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href="https://www.academia.edu/26492583/Evaluating_a_method_of_assessing_competence_in_Motivational_Interviewing_A_study_using_simulated_patients_in_the_United_Kingdom">Evaluating a method of assessing competence in Motivational Interviewing : A study using simulated patients in the United Kingdom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26492583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca18169b04ae5a0154ac302e6172f5cc" rel="nofollow" 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class="summarized">The purpose of this study was to determine whether a systematic, multiple assessment protocol could increase reporting of prenatal violence compared with a one-time routine assessment. In 1994, the Maternity Care Coordination (MCC)... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14519675" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this study was to determine whether a systematic, multiple assessment protocol could increase reporting of prenatal violence compared with a one-time routine assessment. In 1994, the Maternity Care Coordination (MCC) program in a health department prenatal clinic in North Carolina implemented a concise, systematic assessment protocol on all 384 women who enrolled in the program from April 1994 to April 1995. The protocol assessed for violence at three times during pregnancy using the direct question, &quot;Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or hurt during this pregnancy?&quot; To determine the effectiveness of the system, we retrospectively examined the 1991-1993 MCC records (n = 1056) in which the care coordinators routinely screened all clients for violence at their first visit only. Compared with the routine assessment approach, the new systematic assessment protocol increased reporting of prenatal violence at the initial prenatal visit from 6.3% to 10.9% (relativ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14519675" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4027d4a52f6012b282243d671c4eea47" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44096170,"asset_id":14519675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44096170/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33474088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DiehlSandra">Sandra Diehl</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33474088" type="text/json">{"id":33474088,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Diehl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DiehlSandra","display_name":"Sandra Diehl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DiehlSandra?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14519675">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14519675"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DCovington1">D. 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In 1994, the Maternity Care Coordination (MCC) program in a health department prenatal clinic in North Carolina implemented a concise, systematic assessment protocol on all 384 women who enrolled in the program from April 1994 to April 1995. The protocol assessed for violence at three times during pregnancy using the direct question, \u0026quot;Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or hurt during this pregnancy?\u0026quot; To determine the effectiveness of the system, we retrospectively examined the 1991-1993 MCC records (n = 1056) in which the care coordinators routinely screened all clients for violence at their first visit only. Compared with the routine assessment approach, the new systematic assessment protocol increased reporting of prenatal violence at the initial prenatal visit from 6.3% to 10.9% (relativ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44096170,"asset_id":14519675,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33474088,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Diehl","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DiehlSandra","display_name":"Sandra Diehl","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DiehlSandra?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33534833,"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Covington","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DCovington1","display_name":"D. 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In this article, the authors review the key differences and common features of this family of methods... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77073373" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A central issue in the use of rapid evaluation and assessment methods (REAM) is achieving a balance between speed and trustworthiness. In this article, the authors review the key differences and common features of this family of methods and present a case example that illustrates how evaluators can use rapid evaluation techniques in their own work. In doing so, the authors hope to (a) introduce readers to a family of techniques with which they may be unfamiliar, (b) highlight their strengths and limitations, and (c) suggest appropriate contexts for use. Ultimately, the authors hope that REAM becomes a valuable addition to evaluators&#39; toolkits.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77073373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d7013a8abd4e537ee42aaa40278e5705" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84567501,"asset_id":77073373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84567501/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="174464854" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MilesMcNall">Miles McNall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="174464854" type="text/json">{"id":174464854,"first_name":"Miles","last_name":"McNall","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MilesMcNall","display_name":"Miles McNall","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MilesMcNall?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77073373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77073373"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77073373, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77073373", }); 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In this article, the authors review the key differences and common features of this family of methods and present a case example that illustrates how evaluators can use rapid evaluation techniques in their own work. In doing so, the authors hope to (a) introduce readers to a family of techniques with which they may be unfamiliar, (b) highlight their strengths and limitations, and (c) suggest appropriate contexts for use. 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55212692/Assessment_of_organizational_reliability_capability">Assessment of organizational reliability capability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A reliability capability assessment process can assist OEMs and system integrators in assessing prospective suppliers for their ability to design and manufacture reliable products before they are delivered for use, and on an ongoing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_55212692" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A reliability capability assessment process can assist OEMs and system integrators in assessing prospective suppliers for their ability to design and manufacture reliable products before they are delivered for use, and on an ongoing basis, help a company in ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/55212692" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f16d909966202084474960baf1e645a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71190640,"asset_id":55212692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics">Statistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="892" type="text/json">{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_Chain_Management">Supply Chain Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1335" type="text/json">{"id":1335,"name":"Supply Chain Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_Chain_Management?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1750" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment">Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1750" type="text/json">{"id":1750,"name":"Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2979" type="text/json">{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=55212692]'), work: {"id":55212692,"title":"Assessment of organizational reliability capability","created_at":"2021-10-03T12:10:35.461-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/55212692/Assessment_of_organizational_reliability_capability?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_55212692","summary":"A reliability capability assessment process can assist OEMs and system integrators in assessing prospective suppliers for their ability to design and manufacture reliable products before they are delivered for use, and on an ongoing basis, help a company in ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71190640,"asset_id":55212692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":117278877,"first_name":"Louis","last_name":"Gullo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LouisGullo","display_name":"Louis Gullo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LouisGullo?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":892,"name":"Statistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistics?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":1335,"name":"Supply Chain 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Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing_Engineering?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":123506,"name":"Reliability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reliability?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":132333,"name":"Product Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Product_Development?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":297439,"name":"Components","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Components?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":422088,"name":"Management Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_Practice?