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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_to_Isabel,_1231–1240" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_to_Isabel,_1231–1240"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Marriage to Isabel, 1231–1240</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_to_Isabel,_1231–1240-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-On_Crusade_and_marriage_to_Sanchia,_1240–1243" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_Crusade_and_marriage_to_Sanchia,_1240–1243"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>On Crusade and marriage to Sanchia, 1240–1243</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_Crusade_and_marriage_to_Sanchia,_1240–1243-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poitou_and_Sicily" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poitou_and_Sicily"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Poitou and Sicily</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poitou_and_Sicily-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elected_King_of_Germany,_1257" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elected_King_of_Germany,_1257"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Elected King of Germany, 1257</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elected_King_of_Germany,_1257-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life,_death_and_successors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life,_death_and_successors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Later life, death and successors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life,_death_and_successors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wives_and_progeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wives_and_progeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wives and progeny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wives_and_progeny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Wives and progeny subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wives_and_progeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_wife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_wife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>First wife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_wife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_wife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_wife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Second wife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_wife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_wife" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_wife"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Third wife</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_wife-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegitimate_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegitimate_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Illegitimate children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegitimate_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard of Cornwall</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ريتشارد من كورنوال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريتشارد من كورنوال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ریچارد، نخستین ارل کورن‌وال – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ریچارد، نخستین ارل کورن‌وال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96)" title="Рычард (кароль Германіі) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рычард (кароль Германіі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richarzh_Kernev-Veur" title="Richarzh Kernev-Veur – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Richarzh Kernev-Veur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricard_de_Cornualla" title="Ricard de Cornualla – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ricard de Cornualla" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cornwallsk%C3%BD" title="Richard Cornwallský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard Cornwallský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_von_Cornwall" title="Richard von Cornwall – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard von Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cornwallist" title="Richard Cornwallist – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Richard Cornwallist" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ριχάρδος της Κορνουάλης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ριχάρδος της Κορνουάλης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_de_Cornualles" title="Ricardo de Cornualles – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ricardo de Cornualles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikardo_(1-a_Grafo_de_Kornvalo)" title="Rikardo (1-a Grafo de Kornvalo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rikardo (1-a Grafo de Kornvalo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikardo_Kornualleskoa" title="Rikardo Kornualleskoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rikardo Kornualleskoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ریچارد، نخستین ارل کورنوال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریچارد، نخستین ارل کورنوال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Cornouailles" title="Richard de Cornouailles – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard de Cornouailles" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_de_Cornualla" title="Ricardo de Cornualla – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ricardo de Cornualla" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikard_od_Cornwalla" title="Rikard od Cornwalla – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rikard od Cornwalla" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_dari_Cornwall" title="Richard dari Cornwall – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard dari Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_di_Cornovaglia" title="Riccardo di Cornovaglia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riccardo di Cornovaglia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%27%D7%A8%D7%93,_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C" title="ריצ'רד, רוזן קורנוול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריצ'רד, רוזן קורנוול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რიჩარდ კორნუოლელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიჩარდ კორნუოლელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_(comes_Cornubiae)" title="Ricardus (comes Cornubiae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus (comes Cornubiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich%C3%A1rd_n%C3%A9met_kir%C3%A1ly" title="Richárd német király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Richárd német király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="Ричард (Прв ерл од Корнвол) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ричард (Прв ерл од Корнвол)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="ريتشارد ايرل كورنوال الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد ايرل كورنوال الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_van_Cornwall" title="Richard van Cornwall – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard van Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89_(%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E4%BC%AF)" title="リチャード (コーンウォール伯) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード (コーンウォール伯)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_av_Cornwall" title="Richard av Cornwall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard av Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryszard_z_Kornwalii" title="Ryszard z Kornwalii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryszard z Kornwalii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo,_1.%C2%BA_Conde_da_Cornualha" title="Ricardo, 1.º Conde da Cornualha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ricardo, 1.º Conde da Cornualha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Cornwall" title="Richard de Cornwall – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Richard de Cornwall" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)" title="Ричард (король Германии) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричард (король Германии)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_1_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ริชาร์ด เอิร์ลที่ 1 แห่งคอร์นวอลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ริชาร์ด เอิร์ลที่ 1 แห่งคอร์นวอลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Річард (граф Корнуолла) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the philosopher, see <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rufus_of_Cornwall" title="Richard Rufus of Cornwall">Richard Rufus of Cornwall</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Richard</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Earl of Cornwall">Earl of Cornwall</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:RisaCornwall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RisaCornwall.jpg/220px-RisaCornwall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RisaCornwall.jpg/330px-RisaCornwall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/RisaCornwall.jpg/440px-RisaCornwall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="579" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Seal of King Richard<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> <br />(formally <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">13 January 1257 – 2 April 1272</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">Coronation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17 May 1257</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William II of Holland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf I of Habsburg">Rudolf I of Habsburg</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">5 January 1209<br /><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Castle" title="Winchester