CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Louis the German - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1562c9fc-a2b2-4391-a455-0ebac12af2fe","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Louis_the_German","wgTitle":"Louis the German","wgCurRevisionId":1257358766,"wgRevisionId":1257358766,"wgArticleId":47153,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: generic name","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from June 2023","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text","Year of birth uncertain","9th-century births","876 deaths","9th-century kings of East Francia","9th-century dukes of Bavaria","Frankish warriors","Kings of Bavaria", "Dukes of Maine","Burials at Lorsch Abbey","Rebel princes","Sons of emperors"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Louis_the_German","wgRelevantArticleId":47153,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q152463","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media", "ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1333"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="889"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="711"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Louis the German - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_German"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_German"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Louis_the_German rootpage-Louis_the_German skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Louis+the+German" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Louis+the+German" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Louis+the+German" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Louis+the+German" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rebellious_son" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rebellious_son"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Rebellious son</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rebellious_son-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_war_and_aftermath,_840–844" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_war_and_aftermath,_840–844"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Civil war and aftermath, 840–844</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_war_and_aftermath,_840–844-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_with_Charles_the_Bald" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_with_Charles_the_Bald"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conflicts with Charles the Bald</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_with_Charles_the_Bald-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisio_regni_among_the_sons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisio_regni_among_the_sons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Divisio regni</i> among the sons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisio_regni_among_the_sons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Louis'_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Louis'_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Louis' Rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Louis'_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nickname_"the_German"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nickname_"the_German""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nickname "the German"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nickname_"the_German"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Marriage and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Louis the German</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewyk_die_Duitser" title="Lodewyk die Duitser – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lodewyk die Duitser" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_der_Deutsche" title="Ludwig der Deutsche – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ludwig der Deutsche" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لودفيش الجرماني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لودفيش الجرماني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86" title="لوئی ژرمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوئی ژرمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA_II_%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Людовік II Нямецкі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Людовік II Нямецкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лудвиг Немски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лудвиг Немски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovik_Njema%C4%8Dki" title="Ludovik Njemački – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ludovik Njemački" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loeiz_Germania" title="Loeiz Germania – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Loeiz Germania" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_el_Germ%C3%A0nic" title="Lluís el Germànic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lluís el Germànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_II._N%C4%9Bmec" title="Ludvík II. Němec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ludvík II. Němec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_yr_Almaenwr" title="Louis yr Almaenwr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louis yr Almaenwr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_den_Tyske" title="Ludvig den Tyske – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ludvig den Tyske" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_der_Deutsche" title="Ludwig der Deutsche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ludwig der Deutsche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Sakslane" title="Ludwig Sakslane – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ludwig Sakslane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Λουδοβίκος ο Γερμανικός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουδοβίκος ο Γερμανικός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_el_Germ%C3%A1nico" title="Luis el Germánico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luis el Germánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludoviko_la_Germano" title="Ludoviko la Germano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ludoviko la Germano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_II.a_Germaniarra" title="Luis II.a Germaniarra – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luis II.a Germaniarra" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86" title="لوئی ژرمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئی ژرمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_le_Germanique" title="Louis le Germanique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Louis le Germanique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loadewyk_de_D%C3%BAtser" title="Loadewyk de Dútser – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Loadewyk de Dútser" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lughaidh_Gearm%C3%A1nach" title="Lughaidh Gearmánach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lughaidh Gearmánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lois_o_Xerm%C3%A1nico" title="Lois o Xermánico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lois o Xermánico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%84%EB%B9%84%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4_2%EC%84%B8_%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88%EC%BF%A0%EC%8A%A4" title="루도비쿠스 2세 게르마니쿠스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루도비쿠스 2세 게르마니쿠스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_Njema%C4%8Dki" title="Ludvig Njemački – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ludvig Njemački" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_si_Jerman" title="Ludwig si Jerman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ludwig si Jerman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovico_II_il_Germanico" title="Ludovico II il Germanico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ludovico II il Germanico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99" title="לודוויג הגרמני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לודוויג הגרמני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%92_II_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლუდვიგ II გერმანელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუდვიგ II გერმანელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_(rex_Francorum_orientalium)" title="Ludovicus (rex Francorum orientalium) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus (rex Francorum orientalium)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_den_D%C3%A4itschen" title="Ludwig den Däitschen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ludwig den Däitschen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Lajos_keleti_frank_kir%C3%A1ly" title="II. Lajos keleti frank király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Lajos keleti frank király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="لودفيش الجرمانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لودفيش الجرمانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_de_Duitser" title="Lodewijk de Duitser – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lodewijk de Duitser" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%922%E4%B8%96_(%E6%9D%B1%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E7%8E%8B)" title="ルートヴィヒ2世 (東フランク王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルートヴィヒ2世 (東フランク王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_di_Sjiisk" title="Ludwig di Sjiisk – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ludwig di Sjiisk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_den_tyske" title="Ludvig den tyske – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ludvig den tyske" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_den_tyske" title="Ludvig den tyske – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ludvig den tyske" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_II_d%27Dgermannie" title="Louis II d'Dgermannie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Louis II d'Dgermannie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_II_Niemiecki" title="Ludwik II Niemiecki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludwik