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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Фульдскія аналы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фульдскія аналы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Фулденски анали – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фулденски анали" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals_fuldenses" title="Annals fuldenses – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Annals fuldenses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuldsk%C3%A9_letopisy" title="Fuldské letopisy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fuldské letopisy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Annales Fuldenses" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anales_de_Fulda" title="Anales de Fulda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anales de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_de_Fulda" title="Annales de Fulda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Annales de Fulda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Annales Fuldenses" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuldski_ljetopisi" title="Fuldski ljetopisi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fuldski ljetopisi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annali_di_Fulda" title="Annali di Fulda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Annali di Fulda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%94" title="האנלים של פולדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האנלים של פולדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuldai_%C3%A9vk%C3%B6nyv" title="Fuldai évkönyv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fuldai évkönyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Annales Fuldenses" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%A8%98" title="フルダ年代記 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フルダ年代記" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Annales Fuldenses" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_Fuldenses" title="Annales Fuldenses – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Annales Fuldenses" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Фульдские анналы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фульдские анналы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuldsk%C3%A9_letopisy" title="Fuldské letopisy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fuldské letopisy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-No_footnotes" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">list of references</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Further_reading" title="Wikipedia:Further reading">related reading</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, <b>but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg/300px-Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg/450px-Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg/600px-Annales_Fuldenses_-_Gesta_quorundam_francorum_regum_715-882.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption>11th century <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a> copy of the <i>Annales Fuldenses</i> kept in the <a href="/wiki/Humanist_Library_of_S%C3%A9lestat" title="Humanist Library of Sélestat">Humanist Library of Sélestat</a>. Entry for the year 855: <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">Earthquake</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><b>Annales Fuldenses</b></i> or <i><b>Annals of Fulda</b></i> are <a href="/wiki/East_Francia" title="East Francia">East Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Chronicle" title="Chronicle">chronicles</a> that cover independently the period from the last years of <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis the Pious</a> (died 840) to shortly after the end of effective <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingian</a> rule in East Francia with the accession of the child-king, <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Child" title="Louis the Child">Louis III</a>, in 900. Throughout this period they are a near contemporary record of the events they describe and a primary source for Carolingian historiography. They are usually read as a counterpart to the narrative found in the West Frankish <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Bertiniani" title="Annales Bertiniani">Annales Bertiniani</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorship_and_manuscripts">Authorship and manuscripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Authorship and manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Annals</i> were composed at the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Fulda" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Fulda">Abbey of Fulda</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>. A note in one manuscript has been taken to prove that the entries down to 838 were composed by <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> (<i>Enhard</i> in the MS), yet it has been convincingly argued that this might only have been a copyist's <a href="/wiki/Colophon_(publishing)" title="Colophon (publishing)">colophon</a> that has abusively entered the manuscript tradition, a sort of accident far from uncommon in medieval <i><a href="/wiki/Scriptoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Scriptoria">scriptoria</a></i>. Be that as it may, a second note sets on more solid grounds the attribution of the annals down to 864 to <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_of_Fulda" title="Rudolf of Fulda">Rudolf of Fulda</a>, whose manuscript, though not conserved, is mentioned in independent sources and has left traces in the tradition. Some scholars believe that the whole work was first put together by an unknown compiler only in the 870s. It has also been suggested that they were continued after 864 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meinhard_(annalist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meinhard (annalist) (page does not exist)">Meinhard</a>, but very little is known of this continuator of Rudolf's work. However, already after 863 the three (Kurze) or two (Hellman) manuscript groups of the <i>Annals</i> break off into different overlapping versions, continuing Rudolf's work down to 882 (or 887) and 896 (or 901). The two alleged principal extensions have been styled the "Mainz" and "Bavarian" continuations respectively. The Mainz version shows strong links with the circle of <a href="/wiki/Liutbert,_Archbishop_of_Mainz" class="mw-redirect" title="Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz">Liutbert, Archbishop of Mainz</a>, and is written from a Franconian perspective and are partisan to Liutbert and the kings he served. The Bavarian continuation was probably written in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> until 896 and thereafter in <a href="/wiki/Niederalteich" title="Niederalteich">Niederalteich</a>. A new edition is eagerly awaited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The years 714 to 830 are largely based on the <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Frankish_Annals" title="Royal Frankish Annals">Royal Frankish Annals</a></i> (741–829) and the <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Lorsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Annals of Lorsch">Annals of Lorsch</a></i> (703–803, including continuations). After that date the <i>Annals of Fulda</i> are relatively independent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The events recorded in the annals include the death of Louis the Pious and the subsequent dividing of the Frankish Empire into three parts at the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a>. After 860, the annals focus mainly on events in eastern Francia and on its king <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_German" title="Louis the German">Louis the German</a> and the king's sons. The Annales also describe in some detail raids conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Vikings</a> in the Frankish Empire from 845 onward. Other events recorded in the Annales include various 'miraculous' events such as comets, earthquakes, and disease. The annals end in 901, a year after the succession of Louis the Child. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Importance">Importance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Importance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the <i><a href="/wiki/Annales_Bertiniani" title="Annales Bertiniani">Annales Bertiniani</a></i> (<i>Annals of Saint-Bertin</i>), the West Frankish narratives of the same events, the <i>Annals of Fulda</i> are the principal historical primary source for ninth-century Carolingian studies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsannalen" title="Reichsannalen">Reichsannalen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReuter1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Reuter" title="Timothy Reuter">Reuter, Timothy</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=icdRAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Annals of Fulda</i></a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719034589" title="Special:BookSources/9780719034589"><bdi>9780719034589</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annals+of+Fulda&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780719034589&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DicdRAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnnales+Fuldenses" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>The Annals of the Holy Roman Empire. The Annals of Fulda: The Annals of Fulda parts 1-5 (714-901 A.D.), The Funeral Annals of Fulda (992 A.D.), The Oldest Annals of Fulda (742-922 A.D.) transl. and annotated by Grzegorz Kazimierz Walkowski (Walkowski,Bydgoszcz,2014)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-930932-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-930932-6-7">978-83-930932-6-7</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13218a.htm"><i>Catholic Encyclopedia</i>: "Rudolf of Fulda."</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&oldid=1245717965">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Annales_Fuldenses&oldid=1245717965</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carolingian_historical_texts_in_Latin" title="Category:Carolingian historical texts in Latin">Carolingian historical texts in Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th-century_books_in_Latin" title="Category:9th-century books in Latin">9th-century books in Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:9th_century_in_East_Francia" title="Category:9th century in East Francia">9th century in East Francia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_in-text_citations_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from September 2024">Articles lacking in-text citations from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_in-text_citations" title="Category:All articles lacking in-text citations">All articles lacking in-text citations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 September 2024, at 17:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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