census tell us about the population of foreign nationals residing in Portugal"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Statistics Portugal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Portugal&rft.atitle=Publication+%22Census+-+What+the+Census+tell+us+about+the+population+of+foreign+nationals+residing+in+Portugal%22&rft.date=2022-12-19&rft.au=Statistics+Portugal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_publicacoes%26PUBLICACOESpub_boui%3D66196836%26PUBLICACOESmodo%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_pufs">"Instituto Nacional de Estatística – Portugal (Statistics Portugal) - Census 2021 (5% sample on individuals and dwellings)"</a>. <i>Public use data files</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+use+data+files&rft.atitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estat%C3%ADstica+%E2%80%93+Portugal+%28Statistics+Portugal%29+-+Census+2021+%285%25+sample+on+individuals+and+dwellings%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.pt%2Fxportal%2Fxmain%3Fxpid%3DINE%26xpgid%3Dine_pufs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91134">Santi Beati</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leonard Foley, SAINT OF THE DAY (Cincinnati: St. Anthony Press, 2003) 47,8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/portugal/59.htm">"Portugal - Religious Practices"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+-+Religious+Practices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fportugal%2F59.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.igreja-presbiteriana.org">http://www.igreja-presbiteriana.org</a> IEPP website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/europe/portugal/evangelical-presbyterian-church-of-portugal.html">World Council of Churches' website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dioceseserbe.org/fr/espagne.html">"Espagne et Portugal"</a>. <i>dioceseserbe.org</i>. Diocèse d’Europe occidentale de l'Église orthodoxe serbe. 16 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Kalimat Press. pp. 22, <span class="nowrap">36–</span>38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-890688-11-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-890688-11-0"><bdi>978-1-890688-11-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs+in+the+West&rft.pages=22%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&rft.pub=Kalimat+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-890688-11-0&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx7wyJdyE60oC%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stats_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompiled_by_Hands_of_the_Cause_Residing_in_the_Holy_Land" class="citation web cs1">Compiled by <a href="/wiki/Hands_of_the_Cause" title="Hands of the Cause">Hands of the Cause</a> Residing in the Holy Land. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bahai-library.com/handscause_statistics_1953-63&chapter=1#19">"The Baháʼí Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Baháʼí Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963"</a>. p. 109.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Faith%3A+1844-1963%3A+Information+Statistical+and+Comparative%2C+Including+the+Achievements+of+the+Ten+Year+International+Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD+Teaching+%26+Consolidation+Plan+1953-1963&rft.pages=109&rft.au=Compiled+by+Hands+of+the+Cause+Residing+in+the+Holy+Land&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbahai-library.com%2Fhandscause_statistics_1953-63%26chapter%3D1%2319&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AReligion+in+Portugal" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARDA-10-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARDA-10_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thearda.com/QL2010/QuickList_40.asp">"QuickLists: Most Baha'i Nations (2010)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Religion_Data_Archives" title="Association of Religion Data Archives">Association of Religion Data Archives</a></i>. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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popes">Portuguese popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_Lisbon" title="Patriarch of Lisbon">Patriarch of Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_Braga" title="Ecclesiastical history of Braga">Ecclesiastical history of Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Our Lady of Fátima</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Portugal" title="Protestantism in Portugal">Protestantism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_Catholic_Apostolic_Evangelical_Church" title="Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church">Lusitanian Catholic Apostolic Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belmonte" title="History of the Jews in Belmonte">Belmonte Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_and_Portuguese_Jews" title="Spanish and Portuguese Jews">Spanish and Portuguese Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands">Sephardic Jews in the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Portugal" title="Islam in Portugal">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Portugal" title="Hinduism in Portugal">Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Europe123" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Europe" title="Template:Religion in Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Europe" title="Template talk:Religion in Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this 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Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Abkhazia" title="Religion in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Religion in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Ossetia" title="Religion in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Transnistria" title="Religion in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Religion in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jersey" title="Religion in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Svalbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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