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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design_and_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design_and_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Design and function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design_and_function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design and function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design_and_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Underground_filling_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underground_filling_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Underground filling stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underground_filling_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negative_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negative_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Negative impacts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Negative_impacts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Negative impacts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Negative_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Human_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Human health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_costs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_costs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Economic costs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_costs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marketing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Premium_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Premium_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Premium brands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Premium_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discount_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discount_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Discount brands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discount_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State-controlled_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State-controlled_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>State-controlled stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State-controlled_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_and_local_branding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_and_local_branding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Global and local branding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_and_local_branding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Payment_methods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Payment_methods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Payment methods</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Payment_methods-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Payment methods subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Payment_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Types of service</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_service-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of service subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brazil_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_goods_and_services_commonly_available" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_goods_and_services_commonly_available"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other goods and services commonly available</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_goods_and_services_commonly_available-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_prices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_prices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Fuel prices</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fuel_prices-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fuel prices subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fuel_prices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rest_of_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rest_of_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Rest of the world</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rest_of_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Service_stations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_stations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Service stations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_stations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Highway_service_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highway_service_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Highway service centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highway_service_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Octane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Octane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Octane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Octane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Differences_in_gasoline_pumps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Differences_in_gasoline_pumps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Differences in gasoline pumps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Differences_in_gasoline_pumps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Worldwide numbers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Worldwide_numbers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Worldwide numbers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Worldwide_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_largest_filling_station_networks_in_Europe_(2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_largest_filling_station_networks_in_Europe_(2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>The largest filling station networks in Europe (2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_largest_filling_station_networks_in_Europe_(2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Filling station</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulstasie" title="Vulstasie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vulstasie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF" title="محطة وقود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محطة وقود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzinera" title="Benzinera – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Benzinera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanacaqdoldurma_m%C9%99nt%C9%99q%C9%99si" title="Yanacaqdoldurma məntəqəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yanacaqdoldurma məntəqəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিলিং স্টেশন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিলিং স্টেশন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinahan" title="Gasolinahan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gasolinahan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бензиностанция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бензиностанция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzinera" title="Benzinera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Benzinera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubilanan" title="Tubilanan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tubilanan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cerpac%C3%AD_stanice_pohonn%C3%BDch_hmot" title="Čerpací stanice pohonných hmot – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čerpací stanice pohonných hmot" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankstation" title="Tankstation – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tankstation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankstelle" title="Tankstelle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tankstelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bensiinijaam" title="Bensiinijaam – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bensiinijaam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BC%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Πρατήριο καυσίμων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρατήριο καυσίμων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_de_servicio" title="Estación de servicio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estación de servicio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzinejo" title="Benzinejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Benzinejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolina-zerbitzugune" title="Gasolina-zerbitzugune – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gasolina-zerbitzugune" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="جایگاه سوخت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جایگاه سوخت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station-service" title="Station-service – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Station-service" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5" title="Доагам чудоттаче – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Доагам чудоттаче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C" title="주유소 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주유소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA" title="पेट्रोल पंप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पेट्रोल