Castle">Winchester Castle</a>, Hampshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 April 1272 (aged 63)<br /><a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted_Castle" title="Berkhamsted Castle">Berkhamsted Castle</a>, Hertfordshire, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Hailes_Abbey" title="Hailes Abbey">Hailes Abbey</a>, Gloucestershire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Marshal" title="Isabel Marshal">Isabel Marshal</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1231; died 1240)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanchia_of_Provence" title="Sanchia of Provence">Sanchia of Provence</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1243; died 1261)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Falkenburg" title="Beatrice of Falkenburg">Beatrice of Falkenburg</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1269)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Wives_and_progeny">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Almain" title="Henry of Almain">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_2nd_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall">Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Plantagenet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantagenet">Plantagenet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Countess of Angoulême">Isabella, Countess of Angoulême</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard</b> (5 January 1209<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeis1992232_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeis1992232-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – 2 April 1272) was an English prince who was <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> from 1257 until his death in 1272. He was the second son of <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Countess of Angoulême">Isabella, Countess of Angoulême</a>. Richard was nominal <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Poitou" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Poitou">Count of Poitou</a> from 1225 to 1243, and he also held the title <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Earl of Cornwall">Earl of Cornwall</a> since 1225. He was one of the wealthiest men in Europe and joined the <a href="/wiki/Barons%27_Crusade" title="Barons' Crusade">Barons' Crusade</a>, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of prisoners and assisted with the building of the citadel in <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born 5 January 1209 at <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Castle" title="Winchester Castle">Winchester Castle</a>, the second son of <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Isabella, Countess of Angoulême">Isabella, Countess of Angoulême</a>. He was made <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Berkshire" title="High Sheriff of Berkshire">High Sheriff of Berkshire</a> at age eight, was styled <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Poitou" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Poitou">Count of Poitou</a> from 1225 and in the same year, at the age of sixteen, his brother <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">King Henry III</a> gave him Cornwall as a birthday present, making him <a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Cornwall" title="High Sheriff of Cornwall">High Sheriff of Cornwall</a>. Richard's revenues from Cornwall helped make him one of the wealthiest men in Europe. Though he campaigned on King Henry's behalf in <a href="/wiki/Poitou" title="Poitou">Poitou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, and served as regent three times, relations were often strained between the brothers in the early years of Henry's reign, once Henry took rule for himself. Richard rebelled against him three times and had to be bought off with lavish gifts. </p><p>In 1225, Richard traded with Gervase de Tintagel, swapping the land of <a href="/wiki/Merthen_Manor" title="Merthen Manor">Merthen</a> (originally part of the manor of <a href="/wiki/Winnianton" class="mw-redirect" title="Winnianton">Winnianton</a>) for <a href="/wiki/Tintagel_Castle" title="Tintagel Castle">Tintagel Castle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-listing_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that a castle was built on the site by Richard in 1233 to establish a connection with the Arthurian legends that were associated by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a> with the area. Richard hoped that, in this way, he could gain the <a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish people</a>'s trust.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The castle itself held no real strategic value.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The dating to the period of Richard has superseded Ralegh Radford's interpretation which attributed the earliest elements of the castle to Earl Reginald de Dunstanville and later elements to Earl Richard.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sidney Toy, however, has suggested an earlier period of construction for the castle.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_to_Isabel,_1231–1240"><span id="Marriage_to_Isabel.2C_1231.E2.80.931240"></span>Marriage to Isabel, 1231–1240</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage to Isabel, 1231–1240"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1231, he married <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Marshal" title="Isabel Marshal">Isabel Marshal</a>, the wealthy widow of the <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_5th_Earl_of_Gloucester" title="Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester">Earl of Gloucester</a>, much to the displeasure of his brother King Henry, who feared the Marshal family because they were rich, influential, and often opposed to him, as did Richard by this point. The joining of Richard to the Marshal family increased the power behind these rebellions, and the potential risk for Henry. Richard became stepfather to Isabel's six children from her first husband. In that same year he acquired his main residence, <a href="/wiki/Wallingford_Castle" title="Wallingford Castle">Wallingford Castle</a> in Berkshire (now <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a>), and spent much money on developing it. He had other favoured properties at <a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cippenham" title="Cippenham">Cippenham</a> and was a notable <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">lord of the manor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Princes_Risborough" title="Princes Risborough">Earls Risborough</a>, all in Buckinghamshire. </p><p>Isabel and Richard had four children, of whom only their son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Almain" title="Henry of Almain">Henry of Almain</a>, survived to adulthood. Richard opposed <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a> and rose in rebellion in 1238 to protest against the marriage of his sister, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Countess_of_Leicester" title="Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester">Eleanor</a>, to Simon. Once again he was placated with rich gifts. When Isabel was on her deathbed in 1240, she asked to be buried next to her first husband at <a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury" title="Tewkesbury">Tewkesbury</a>, but Richard had her interred at <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Abbey" title="Beaulieu Abbey">Beaulieu Abbey</a> instead. As a pious gesture, however, he sent her heart to Tewkesbury. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_Crusade_and_marriage_to_Sanchia,_1240–1243"><span id="On_Crusade_and_marriage_to_Sanchia.2C_1240.E2.80.931243"></span>On Crusade and marriage to Sanchia, 1240–1243</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: On Crusade and marriage to Sanchia, 1240–1243"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:271px;max-width:271px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RichardCornwall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/RichardCornwall.jpg/150px-RichardCornwall.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/RichardCornwall.jpg/225px-RichardCornwall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/RichardCornwall.jpg/300px-RichardCornwall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="469" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cornwall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Cornwall.jpg/113px-Cornwall.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Cornwall.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="172" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><b>Left</b>: Seal (<i>verso</i> side) of Richard of Cornwall, showing his arms; <b>right</b> his arms: <i>Argent, a <a href="/wiki/Lions_in_heraldry" class="mw-redirect" title="Lions in heraldry">lion rampant</a> gules crowned or a bordure sable <a href="/wiki/Bezant" title="Bezant">bezant</a>ée</i> as drawn by his contemporary <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a> (d. 1259)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Later that year, Richard departed for the Holy Land, leading the second host of crusaders to arrive during the <a href="/wiki/Barons%27_Crusade" title="Barons' Crusade">Barons' Crusade</a>. He did not fight any battles but managed to negotiate for the release of prisoners (most notably <a href="/wiki/Amaury_de_Montfort_(died_1241)" title="Amaury de Montfort (died 1241)">Amaury de Montfort</a>) and the burials of <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">crusaders</a> killed at a battle in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a> in November 1239. He also refortified <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>, which had been demolished by <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. On his return from the Holy Land, Richard visited his sister <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_England" title="Isabella of England">Isabella</a>, the empress of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>. </p><p>After the birth of <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Prince Edward</a> in 1239, provisions were made in case of the king's death, which favoured the Queen and her Savoyard relatives and excluded Richard. To keep him from becoming discontented King Henry and Queen Eleanor brought up the idea of a marriage with Eleanor's sister <a href="/wiki/Sanchia_of_Provence" title="Sanchia of Provence">Sanchia</a> shortly after his return on 28 January 1242.