II Niemiecki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs,_o_Germ%C3%A2nico" title="Luís, o Germânico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luís, o Germânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovic_Germanul" title="Ludovic Germanul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ludovic Germanul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_II_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Людовик II Немецкий – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Людовик II Немецкий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Louis the German" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDudov%C3%ADt_II._(V%C3%BDchodofransk%C3%A1_r%C3%AD%C5%A1a)" title="Ľudovít II. (Východofranská ríša) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľudovít II. (Východofranská ríša)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvik_Nem%C5%A1ki" title="Ludvik Nemški – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ludvik Nemški" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3_II_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Лудвиг II Немачки – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лудвиг II Немачки" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Njema%C4%8Dki" title="Ludwig Njemački – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ludwig Njemački" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_Saksalainen" title="Ludvig Saksalainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ludvig Saksalainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludvig_den_tyske" title="Ludvig den tyske – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ludvig den tyske" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ลูทวิชชาวเยอรมัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูทวิชชาวเยอรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Louis_(Do%C4%9Fu_Frank_kral%C4%B1)" title="II. Louis (Doğu Frank kralı) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Louis (Doğu Frank kralı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA_II_%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Людовик II Німецький – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людовик II Німецький" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c" title="Ludwig Người Đức – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ludwig Người Đức" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewyk_den_Duuts" title="Lodewyk den Duuts – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Lodewyk den Duuts" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93" title="日耳曼人路易 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日耳曼人路易" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q152463#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Louis_the_German" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Louis_the_German" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Louis_the_German" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&oldid=1257358766" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Louis_the_German&id=1257358766&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLouis_the_German"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLouis_the_German"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Louis_the_German&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_the_German" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Louis_II" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q152463" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of East Francia from 843 to 876</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Louis the German</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg/220px-Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg/330px-Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="421" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Louis's seal with an effigy of the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a>. The inscription reads "XPE PROTEGE HLUDOICUM REGEM" meaning – "O Christ, protect King Louis!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200672–73_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200672–73-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_East_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of East Francia">King of East Francia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10 August 843 – 28 August 876</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman of Bavaria</a> (Bavaria)<br /><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a> (Saxony)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> (Swabia)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 806</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 August 876<br /><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Lorsch Abbey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hemma" title="Hemma">Emma of Altdorf</a><br />(m. 827; d. 876)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman of Bavaria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_of_Hesbaye" title="Ermengarde of Hesbaye">Ermengarde of Hesbaye</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Signum_manus" title="Signum manus">Signum manus</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="notpageimage infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis the German's signature"><img alt="Louis the German's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG/125px-Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG" decoding="async" width="125" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG/188px-Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG/250px-Signatur_Ludwig_der_Deutsche.PNG 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="230" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Francia_843.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/East_Francia_843.svg/220px-East_Francia_843.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/East_Francia_843.svg/330px-East_Francia_843.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/East_Francia_843.svg/440px-East_Francia_843.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>The East Frankish Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Louis the German</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Ludwig der Deutsche</i>; c. 806<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutton199092_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutton199092-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECostambeysInnesMacLean2011xx_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECostambeysInnesMacLean2011xx-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/810<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 28 August 876), also known as <b>Louis II of Germany</b> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i>Ludwig II. von Deutschland</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first king of <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>, and ruled from 843 to 876 AD. Grandson of emperor <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> and the third son of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>, emperor of <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, and his first wife, <a href="/wiki/Ermengarde_of_Hesbaye" title="Ermengarde of Hesbaye">Ermengarde of Hesbaye</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993145_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993145-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he received the appellation <i>Germanicus</i> shortly after his death, when East Francia became known as the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">kingdom of Germany</a>. </p><p>After protracted clashes with his father and his brothers, Louis received the East Frankish kingdom in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> (843). His attempts to conquer his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>'s West Frankish kingdom in 858–59 were unsuccessful. The 860s were marked by a severe crisis, with the East Frankish rebellions of the sons, as well as struggles to maintain supremacy over his realm. In the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Meerssen" title="Treaty of Meerssen">Treaty of Meerssen</a> he acquired <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a> for the East Frankish kingdom in 870. On the other hand, he tried and failed to claim both the title of Emperor and Italy. In the East, Louis was able to reach a longer-term peace agreement in 874 after decades of conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Moravians" title="Moravians">Moravians</a>. His rule shows a marked decline in creation of written administration and government documents, a trend that would continue into <a href="/wiki/Ottonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottonian">Ottonian</a> times.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His early years were partly spent at the court of his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, whose special affection he is said to have won. When the emperor Louis the Pious divided his dominions between his sons in 817, Louis was made the ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a>, following the practice of emperor Charlemagne of bestowing a local kingdom to a close family member who then would serve as his lieutenant and local governor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993147_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993147-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis ruled from <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>, the old capital of the <a href="/wiki/Bavarians#History" title="Bavarians">Bavarii</a>. In 825 he became involved in wars with the <a href="/wiki/Wends" title="Wends">Wends</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorbs" title="Sorbs">Sorbs</a> on his eastern frontier. In 827, he married <a href="/wiki/Hemma" title="Hemma">Hemma</a>, sister of his stepmother <a href="/wiki/Judith_of_Bavaria_(died_843)" title="Judith of Bavaria (died 843)">Judith of Bavaria</a>, both daughters of <a href="/wiki/Welf_(father_of_Judith)" title="Welf (father of Judith)">Welf</a>, whose possessions ranged from <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> to <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. </p><p>It was not until 826 that Louis first came to rule <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 828 and 829 he undertook two campaigns against the Bulgarians who wanted to penetrate into Pannonia without great success. During his time as Unterkönig, he tried to extend his rule to the Rhine-Main area.