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":424347,"name":"Supply Chains","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_Chains?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":758525,"name":"Electronics Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronics_Industry?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23809209" data-work_id="23809209" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23809209/Development_Evaluation_and_Implementation_of_a_Standardised_Fish_based_Assessment_Method_for_the_Ecological_Status_of_European_Rivers_A_Contribution_to_the_Water_Framework_Directive_FAME_">Development, Evaluation & Implementation of a Standardised Fish-based Assessment Method for the Ecological Status of European Rivers - A Contribution to the Water Framework Directive (FAME)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23809209" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b705976c8661be0179b3d1cc27ad8968" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44227262,"asset_id":23809209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44227262/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28918038" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulQuataert">Paul Quataert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28918038" type="text/json">{"id":28918038,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Quataert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulQuataert","display_name":"Paul Quataert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulQuataert?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23809209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23809209"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23809209, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23809209", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_23809209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23809209; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_23809209"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23809209 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23809209"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23809209; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23809209]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23809209").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23809209").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23809209"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4456" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series">Time Series</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4456" type="text/json">{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="145675" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation">Standardisation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="145675" type="text/json">{"id":145675,"name":"Standardisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="157600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Framework_Directive">Water Framework Directive</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="157600" type="text/json">{"id":157600,"name":"Water Framework Directive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Framework_Directive?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="749302" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation">Indexation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="749302" type="text/json">{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23809209]'), work: {"id":23809209,"title":"Development, Evaluation \u0026 Implementation of a Standardised Fish-based Assessment Method for the Ecological Status of European Rivers - A Contribution to the Water Framework Directive (FAME)","created_at":"2016-03-30T03:36:04.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23809209/Development_Evaluation_and_Implementation_of_a_Standardised_Fish_based_Assessment_Method_for_the_Ecological_Status_of_European_Rivers_A_Contribution_to_the_Water_Framework_Directive_FAME_?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_23809209","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44227262,"asset_id":23809209,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28918038,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Quataert","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PaulQuataert","display_name":"Paul Quataert","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PaulQuataert?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4456,"name":"Time Series","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Series?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":145675,"name":"Standardisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":157600,"name":"Water Framework Directive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Framework_Directive?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1195987,"name":"Laboratory Tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratory_Tests?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18299540 coauthored" data-work_id="18299540" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18299540/SME_application_of_LCA_based_carbon_footprints">SME application of LCA‐based carbon footprints</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18299540" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5c8b08ef9a0ee87544c94644d9f4d0c6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39981137,"asset_id":18299540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39981137/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38281770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JessicaMoss3">Jessica Moss</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38281770" type="text/json">{"id":38281770,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Moss","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JessicaMoss3","display_name":"Jessica Moss","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JessicaMoss3?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18299540">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18299540"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AllanEWRennie">Allan E. W. Rennie</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-18299540'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-18299540').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18299540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18299540"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18299540, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18299540", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18299540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18299540; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18299540"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18299540 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18299540"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18299540; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18299540]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18299540").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18299540").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18299540"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42595" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Exchange">Knowledge Exchange</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42595" type="text/json">{"id":42595,"name":"Knowledge Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Exchange?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18299540]'), work: {"id":18299540,"title":"SME application of LCA‐based carbon footprints","created_at":"2015-11-13T12:39:47.480-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18299540/SME_application_of_LCA_based_carbon_footprints?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_18299540","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39981137,"asset_id":18299540,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38281770,"first_name":"Jessica","last_name":"Moss","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JessicaMoss3","display_name":"Jessica Moss","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JessicaMoss3?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38390905,"first_name":"Allan E. W.","last_name":"Rennie","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AllanEWRennie","display_name":"Allan E. W. Rennie","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AllanEWRennie?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":42595,"name":"Knowledge Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge_Exchange?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":44472,"name":"Carbon Footprint","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Footprint?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":96047,"name":"Case Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":288206,"name":"Sustainable Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Engineering?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":313088,"name":"Small and Medium Size Enterprise","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Small_and_Medium_Size_Enterprise?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":646205,"name":"Life Cycle Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Analysis?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":780669,"name":"Input Output","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Input_Output?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1008864,"name":"Economic Growth and Regional Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Growth_and_Regional_Inequality?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1204430,"name":"European Regional Development Fund’","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Regional_Development_Fund?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7271840" data-work_id="7271840" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7271840/Prevalence_of_Mental_Illness_and_Substance_Abuse_Disorders_Among_Incarcerated_Juvenile_Offenders_in_Mississippi">Prevalence of Mental Illness and Substance Abuse Disorders Among Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders in Mississippi</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated juveniles in Mississippi was examined. A total of 482 adolescents completed a diagnostic questionnaire and a subset (N = 317) was assessed with face-to-face semi-structured... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7271840" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated juveniles in Mississippi was examined. A total of 482 adolescents completed a diagnostic questionnaire and a subset (N = 317) was assessed with face-to-face semi-structured interview. Most of the study participants met criteria for one mental disorder, 71–85% depending on assessment method, one-third have co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders. Gender and placement site differences in rates of some psychiatric disorders were also noted. Routine mental health screening should be performed on all juveniles placed in secure detention facilities to identify those who need treatment services.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7271840" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ea988c85f45bea18ba75315e0b96cd3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48543048,"asset_id":7271840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48543048/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3541434" href="https://msstate.academia.edu/JHusain">Jonelle Husain</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3541434" type="text/json">{"id":3541434,"first_name":"Jonelle","last_name":"Husain","domain_name":"msstate","page_name":"JHusain","display_name":"Jonelle Husain","profile_url":"https://msstate.academia.edu/JHusain?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7271840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7271840"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7271840, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7271840", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7271840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7271840; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7271840"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7271840 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7271840"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7271840; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7271840]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7271840").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7271840").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7271840"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="635" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4793" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency">Juvenile Delinquency</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4793" type="text/json">{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7271840]'), work: {"id":7271840,"title":"Prevalence of Mental Illness and Substance Abuse Disorders Among Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders in Mississippi","created_at":"2014-06-05T20:42:37.607-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7271840/Prevalence_of_Mental_Illness_and_Substance_Abuse_Disorders_Among_Incarcerated_Juvenile_Offenders_in_Mississippi?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_7271840","summary":"The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among incarcerated juveniles in Mississippi was examined. A total of 482 adolescents completed a diagnostic questionnaire and a subset (N = 317) was assessed with face-to-face semi-structured interview. Most of the study participants met criteria for one mental disorder, 71–85% depending on assessment method, one-third have co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders. Gender and placement site differences in rates of some psychiatric disorders were also noted. Routine mental health screening should be performed on all juveniles placed in secure detention facilities to identify those who need treatment services.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48543048,"asset_id":7271840,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3541434,"first_name":"Jonelle","last_name":"Husain","domain_name":"msstate","page_name":"JHusain","display_name":"Jonelle Husain","profile_url":"https://msstate.academia.edu/JHusain?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":4793,"name":"Juvenile Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Juvenile_Delinquency?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":22503,"name":"Delinquency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Delinquency?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":28973,"name":"Comorbidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comorbidity?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":35141,"name":"Mental Illness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Illness?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":69859,"name":"Face to Face","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Face_to_Face?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":117060,"name":"Child Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Psychiatry?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":134490,"name":"Mississippi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mississippi?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":171144,"name":"Mental Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorders?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":211445,"name":"Mental Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Disorder?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":301567,"name":"Prisoners","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prisoners?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":413194,"name":"Analysis of Variance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analysis_of_Variance?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50159233" data-work_id="50159233" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50159233/Methods_of_Rapid_Evaluation_Assessment_and_Appraisal">Methods of Rapid Evaluation, Assessment, and Appraisal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50159233" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a748b26f98c5acf1dbcf75effc164d9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68250300,"asset_id":50159233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68250300/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22769" href="https://michiganstate.academia.edu/MilesMcNall">Miles McNall</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22769" type="text/json">{"id":22769,"first_name":"Miles","last_name":"McNall","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"MilesMcNall","display_name":"Miles McNall","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/MilesMcNall?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50159233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50159233"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50159233, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50159233", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_50159233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50159233; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_50159233"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_50159233 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50159233"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50159233; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50159233]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50159233").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50159233").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50159233"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1716" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Research">Action Research</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1716" type="text/json">{"id":1716,"name":"Action Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Research?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62436" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews">Interviews</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62436" type="text/json">{"id":62436,"name":"Interviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73149" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management">Business and Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73149" type="text/json">{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94572" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_methods">Evaluation methods</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="94572" type="text/json">{"id":94572,"name":"Evaluation methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_methods?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50159233]'), work: {"id":50159233,"title":"Methods of Rapid Evaluation, Assessment, and Appraisal","created_at":"2021-07-22T08:43:29.370-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50159233/Methods_of_Rapid_Evaluation_Assessment_and_Appraisal?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_50159233","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68250300,"asset_id":50159233,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22769,"first_name":"Miles","last_name":"McNall","domain_name":"michiganstate","page_name":"MilesMcNall","display_name":"Miles McNall","profile_url":"https://michiganstate.academia.edu/MilesMcNall?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1716,"name":"Action Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Action_Research?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":62436,"name":"Interviews","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":94572,"name":"Evaluation methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation_methods?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":144833,"name":"Validity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Validity?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":153168,"name":"Data Collection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Collection?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":229390,"name":"Real Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Time?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1178762,"name":"Rapid Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rapid_Assessment?