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class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="4152" class="elementor elementor-4152" data-elementor-post-type="page"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-476f58a elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="476f58a" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0bcfd67" data-id="0bcfd67" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b10165 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5b10165" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><em style="font-size:50%;">The pathway to:</em><br>Long Duration Energy Storage <br>Commercial LiftOff</h1> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-942384a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="942384a" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ecd9bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="6ecd9bd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-eead622 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="eead622" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 08-05-2024 */ .elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}</style> <h2>The power sector will need to rapidly scale and transition to answer emerging environmental and social challenges and meet the Biden administration’s targets for:</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e4dcd2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="e4dcd2c" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5570bcb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="5570bcb" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-96936e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter" data-id="96936e4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="counter.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 08-05-2024 */ .elementor-counter{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:stretch;flex-direction:column-reverse}.elementor-counter .elementor-counter-number{flex-grow:var(--counter-number-grow,0)}.elementor-counter .elementor-counter-number-wrapper{flex:1;display:flex;font-size:69px;font-weight:600;line-height:1;text-align:center}.elementor-counter .elementor-counter-number-prefix{text-align:end;flex-grow:var(--counter-prefix-grow,1);white-space:pre-wrap}.elementor-counter .elementor-counter-number-suffix{text-align:start;flex-grow:var(--counter-suffix-grow,1);white-space:pre-wrap}.elementor-counter .elementor-counter-title{flex:1;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:19px;font-weight:400;line-height:2.5}</style> <div class="elementor-counter"> <div class="elementor-counter-title">Net Zero emissions</div> <div class="elementor-counter-number-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-counter-number-prefix"></span> <span class="elementor-counter-number" data-duration="2000" data-to-value="2050" data-from-value="2050">2050</span> <span class="elementor-counter-number-suffix"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e710c64 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="e710c64" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-53875a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter" data-id="53875a4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="counter.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-counter"> <div class="elementor-counter-title">carbon-pollution free electricity by 2035</div> <div class="elementor-counter-number-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-counter-number-prefix"></span> <span class="elementor-counter-number" data-duration="2000" data-to-value="100" data-from-value="100">100</span> <span class="elementor-counter-number-suffix">%</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8f2cc67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8f2cc67" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4);">Today, the power sector is responsible for one third of domestic emissions. Successfully decarbonizing requires a transition from fossil-fuels-based generation assets to carbon-free power sources such as renewables (e.g., wind, solar) and nuclear. Since variable renewables cannot be turned on and off to meet peak demand in the same manner as fossil-fuels-based generation assets, the grid will need a new way of providing flexibility and reliability.</span></p><p><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4);"><b>Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) is a key option to provide flexibility and reliability in a future decarbonized power system. </b></span><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4);">LDES includes several technologies that store energy over long periods for future dispatch. The Pathways report organizes LDES market by duration of dispatch into four segments: short duration, inter-day LDES, multi-day / week LDES, and seasonal shifting. This report focuses on those two intermediate duration market segments—inter-day and multi-day / week LDES. </span></p><p><em><span style="background-color: var(--ast-global-color-4);">NOTE: Two other market segments (short duration and seasonal shifting) are not directly covered in this report.</span></em></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7fc9b14 elementor-widget__width-initial uael-header-sticky-no uael-border-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-uael-table" data-id="7fc9b14" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="uael-table.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div itemscope class="uael-table-wrapper" itemtype="http://schema.org/Table"> <table id="uael-table-id-7fc9b14" class="uael-text-break uael-column-rules uael-table" data-sort-table="no" data-show-entry="no" data-searchable="no" data-responsive="no"> <thead> <tr class="uael-table-row"> <th data-sort="0" class="sort-this elementor-repeater-item-490f4f8 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text" scope="col"> <span class="sort-style"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner"></span> </span> </span> </th> <th data-sort="1" class="sort-this elementor-repeater-item-b42e2e4 uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text" scope="col"> <span class="sort-style"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Short duration</span> </span> </span> </th> <th data-sort="2" class="sort-this elementor-repeater-item-6b493dc uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text" scope="col"> <span class="sort-style"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Inter-day LDES</span> </span> </span> </th> <th data-sort="3" class="sort-this elementor-repeater-item-107cffa uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text" scope="col"> <span class="sort-style"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Multi-day / week LDES</span> </span> </span> </th> <th data-sort="4" class="sort-this elementor-repeater-item-3ef0b5f uael-table-col uael-table-head-cell-text" scope="col"> <span class="sort-style"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Seasonal Shifting</span> </span> </span> </th> </thead> <tbody>  <tr data-entry="1" class="uael-table-row"> <th class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-293e4d1"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Duration of dispatch</span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-10c1c79" data-title="Short