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rebellious_son">Rebellious son</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rebellious son"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His involvement in the first civil war against his father's reign was limited, but in the second his elder brothers, <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>, then <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">King of Italy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pepin_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin I of Aquitaine">Pepin I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Duke of Aquitaine">Duke of Aquitaine</a>, persuaded him to invade <a href="/wiki/Alamannia" title="Alamannia">Alamannia</a> which their father had given to their young half-brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>, by promising to give him the land in the new partition they would make after a victory. In 832 he led an army of <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> into Alamannia, but was driven back by his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993154_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993154-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis the Pious disinherited him, but to no effect; the emperor was soon captured by his own rebellious sons and deposed. Upon his swift reinstatement, however, the emperor Louis made peace with his son Louis and legally restored Bavaria (never actually lost) to him in 836. </p><p>Louis was the instigator of the third civil war, which began in 839. A strip of his land having been given to the young half-brother Charles, Louis invaded Alamannia again. This time emperor Louis responded quickly, and soon the younger Louis was forced into the far southeastern corner of his realm, the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Pannonia" title="March of Pannonia">March of Pannonia</a>. Peace was then made by force of arms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_war_and_aftermath,_840–844"><span id="Civil_war_and_aftermath.2C_840.E2.80.93844"></span>Civil war and aftermath, 840–844</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Civil war and aftermath, 840–844"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png/220px-Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png/330px-Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png/440px-Treaty_of_Verdun_843.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Lands divided by the Treaty of Verdun</figcaption></figure> <p>When the emperor Louis died in 840, and <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> claimed the whole Empire, Louis allied with <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>, and defeated Lothair I and their nephew <a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II of Aquitaine</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Pepin_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin I of Aquitaine">Pepin I of Aquitaine</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fontenoy_(841)" title="Battle of Fontenoy (841)">Battle of Fontenoy</a> in June 841.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993161–162_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993161–162-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both sides suffered heavy casualties. According to <a href="/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses">the Annals of Fulda</a>, it was the biggest bloodbath the Franks had experienced since time immemorial.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, it was Louis's last battle in the struggle for the unification of the kingdom. </p><p>In June 842 the three brothers met on an island in the river <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Saône">Saône</a> to negotiate a peace and each appointed forty representatives to arrange the boundaries of their respective kingdoms. This developed into the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a>, concluded by 10 August 843, by which Louis received the bulk of the lands lying east of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a>), together with a district around <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Worms,_Germany" title="Worms, Germany">Worms</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a>, on the left bank of the river (see also <a href="/wiki/Oaths_of_Strasbourg" title="Oaths of Strasbourg">Oaths of Strasbourg</a> 842). His territories included Bavaria (where he made <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> the centre of his government), <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a>. </p><p>Louis may be called the founder of the <a href="/wiki/German_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="German kingdom">German kingdom</a>, though his attempts to maintain the unity of the Empire proved futile. Having in 842 crushed the <i><a href="/wiki/Stellinga" title="Stellinga">Stellinga</a></i> rising in Saxony,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006112_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006112-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 844 he compelled the <a href="/wiki/Obotrites" title="Obotrites">Obotrites</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton195731_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton195731-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to accept his authority and put their prince, Gozzmovil, to death. <a href="/wiki/Thachulf,_Duke_of_Thuringia" title="Thachulf, Duke of Thuringia">Thachulf, Duke of Thuringia</a>, then undertook campaigns against the <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Moravia" title="Great Moravia">Moravians</a>, and other tribes, but was not very successful in resisting the ravaging <a href="/wiki/Vikings" title="Vikings">Vikings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflicts_with_Charles_the_Bald">Conflicts with Charles the Bald</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conflicts with Charles the Bald"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg/220px-Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg/330px-Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg/440px-Wandalbert_%C2%B7_Pr%C3%BCm_%C2%B7_Martyrolog%C4%ADum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wandelbert" title="Wandelbert">Wandelbert</a> presents his martyrology to a king, probably Louis the German, in a 9th-century illustration</figcaption></figure> <p>In 852 Louis sent his son <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a> to <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, where nobles had grown resentful of Charles the Bald's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The younger Louis did not set out until 854, and returned the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter201371_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter201371-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting from 853 Louis made repeated attempts to gain the throne of <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a>, which, according to the <i>Annals of <a href="/wiki/Fulda" title="Fulda">Fulda</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses">Annales Fuldenses</a></i>), the people of that country offered him in their disgust with the cruel misrule of Charles the Bald. Encouraged by his nephews <a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Peppin II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles of Provence</a>, Louis invaded in West Francia in 858. Charles the Bald could not even raise an army to resist the invasion and fled to <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>. Later that year Louis issued a charter dated "the first year of the reign in West Francia." However, treachery and desertion in his army, and the continued loyalty of the Aquitanian bishops to Charles the Bald, brought about the failure of the whole enterprise. As such on 7 June 860 at <a href="/wiki/Koblenz" title="Koblenz">Koblenz</a>, both Louis and Charles made public vows to uphold the peace.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993174_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993174-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the emperor <a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a> died in 855, Louis and Charles for a time cooperated in plans to divide Lothair's possessions between themselves, the only impediments to this being Lothair's sons and heirs—<a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a> (who received <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II of Italy</a> (who held the imperial title and the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Crown_of_Lombardy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Crown of Lombardy">Iron Crown of Lombardy</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles of Provence</a>. In 868 at <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> Louis and Charles agreed to partition <a href="/wiki/Lotharingia" title="Lotharingia">Lotharingia</a>. When Lothair II died in 869, Louis was lying seriously ill, and his armies were engaged in a war with the Moravians. Charles the Bald quickly seized Lothair's lands, but Louis, having recovered, compelled him by threat of war to agree to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Meerssen" title="Treaty of Meerssen">Treaty of Meerssen</a>, which divided Lothair's lands among all the claimants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993199_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993199-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Divisio_regni_among_the_sons"><i>Divisio regni</i> among the sons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Divisio regni among the sons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg/220px-Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg/330px-Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg/440px-Torhalle_Kloster_Lorsch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Carolingian