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On his journey to the Holy Land, Richard had met Sanchia in Provence, where he was warmly welcomed by her father <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_IV,_Count_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence">Raymond Berenger IV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox1974114_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox1974114-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard and Sanchia were married at Westminster in November 1243. Marriage to Sanchia had the advantage of tying Richard closely to the royal couple and their interests. </p><p>Eleanor and Sanchia's youngest sister <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Provence" title="Beatrice of Provence">Beatrice</a> married <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles I of Naples</a>, while their oldest sister <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Provence" title="Margaret of Provence">Margaret</a> had married <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a>. The marriages of the kings of France and England and their two brothers to the four sisters from <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> improved the relationship between the two countries that led to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1259)" title="Treaty of Paris (1259)">Treaty of Paris</a> in 1259.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poitou_and_Sicily">Poitou and Sicily</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Poitou and Sicily"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard was appointed count of <a href="/wiki/Poitou" title="Poitou">Poitou</a> some time before August 1225.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeir199967_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeir199967-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Richard's claims to <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poitou" title="Poitou">Poitou</a> were never more than nominal, and in 1241, King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> invested his own brother <a href="/wiki/Alphonse,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="Alphonse, Count of Poitiers">Alphonse</a> with Poitou. Moreover, Richard and Henry's mother, Isabella of Angoulême, claimed to have been insulted by the French queen. They were encouraged to recover Poitou by their stepfather, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh X of Lusignan">Hugh X of Lusignan</a>, but the expedition turned into a military fiasco after Lusignan betrayed them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox1974112–113_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECox1974112–113-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard conceded Poitou around December 1243.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeir199967_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeir199967-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_IV" title="Pope Innocent IV">Pope Innocent IV</a> offered Richard the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">crown of Sicily</a>, but according to <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Paris" title="Matthew Paris">Matthew Paris</a>, he responded to the extortionate price by saying, "You might as well say, 'I will sell or give you the moon, rise up and take it'".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, his brother King Henry attempted to purchase the kingdom for his own son <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Crouchback" title="Edmund Crouchback">Edmund</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elected_King_of_Germany,_1257"><span id="Elected_King_of_Germany.2C_1257"></span>Elected King of Germany, 1257</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Elected King of Germany, 1257"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard was elected in 1257 as <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of Germany</a> by four of the seven <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">German Electoral Princes</a>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_von_Hochstaden" title="Konrad von Hochstaden">Konrad von Hochstaden</a>, the Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral Cologne">Cologne</a>;</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_I_von_Dhaun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard I von Dhaun (page does not exist)">Gerhard I von Dhaun</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_I._von_Dhaun" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard I. von Dhaun">de</a>]</span>, Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Elector_of_Mainz" title="Elector of Mainz">Mainz</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Louis II, Duke of Bavaria">Louis II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Palatinate" title="Electoral Palatinate">Count Palatine</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II</a>, King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bohemia" title="Kingdom of Bohemia">Bohemia</a>.</li></ul> <p>His candidacy was opposed by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a>, who was supported by three electors: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I,_Duke_of_Saxony" title="Albert I, Duke of Saxony">Albert I, Duke of Saxony</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_I,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg" title="John I, Margrave of Brandenburg">John I, Margrave of Brandenburg</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_II_of_Isenburg" title="Arnold II of Isenburg">Arnold II of Isenburg</a>, Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Trier" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Trier">Trier</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_IV" title="Pope Alexander IV">Pope Alexander IV</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis IX">Louis IX</a> of France favoured Alfonso, but both were ultimately convinced by the powerful relatives of Richard's wife Sanchia, and his sister-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a>, to support Richard. <a href="/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia" title="Ottokar II of Bohemia">Ottokar II of Bohemia</a>, who at first voted for Richard but later elected Alfonso, eventually agreed to support the Earl of Cornwall, thus establishing the required simple majority. So Richard had to bribe only four of them, but this came at a huge cost of 28,000 <a href="/wiki/Mark_(currency)" title="Mark (currency)">marks</a>. On 17 May 1257, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_von_Hochstaden" title="Konrad von Hochstaden">Konrad von Hochstaden</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Archbishops_of_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Archbishops of Cologne">Archbishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, himself crowned Richard <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> in <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, like his lordships in <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascony</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poitou" title="Poitou">Poitou</a>, his title never held much significance, and he made only four brief visits to Germany between 1257 and 1269. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life,_death_and_successors"><span id="Later_life.2C_death_and_successors"></span>Later life, death and successors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life, death and successors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanchie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Sanchie.jpg/220px-Sanchie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Sanchie.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="244" /></a><figcaption>Seal of Sanchia, Queen of the Romans, Richard's wife</figcaption></figure> <p>He founded <a href="/wiki/Burnham_Abbey" title="Burnham Abbey">Burnham Abbey</a> in Buckinghamshire in 1263, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grashaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grashaus (page does not exist)">Grashaus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grashaus" class="extiw" title="de:Grashaus">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> in 1266. </p><p>He joined King Henry in fighting against Simon de Montfort's rebels in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a> (1264–1267). After the shattering royalist defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lewes" title="Battle of Lewes">Battle of Lewes</a>, Richard took refuge in a <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a>, was discovered, and was imprisoned until September 1265. </p><p>Richard bought the <a href="/wiki/Feudal_barony_of_Trematon" title="Feudal barony of Trematon">feudal barony of Trematon</a> in 1270. </p><p>In March 1271 Richard's son and heir <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Almain" title="Henry of Almain">Henry of Almain</a> was murdered in Viterbo at the Church of San Silvestro by <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Montfort,_Count_of_Nola" title="Guy de Montfort, Count of Nola">Guy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort_the_Younger" title="Simon de Montfort the Younger">Simon de Montfort the Younger</a> in revenge for their