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36567242" data-work_id="36567242" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36567242/Assessment_of_first_year_post_graduate_residents_Usefulness_of_multiple_tools">Assessment of first-year post-graduate residents: Usefulness of multiple tools</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36567242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c78d6a62b82dd1b9fe90228e5052e2b9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56493225,"asset_id":36567242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56493225/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67131893" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChenJawWen">Jaw-Wen Chen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67131893" type="text/json">{"id":67131893,"first_name":"Jaw-Wen","last_name":"Chen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ChenJawWen","display_name":"Jaw-Wen Chen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ChenJawWen?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36567242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36567242"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36567242, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36567242", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36567242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36567242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36567242"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36567242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36567242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36567242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36567242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36567242").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { 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Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Measurement?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62445" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Students">Medical Students</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62445" type="text/json">{"id":62445,"name":"Medical Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Students?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36567242]'), work: {"id":36567242,"title":"Assessment of first-year post-graduate residents: Usefulness of multiple 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has been an increasing interest about the role of epistemology for teaching and learning. Prior research suggests that specific types of beliefs teachers... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14931087" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction In the area of Learning Sciences research for the past decade, there has been an increasing interest about the role of epistemology for teaching and learning. Prior research suggests that specific types of beliefs teachers have about the nature of knowledge and learning ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14931087" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5464c973762fd36e49cc1eb7aa3cc433" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43748207,"asset_id":14931087,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43748207/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33920281" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PathakSuneeta">Suneeta A Pathak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33920281" type="text/json">{"id":33920281,"first_name":"Suneeta","last_name":"Pathak","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PathakSuneeta","display_name":"Suneeta A Pathak","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PathakSuneeta?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14931087">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14931087"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://postech.academia.edu/HyojeongSo">Hyo-jeong So</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14931087'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14931087').html(); 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14301829/The_Nature_and_Value_of_Formative_Assessment_for_Learning">The Nature and Value of Formative Assessment for Learning</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14301829" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c2a241fc5d8f180b3abebd3a9d65def" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44342659,"asset_id":14301829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" 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type="text/json">{"id":174347,"name":"Thermal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="224767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Model">Prediction Model</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="224767" type="text/json">{"id":224767,"name":"Prediction Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Model?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17156815]'), work: {"id":17156815,"title":"Assessment Method of Numerical Prediction Models for Combined Heat, Air and Moisture Transfer in Building Components: Benchmarks for One-dimensional Cases","created_at":"2015-10-22T06:20:22.781-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17156815/Assessment_Method_of_Numerical_Prediction_Models_for_Combined_Heat_Air_and_Moisture_Transfer_in_Building_Components_Benchmarks_for_One_dimensional_Cases?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_17156815","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42300232,"asset_id":17156815,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36748456,"first_name":"Bijan","last_name":"Adl-zarrabi","domain_name":"chalmers","page_name":"BijanAdlzarrabi","display_name":"Bijan Adl-zarrabi","profile_url":"https://chalmers.academia.edu/BijanAdlzarrabi?f_ri=1211717","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36748456/20416997/20082947/s65_bijan.adl-zarrabi.jpg"},{"id":44623648,"first_name":"Angela","last_name":"Sasic Kalagasidis","domain_name":"chalmers","page_name":"AngelaSasicKalagasidis","display_name":"Angela Sasic Kalagasidis","profile_url":"https://chalmers.academia.edu/AngelaSasicKalagasidis?f_ri=1211717","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44623648/150627300/140208579/s65_angela.sasic_kalagasidis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25126,"name":"Building Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building_Physics?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":101782,"name":"Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Building?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":174347,"name":"Thermal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thermal?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":224767,"name":"Prediction Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prediction_Model?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67394485" data-work_id="67394485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67394485/Research_Methods_Course_Work_for_Students_Specializing_in_Business_and_Technical_Communication">Research Methods Course Work for Students Specializing in Business and Technical Communication</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Research activity is an integral component in the formation of professions. Evidence shows that business and technical communication specialists conduct research in both academic and practitioner career fields. In other disciplines,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67394485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Research activity is an integral component in the formation of professions. Evidence shows that business and technical communication specialists conduct research in both academic and practitioner career fields. In other disciplines, course work has been recognized as the primary means for preparing students to conduct and consume research. Yet, no publications document the status of research methods course work for U.S. students specializing in business and technical communication. This study provides a descriptive basis for assessing three areas in those courses: research methods topics, required readings, and teaching or assessment methods. An analysis of the results leads to a proposed agenda for preparing students specializing in business and technical communication for their future work roles in both academe and industry.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67394485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ca6edbdcc33a7b38a154ca94dc8e5d86" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78225837,"asset_id":67394485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78225837/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="163041107" href="https://unt.academia.edu/KimCampbell">Kim Campbell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="163041107" type="text/json">{"id":163041107,"first_name":"Kim","last_name":"Campbell","domain_name":"unt","page_name":"KimCampbell","display_name":"Kim Campbell","profile_url":"https://unt.academia.edu/KimCampbell?f_ri=1211717","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/edfb6f9d0235da26bc70a18f5c259abe?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67394485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67394485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67394485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67394485", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=67394485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_67394485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_67394485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="67394485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10332" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technical_Writing">Technical Writing</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10332" type="text/json">{"id":10332,"name":"Technical Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technical_Writing?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=67394485]'), work: {"id":67394485,"title":"Research Methods Course Work for Students Specializing in Business and Technical Communication","created_at":"2022-01-06T08:18:12.452-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/67394485/Research_Methods_Course_Work_for_Students_Specializing_in_Business_and_Technical_Communication?