gatehouse (<i>Torhalle</i>) to <a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Lorsch Abbey</a>, where Louis the German was buried</figcaption></figure> <p>The later years of Louis the German were troubled by rebellions of his sons. The eldest, <a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman of Bavaria</a>, revolted in 861 and again two years later. This was followed by the second son <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a>, who was joined by his brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a>. In 864 Louis was forced to grant Carloman the kingdom of Bavaria, which he himself had once held under his father. In 865 he divided the remainder of his lands—<a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a> with <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> went to Louis the Younger and <a href="/wiki/Swabia" title="Swabia">Swabia</a> with <a href="/wiki/Raetia" title="Raetia">Raetia</a> to Charles the Fat. </p><p>In May 868, Louis convoked a <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Worms_(868)" title="Synod of Worms (868)">synod at Worms</a> to deal with the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Photian_schism" title="Photian schism">Photian schism</a> and to get the church's support against Moravia. </p><p>A report that the <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Emperor Louis II</a> had died in Italy led to a peace between father and sons and attempts by Louis the German to gain the imperial crown for his oldest son Carloman. These efforts were thwarted by Louis II, who was in fact not dead, and Louis' old adversary, Charles the Bald. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg/220px-Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg/330px-Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg/440px-Psalter_Ludwigs_des_Deutschen_-_f120r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>Contemporary illustration from the <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German_Psalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis the German Psalter">Louis the German Psalter</a> depicting Louis (bottom) genuflecting at Christ on the cross</figcaption></figure> <p>In the years 872 and 873, ambassadors of the Eastern Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Basil_I" title="Basil I">Basil I</a> came to Louis in Regensburg and showed that his rule was perceived as far as Constantinople. After the death of Emperor Louis II in August 875, Louis tried to win the emperorship for himself and his descendants. For this purpose, Abbot Sigihard von Fulda undertook a trip to Rome to <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_VIII" title="Pope John VIII">Pope John VIII</a>. On 18 May 876 he returned to Ingelheim and reported to Louis that, in December 875, Charles the Bald had been able to obtain the title of emperor by a swift move to Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His wife Hemma visited Louis for the last time in May 875. In 874 she had lost her voice as a result of a stroke. During his stay, he donated the <a href="/wiki/Berg_im_Donaugau_Abbey" title="Berg im Donaugau Abbey">Berg im Donaugau Abbey</a> to the Marienkapelle, which he built.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hemma died at the end of January 876 in Regensburg. Louis then died after a short illness on 28 August 876 in his palace in Frankfurt. The following day he was buried by his son Louis in Lorsch Abbey. However, according to Wilfried Hartmann, it cannot be determined with certainty whether the dead man in his sarcophagus is the Carolingian king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann200262_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann200262-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Louis' death, Charles the Bald tried to win over the Eastern kingdom as well. However, Louis the Younger defeated him on 8 October 876 at Andernach with a squad of Franks, Saxons and Thuringians. One year later, Charles the Bald died as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Louis'_Rule"><span id="Louis.27_Rule"></span>Louis' Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Louis' Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As there exist only 172 royal documents from 50 years of reign, it is impossible to create a detailed picture of Louis' whereabouts in the East Frankish kingdom. By comparison, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> had 18 certificates created per year, and his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a> had 12 produced annually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pattern of not producing many documents lasts for several months at certain times. For example, it is completely uncertain where the East Frankish king stayed between June 849 and July 850.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least 52 documents are addressed to Bavarian beneficiaries. However, the intensity of the documentary production for Bavarian recipients steadily decreased during his reign. </p><p>As former <a href="/wiki/Stem_duchy" title="Stem duchy">stem duchy</a>, the Rhine-Main area contained Frankfurt, Mainz and Worms, and had plenty of <a href="/wiki/Kaiserpfalz" title="Kaiserpfalz">Imperial Palaces</a> and treasuries. Since it was located in the geographic centre of the East Frankish kingdom, it was easily accessible by road. As a result, it was the region in which most East Frankish synods and imperial assemblies were hosted.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nickname_"the_German""><span id="Nickname_.22the_German.22"></span>Nickname "the German"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Nickname "the German""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louis was only nicknamed "the German" in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann20021_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann20021-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary West Frankish sources called Louis <i>rex Germaniae</i> ("King of Germania") or <i>rex Germanorum</i> ("King of the Teutons"). However, in this context, Germania or Germani does not mean "Germany" or "the Germans", but, as in ancient Latin, the area on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> outside the former Roman Empire and its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporaries gave Louis the epithet pius (pious) or piissimus (very pious). The contemporary coinage called him HLUDOVICUS PIUS REX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Marriage and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Louis was married to <a href="/wiki/Hemma" title="Hemma">Hemma</a> (died 31 January 876),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeary200646_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeary200646-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they had: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_(abbess_of_Fraum%C3%BCnster)" title="Hildegard (abbess of Fraumünster)">Hildegard</a> (828–856),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> abbess of <a href="/wiki/Fraumunster" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraumunster">Fraumunster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman of Bavaria</a> (829–880),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutton199092_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutton199092-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irmgard_of_Chiemsee" title="Irmgard of Chiemsee">Irmgard of Chiemsee</a> also known as Ermengard (died 866)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Louis, having established two of his other daughters as abbesses of convents, appointed Irmgard (also known as Ermengard) to govern first the <a href="/wiki/Buchau_Abbey" title="Buchau Abbey">monastery of Buchau</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Frauenchiemsee" title="Frauenchiemsee">royal abbey of Chiemsee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. She is commemorated as a saint on 17 July.)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalsh2007282_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalsh2007282-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gisela, possibly died in childhood<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a> (835–882)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bertha (died 877)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> (839–888)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993187_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993187-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sometimes <a href="/wiki/Anglicized" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicized">anglicized</a> <b>Lewis</b>, in German <b>Ludwig</b>. The Frankish pronunciation was like <i>Hlu-do-vig</i>. The name literally means "famous battle". A contemporary source, <a href="/wiki/Ermoldus_Nigellus" title="Ermoldus Nigellus">Ermoldus Nigellus</a>, gives its two components as <i>Hluto</i>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/praeclarum" class="extiw" title="wikt:praeclarum">praeclarum</a>, and <i>Wigch</i>, <a href="/wiki/Mars_(mythology)" title="Mars (mythology)">Mars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Numbered after <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>. He should not be confused with <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_the_Stammerer" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II the Stammerer">Louis II the Stammerer</a>, king of France, nor <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II the Younger">Louis II the Younger</a>, king of Italy, both grandsons of the same Louis I.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200672–73-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200672–73_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>, pp. 72–73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg200626–27_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutton199092-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutton199092_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutton199092_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDutton1990">Dutton 1990</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECostambeysInnesMacLean2011xx-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECostambeysInnesMacLean2011xx_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCostambeysInnesMacLean2011">Costambeys, Innes & MacLean 2011</a>, p. xx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993145-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993145_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrudentius861" class="citation book cs1">Prudentius (861). <i>Annals of St. Bertin</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annals+of+St.