father and brother <a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Montfort" title="Henry de Montfort">Henry de Montfort</a> being killed at the Battle of Evesham. Simon and Guy were Richard's nephews and sources say that Richard did not recover from the shock. In December 1271, he had a stroke. His right side was paralysed and he lost the ability to speak. On 2 April 1272, Richard died at <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted_Castle" title="Berkhamsted Castle">Berkhamsted Castle</a> in Hertfordshire. He was buried next to his second wife <a href="/wiki/Sanchia_of_Provence" title="Sanchia of Provence">Sanchia of Provence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Almain" title="Henry of Almain">Henry of Almain</a>, his son by his first wife, at <a href="/wiki/Hailes_Abbey" title="Hailes Abbey">Hailes Abbey</a>, which he had founded. </p><p>After his death, a power struggle ensued in Germany, which only ended in 1273 with the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Habsburg">Rudolph I of Habsburg</a>, the first scion of a long-lasting noble family to rule the empire. In Cornwall, Richard was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Edmund,_2nd_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall">Edmund</a>, son of his second wife Sanchia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wives_and_progeny">Wives and progeny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wives and progeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard of Cornwall married three times and had six legitimate children, none of whom themselves had children, and he also had illegitimate progeny: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_wife">First wife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First wife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard married first, on 30 March 1231 at <a href="/wiki/Fawley,_Buckinghamshire" title="Fawley, Buckinghamshire">Fawley, Buckinghamshire</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Isabel_Marshal" title="Isabel Marshal">Isabel Marshal</a> (d. 1240) was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke</a>, by his wife <a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke">Isabel de Clare</a>, who in turn was daughter of Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke">Richard "Strongbow" de Clare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aoife_MacMurrough" title="Aoife MacMurrough">Aoife MacMurrough</a>. Isabel Marshal died on 17 January 1240 while giving birth at <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted_Castle" title="Berkhamsted Castle">Berkhamsted Castle</a> and was buried at <a href="/wiki/Beaulieu_Abbey" title="Beaulieu Abbey">Beaulieu Abbey</a>. By Isabel Marshal he had four children, of whom only one reached adulthood:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>John of Cornwall (31 January 1232 – 22 September 1232), born and died at <a href="/wiki/Marlow,_Buckinghamshire" title="Marlow, Buckinghamshire">Marlow, Buckinghamshire</a>, buried at <a href="/wiki/Reading_Abbey" title="Reading Abbey">Reading Abbey</a>.</li> <li>Isabel of Cornwall (c. 9 September 1233 – 6 October 1234), born and died at Marlow, Buckinghamshire, buried at Reading Abbey.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Almain" title="Henry of Almain">Henry of Cornwall</a> (2 November 1235 – 13 March 1271). Known as "Henry of <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Germany#Names_from_Alemanni" title="Names of Germany">Almain</a>" (Germany). He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Hailes_Abbey" title="Hailes Abbey">Hailes Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>. He had no children.</li> <li>Nicholas of Cornwall (b. & d. 17 January 1240 at Berkhamsted Castle), died shortly after birth; buried at Beaulieu Abbey with his mother.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_wife">Second wife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Second wife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard's second marriage took place nearly four years after the death of his first wife. His new bride, whom he married in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a> on 23 November 1243, was <a href="/wiki/Sanchia_of_Provence" title="Sanchia of Provence">Sanchia of Provence</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1225</span> – 9 November 1261), the third of four daughters of <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Berenguer_IV,_Count_of_Provence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence">Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence</a>, by his wife <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Beatrice of Savoy">Beatrice of Savoy</a>. She was a younger sister of the Queens of France and England, while the youngest sister would later become Queen of Sicily. The match was arranged by Sanchia's elder sister <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a>, wife of Richard's elder brother King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a>. Sanchia died on 9 November 1261 at <a href="/wiki/Berkhamsted_Castle" title="Berkhamsted Castle">Berkhamsted Castle</a> and was buried 15 November in <a href="/wiki/Hailes_Abbey" title="Hailes Abbey">Hailes Abbey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire" title="Gloucestershire">Gloucestershire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By Sanchia of Provence, Richard had a further two sons:<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>unnamed son (Jul 1246 – 15 Aug 1246), died in infancy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_2nd_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall">Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall</a> (26 December 1249 – before 25 September 1300), usually styled <i>Edmund of Almain</i>. Edmund married Margaret de Clare (1250 – shortly before November 1312), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_Earl_of_Gloucester" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester">Richard de Clare, Earl of Gloucester</a>, but by her had no children.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valkenberg_window.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Valkenberg_window.jpg/170px-Valkenberg_window.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Valkenberg_window.jpg/255px-Valkenberg_window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Valkenberg_window.jpg/340px-Valkenberg_window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="1399" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Falkenburg" title="Beatrice of Falkenburg">Beatrice of Falkenburg</a>, Richard's third wife, shown as Queen of the Romans in a 13th-century depiction</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_wife">Third wife</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Third wife"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third marriage of Richard was to <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_Falkenburg" title="Beatrice of Falkenburg">Beatrice of Falkenburg</a>, said to be one of the most beautiful women of her time. Her father, Dietrich I, Count of Falkenburg, of <a href="/wiki/Valkenburg_Castle" title="Valkenburg Castle">Valkenburg Castle</a> in the Netherlands, was a supporter of Richard's claim to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. The two men fought on the same side in a battle, at which time Richard met Beatrice and grew besotted by her. They married on 16 June 1269 at <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, when she was about fifteen years old while he was in his sixty-first year and his youngest child was only four years older than Beatrice. Richard doted on his young wife, and she had a high regard for him, but they produced no children.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson_I_2011_567_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson_I_2011_567-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beatrice survived Richard by only five years and never married again. She died on 17 October 1277 and was buried before the high altar at the Church of the <a href="/wiki/Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Friars Minor">Grey Friars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Richardson_I_2011_567_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richardson_I_2011_567-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegitimate_children">Illegitimate children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Illegitimate children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard had several documented out-of-wedlock children. One of Richard's mistresses was Joan de Vautort, widow of Ralph de Vautort<sup id="cite_ref-Pole,_p.309_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pole,_p.309-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. 1267), <a href="/wiki/Feudal_baronies_in_Devonshire" title="Feudal baronies in Devonshire">feudal baron of Harberton</a>, Devon<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole179121_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole179121-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Feudal_barony_of_Trematon" title="Feudal barony of Trematon">Trematon</a>, Cornwall. Joan later married Sir Alexander Okeston, <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_manor" title="Lord of the manor">lord of the manor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Modbury" title="Modbury">Modbury</a> in Devon, a part of the Vautorts' <a href="/wiki/Feudal_baron" title="Feudal baron">feudal barony</a> of Harberton that had been granted him by Roger de Vautort.<sup id="cite_ref-Pole,_p.309_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pole,_p.309-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joan bore Alexander a son and heir, Sir James Okeston.<sup id="cite_ref-Vivian_1531,_p.160_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vivian_1531,_p.160-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By Joan de Vautort or other mistresses, the Earl of Cornwall had at least three sons and a daughter as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Philip of Cornwall, a priest.