duration"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">0-4 hours</span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-320ff55" data-title="Inter-day LDES"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">10–36 hours </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-a23c0fa" data-title="Multi-day / week LDES"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">36–160 hours </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-06d3f97" data-title="Seasonal Shifting"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">160+ hours</span> </span> </td> </tr><tr data-entry="2" class="uael-table-row"> <th class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-f491dd6"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Storage technologies</span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-e2ffb0f" data-title="Short duration"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Batteries <br> • Flywheels <br> • Some mechanical technologies </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-13db42f" data-title="Inter-day LDES"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Most mechanical technologies <br> • Some electrochemical technologies </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-6e8ebbf" data-title="Multi-day / week LDES"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Many thermal technologies <br> • Many electrochemical technologies </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-c8da812" data-title="Seasonal Shifting"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Chemical storage (e.g., hydrogen) </span> </span> </td> </tr><tr data-entry="3" class="uael-table-row"> <th class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-a8c42f2"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">Primary end-use </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-a13faa2" data-title="Short duration"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Intra-day energy shifting (e.g., day to night) <br> • Frequency regulation </span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-bcc6d18" data-title="Inter-day LDES"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Inter-day energy shifting (e.g., one point in a day to another point the next day)</span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-f980476" data-title="Multi-day / week LDES"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Resilience for extended shortfall of power</span> </span> </td> <td class="uael-table-col uael-table-body-cell-text elementor-repeater-item-6c081c5" data-title="Seasonal Shifting"> <span class="uael-table__text"> <span class="uael-table__text-inner">• Shifting energy over months (e.g., summer to winter)</span> </span> </td> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-410b2d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer" data-id="410b2d6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="spacer.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 08-05-2024 */ .elementor-column .elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--spacer-size)}.e-con{--container-widget-width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer{width:var(--container-widget-width,var(--spacer-size));--align-self:var(--container-widget-align-self,initial);--flex-shrink:0}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container{height:100%;width:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer{height:100%}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer>.elementor-widget-container>.elementor-spacer>.elementor-spacer-inner{height:var(--container-widget-height,var(--spacer-size))}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty{position:relative;min-height:22px;min-width:22px}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon,.e-con>.elementor-widget-spacer.elementor-widget-empty .elementor-widget-empty-icon{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;margin:auto;padding:0;width:22px;height:22px}</style> <div class="elementor-spacer"> <div class="elementor-spacer-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5fcfd2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="5fcfd2c" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-05e1cc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="05e1cc3" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-947a1f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="947a1f9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3>The<strong> U.S. grid may need 225-460 GW of LDES capacity for a net-zero economy by 2050, representing $330B in cumulative capital requirements. </strong></h3><p>While meeting this requirement requires significant levels of investment, analysis shows that, by 2050, net-zero pathways that deploy LDES result in $10-20B in annualized savings in operating costs and avoided capital expenditures compared to pathways that do not.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c12658a e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="c12658a" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"animation":"slideInRight"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b5e761c elementor-view-default elementor-position-top elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="b5e761c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-box.min.css"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon elementor-animation-"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dollar-sign" viewBox="0 0 288 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M209.2 233.4l-108-31.6C88.7 198.2 80 186.5 80 173.5c0-16.3 13.2-29.5 29.5-29.5h66.3c12.2 0 24.2 3.7 34.2 10.5 6.1 4.1 14.3 3.1 19.5-2l34.8-34c7.1-6.9 6.1-18.4-1.8-24.5C238 74.8 207.4 64.1 176 64V16c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-32c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48h-2.5C45.8 64-5.4 118.7.5 183.6c4.2 46.1 39.4 83.6 83.8 96.6l102.5 30c12.5 3.7 21.2 15.3 21.2 28.3 0 16.3-13.2 29.5-29.5 29.5h-66.3C100 368 88 364.3 78 357.5c-6.1-4.1-14.3-3.1-19.5 2l-34.8 34c-7.1 6.9-6.1 18.4 1.8 24.5 24.5 19.2 55.1 29.9 86.5 30v48c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16h32c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-48.2c46.6-.9 90.3-28.6 105.7-72.7 21.5-61.6-14.6-124.8-72.5-141.7z"></path></svg> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > $10-20 billion in savings </span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0f59655 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="0f59655" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f2dd27b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="f2dd27b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-178355d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="178355d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">By following the path outlined in this report, LDES technologies could be the least-cost option for providing three primary market-related benefits:</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-316973a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="316973a" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f5d809 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6f5d809" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-640be47 elementor-flip-box--effect-flip elementor-flip-box--direction-up elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box" data-id="640be47" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="flip-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://liftoff.energy.gov/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-flip-box.min.css"> <div class="elementor-flip-box" tabindex="0"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__inner"> <h3 class="elementor-flip-box__layer__title"> Support and complement the expansion of variable renewables </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__inner"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__description"> <li>LDES can provide stability and flexibility to the grid as variable renewables expand</li> <li>LDES can reduce the cost of grid expansions by providing optionality and planning flexibility</li> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aead854 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="aead854" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-719f797 elementor-flip-box--effect-flip elementor-flip-box--direction-up elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box" data-id="719f797" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="flip-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-flip-box" tabindex="0"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__inner"> <h3 class="elementor-flip-box__layer__title"> Enhance grid resilience and reduce the need for new natural gas capacity </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__inner"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__description"> <li>LDES can improve local and regional resiliency with increasing frequency of extreme weather events</li> <li>Available and cost-effective LDES reduces the need for more than 200GW of new natural gas capacity in a net-zero world</li> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-16a54b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="16a54b9" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-530d126 elementor-flip-box--effect-flip elementor-flip-box--direction-up elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box" data-id="530d126" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="flip-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-flip-box" tabindex="0"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__inner"> <h3 class="elementor-flip-box__layer__title"> Diversify domestic energy storage supply chain </h3> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__inner"> <div class="elementor-flip-box__layer__description"> <li>A diversified set of storage technologies reduces the risk of net-zero goals being contingent upon lithium-ion manufacturing buildout, in addition to increasing the potential availability of lithium-ion for EVs</li> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2c6af09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="2c6af09" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"shape_divider_top":"triangle"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-shape elementor-shape-top" data-negative="false"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <path class="elementor-shape-fill" d="M500,98.9L0,6.1V0h1000v6.1L500,98.9z"/> </svg> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-55ce3c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="55ce3c2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-198908c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="198908c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The focus of this commercialization effort is to understand the challenges, solutions, and potential long-run benefits of LDES achieving technology “liftoff” by 2030. “Liftoff” is defined as the point where the LDES industry becomes a largely self-sustaining market that does not depend on significant levels of public capital and instead attracts private capital with a wide range of risk.</p><p>Improvements in technology performance and cost curves, market and regulatory mechanisms, and supply chain development and planning are needed in the immediate and near term to achieve commercial liftoff.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-117762b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="117762b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Improvements Needed</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6b33cac e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs" data-id="6b33cac" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"horizontal_scroll":"disable"}" data-widget_type="nested-tabs.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="e-n-tabs" data-widget-number="112" aria-label="Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys."> <div class="e-n-tabs-heading" role="tablist"> <button id="e-n-tabs-title-1121" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="true" data-tab-index="1" role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-1121" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 1;"> <span class="e-n-tab-icon"> </span> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Technology Performance & Cost Curves </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tabs-title-1122" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="2" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-1122" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 2;"> <span class="e-n-tab-icon"> </span> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Market & Regulatory Mechanisms </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tabs-title-1123" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="3" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-1123" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 3;"> <span class="e-n-tab-icon"> </span> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Supply Chain Development & Planning </span> </button> </div> <div class="e-n-tabs-content"> <div id="e-n-tab-content-1121" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tabs-title-1121" data-tab-index="1" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 1;" class="e-active elementor-element elementor-element-815aa9f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="815aa9f" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f223123 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="f223123" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fc65491 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="fc65491" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><b>LDES technology cost reduction of 45-55% and Round Trip Efficiency (RTE) improvement of 7-15% by 2030 to attract sustained investment.</b></p><p>To be competitive with alternative options, LDES technology costs should come down by 45–55% by 2028-2030 relative to costs reported by leading technologies today, and both the performance (measured by roundtrip efficiency – RTE) and the working lifetime of LDES technologies would also improve.</p><table><tbody><tr><td> </td><td><strong>Today (for best-in-class technology)</strong></td><td><strong>2030 Target*</strong></td></tr><tr><td>Intra-day LDES</td><td>$1,100–1,400 per kW 69% RTE</td><td>$650 per kW 75% RTE</td></tr><tr><td>Multi-day LDES</td><td>$1,900–2,500 per kW 45% RTE</td><td>$1,100 per kW 55–60% RTE</td></tr></tbody></table><p><em>* Technology improvement and compensation goals outlined in this report are in-line with existing DOE Energy Storage Grand Challenge (ESGC) goals of $0.05/kWh for long-duration stationary applications.