+Bertin&rft.date=861&rft.au=Prudentius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993147-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993147_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutinger" class="citation book cs1">Deutinger, Roman. <i>Hludovicus rex Baioariae. Zur Rolle Bayerns in der Politik Ludwigs des Deutschen</i>. Darmstadt. pp. 47–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hludovicus+rex+Baioariae.+Zur+Rolle+Bayerns+in+der+Politik+Ludwigs+des+Deutschen&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.pages=47-66&rft.aulast=Deutinger&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993154-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993154_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993161–162-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993161–162_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 161–162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg1995" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Eric Joseph (1995). <i>Popular revolt, dynastic politics, and aristocratic factionalism in the early Middle Ages. The Saxon Stellinga reconsidered</i>. Speculum. pp. 467–501.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+revolt%2C+dynastic+politics%2C+and+aristocratic+factionalism+in+the+early+Middle+Ages.+The+Saxon+Stellinga+reconsidered.&rft.pages=467-501&rft.pub=Speculum&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDisputed_Author841" class="citation book cs1">Disputed Author (841). <i>Annales Fuldenses</i>. Abbey House of Fulda.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+Fuldenses&rft.pub=Abbey+House+of+Fulda&rft.date=841&rft.au=Disputed+Author&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006112-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldberg2006112_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldberg2006">Goldberg 2006</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton195731-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton195731_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton1957">Gwatkin et al. 1957</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick1999175_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKitterick1999">McKitterick 1999</a>, p. 175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter201371-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter201371_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2013">Reuter 2013</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993174-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993174_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993199-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993199_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann2002120–122_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartmann2002">Hartmann 2002</a>, p. 120–122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilfried Hartmann: Ludwig der Deutsche – Portrait eines wenig bekannten Königs. In: Wilfried Hartmann (Hrsg.): Ludwig der Deutsche und seine Zeit. Darmstadt 2004, S. 1–26, hier: S. 7f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann200262-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann200262_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartmann2002">Hartmann 2002</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutinger2002" class="citation book cs1">Deutinger, Roman (2002). <i>Hludovicus rex Baioariae. Zur Rolle Bayerns in der Politik Ludwigs des Deutschen</i>. Darmstadt. p. 55.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hludovicus+rex+Baioariae.+Zur+Rolle+Bayerns+in+der+Politik+Ludwigs+des+Deutschen&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Darmstadt&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Deutinger&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutinger2006" class="citation book cs1">Deutinger, Roman (2006). <i>Königsherrschaft im Ostfränkischen Reich. Eine pragmatische Verfassungsgeschichte der späten Karolingerzeit</i>. Ostfildern.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6nigsherrschaft+im+Ostfr%C3%A4nkischen+Reich.+Eine+pragmatische+Verfassungsgeschichte+der+sp%C3%A4ten+Karolingerzeit&rft.pub=Ostfildern&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Deutinger&rft.aufirst=Roman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHartmann20021-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHartmann20021_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHartmann2002">Hartmann 2002</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeuenich2000" class="citation book cs1">Geuenich, Dieter (2000). <i>Ludwig "der Deutsche" und die Entstehung des ostfränkischen Reiches</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ludwig+%22der+Deutsche%22+und+die+Entstehung+des+ostfr%C3%A4nkischen+Reiches&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Geuenich&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeary200646-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGeary200646_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeary2006">Geary 2006</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitt1996119_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmitt1996">Schmitt 1996</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalsh2007282-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalsh2007282_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalsh2007">Walsh 2007</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiche1993187-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiche1993187_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiche1993">Riche 1993</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostambeysInnesMacLean2011" class="citation book cs1">Costambeys, Marios; Innes, Matthew; MacLean, Simon (2011). <i>The Carolingian World</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carolingian+World&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Costambeys&rft.aufirst=Marios&rft.au=Innes%2C+Matthew&rft.au=MacLean%2C+Simon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutton1990" class="citation book cs1">Dutton, Paul Edward (1990). "Beyond the Topos of Senescense: The Political Problems of Aged Carolingian Rulers". In Sheehan, Michael M. (ed.). <i>Aging and the Aged in Medieval Europe</i>. Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Topos+of+Senescense%3A+The+Political+Problems+of+Aged+Carolingian+Rulers&rft.btitle=Aging+and+the+Aged+in+Medieval+Europe&rft.pub=Pontifical+Institute+of+Medieval+Studies&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=Paul+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeary2006" class="citation book cs1">Geary, Patrick J. (2006). <i>Women at the Beginning: Origin Myths from the Amazons to the Virgin Mary</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+at+the+Beginning%3A+Origin+Myths+from+the+Amazons+to+the+Virgin+Mary&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Geary&rft.aufirst=Patrick+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Eric Joseph (2006). <i>Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict Under Louis the German, 817–876</i>. Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Struggle+for+Empire%3A+Kingship+and+Conflict+Under+Louis+the+German%2C+817%E2%80%93876&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Eric+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton1957" class="citation book cs1">Gwatkin, Henry Melvill; Whitney, James Pounder; Tanner, Joseph Robson; Previté-Orton, Charles William; Brooke, Zachary Nugent, eds. (1957). <i>The Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Vol. 3. Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann2002" class="citation book cs1">Hartmann, Wilfried (2002). <i>Ludwig der Deutsche</i>. Darmstadt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ludwig+der+Deutsche&rft.place=Darmstadt&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=Wilfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick1999" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond (1999). <i>The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians</i>. Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Frankish+Kingdoms+under+the+Carolingians&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuter2013" class="citation book cs1">Reuter, Timothy (2013). <i>Germany in the Early Middle Ages C. 800–1056</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+in+the+Early+Middle+Ages+C.+800%E2%80%931056&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiche1993" class="citation book cs1">Riche, Pierre (1993). <i>The Carolingians: A Family who Forged Europe</i>. Translated by Allen, Michael Idomir. University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carolingians%3A+A+Family+who+Forged+Europe&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Riche&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitt1996" class="citation book cs1">Schmitt, Miriam (1996). "St. Irmengard: No Poor on the Isle of Chiemsee". In Kulzer, Linda; Schmitt, Miriam (eds.). <i>Medieval Women Monastics: Wisdom's Wellsprings</i>. Liturgical Press. pp. 117–136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St.+Irmengard%3A+No+Poor+on+the+Isle+of+Chiemsee&rft.btitle=Medieval+Women+Monastics%3A+Wisdom%27s+Wellsprings&rft.pages=117-136&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2007" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Michael J. (2007). <i>A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West</i>. Liturgical Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+Dictionary+of+Saints%3A+East+and+West&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louis_the_German" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Louis the German">Louis the German</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D118863746">Literature by and about Louis the German</a> in the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library" title="German National Library">German National Library</a> catalogue</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_de/suche.php?thes=Ludwig+%3COstfr%C3%A4nkisches+Reich%2C+K%C3%B6nig%2C+II.