</li> <li>Sir Richard of Cornwall, who received a grant from his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Edmund,_2nd_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall">Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall</a> (d. 1300), in which he was called "brother". He married Joan, allegedly daughter of <a href="/wiki/John_Fitzalan_(1246%E2%80%931272)" title="John Fitzalan (1246–1272)">John Fitzalan III</a>, and by her had three sons and a daughter. He was slain by an arrow at the <a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Berwick_(1296)" title="Sack of Berwick (1296)">Siege of Berwick</a> in 1296. His daughter Joan of Cornwall married Sir John Howard, from whom the <a href="/wiki/Howard_family" title="Howard family">Howard family</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Duke of Norfolk">Dukes of Norfolk</a>, are descended.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir Walter of Cornwall, who received a grant of the royal manor of <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen-in-Brannel" title="St Stephen-in-Brannel">Brannel</a>, Cornwall,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from his half-brother Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall, in which he was called "brother". He was ancestor of the Cornwalls of Branell.</li> <li>Joan of Cornwall, daughter of Joan de Vautort, in 1283 received a grant from her half-brother Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall, in which she was called "sister".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole1791309_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole1791309-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The younger Joan married (1st) Richard de Champernoun and (2nd) Sir Peter de Fishacre of <a href="/wiki/Combe_Fishacre" title="Combe Fishacre">Combe Fishacre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coleton_Fishacre" title="Coleton Fishacre">Coleton Fishacre</a>, Devon,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole1791274_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole1791274-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having no issue by the second. Her childless half-brother Sir James Okeston made her son (or grandson) Richard de Champernoun his heir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole1791309_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole1791309-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the seal is written <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Ricardus Dei gratia romanorum rex semper augustus</i></span> ("Richard <a href="/wiki/By_the_grace_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="By the grace of God">by the grace of God</a> King of the Romans ever august")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeis1992232-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeis1992232_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeis1992">Weis 1992</a>, p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-listing-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-listing_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1142128" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1142128?section=official-list-entry">"Merthen (1142128)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Merthen+%281142128%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1142128%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lovering, D. (2007, May 13). Arthurian legend lives on at Tintagel. <i>Deseret News.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radford, C. A. Ralegh (1939) <i>Tintagel Castle, Cornwall</i>; 2nd ed. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toy, S. (1939), <i>Castles: a short history of fortifications from 1600 B.C. to A.D. 1600</i>, London: Heinemann</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthew Paris, Book of Additions, British Library Cotton MS Nero D I, fol 171v <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/illmanus/cottmanucoll/h/011cotnerd00001u00171v00.html">[1]</a>;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECox1974114-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox1974114_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCox1974">Cox 1974</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanders1951" class="citation news cs1">Sanders, IJ (1951). "The Texts of the Peace of Paris, 1259". <i>The English Historical Review</i>. Vol. 66, no. 258. Oxford University Press. pp. 81–97 [88].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+English+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Texts+of+the+Peace+of+Paris%2C+1259&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=258&rft.pages=81-97+88&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=IJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeir199967-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeir199967_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeir199967_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeir1999">Weir 1999</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECox1974112–113-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECox1974112–113_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCox1974">Cox 1974</a>, pp. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhalen2019" class="citation book cs1">Whalen, Brett Edward (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PaSTDwAAQBAJ&dq=richard+of+cornwall+offered++the+moon+climb+up+and+take+it&pg=PA220"><i>The Two Powers: The Papacy, the Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century</i></a>. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-5086-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-5086-2"><bdi>978-0-8122-5086-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Powers%3A+The+Papacy%2C+the+Empire%2C+and+the+Struggle+for+Sovereignty+in+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-5086-2&rft.aulast=Whalen&rft.aufirst=Brett+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPaSTDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Drichard%2Bof%2Bcornwall%2Boffered%2B%2Bthe%2Bmoon%2Bclimb%2Bup%2Band%2Btake%2Bit%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldstone, Nancy (2008). <i>Four Queens: The Provençal Sisters who ruled Europe.</i> Penguin Books, London, p. 213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson2011a">Richardson 2011a</a>, pp. 566–571</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstone2007" class="citation book cs1">Goldstone, Nancy (2007). <i>Four Queens: The Provençal Sisters who ruled Europe</i>. New York: Viking. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-03843-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-03843-5"><bdi>978-0-670-03843-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Four+Queens%3A+The+Proven%C3%A7al+Sisters+who+ruled+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-670-03843-5&rft.aulast=Goldstone&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richardson_I_2011_567-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_I_2011_567_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richardson_I_2011_567_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson2011a">Richardson 2011a</a>, p. 567</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pole,_p.309-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pole,_p.309_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pole,_p.309_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPole1791">Pole 1791</a>, p. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole179121-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole179121_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPole1791">Pole 1791</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vivian_1531,_p.160-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vivian_1531,_p.160_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Lambrick_Vivian" title="John Lambrick Vivian">Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.</a>, (Ed.) <i>The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620</i>, Exeter, 1895, p. 160, pedigree of Champernowne</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson2011a">Richardson 2011a</a>, pp. 573–574. An additional daughter, Isabel, who received a grant from King Henry III in which she was called "niece", has been attributed to Earl Richard. However, Cecil G. Savile, <i>The House of Cornwall</i>, pp. 37–40, shows this to be chronologically impossible, and suggests that this Isabel was Henry's niece only in the half-blood, being granddaughter of the second marriage of his mother <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a> with <a href="/wiki/Hugh_X_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh X of Lusignan">Hugh X of Lusignan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichardson2011a">Richardson 2011a</a>, pp. 574–575; <a href="#CITEREFRichardson2011b">Richardson 2011b</a>, p. 265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pridham, T.L., Devonshire Celebrities, (regarding the ancestry of the Cornwall family of Brannell), pp 12–17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole1791309-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole1791309_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole1791309_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPole1791">Pole 1791</a>, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERisdon1811187_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRisdon1811">Risdon 1811</a>, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPole1791274-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPole1791274_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPole1791">Pole 1791</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox1974" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Eugene L. (1974). <i>The Eagles of Savoy</i>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691052166" title="Special:BookSources/0691052166"><bdi>0691052166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eagles+of+Savoy&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0691052166&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Eugene+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2011a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Richardson" title="Douglas Richardson">Richardson, Douglas</a> (2011a). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). <i>Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families</i>. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1449966317" title="Special:BookSources/978-1449966317"><bdi>978-1449966317</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantagenet+Ancestry%3A+A+Study+in+Colonial+and+Medieval+Families&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1449966317&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2011b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Richardson" title="Douglas Richardson">Richardson, Douglas</a> (2011b). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). <i>Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families</i>. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1449966348" title="Special:BookSources/978-1449966348"><bdi>978-1449966348</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plantagenet+Ancestry%3A+A+Study+in+Colonial+and+Medieval+Families&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.edition=2nd&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1449966348&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPole1791" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Pole_(antiquary)" title="William Pole (antiquary)">Pole, Sir William</a> (1791). <i>Collections Towards a Description of the County of Devon</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collections+Towards+a+Description+of+the+County+of+Devon&rft.place=London&rft.date=1791&rft.aulast=Pole&rft.aufirst=Sir+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRisdon1811" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tristram_Risdon" title="Tristram Risdon">Risdon, Tristram</a> (1811). <i>Survey of Devon</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Survey+of+Devon&rft.place=London&rft.date=1811&rft.aulast=Risdon&rft.aufirst=Tristram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Weir" title="Alison Weir">Weir, Alison</a> (1999). <i>Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy</i>. London: The Bodley Head.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%27s+Royal+Families%3A+The+Complete+Genealogy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Bodley+Head&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeis1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lewis_Weis" title="Frederick Lewis Weis">Weis, Frederick Lewis</a> (1992). Sheppard, Walter Lee; Faris, David (eds.). <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: The Lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Some of Their Descendants</i>. London: Genealogical Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806313672" title="Special:BookSources/9780806313672"><bdi>9780806313672</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancestral+Roots+of+Certain+American+Colonists+who+Came+to+America+Before+1700%3A+The+Lineage+of+Alfred+the+Great%2C+Charlemagne%2C+Malcolm+of+Scotland%2C+Robert+the+Strong%2C+and+Some+of+Their+Descendants&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Genealogical+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780806313672&rft.aulast=Weis&rft.aufirst=Frederick+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/32px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/48px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Cornwall.svg/64px-Flag_of_Cornwall.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cornwall" title="Portal:Cornwall">Cornwall portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Carless_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry William Carless Davis">Davis, Henry William Carless</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Richard, Earl of Cornwall"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Richard,_Earl_of_Cornwall">"Richard, Earl of Cornwall" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). p. 294.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Richard%2C+Earl+of+Cornwall&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=294&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Henry+William+Carless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+of+Cornwall" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Denholm-Young" title="Noël Denholm-Young">Denholm-Young, Noël</a>. <i>Richard of Cornwall</i>. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1947.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson_(historian)" title="Peter Jackson (historian)">Jackson, Peter</a>. "The Crusades of 1239–41 and their Aftermath". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies</i> <b>50</b>, 1 (1987), pp. 32–60.</li> <li>Lewis, Frank R. "Beatrice of Falkenburg, the Third Wife of Richard of Cornwall". <i>English Historical Review</i> <b>52</b>, 106 (1937), pp. 279–82.</li> <li>Lower, Michael. <i>The Barons' Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Painter" title="Sidney Painter">Painter, Sidney</a>. "The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241". R. L. Wolff; H. W. Hazard, <i>A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Later Crusades, 1189–1311</i>, pp. 463–86. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.</li> <li>Roche, T. W. E. <i>The King of Almayne: A 13th-Century Englishman in Europe</i>. London: John Murray, 1966.</li> <li>Schwab, Ingo. "The Charters of Richard of Cornwall for the Empire". <i>Thirteenth Century England</i> <b>12</b> (2009), pp. 183–92.</li> <li>Vincent, Nicholas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-23501">"Richard, first earl of Cornwall and king of Germany (1209–1272)"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. 2008 online [2004 print].</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Parkes_Weber" title="Frederick Parkes Weber">Weber, F. P.</a> "Richard, Earl of Cornwall, and His Coins as King of the Romans (1257–1271)". <i>The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Numismatic Society</i>, Third Series <b>13</b> (1893), pp. 273–81.</li> <li>Weiler, Björn. "Image and Reality in Richard of Cornwall's German Career". <i>English Historical Review</i> <b>113</b>, 454 (1998), pp. 1111–42.</li> <li>Werner, Christoph. "Richard von Cornwall. Ein Engländer auf dem deutschen Thron. Historische Erzählung". Tredition GmbH, Hamburg 2022. <ul><li>Darren Baker: <i>Richard of Cornwall. The English King of Germany.</i> Amberley Publishing. Stroud, 2022.</li> <li>Gebauer, Georg Christian: <i>Leben und denckwürdige Thaten Herrn Richards, Erwählten Römischen Kaysers, Grafens von Cornwall und Poitou: in dreyen Büchern beschrieben</i>. Leipzig 1744.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_of_Cornwall&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_Cornwall" class="extiw" title="commons:Richard of Cornwall"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Richard of Cornwall</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Richard_of_Cornwall" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Richard of Cornwall">Richard of Cornwall</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lba.hist.uni-marburg.de/lba-cgi/kleioc/00101KlLBA/exec/apply3/width/%226109%22/height/%226109%22/url/%22http:%7B%7C%7D%7B%7C%7D137.248.186.134%7B%7C%7Dlba-cgi-local%7B%7C%7Dpic.sh%7B-%7Djpg%7B%7C%7DF1030.jpg%22">Charter given by Richard as German King to the town of Zürich, 20.11.1262</a>. Photograph taken from the collections of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lichtbildarchiv_%C3%A4lterer_Originalurkunden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden (page does not exist)">Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtbildarchiv_%C3%A4lterer_Originalurkunden" class="extiw" title="de:Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden">de</a>]</span> at <a href="/wiki/Marburg_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Marburg University">Marburg University</a> showing Richards's seal.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Richard of Cornwall </div><div><b> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> </b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 5 January 1209</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 2 April 1272</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Germany">King of Germany</a> </b><br />13 January 1257 – 2 April 1272<br /><i>with <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a> as contender</i> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New title</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Earl of Cornwall">Earl of Cornwall</a> </b><br />1225–1272 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edmund,_2nd_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall">Edmund</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Poitou_Counts" title="Template:Poitou Counts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Poitou_Counts" title="Template talk:Poitou Counts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Poitou_Counts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Poitou Counts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Counts_of_Poitiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Poitiers" title="Count of Poitiers">Counts of Poitiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guerin</li> <li>Hatton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_d%27Herbauges" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaud d'Herbauges">Renaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard,_Count_of_Poitiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard, Count of Poitiers">Bernard I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emenon" title="Emenon">Emenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulf_I_of_Aquitaine" title="Ranulf