</em></p><p>Demonstration and deployment projects – primarily deployed by utilities, developers, and Independent Power Producers with the support of outside funding— are essential for achieving these technology cost-curve and performance improvements. To reach liftoff, LDES technologies could go through three phases of commercialization with in-field projects:</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-732976f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="732976f" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c591209 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="c591209" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7fd2db9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="7fd2db9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1b603d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1b603d4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Demonstrations phase </strong><br />(2023–2025)</p><p>Deploy many small demonstrations to create a visible set of commercial-scale case studies across the market landscape.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e6f2bd0 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="e6f2bd0" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ce0d366 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="ce0d366" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right" viewBox="0 0 256 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8a4b534 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="8a4b534" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c0da210 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="c0da210" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-79cef46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="79cef46" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Scaling & selection phase</strong><br />(2025–2028)</p><p>Prove which technologies benefit the most from scaling and create visibility for technology players standing up supply chains for utility-scale deployment.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c8e82ce e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="c8e82ce" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cf98caf elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="cf98caf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon"> <svg aria-hidden="true" class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right" viewBox="0 0 256 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"></path></svg> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8f4cbec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="8f4cbec" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cf1a37d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="cf1a37d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6dc4025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6dc4025" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Deployment phase</strong><br />(2028–2030+)</p><p>Deploy large projects to affirm LDES technology viability and show the limited need for outside support (i.e., standalone, bankable use cases).</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-b2b3f82 e-con-full elementor-hidden-mobile e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="b2b3f82" data-element_type="container"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-1122" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tabs-title-1122" data-tab-index="2" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 2;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-fbe9664 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="fbe9664" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a05447d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="a05447d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e0ded17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="e0ded17" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>Market compensation of $50-75 per kilowatt-year via resource adequacy compensation or equivalent by 2030 to support a business case for investment.</strong></p><p>Predictable compensation for LDES resource adequacy benefits—(roughly equivalent to an additional ~$50–75 per kW per year by 2030)—would directly support a business case for investment.<span class="tooltip" style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; color: var(--ast-global-color-3);" data-text="This is based on a 15-20% unlevered IRR; For more details on modeling please go to Appendix 4 of the full report."><sup>1</sup> </span> State, regional, and national interventions could ensure that LDES is valued for the benefits it provides to energy markets and infrastructure utilization (e.g., dynamic capacity markets, differentiated capacity products, and a recognition of storage for its dual role in generation and transmission systems). The LDES Pathways report includes both an evaluation LDES market readiness based on grid conditions and policy / market constructs and set of interventions in five categories that could improve LDES deployment:</p><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Intervention</strong></td><td><strong>Goal</strong></td><td><strong>Examples</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Long-term market signals</strong></td><td>Address stakeholder uncertainty and are particularly valuable for investors</td><td><ul><li>Carbon pricing</li><li>GHG reduction targets</li><li>Transmission expansion</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Revenue mechanisms</strong></td><td>Improve investors’ risk-adjusted return on LDES</td><td><ul><li>Capacity markets</li><li>Other market products for longer duration firm dispatchable power</li><li>Long-term bilateral contracts</li><li>24/7 virtual PPAs</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Analytics</strong></td><td>Help to increase transparency and reduce uncertainty among stakeholders to enable long-term planning</td><td><ul><li>Decarbonization modeling tools</li><li>20-30 year integrated resource planning models</li><li>Standardized model inputs</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Direct technology support and enabling measures</strong></td><td>Boost the market for LDES</td><td><ul><li>Direct grants and incentives</li><li>PTCs</li><li>Storage ITCs</li><li>Loan guarantees</li></ul></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Stakeholder support</strong></td><td>Ensure long-term viability of LDES</td><td><ul><li>Increased number of people employed by LDES</li><li>Additional capital devoted to variable renewables or storage</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-1123" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tabs-title-1123" data-tab-index="3" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 3;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-147afaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="147afaa" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d88bdb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="2d88bdb" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0df0966 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="0df0966" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><strong>10-15 gigawatts of annual manufacturing deployment capacity by 2035 to handle the anticipated growth of LDES in the 2030s.