%3E+%28826-876%29">Publications on Louis the German</a> in the Opac of the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regesta_Imperii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regesta Imperii (page does not exist)">Regesta Imperii</a></i></li> <li>Deed by Louis the German for St. Emmeram Abbey in Regensburg, 18 August 831, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lba.hist.uni-marburg.de/lba-cgi/kleioc/0010KlLBA/exec/showrecord/zugangsnummer/%221182%22">"digitalised image"</a>. <i>Photograph Archive of Old Original Documents (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden</i></span>)</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Marburg" title="University of Marburg">University of Marburg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Photograph+Archive+of+Old+Original+Documents+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22German-language+text%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22de%22%3ELichtbildarchiv+%C3%A4lterer+Originalurkunden%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+German-language+text%29&rft.atitle=digitalised+image&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flba.hist.uni-marburg.de%2Flba-cgi%2Fkleioc%2F0010KlLBA%2Fexec%2Fshowrecord%2Fzugangsnummer%2F%25221182%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+the+German" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Louis II of East Francia</div><div><b><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> c. 806/810</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 28 August 876</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Younger" title="Charles the Younger">Charles the Younger</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Maine">Duke of Maine</a> </b><br />811–817 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="4">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_the_Pious" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis I the Pious">Louis I the Pious</a></div><i><b>as King of the Franks </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Bavaria">King of Bavaria</a> </b><br />817–843 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></div><i><b>as King of Bavaria </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_East_Francia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of East Francia">King of East Francia</a> </b><br />843–876 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Louis_III_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis III the Younger">Louis III the Younger</a></div><i><b>as King of Saxony </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_the_Fat" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles III the Fat">Charles III the Fat</a></div><i><b>as King of Swabia </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" title="Richard of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dukes_of_Bavaria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dukes_of_Bavaria" title="Template:Dukes of Bavaria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dukes_of_Bavaria" title="Template talk:Dukes of Bavaria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes_of_Bavaria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dukes of Bavaria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dukes_of_Bavaria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Bavaria">Dukes of Bavaria</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzogtum_Oberbayern" class="extiw" title="de:Herzogtum Oberbayern">Upper Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzogtum_Niederbayern" class="extiw" title="de:Herzogtum Niederbayern">Lower Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria-Ingolstadt" title="Bavaria-Ingolstadt">Bavaria-Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria-Landshut" title="Bavaria-Landshut">Bavaria-Landshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria-Munich" title="Bavaria-Munich">Bavaria-Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavaria-Straubing" title="Bavaria-Straubing">Bavaria-Straubing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garibald_I_of_Bavaria" title="Garibald I of Bavaria">Garibald I</a> <i>(555–591)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassilo_I_of_Bavaria" title="Tassilo I of Bavaria">Tassilo I</a> <i>(591–610)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibald_II_of_Bavaria" title="Garibald II of Bavaria">Garibald II</a> <i>(610–625)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodo_of_Bavaria" title="Theodo of Bavaria">Theodo</a> <i>(c.680–716)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodbert_of_Bavaria" title="Theodbert of Bavaria">Theodbert</a> <i>(c.716–c.719)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bavaria" title="Theobald of Bavaria">Theobald</a> <i>(c.716–c.719)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassilo_II_of_Bavaria" title="Tassilo II of Bavaria">Tassilo II</a> <i>(c.716–c.719)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_of_Bavaria" title="Grimoald of Bavaria">Grimoald</a> <i>(715–725)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugbert_of_Bavaria" title="Hugbert of Bavaria">Hugbert</a> <i>(725–736)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odilo,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Odilo, Duke of Bavaria">Odilo</a> <i>(736–748)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a> <i>(748)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tassilo_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Tassilo III, Duke of Bavaria">Tassilo III</a> <i>(748–788)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis II the German</a> <i>(King: 817–843)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a> <i>(King: 876–880)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis III the Younger</a> <i>(King: 880–882)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> <i>(King: 882–887)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engeldeo" title="Engeldeo">Engeldeo</a> <i>(Margrave: 890–895)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luitpold,_Margrave_of_Bavaria" title="Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria">Luitpold</a> <i>(Margrave: 895–907)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a> <i>(907–937)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Eberhard, Duke of Bavaria">Eberhard</a> <i>(937–938)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Berthold, Duke of Bavaria">Berthold</a> <i>(938–947)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry I, Duke of Bavaria">Henry I</a> <i>(947–955)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry II, Duke of Bavaria">Henry II the Quarrelsome</a> <i>(955–976, 985–995)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Duke_of_Swabia_and_Bavaria" title="Otto I, Duke of Swabia and Bavaria">Otto I</a> <i>(976–982)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry III, Duke of Bavaria">Henry III the Younger</a> <i>(983–985)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a> <i>(995–1004, 1009–1017)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry V, Duke of Bavaria">Henry V</a> <i>(1004–1009, 1017–1026)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a> <i>(1026–1042)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry VII, Duke of Bavaria">Henry VII</a> <i>(1042–1047)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Conrad I, Duke of Bavaria">Conrad I</a> <i>(1049–1053)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VIII</a> <i>(1053–1054, 1055–1061)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Conrad II, Duke of Bavaria">Conrad II</a> <i>(1054–1055)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Nordheim" title="Otto of Nordheim">Otto of Nordheim</a> <i>(1061–1070)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welf_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Welf I, Duke of Bavaria">Welf I</a> <i>(1070–1077, 1096–1101)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VIII</a> <i>(1077–1096)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welf_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Welf II, Duke of Bavaria">Welf II</a> <i>(1101–1120)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IX,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria">Henry IX the Black</a> <i>(1120–1126)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Proud" title="Henry the Proud">Henry X</a> <i>(1126–1138)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Leopold, Duke of Bavaria">Leopold I</a> <i>(1139–1141)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Austria" title="Henry II, Duke of Austria">Henry XI Jasomirgott</a> <i>(1143–1156)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Lion" title="Henry the Lion">Henry XII the Lion</a> <i>(1156–1180)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto I, Duke of Bavaria">Otto the Redhead</a> <i>(1180–1183)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Loon" title="Agnes of Loon">Agnes of Loon</a> <i>(Regent: 1183–1191)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis I, Duke of Bavaria">Louis I</a> <i>(1183–1231)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto II, Duke of Bavaria">Otto the Illustrious</a> <i>(1231–1253)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis II, Duke of Bavaria">Louis II the Strict</a> <i>(1253–1255; Upper: 1255–1294)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_XIII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria">Henry XIII</a> <i>(Lower: 1253–1290)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis III, Duke of Bavaria">Louis III</a> <i>(Lower: 1290–1296)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria">Stephen I</a> <i>(Lower: 1290–1310)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto III, Duke of Bavaria">Otto III</a> <i>(Lower: 1290–1312)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_Habsburg" title="Matilda of Habsburg">Matilda</a> <i>(Upper: Regent: 1294–1302)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria">Rudolph I</a> <i>(Upper: 