I of Aquitaine">Ranulf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranulf_II_of_Aquitaine" title="Ranulf II of Aquitaine">Ranulf II</a></li> <li>Gauzbert</li> <li>Robert I</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebalus,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine">Ebalus</a></li> <li>Aymar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebalus,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="Ebalus, Duke of Aquitaine">Ebalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_III,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William III, Duke of Aquitaine">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IV,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IV, Duke of Aquitaine">William II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William V, Duke of Aquitaine">William III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_VI,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William VI, Duke of Aquitaine">William IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Gascony" title="Odo of Gascony">Eudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_VII,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William VII, Duke of Aquitaine">William V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_VIII,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine">William VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_X,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William X, Duke of Aquitaine"> William VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="William IX, Count of Poitiers">William IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="Alphonse, Count of Poitiers">Alphonse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Touraine" title="John, Duke of Touraine">John III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles</a></li> <li>François</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg/75px-Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg/113px-Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg/150px-Count_of_Poitiers_Arms.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* Count through marriage</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="House_of_Plantagenet" style="width:100%; vertical-align:middle;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="House of Plantagenet"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:House_of_Plantagenet" title="Template:House of Plantagenet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:House_of_Plantagenet" title="Template talk:House of Plantagenet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:House_of_Plantagenet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:House of Plantagenet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="House_of_Plantagenet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Plantagenet,_Count_of_Anjou" title="Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou">Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Empress Matilda</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey,_Count_of_Nantes" title="Geoffrey, Count of Nantes">Geoffrey, Count of Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_FitzEmpress" title="William FitzEmpress">William FitzEmpress</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/Hamelin_de_Warenne,_Earl_of_Surrey" title="Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey">Hamelin de Warenne, Earl of Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_of_Anjou" title="Emma of Anjou">Emma of Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Shaftesbury" title="Mary of Shaftesbury">Mary of Shaftesbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/75px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/113px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/150px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_II_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Aquitaine" title="Eleanor of Aquitaine">Eleanor of Aquitaine</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Count_of_Poitiers" title="William IX, Count of Poitiers">William IX, Count of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry the Young King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_of_England,_Duchess_of_Saxony" title="Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony">Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_II,_Duke_of_Brittany" title="Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany">Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Queen_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile">Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Sicily" title="Joan of England, Queen of Sicily">Joan of England, Queen of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Geoffrey (archbishop of York)">Geoffrey (archbishop of York)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Longesp%C3%A9e,_3rd_Earl_of_Salisbury" title="William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury">William de Longespée, Earl of Salisbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_the_Young_King" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry the Young King</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England_and_Hungary" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary">Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Plantagenet" class="mw-redirect" title="William Plantagenet">William Plantagenet</a> (died in infancy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Richard_I_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Berengaria_of_Navarre" title="Berengaria of Navarre">Berengaria of Navarre</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Cognac" title="Philip of Cognac">Philip of Cognac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="John,_King_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John, King of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Isabella of Angoulême">Isabella of Angoulême</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard,_1st_Earl_of_Cornwall" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall">Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Joan of England, Queen of Scotland">Joan of England, Queen of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_England" title="Isabella of England">Isabella of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Countess_of_Leicester" title="Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester">Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/Joan,_Lady_of_Wales" title="Joan, Lady of Wales">Joan, Lady of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_FitzRoy" title="Richard FitzRoy">Richard FitzRoy</a></li> <li>Oliver FitzRoy</li> <li>Geoffrey FitzRoy</li> <li>John FitzRoy</li> <li>Henry FitzRoy</li> <li>Osbert Gifford</li> <li>Eudes FitzRoy</li> <li>Bartholomew FitzRoy</li> <li>Maud FitzRoy</li> <li>Isabel FitzRoy</li> <li>Philip FitzRoy</li> <li>William de Forz</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_III_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Provence" title="Eleanor of Provence">Eleanor of Provence</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England" title="Margaret of England">Margaret of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_of_England" title="Beatrice of England">Beatrice of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Crouchback" title="Edmund Crouchback">Edmund Crouchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_of_England" title="Katherine of England">Katherine of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Edward_I_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wives: <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_France,_Queen_of_England" title="Margaret of France, Queen of England">Margaret of France, Queen of England</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(son_of_Edward_I)" title="Henry (son of Edward I)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Countess_of_Bar" title="Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar">Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Acre" title="Joan of Acre">Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonso,_Earl_of_Chester" title="Alphonso, Earl of Chester">Alphonso, Earl of Chester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_England,_Duchess_of_Brabant" title="Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant">Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Woodstock" title="Mary of Woodstock">Mary of Woodstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Rhuddlan" title="Elizabeth of Rhuddlan">Elizabeth of Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Brotherton,_1st_Earl_of_Norfolk" title="Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk">Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Woodstock,_1st_Earl_of_Kent" title="Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent">Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Edward_II_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Isabella of France</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Eltham,_Earl_of_Cornwall" title="John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall">John of Eltham, Earl of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Woodstock" title="Eleanor of Woodstock">Eleanor of Woodstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_the_Tower" title="Joan of the Tower">Joan of the Tower</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/Adam_(son_of_Edward_II)" title="Adam (son of Edward II)">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Edward_III_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Black_Prince" title="Edward the Black Prince">Edward the Black Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Countess_of_Bedford" title="Isabella, Countess of Bedford">Isabella de Coucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_England_(died_1348)" title="Joan of England (died 1348)">Joan of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_of_Antwerp,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence">Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Gaunt" title="John