</strong></p><p>The timing of LDES manufacturing and deployment capacity expansion is linked to renewables penetration. As renewables adoption grows in select markets, the need for grid integration and flexibility services follows. Bringing down supply-chain-formation-related costs requires repeat deployments of the same technologies suggesting the potential need to identify leading technologies early to enable scaled manufacturing. At least 3 GW of annual LDES manufacturing and deployment capacity will be required per year by 2030 (compared to <1 GW in 2022), and up to 10–15 GW by 2035.</p><p>Workforce will be the most significant risk to deployment, as most forms of LDES are highly engineering and construction intensive. Active planning such as expansion of on-the-job training and registered apprenticeship programs, project hybridization and modular project deployment can preclude gaps.</p><h2 style="text-align: center; font-size: 50px;">1.5 – 2.1M</h2><p style="text-align: center;"><strong>Estimated “direct” job-years required for scale-up over the 30-year development cycle.</strong></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-961f92a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="961f92a" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d52d038 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="d52d038" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"animation":"fadeInLeft"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3278b8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3278b8e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">This report identifies a relatively small set of possible, priority actions for public and private stakeholders to consider in support LDES’s pathway to commercial liftoff </h2> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6600ef0 e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child" data-id="6600ef0" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"animation":"fadeInRight"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-21037ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle" data-id="21037ee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="toggle.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 08-05-2024 */ .elementor-toggle{text-align:start}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title{font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0;padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d8dc;cursor:pointer;outline:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon{display:inline-block;width:1em}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon svg{margin-inline-start:-5px;width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon.elementor-toggle-icon-right{float:right;text-align:right}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon.elementor-toggle-icon-left{float:left;text-align:left}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon .elementor-toggle-icon-closed{display:block}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title .elementor-toggle-icon .elementor-toggle-icon-opened{display:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active{border-bottom:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-toggle-icon-closed{display:none}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title.elementor-active .elementor-toggle-icon-opened{display:block}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-content{padding:15px;border-bottom:1px solid #d5d8dc;display:none}@media (max-width:767px){.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-title{padding:12px}.elementor-toggle .elementor-tab-content{padding:12px 10px}}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-toggle,.e-con>.elementor-widget-toggle{width:var(--container-widget-width);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}</style> <div class="elementor-toggle"> <div class="elementor-toggle-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-3461" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="1" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-3461" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-closed"><svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right" viewBox="0 0 192 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"></path></svg></span> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened"><svg class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span> </span> <a class="elementor-toggle-title" tabindex="0">Federal Government </a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-3461" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="1" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-3461"><ul><li><strong>Financial support</strong>, including grants and loans, for lab-based research to demonstration projects. This has already begun, with DOE’s <a href="https://www.energy.gov/energy-storage-grand-challenge/energy-storage-grand-challenge">Energy Storage Grand Challenge</a>, <a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/long-duration-storage-shot">Long Duration Storage Shot</a>, and demonstration projects from the Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations.</li><li><strong>Modeling tools and valuation frameworks</strong> for regulators, ISOs, and commercial customers to evaluate their LDES needs. The National Laboratories could create publicly available tools and market compensation standards.</li><li><strong>Transparency on technology cost and performance </strong>to help investors, regulators and policymakers quickly adapt their portfolios. The National Laboratories can support research on technology vetting and certification for deployment readiness.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-toggle-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-3462" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="2" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-3462" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-closed"><svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right" viewBox="0 0 192 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"></path></svg></span> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened"><svg class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span> </span> <a class="elementor-toggle-title" tabindex="0">Independent System Operators (ISOs) / Regional Transmission Operators (RTOs)</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-3462" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="2" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-3462"><ul><li><strong>Evaluation of grid needs</strong> to maintain flexibility and reliability with higher amounts of variable renewables.</li><li><strong>Consideration of new mechanisms</strong> (e.g., new capacity market design—potentially duration dependent, longer time horizon resource adequacy studies, interconnection queue reform, and classification of storage assets both as generation and load in transmission planning).