1294–1317)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_XV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry XV, Duke of Bavaria">Henry XV the Natternberger</a> <i>(Lower: 1312–1333)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Duke_of_Lower_Bavaria" title="Otto IV, Duke of Lower Bavaria">Otto VI</a> <i>(Lower: 1310–1334)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_XIV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry XIV, Duke of Bavaria">Henry XIV</a> <i>(Lower: 1310–1339)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John I, Duke of Bavaria">John I the Child</a> <i>(Lower: 1339–1340)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a> <i>(Upper: 1301–1340; 1340–1347)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Otto V, Duke of Bavaria">Otto V</a>, <i>(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1351; Landshut: 1373–1379)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis V, Duke of Bavaria">Louis V the Brandenburger</a>, <i>(1347–1349; Upper: 1349–1361)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meinhard_III,_Count_of_Gorizia-Tyrol" title="Meinhard III, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol">Meinhard I</a> <i>(Upper: 1361–1363)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Louis II, Elector of Brandenburg">Louis VI</a>, <i>(1347–1365)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria">Stephen II</a>, <i>(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Landshut: 1353–1375; Upper: 1363)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William I, Duke of Bavaria">William I</a>, <i>(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1388)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert I, Duke of Bavaria">Albert I</a>, <i>(1347–1349; Lower: 1349–1353; Straubing: 1353–1404)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert II, Duke of Bavaria">Albert II</a> <i>(Straubing: 1389–1397)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William II, Duke of Bavaria">William II</a> <i>(Straubing: 1404–1417)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline,_Countess_of_Hainaut" title="Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut">Jacqueline</a> <i>(Straubing: 1417-1429)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John III, Duke of Bavaria">John III the Pitiless</a> <i>(Straubing: 1417-1425)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William III, Duke of Bavaria">William III</a> <i>(Munich: 1397–1435; Straubing: 1429–1435)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Ernest, Duke of Bavaria">Ernest</a> <i>(Munich: 1397–1438; Straubing: 1429–1438)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Frederick, Duke of Bavaria">Frederick I the Wise</a> <i>(1375–1392; Landshut: 1392–1393)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John II, Duke of Bavaria">John II</a> <i>(1375–1392; Munich: 1392–1397)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria">Stephen III the Magnificent</a> <i>(1375–1392; Ingolstadt: 1392–1413)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria">Louis VII the Bearded</a> <i>(Ingolstadt: 1413–1443)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis VIII, Duke of Bavaria">Louis VIII the Hunchback</a> <i>(Ingolstadt: 1443–1445)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_XVI,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Henry XVI, Duke of Bavaria">Henry XVI the Rich</a> <i>(Landshut: 1393–1450; Ingolstadt: 1447–1450)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_III,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert III, Duke of Bavaria">Albert III</a> <i>(Munich: 1438–1460)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="John IV, Duke of Bavaria">John IV</a> <i>(Munich: 1460–1463)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria">Sigismund</a> <i>(Munich: 1460–1467; Dachau: 1467–1501)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria">Louis IX the Rich</a> <i>(Landshut: 1450–1479)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="George, Duke of Bavaria">George I the Rich</a> <i>(Landshut: 1479–1503)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria">Albert IV the Wise</a> <i>(Munich: 1465–1505; 1505–1508)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William IV, Duke of Bavaria">William IV the Steadfast</a> <i>(Munich: 1460–1508; Landshut: 1503–1508; 1508–1550)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_X,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis X, Duke of Bavaria">Louis X</a>, Duke <i>(1516–1545)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Albert V, Duke of Bavaria">Albert V the Magnanimous</a> <i>(1550–1579)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="William V, Duke of Bavaria">William V the Pious</a> <i>(1579–1597)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I</a> <i>(1597–1623)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pippinids,_Arnulfings_and_Carolingians" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Carolingians_footer" title="Template:Carolingians footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Carolingians_footer" title="Template talk:Carolingians footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carolingians_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carolingians footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pippinids,_Arnulfings_and_Carolingians" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids, Arnulfings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><small>Legend: → ≡ "father of",  <b>·</b>  ≡ "brother of"</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Begga" title="Begga">Begga</a>, the daughter of Pepin I, married Ansegisel, the son of Arnulf of Metz, and was the mother of Pepin II.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Pippinids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Carloman → <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Landen" title="Pepin of Landen">Pepin I</a> → <a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald I</a> → <a href="/wiki/Childebert_the_Adopted" title="Childebert the Adopted">Childebert the Adopted</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pippinids" title="Pippinids">Arnulfings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_Arnulf_of_Metz_→_Chlodulf_of_Metz_*_Ansegisel_→_Pepin_II,_his_sons"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Metz" title="Arnulf of Metz">Arnulf of Metz</a> → <a href="/wiki/Chlodulf_of_Metz" title="Chlodulf of Metz">Chlodulf of Metz</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ansegisel" title="Ansegisel">Ansegisel</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Herstal" title="Pepin of Herstal">Pepin II</a>, his sons</b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Champagne" title="Drogo of Champagne">Drogo</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arnulf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Rouen_(died_730)" title="Hugh of Rouen (died 730)">Hugh of Champagne</a></li> <li>Godfrey</li> <li>Pepin</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/125px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/188px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png/250px-Steuben_-_Bataille_de_Poitiers.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1316" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grimoald_the_Elder" title="Grimoald the Elder">Grimoald I</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theudoald" title="Theudoald">Theudoald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Martel" title="Charles Martel">Charles Martel</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_(mayor_of_the_palace)" title="Carloman (mayor of the palace)">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grifo_(noble)" title="Grifo (noble)">Grifo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard,_son_of_Charles_Martel" title="Bernard, son of Charles Martel">Bernard</a></li> <li>Jerome</li> <li>Remigius</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Childebrand_I" title="Childebrand I">Childebrand I</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nibelung I → <i><a href="/wiki/Nibelungids" title="Nibelungids">Nibelungids</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early<br /><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Sons_of_Charles_Martel"><b>Sons of Charles Martel</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman, Mayor of the Palace">Carloman</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drogo,_Mayor_of_the_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Drogo, Mayor of the Palace">Drogo</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charlemagne_coin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Charlemagne_coin.JPG/125px-Charlemagne_coin.JPG" decoding="async" width="125" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Charlemagne_coin.JPG/188px-Charlemagne_coin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/45/Charlemagne_coin.JPG/250px-Charlemagne_coin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepin_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepin III">Pepin III</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Hunchback" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepin the Hunchback">Pepin the Hunchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Younger" title="Charles the Younger">Charles the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a></li> <li>Lothair</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drogo_of_Metz" title="Drogo of Metz">Drogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_(abbot_of_Saint-Quentin)" title="Hugh (abbot of Saint-Quentin)">Hugh</a></li> <li>Theoderic</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pepin</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pepin</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bernard,_son_of_Charles_Martel" title="Bernard, son of Charles Martel">Bernard</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wala_of_Corbie" title="Wala of Corbie">Wala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalard_of_Corbie" title="Adalard of Corbie">Adalhard</a></li> <li>Bernhar</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian<br />Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="Sons_of_Charlemagne"><b>Sons of Charlemagne</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard</a> → <a