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_67394485","summary":"Research activity is an integral component in the formation of professions. Evidence shows that business and technical communication specialists conduct research in both academic and practitioner career fields. In other disciplines, course work has been recognized as the primary means for preparing students to conduct and consume research. Yet, no publications document the status of research methods course work for U.S. students specializing in business and technical communication. This study provides a descriptive basis for assessing three areas in those courses: research methods topics, required readings, and teaching or assessment methods. An analysis of the results leads to a proposed agenda for preparing students specializing in business and technical communication for their future work roles in both academe and industry.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":78225837,"asset_id":67394485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":163041107,"first_name":"Kim","last_name":"Campbell","domain_name":"unt","page_name":"KimCampbell","display_name":"Kim Campbell","profile_url":"https://unt.academia.edu/KimCampbell?f_ri=1211717","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/edfb6f9d0235da26bc70a18f5c259abe?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":10332,"name":"Technical Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technical_Writing?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":39897,"name":"Business Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Communication?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":158591,"name":"Research Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Method?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":624561,"name":"Intercultural business and technical communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intercultural_business_and_technical_communication?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":800552,"name":"Technical and Business Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technical_and_Business_Writing?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17720027" data-work_id="17720027" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17720027/Fear_avoidance_and_its_consequences_in_chronic_musculoskeletal_pain_a_state_of_the_art">Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In an attempt to explain how and why some individuals with musculoskeletal pain develop a chronic pain syndrome, Lethem et al. (Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JDG, Bentley G. Outline of fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17720027" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In an attempt to explain how and why some individuals with musculoskeletal pain develop a chronic pain syndrome, Lethem et al. (Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JDG, Bentley G. Outline of fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions. Behav Res Ther 1983; 21: 401-408).ntroduced a so-called &amp;#39;fear-avoidance&amp;#39; model. The central concept of their model is fear of pain. &amp;#39;Confrontation&amp;#39; and &amp;#39;avoidance&amp;#39; are postulated as the two extreme responses to this fear, of which the former leads to the reduction of fear over time. The latter, however, leads to the maintenance or exacerbation of fear, possibly generating a phobic state. In the last decade, an increasing number of investigations have corroborated and refined the fear-avoidance model. The aim of this paper is to review the existing evidence for the mediating role of pain-related fear, and its immediate and long-term consequences in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain disability. We first highlight possible precursors of pain-related fear including the role negative appraisal of internal and external stimuli, negative affectivity and anxiety sensitivity may play. Subsequently, a number of fear-related processes will be discussed including escape and avoidance behaviors resulting in poor behavioral performance, hypervigilance to internal and external illness information, muscular reactivity, and physical disuse in terms of deconditioning and guarded movement. We also review the available assessment methods for the quantification of pain-related fear and avoidance. Finally, we discuss the implications of the recent findings for the prevention and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Although there are still a number of unresolved issues which merit future research attention, pain-related fear and avoidance appear to be an essential feature of the development of a chronic problem for a substantial number of patients with musculoskeletal pain.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17720027" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9e9443a98b12b5d0391d61b4529d6df8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42235870,"asset_id":17720027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42235870/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33976300" href="https://kuleuven.academia.edu/JohanVlaeyen">Johan Vlaeyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33976300" type="text/json">{"id":33976300,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Vlaeyen","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"JohanVlaeyen","display_name":"Johan Vlaeyen","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/JohanVlaeyen?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17720027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17720027"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17720027, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17720027", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17720027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17720027; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17720027"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17720027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17720027"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17720027; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17720027]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17720027").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17720027").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17720027"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2898" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain">Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2898" type="text/json">{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3931" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear">Fear</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3931" type="text/json">{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4479" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain">Chronic Pain</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4479" type="text/json">{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64568" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans">Humans</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64568" type="text/json">{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17720027]'), work: {"id":17720027,"title":"Fear-avoidance and its consequences in chronic musculoskeletal pain: a state of the art","created_at":"2015-11-04T02:15:31.462-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17720027/Fear_avoidance_and_its_consequences_in_chronic_musculoskeletal_pain_a_state_of_the_art?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_17720027","summary":"In an attempt to explain how and why some individuals with musculoskeletal pain develop a chronic pain syndrome, Lethem et al. (Lethem J, Slade PD, Troup JDG, Bentley G. Outline of fear-avoidance model of exaggerated pain perceptions. Behav Res Ther 1983; 21: 401-408).ntroduced a so-called \u0026amp;#39;fear-avoidance\u0026amp;#39; model. The central concept of their model is fear of pain. \u0026amp;#39;Confrontation\u0026amp;#39; and \u0026amp;#39;avoidance\u0026amp;#39; are postulated as the two extreme responses to this fear, of which the former leads to the reduction of fear over time. The latter, however, leads to the maintenance or exacerbation of fear, possibly generating a phobic state. In the last decade, an increasing number of investigations have corroborated and refined the fear-avoidance model. The aim of this paper is to review the existing evidence for the mediating role of pain-related fear, and its immediate and long-term consequences in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain disability. We first highlight possible precursors of pain-related fear including the role negative appraisal of internal and external stimuli, negative affectivity and anxiety sensitivity may play. Subsequently, a number of fear-related processes will be discussed including escape and avoidance behaviors resulting in poor behavioral performance, hypervigilance to internal and external illness information, muscular reactivity, and physical disuse in terms of deconditioning and guarded movement. We also review the available assessment methods for the quantification of pain-related fear and avoidance. Finally, we discuss the implications of the recent findings for the prevention and treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Although there are still a number of unresolved issues which merit future research attention, pain-related fear and avoidance appear to be an essential feature of the development of a chronic problem for a substantial number of patients with musculoskeletal pain.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42235870,"asset_id":17720027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33976300,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Vlaeyen","domain_name":"kuleuven","page_name":"JohanVlaeyen","display_name":"Johan Vlaeyen","profile_url":"https://kuleuven.academia.edu/JohanVlaeyen?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2898,"name":"Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":3931,"name":"Fear","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fear?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":4479,"name":"Chronic Pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Pain?