</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-toggle-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-3463" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="3" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-3463" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-closed"><svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right" viewBox="0 0 192 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"></path></svg></span> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened"><svg class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span> </span> <a class="elementor-toggle-title" tabindex="0">State Policy Makers</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-3463" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="3" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-3463"><ul><li><strong>State Renewable Portfolio Standards</strong> (RPS) could drive additional LDES deployment.</li><li><strong>Tax breaks or other incentives</strong> to attract early deployments or manufacturing hubs.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-toggle-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-3464" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="4" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-3464" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-closed"><svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right" viewBox="0 0 192 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"></path></svg></span> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened"><svg class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span> </span> <a class="elementor-toggle-title" tabindex="0">State Public Utility Commissions (PUCs)</a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-3464" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="4" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-3464"><ul><li><strong>Updated integrated resource planning and resource adequacy methodologies</strong> (e.g., lengthen duration of IRP assessments).</li><li><strong>Updated rate base guidance or mandates </strong>on LDES investments.</li><li><strong>Approval of early investments</strong> within rate-base (e.g., grid-scale pilots) to accelerate market transformation and reduce longer-term customer costs.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-toggle-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-3465" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="5" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-3465" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-closed"><svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right" viewBox="0 0 192 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"></path></svg></span> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened"><svg class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span> </span> <a class="elementor-toggle-title" tabindex="0">Developers and Investors </a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-3465" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="5" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-3465"><ul><li><strong>Publicity of successful LDES projects</strong> including use of LDES revenue mechanisms (e.g., capacity payments), new business models and financial products.</li><li><strong>Data transparency around specific projects</strong> (e.g., uptime rate, cashflows) to allow capital providers with differing risk profiles to assess technical, project, and market risks.</li><li><strong>Pilots of LDES add-ons</strong> at larger sites to help developers better understand LDES’s system integration and operations implications.</li></ul></div> </div> <div class="elementor-toggle-item"> <div id="elementor-tab-title-3466" class="elementor-tab-title" data-tab="6" role="button" aria-controls="elementor-tab-content-3466" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-closed"><svg class="e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-right" viewBox="0 0 192 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"></path></svg></span> <span class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened"><svg class="elementor-toggle-icon-opened e-font-icon-svg e-fas-caret-up" viewBox="0 0 320 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M288.662 352H31.338c-17.818 0-26.741-21.543-14.142-34.142l128.662-128.662c7.81-7.81 20.474-7.81 28.284 0l128.662 128.662c12.6 12.599 3.676 34.142-14.142 34.142z"></path></svg></span> </span> <a class="elementor-toggle-title" tabindex="0">Energy Customers </a> </div> <div id="elementor-tab-content-3466" class="elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix" data-tab="6" role="region" aria-labelledby="elementor-tab-title-3466"><ul><li><strong>Demand for higher-percentage load-following power purchase agreements (PPAs)</strong> (e.g., 24-7 time matching), especially for customers with ambitious ESG targets and relatively low electricity spend as a percentage of their operating costs.</li><li><strong>Consideration of LDES deployments</strong> <strong>on their own</strong> in applicable on-site, behind-the-meter use cases.</li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d2b5a5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="4d2b5a5" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1c8e352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1c8e352" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Watch the LDES Webinar</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ff0e3a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video" data-id="ff0e3a8" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"youtube_url":"https:\/\/youtu.be\/w4E7fcWpKNY","video_type":"youtube","controls":"yes"}" data-widget_type="video.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <style>/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 08-05-2024 */ .elementor-widget-video .elementor-widget-container{overflow:hidden;transform:translateZ(0)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{aspect-ratio:var(--video-aspect-ratio)}.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper iframe,.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper video{height:100%;width:100%;display:flex;border:none;background-color:#000}@supports not (aspect-ratio:1/1){.elementor-widget-video .elementor-wrapper{position:relative;overflow:hidden;height:0;padding-bottom:calc(100% / 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class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">Download Presentation</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4422136 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent" data-id="4422136" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3405633 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3405633" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dbb2355 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="dbb2355" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">The U.S. Department of Energy, in partnership with other federal, state, and local agencies, has tools to address challenges to commercial liftoff and is committed to working with communities and the private sector to build the nation’s clean energy infrastructure in a way that meets the country’s climate, economic, and environmental justice imperatives.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0515acc elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="0515acc" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a36ec43" data-id="a36ec43" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8063044 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="8063044" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div 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