href="/wiki/Pepin,_Count_of_Vermandois" title="Pepin, Count of Vermandois">Pepin, Count of Vermandois</a> → <i><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Vermandois" title="Count of Vermandois">Counts of Vermandois</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg/125px-Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg/188px-Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg/250px-Ludwik_I_Pobo%C5%BCny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a>,<br />sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Sens" title="Arnulf of Sens">Arnulf of Sens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis II of Italy</a> → <a href="/wiki/Ermengard_of_Italy" title="Ermengard of Italy">Ermengard</a> → <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis the Blind</a> → <i><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II" title="Lothair II">Lothair II</a> → <a href="/wiki/Hugh,_Duke_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh, Duke of Alsace">Hugh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Provence" title="Charles of Provence">Charles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pepin_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin I of Aquitaine">Pepin I</a>, son</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Pepin II of Aquitaine">Pepin II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Louis the German</a>,<br />sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a> → <a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a> → <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwentibold" title="Zwentibold">Zwentibold</a> → Godfrey</li> <li>Otto<br /><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a> → Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Saxony" title="Hugh of Saxony">Hugh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a> → <a href="/wiki/Bernard_(son_of_Charles_the_Fat)" title="Bernard (son of Charles the Fat)">Bernard</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold</a> → Adalbert</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles the Bald</a>,<br />sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis the Stammerer</a> → <a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_II" title="Carloman II">Carloman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Child" title="Charles the Child">Charles the Child</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Carloman,_son_of_Charles_the_Bald" title="Carloman, son of Charles the Bald">Carloman</a><br />Lothair the Lame</li> <li>Drogo</li> <li>Pepin</li> <li>Charles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West<br />Francia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="West_Francia_was_in_the_hands_of_the_Robertians_from_888_until_898._It_was_the_last_Carolingian_kingdom.">West Francia was in the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Robertians" title="Robertians">Robertians</a> from 888 until 898. It was the last Carolingian kingdom.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles the Simple</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a></li> <li>Arnulf</li> <li>Drogo</li> <li>Rorico</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_Chinon_954,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/125px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/188px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg/250px-Denier_Chinon_954%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="231" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair IV</a></li> <li>Charles</li> <li>Louis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine">Charles of Lorraine</a></li> <li>Henry</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair IV</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_(archbishop_of_Reims)" title="Arnulf (archbishop of Reims)">Arnulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine">Charles of Lorraine</a>, sons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto,_Duke_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Otto, Duke of Lower Lorraine">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_of_Lower_Lorraine" title="Louis of Lower Lorraine">Louis</a></li> <li>Charles</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152463#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152463#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152463#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012139414X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/73878516">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/238254/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJghrHfPPRfk8DvKWVPJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118863746">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88666609">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120822395">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120822395">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073675083">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810586751805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/48427">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007278858005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118863746.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118863746">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/073367133">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/020773">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&oldid=1257358766">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&oldid=1257358766</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_births" title="Category:9th-century births">9th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:876_deaths" title="Category:876 deaths">876 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_kings_of_East_Francia" title="Category:9th-century kings of East Francia">9th-century kings of East Francia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_dukes_of_Bavaria" title="Category:9th-century dukes of Bavaria">9th-century dukes of Bavaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Frankish_warriors" title="Category:Frankish warriors">Frankish warriors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_Bavaria" title="Category:Kings of Bavaria">Kings of Bavaria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Maine" title="Category:Dukes of Maine">Dukes of Maine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_at_Lorsch_Abbey" title="Category:Burials at Lorsch Abbey">Burials at Lorsch Abbey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rebel_princes" title="Category:Rebel princes">Rebel princes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sons_of_emperors" title="Category:Sons of emperors">Sons of emperors</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2023">Use dmy dates from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_uncertain" title="Category:Year of birth uncertain">Year of birth uncertain</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 November 2024, at 14:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louis_the_German&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-l9mbf","wgBackendResponseTime":139,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.803","walltime":"1.043","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6511,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":157338,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7683,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":95871,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 888.133 1 -total"," 17.51% 155.543 18 Template:Cite_book"," 14.41% 127.987 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.35% 127.444 1 Template:Infobox_royalty"," 12.86% 114.190 1 Template:LBALink"," 12.57% 111.606 1 Template:Cite_web"," 12.44% 110.479 1 Template:Infobox"," 12.04% 106.896 1 Template:Lang"," 11.23% 99.702 8 Template:Navbox"," 10.28% 91.289 28 Template:Sfn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.497","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23744868,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFCostambeysInnesMacLean2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutinger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutinger2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeutinger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDisputed_Author841\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDutton1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeary2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeuenich2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGwatkinWhitneyTannerPrevité-Orton1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHartmann2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKitterick1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrudentius861\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuter2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiche1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmitt1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalsh2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Carolingians footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 18,\n [\"Clarify\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Louis the German\"] = 1,\n [\"DNB-Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Dukes of Bavaria\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 2,\n [\"German monarchs\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox royalty\"] = 1,\n [\"LBALink\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 4,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 2,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hou\"] = 1,\n [\"S-reg\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 28,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-qj8wl","timestamp":"20241128021113","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Louis the German","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_the_German","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q152463","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q152463","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-04-02T09:59:35Z","dateModified":"2024-11-14T14:29:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/28\/Ludwig_der_Deutsche.jpg","headline":"King of East Francia from 843 to 876"}</script> </body> </html>