of Gaunt">John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Langley,_1st_Duke_of_York" title="Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York">Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Waltham" title="Mary of Waltham">Mary of Waltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Margaret, Countess of Pembroke">Margaret, Countess of Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Woodstock,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester">Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/John_de_Southeray" title="John de Southeray">John de Southeray</a></li> <li>Jane Northland</li> <li>Joan Skerne</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Richard_II_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wives: <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia" title="Anne of Bohemia">Anne of Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Valois" title="Isabella of Valois">Isabella of Valois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_IV_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England" title="Henry IV of England">Henry IV of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wives: <a href="/wiki/Mary_de_Bohun" title="Mary de Bohun">Mary de Bohun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Navarre,_Queen_of_England" title="Joan of Navarre, Queen of England">Joan of Navarre, Queen of England</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Clarence" title="Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence">Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford">John of Lancaster, Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester">Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_of_England" title="Blanche of England">Blanche of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_England" title="Philippa of England">Philippa of England</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: Edmund Leboorde</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_V_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_of_England" title="Henry V of England">Henry V of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Valois" title="Catherine of Valois">Catherine of Valois</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Henry_VI_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou" title="Margaret of Anjou">Margaret of Anjou</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Westminster,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales">Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Edward_IV" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_IV" title="Edward IV">Edward IV</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Woodville" title="Elizabeth Woodville">Elizabeth Woodville</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_York" title="Elizabeth of York">Elizabeth of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_York" title="Mary of York">Mary of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecily_of_York" title="Cecily of York">Cecily of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_York_(1472)" title="Margaret of York (1472)">Margaret of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Shrewsbury,_Duke_of_York" title="Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York">Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_York,_Lady_Howard" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne of York, Lady Howard">Anne of York, Lady Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Plantagenet,_Duke_of_Bedford" title="George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford">George Plantagenet, Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_York" title="Catherine of York">Catherine of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_York" title="Bridget of York">Bridget of York</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: Elizabeth Plantagenet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Plantagenet,_1st_Viscount_Lisle" title="Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle">Arthur Plantagenet, 1st Viscount Lisle</a></li> <li>Grace Plantagenet</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Edward_V" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Edward_V" title="Edward V">Edward V</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>no consort or issue</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Richard_III_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wife: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Neville" title="Anne Neville">Anne Neville</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_of_Middleham,_Prince_of_Wales" title="Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales">Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Illegitimate: <a href="/wiki/John_of_Gloucester" title="John of Gloucester">John of Gloucester</a></li> <li>Katherine, Countess of Pembroke</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Eastwell" title="Richard of Eastwell">Richard of Eastwell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Plantagenet" title="Category:House of Plantagenet">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchs_of_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_monarchs" title="List of German monarchs">Monarchs of Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> during the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> (843–911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Younger" title="Louis the Younger">Louis the Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis the Child</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Francia</a> (911–919)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> (919–962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I_of_Germany" title="Conrad I of Germany">Conrad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Henry I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arnulf,_Duke_of_Bavaria" title="Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria">Arnulf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Kingdom of Germany</a> within the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (962–1806)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Rheinfelden" title="Rudolf of Rheinfelden">Rudolf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hermann_of_Salm" title="Hermann of Salm">Hermann</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair II/III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Berengar" title="Henry Berengar">Henry (VI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Swabia" title="Philip of Swabia">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(VII)_of_Germany" title="Henry (VII) of Germany">Henry (VII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_IV_of_Germany" title="Conrad IV of Germany">Conrad IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Raspe" title="Henry Raspe">Henry (VIII)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Holland" title="William II of Holland">William</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_I_of_Germany" title="Rudolf I of Germany">Rudolf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Adolf, King of the Romans">Adolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Fair" title="Frederick the Fair">Frederick (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_von_Schwarzburg" title="Günther von Schwarzburg">Günther</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia" title="Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia">Wenceslaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Rupert, King of the Romans">Rupert</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jobst_of_Moravia" title="Jobst of Moravia">Jobst</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Germany" title="Albert II of Germany">Albert II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor">Maximilian II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine" title="Confederation of the Rhine">Confederation of the Rhine</a> (1806–1813)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1815–1848)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Austria" title="Ferdinand I of Austria">Ferdinand I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire_(1848%E2%80%931849)" title="German Empire (1848–1849)">German Empire</a> (1848/1849)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduke_John_of_Austria" title="Archduke John of Austria">Archduke John of Austria</a> <small>(Imperial Regent)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> (1850–1866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria">Franz Joseph I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a> (1867–1871)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1871–1918)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">William II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314527#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314527#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q314527#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000024971232">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45095072">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/167956/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHrbKj9rdQ4vq4McPxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118600273">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85123667">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Richard"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub20231174025&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p075007231">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810652806105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007273344505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118600273.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118600273">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/170656969">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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