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":97269,"name":"Chronic Disease","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chronic_Disease?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":118600,"name":"Pain Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pain_Perception?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":153785,"name":"Musculoskeletal pain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Musculoskeletal_pain?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":427041,"name":"Anxiety Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anxiety_Sensitivity?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29900606" data-work_id="29900606" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29900606/Relation_of_self_efficacy_beliefs_to_academic_outcomes_A_meta_analytic_investigation">Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29900606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/StephenBrown35">Stephen Brown</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33938852" type="text/json">{"id":33938852,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Brown","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StephenBrown35","display_name":"Stephen Brown","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StephenBrown35?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29900606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29900606"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29900606, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29900606", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29900606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" 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data-card-contents-for-ri="2243" type="text/json">{"id":2243,"name":"Counseling Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling_Psychology?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21747" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design">Experimental Design</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21747" type="text/json">{"id":21747,"name":"Experimental Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37905" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling">Counseling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="37905" type="text/json">{"id":37905,"name":"Counseling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Counseling?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11133328" data-work_id="11133328" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11133328/The_toxicity_of_copper_cadmium_and_zinc_to_four_different_Hydra_Cnidaria_Hydrozoa_">The toxicity of copper, cadmium and zinc to four different Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An acute toxicity study of three metals to Hydra species carried out using two different assessment methods, (i) determination of the LC50 and (ii) measurement of progressive morphological changes, demonstrated that relative toxicity... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11133328" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An acute toxicity study of three metals to Hydra species carried out using two different assessment methods, (i) determination of the LC50 and (ii) measurement of progressive morphological changes, demonstrated that relative toxicity decreased from copper to cadmium with zinc the least toxic for all species. The latter method revealed more details of the effect on Hydra in terms of physical damage to the polyp but both methods indicated that H. viridissima was more sensitive to copper and cadmium than H. vulgaris1 (Zurich strain, male clone), H. vulgaris2 (a dioecious strain reproducing sexually and asexually) and H. oligactis (dioecious, reproducing sexually and asexually). The responses to zinc were similar for all Hydra. The possible role of metabolic interactions between H. viridissima and its symbiotic green algae in contributing to the greater sensitivity of this polyp is discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11133328" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2b05a88a294e8d3a990512b5e25b7a9e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46871717,"asset_id":11133328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46871717/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26887786" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WanchamaiKarntanut">Wanchamai Karntanut</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26887786" type="text/json">{"id":26887786,"first_name":"Wanchamai","last_name":"Karntanut","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WanchamaiKarntanut","display_name":"Wanchamai Karntanut","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WanchamaiKarntanut?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11133328 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11133328"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11133328, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11133328", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11133328]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11133328").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11133328").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11133328"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7043" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis">Symbiosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7043" type="text/json">{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80692" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper">Copper</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80692" type="text/json">{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="99234" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals">Animals</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="99234" type="text/json">{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11133328]'), work: {"id":11133328,"title":"The toxicity of copper, cadmium and zinc to four different Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)","created_at":"2015-02-27T00:33:30.411-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11133328/The_toxicity_of_copper_cadmium_and_zinc_to_four_different_Hydra_Cnidaria_Hydrozoa_?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_11133328","summary":"An acute toxicity study of three metals to Hydra species carried out using two different assessment methods, (i) determination of the LC50 and (ii) measurement of progressive morphological changes, demonstrated that relative toxicity decreased from copper to cadmium with zinc the least toxic for all species. The latter method revealed more details of the effect on Hydra in terms of physical damage to the polyp but both methods indicated that H. viridissima was more sensitive to copper and cadmium than H. vulgaris1 (Zurich strain, male clone), H. vulgaris2 (a dioecious strain reproducing sexually and asexually) and H. oligactis (dioecious, reproducing sexually and asexually). The responses to zinc were similar for all Hydra. The possible role of metabolic interactions between H. viridissima and its symbiotic green algae in contributing to the greater sensitivity of this polyp is discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46871717,"asset_id":11133328,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26887786,"first_name":"Wanchamai","last_name":"Karntanut","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WanchamaiKarntanut","display_name":"Wanchamai Karntanut","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WanchamaiKarntanut?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7043,"name":"Symbiosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Symbiosis?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":80692,"name":"Copper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":158165,"name":"Zinc","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zinc?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":161076,"name":"Green Algae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_Algae?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":213907,"name":"Cadmium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadmium?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":802213,"name":"Lethal Dose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lethal_Dose?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":980394,"name":"Acute Toxicity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Acute_Toxicity?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1014763,"name":"Chlorophyta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chlorophyta?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1015552,"name":"Hydra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hydra?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15461028" data-work_id="15461028" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15461028/A_comparative_life_cycle_assessment_study_of_polyethylene_based_on_sugarcane_and_crude_oil">A comparative life cycle assessment study of polyethylene based on sugarcane and crude oil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15461028" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a5f6a0b389af65bbde4ee5db7e9e939f" rel="nofollow" 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Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43996" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change">Land Use Change</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43996" type="text/json">{"id":43996,"name":"Land Use Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15461028]'), work: {"id":15461028,"title":"A comparative life cycle 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Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":43996,"name":"Land Use Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Use_Change?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":121414,"name":"Ethanol Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethanol_Production?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":123865,"name":"Global warming potential","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_warming_potential?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":168694,"name":"Polyethylene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyethylene?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":213782,"name":"Renewable Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Resources?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":251651,"name":"Environmental Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Impact?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":316233,"name":"Crude Oil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crude_Oil?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":380824,"name":"Ozone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ozone?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1714028,"name":"Long Distance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Long_Distance?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7252267" data-work_id="7252267" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7252267/The_Nature_and_Value_of_Formative_Assessment_for_Learning">The Nature and Value of Formative Assessment for Learning</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7252267" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c1cf1d743db687b4bd00ce072522e011" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48548810,"asset_id":7252267,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48548810/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="12637046" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WiliamWiliam">Wiliam Wiliam</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="12637046" type="text/json">{"id":12637046,"first_name":"Wiliam","last_name":"Wiliam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WiliamWiliam","display_name":"Wiliam Wiliam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WiliamWiliam?f_ri=1211717","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12637046/3601811/4225409/s65_wiliam.wiliam.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7252267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7252267"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7252267, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7252267", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7252267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7252267; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7252267"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7252267 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7252267"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7252267; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7252267]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7252267").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7252267").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7252267"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4414" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_Assessment">Formative Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4414" type="text/json">{"id":4414,"name":"Formative Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_Assessment?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="124971" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems">Education Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="124971" type="text/json">{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="171438" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unpublished">Unpublished</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="171438" type="text/json">{"id":171438,"name":"Unpublished","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unpublished?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1211717" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods">Assessment Methods</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1211717" type="text/json">{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7252267]'), work: {"id":7252267,"title":"The Nature and Value of Formative Assessment for Learning","created_at":"2014-06-04T00:08:51.035-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7252267/The_Nature_and_Value_of_Formative_Assessment_for_Learning?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_7252267","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48548810,"asset_id":7252267,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12637046,"first_name":"Wiliam","last_name":"Wiliam","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WiliamWiliam","display_name":"Wiliam Wiliam","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WiliamWiliam?f_ri=1211717","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12637046/3601811/4225409/s65_wiliam.wiliam.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4414,"name":"Formative Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formative_Assessment?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":124971,"name":"Education Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Systems?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":171438,"name":"Unpublished","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unpublished?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8282632" data-work_id="8282632" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8282632/The_International_Prevalence_Study_on_Physical_Activity_results_from_20_countries">The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: results from 20 countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important factors for improving population health, but no standardised systems exist for international surveillance. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8282632" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important factors for improving population health, but no standardised systems exist for international surveillance. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed for international surveillance. The purpose of this study was a comparative international study of population physical activity prevalence across 20 countries. Methods Between 2002–2004, a standardised protocol using IPAQ was used to assess PA participation in 20 countries [total N = 52,746, aged 18–65 years]. The median survey response rate was 61%. Physical activity levels were categorised as "low", "moderate" and "high". Age-adjusted prevalence estimates are presented by sex. Results The prevalence of "high PA" varied from 21–63%; in eight countries high PA was reported for over half of the adult population. The prevalence of "low PA" varied from 9% to 43%. Males more frequently reported high PA than females in 17 of 20 countries. The prevalence of low PA ranged from 7–41% among males, and 6–49% among females. Gender differences were noted, especially for younger adults, with males more active than females in most countries. Markedly lower physical activity prevalence (10% difference) with increasing age was noted in 11 of 19 countries for males, but only in three countries for women. The ways populations accumulated PA differed, with some reporting mostly vigorous intensity activities and others mostly walking. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of international PA surveillance, and showed that IPAQ is an acceptable surveillance instrument, at least within countries. If assessment methods are used consistently over time, trend data will inform countries about the success of their efforts to promote physical activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8282632" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f024d58bfb7e2d67206ea2a1c7f490e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48155718,"asset_id":8282632,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48155718/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16435769" href="https://uwa.academia.edu/FionaBull">Fiona Bull</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16435769" type="text/json">{"id":16435769,"first_name":"Fiona","last_name":"Bull","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"FionaBull","display_name":"Fiona Bull","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/FionaBull?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8282632 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8282632"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8282632, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8282632", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8282632 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8282632; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8282632"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8282632 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8282632"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8282632; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8282632]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8282632").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8282632").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8282632"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9112" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity">Physical Activity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9112" type="text/json">{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9467" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Health">Population Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9467" type="text/json">{"id":9467,"name":"Population Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Health?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="113812" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Difference">Gender Difference</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="113812" type="text/json">{"id":113812,"name":"Gender Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Difference?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8282632]'), work: {"id":8282632,"title":"The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: results from 20 countries","created_at":"2014-09-10T22:26:28.032-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8282632/The_International_Prevalence_Study_on_Physical_Activity_results_from_20_countries?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_8282632","summary":"Background Physical activity (PA) is one of the most important factors for improving population health, but no standardised systems exist for international surveillance. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed for international surveillance. The purpose of this study was a comparative international study of population physical activity prevalence across 20 countries. Methods Between 2002–2004, a standardised protocol using IPAQ was used to assess PA participation in 20 countries [total N = 52,746, aged 18–65 years]. The median survey response rate was 61%. Physical activity levels were categorised as \"low\", \"moderate\" and \"high\". Age-adjusted prevalence estimates are presented by sex. Results The prevalence of \"high PA\" varied from 21–63%; in eight countries high PA was reported for over half of the adult population. The prevalence of \"low PA\" varied from 9% to 43%. Males more frequently reported high PA than females in 17 of 20 countries. The prevalence of low PA ranged from 7–41% among males, and 6–49% among females. Gender differences were noted, especially for younger adults, with males more active than females in most countries. Markedly lower physical activity prevalence (10% difference) with increasing age was noted in 11 of 19 countries for males, but only in three countries for women. The ways populations accumulated PA differed, with some reporting mostly vigorous intensity activities and others mostly walking. Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of international PA surveillance, and showed that IPAQ is an acceptable surveillance instrument, at least within countries. If assessment methods are used consistently over time, trend data will inform countries about the success of their efforts to promote physical activity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48155718,"asset_id":8282632,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":16435769,"first_name":"Fiona","last_name":"Bull","domain_name":"uwa","page_name":"FionaBull","display_name":"Fiona Bull","profile_url":"https://uwa.academia.edu/FionaBull?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":9467,"name":"Population Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Health?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":113812,"name":"Gender Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Difference?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":145675,"name":"Standardisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standardisation?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":1211717,"name":"Assessment Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessment_Methods?f_ri=1211717"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23517995" data-work_id="23517995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23517995/Discrepancies_between_self_and_observer_ratings_of_depression">Discrepancies between self and observer ratings of depression</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography">Demography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="310" type="text/json">{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2599" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics">Psychometrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2599" type="text/json">{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2621" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education">Higher Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2621" type="text/json">{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality">Personality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2672" type="text/json">{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23517995]'), work: {"id":23517995,"title":"Discrepancies between self and observer ratings of depression","created_at":"2016-03-21T08:13:18.002-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23517995/Discrepancies_between_self_and_observer_ratings_of_depression?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_23517995","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43953709,"asset_id":23517995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45533322,"first_name":"Derrick","last_name":"Larsen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DerrickLarsen","display_name":"Derrick Larsen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DerrickLarsen?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2621,"name":"Higher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Higher_Education?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":67516,"name":"Affective Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Disorders?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":73785,"name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment_Inventory?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":75072,"name":"Neuroticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroticism?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":77794,"name":"Major Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Major_Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":96446,"name":"Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Measurement?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":157943,"name":"Depressive Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depressive_Disorder?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":195969,"name":"Beck Depression Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Beck_Depression_Inventory?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":239280,"name":"Self Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Evaluation?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":245071,"name":"Rating Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rating_Scale?f_ri=1211717"},{"id":298035,"name":"Validity and 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19212958 coauthored" data-work_id="19212958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19212958/A_comparative_and_critical_evaluation_of_odour_assessment_methods_on_a_landfill_site">A comparative and critical evaluation of odour assessment methods on a landfill site</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19212958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="abb8c7b0e71998afd29299ef9f53306c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40494308,"asset_id":19212958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40494308/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2Njg1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39440913" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SSironi">S. Sironi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39440913" type="text/json">{"id":39440913,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Sironi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSironi","display_name":"S. Sironi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SSironi?f_ri=1211717","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-19212958">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-19212958"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://polimi.academia.edu/RenatoRosso">Renato Rosso</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-19212958'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-19212958').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19212958 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19212958"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19212958, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19212958", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19212958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19212958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19212958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19212958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="55" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering">Environmental Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="55" type="text/json">{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2442" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Science">Atmospheric Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2442" type="text/json">{"id":2442,"name":"Atmospheric Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Science?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60285" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_sciences">Atmospheric sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60285" type="text/json">{"id":60285,"name":"Atmospheric sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_sciences?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="100842" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Nose">Electronic Nose</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="100842" type="text/json">{"id":100842,"name":"Electronic Nose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_Nose?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19212958]'), work: {"id":19212958,"title":"A comparative and critical evaluation of odour assessment methods on a landfill site","created_at":"2015-11-30T00:10:10.752-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19212958/A_comparative_and_critical_evaluation_of_odour_assessment_methods_on_a_landfill_site?f_ri=1211717","dom_id":"work_19212958","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40494308,"asset_id":19212958,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39440913,"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Sironi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SSironi","display_name":"S. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/15214752/Strategic_Business_and_IT_Alignment_Assessment_A_Case_Study_Applying_an_Enterprise_Architecture_Based_Metamodel">Strategic Business and IT Alignment Assessment: A Case Study Applying an Enterprise Architecture-Based Metamodel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15214752" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f773dbb0c71166efe54c2a7ed34e90cc" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2073" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anger">Anger</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2073" type="text/json">{"id":2073,"name":"Anger","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anger?f_ri=1211717","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17553970]'), work: {"id":17553970,"title":"The Utility of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory With 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