पंप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasiun_pengisian_bahan_bakar" title="Stasiun pengisian bahan bakar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stasiun pengisian bahan bakar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isiteshi_sokugcwalisa" title="Isiteshi sokugcwalisa – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Isiteshi sokugcwalisa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stazione_di_servizio" title="Stazione di servizio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stazione di servizio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%93%D7%9C%D7%A7" title="תחנת דלק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחנת דלק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompa_b%C3%A8nsin" title="Pompa bènsin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pompa bènsin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kituo_cha_kujazia_mafuta" title="Kituo cha kujazia mafuta – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kituo cha kujazia mafuta" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degvielas_uzpildes_stacija" title="Degvielas uzpildes stacija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Degvielas uzpildes stacija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Czemanyagt%C3%B6lt%C5%91_%C3%A1llom%C3%A1s" title="Üzemanyagtöltő állomás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Üzemanyagtöltő állomás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stesen_minyak" title="Stesen minyak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Stesen minyak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="စက်သုံးဆီဆိုင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စက်သုံးဆီဆိုင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tankstation" title="Tankstation – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tankstation" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="ガソリンスタンド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガソリンスタンド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bensinstasjon" title="Bensinstasjon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bensinstasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bensinstasjon" title="Bensinstasjon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bensinstasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacja_paliw" title="Stacja paliw – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stacja paliw" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posto_de_abastecimento" title="Posto de abastecimento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Posto de abastecimento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C8%9Bie_de_alimentare" title="Stație de alimentare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stație de alimentare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Автомобильная заправочная станция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Автомобильная заправочная станция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Заправка – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Заправка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istassione_de_serv%C3%ACtziu" title="Istassione de servìtziu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Istassione de servìtziu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_station" title="Gas station – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gas station" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%86" title="فلنگ اسٽيشن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فلنگ اسٽيشن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cerpacia_stanica_pohonn%C3%BDch_l%C3%A1tok" title="Čerpacia stanica pohonných látok – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čerpacia stanica pohonných látok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bencinska_%C4%8Drpalka" title="Bencinska črpalka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bencinska črpalka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanksztela" title="Tanksztela – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tanksztela" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="بەنزینخانە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەنزینخانە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Бензинска станица – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бензинска станица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huoltoasema" title="Huoltoasema – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Huoltoasema" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bensinstation" title="Bensinstation – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bensinstation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinahan" title="Gasolinahan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gasolinahan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%A9%27%C3%B4hke-%C3%A9n%C3%A2hen%C3%A9stove" title="Tsé'ôhke-énâhenéstove – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Tsé'ôhke-énâhenéstove" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaryak%C4%B1t_istasyonu" title="Akaryakıt istasyonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akaryakıt istasyonu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Автозаправна станція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Автозаправна станція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%A1m_x%C4%83ng" title="Trạm xăng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trạm xăng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B9%E7%AB%99" title="加油站 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加油站" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%B9%E7%AB%99" title="油站 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="油站" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B9%E7%AB%99" title="加油站 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加油站" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Facility which sells gasoline and diesel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Charging_station" title="Charging station">charging station</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fuelling_station" title="Fuelling station">fuelling station</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Filling_station" title="Special:EditPage/Filling station">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Filling+station%22">"Filling station"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Filling+station%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Filling+station%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Filling+station%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Filling+station%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Filling+station%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mattoon_Service_Station_(pre-fabricated),_angle_view,_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards,_Culver_City,_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mattoon_Service_Station_%28pre-fabricated%29%2C_angle_view%2C_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards%2C_Culver_City%2C_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg/220px-Mattoon_Service_Station_%28pre-fabricated%29%2C_angle_view%2C_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards%2C_Culver_City%2C_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mattoon_Service_Station_%28pre-fabricated%29%2C_angle_view%2C_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards%2C_Culver_City%2C_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg/330px-Mattoon_Service_Station_%28pre-fabricated%29%2C_angle_view%2C_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards%2C_Culver_City%2C_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Mattoon_Service_Station_%28pre-fabricated%29%2C_angle_view%2C_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards%2C_Culver_City%2C_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg/440px-Mattoon_Service_Station_%28pre-fabricated%29%2C_angle_view%2C_National_%26_Washington_Boulevards%2C_Culver_City%2C_California_LOC_37555778230.jpg 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Pre-fabricated</a> gas station, <a href="/wiki/Culver_City,_California" title="Culver City, California">Culver City, California</a>, US 1977</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BP_filling_station,_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BP_filling_station%2C_Greece.jpg/220px-BP_filling_station%2C_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BP_filling_station%2C_Greece.jpg/330px-BP_filling_station%2C_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/BP_filling_station%2C_Greece.jpg/440px-BP_filling_station%2C_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Filling station in <a href="/wiki/Argos,_Peloponnese" title="Argos, Peloponnese">Argos, Peloponnese</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>filling station</b> (also known as a <b>gas station</b> [<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a></span>] or <b>petrol station</b> [<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a></span>]) is a facility that sells <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricants</a> for <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicles</a>. The most common fuels sold are <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> (or petrol) and <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel fuel</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fuel_dispenser" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel dispenser">Fuel dispensers</a> are used to pump gasoline, diesel, <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compressed_hydrogen" title="Compressed hydrogen">compressed hydrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_compressed_natural_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen compressed natural gas">hydrogen compressed natural gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">liquefied petroleum gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liquid_hydrogen" title="Liquid hydrogen">liquid hydrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_fuel" title="Alcohol fuel">alcohol fuels</a> (like <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Butanol" title="Butanol">butanol</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Propanol" title="Propanol">propanol</a>), <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</a> (like <a href="/wiki/Straight_vegetable_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight vegetable oil">straight vegetable oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a>), or other types of fuel into the tanks within vehicles and calculate the financial cost of the fuel transferred to the vehicle. Besides gasoline pumps, one other significant device which is also found in filling stations and can refuel certain (compressed-air) vehicles is an <a href="/wiki/Air_compressor" title="Air compressor">air compressor</a>, although generally these are just used to inflate car <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tires</a>. </p><p>Many filling stations provide <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a>, which may sell <a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">convenience food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverages">beverages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> products, <a href="/wiki/Lottery_ticket" class="mw-redirect" title="Lottery ticket">lottery tickets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers">newspapers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magazines" class="mw-redirect" title="Magazines">magazines</a>, and, in some cases, a small selection of <a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">grocery</a> items, such as milk or eggs. Some also sell <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> or <a href="/wiki/Butane" title="Butane">butane</a> and have added shops to their primary business. Conversely, some <a href="/wiki/Chain_store" title="Chain store">chain stores</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Supermarkets" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarkets">supermarkets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Discount_store" title="Discount store">discount stores</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_club" title="Warehouse club">warehouse clubs</a>, or traditional convenience stores, have provided fuel pumps on the premises. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> the fuel is known as "gasoline" or "gas" for short, and the terms "<b>gas station</b>" and "<b>service station</b>" are used in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, and the Caribbean. In some regions of Canada, the term "<b>gas bar</b>" (or "gasbar") is used. In the rest of the English-speaking world the fuel is known as "petrol", and the term "<b>petrol station</b>" or "<b>petrol pump</b>" is used. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa "<b>garage</b>" and "<b>forecourt</b>" are still commonly used. Similarly, in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the term "<b>service station</b>" describes any petrol station; Australians and New Zealanders also call it a "<b>servo</b>". In <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_English" title="Pakistani English">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_English" title="Bangladeshi English">Bangladesh</a>, it is called a "<b>petrol pump</b>" or a "<b>petrol bunk</b>". In <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, a commonly used term is <span style="margin-right:.09em"><i>gasoline stand</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Latin_alphabetic_abbreviations" title="List of Japanese Latin alphabetic abbreviations">abbreviation</a> <i>SS</i> (for <i>service station</i>) is also used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WslErsteTanke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/WslErsteTanke.jpg/170px-WslErsteTanke.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/WslErsteTanke.jpg/255px-WslErsteTanke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/WslErsteTanke.jpg/340px-WslErsteTanke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption>The world's first "filling station", the City Pharmacy in <a href="/wiki/Wiesloch" title="Wiesloch">Wiesloch</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>The first known filling station was the city <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy#Community_pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiesloch" title="Wiesloch">Wiesloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Benz" title="Bertha Benz">Bertha Benz</a> refilled the tank of the first <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> on its maiden trip from <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pforzheim" title="Pforzheim">Pforzheim</a> back in 1888. Shortly thereafter other pharmacies sold gasoline as a side business. Since 2008 the <a href="/wiki/Bertha_Benz_Memorial_Route" title="Bertha Benz Memorial Route">Bertha Benz Memorial Route</a> commemorates this event.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first "<i>posto de gasolina</i>" of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> was opened in <a href="/wiki/Santos,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Santos, São Paulo">Santos, São Paulo</a>, Brazil, in 1920. It was located on Ana Costa Avenue, in front of the beach, in a corner that is located by the Hotel Atlântico, which occupies its area nowadays. It was owned by <a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> and brought by Antonio Duarte Moreira, a taxi entrepreneur.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_gas_station_column.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Modern_gas_station_column.jpg/220px-Modern_gas_station_column.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Modern_gas_station_column.jpg/330px-Modern_gas_station_column.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Modern_gas_station_column.jpg/440px-Modern_gas_station_column.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption>Modern gas station column. <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the first filling stations appeared in 1911, when the Imperial Automobile Society signed an agreement with the partnership "Br. Nobel". By 1914 about 440 stations functioned in major cities across the country. </p><p>In the mid-1960s in Moscow there were about 250 stations. A significant boost in retail network development occurred with the mass launch of the car "<a href="/wiki/Zhiguli_(car_brand)" title="Zhiguli (car brand)">Zhiguli</a>" at the <a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">Volga Automobile Plant</a>, which was built in <a href="/wiki/Tolyatti" title="Tolyatti">Tolyatti</a> in 1970. Gasoline for other than non-private cars was sold for <a href="/wiki/Ration_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Ration cards">ration cards</a> only. This type of payment system stopped in the midst of <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">perestroika</a> in the early 1990s. </p><p>Since the saturation of automobile filling stations in Russia is insufficient and lags behind the leading countries of the world, there is a need to accommodate new stations in the cities and along the roads of different levels.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The increase in automobile ownership after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> started to sell <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">automobiles that the middle class could afford</a> resulted in an increased demand for filling stations. The world's first purpose-built gas station was constructed in <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, in 1905 at 420 South Theresa Avenue. The second station was constructed in 1907 by <a href="/wiki/Standard_Oil_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Oil of California">Standard Oil of California</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>, at what is now Pier 32. Reighard's Gas Station in <a href="/wiki/Altoona,_Pennsylvania" title="Altoona, Pennsylvania">Altoona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> claims that it dates from 1909 and is the oldest existing filling station in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early on, they were known to motorists as "filling stations" and often washed vehicle windows for free. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Whitehill-Gleason_Motors" title="Whitehill-Gleason Motors">first "drive-in"</a> filling station, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Refining_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf Refining Company">Gulf Refining Company</a>, opened to the motoring public in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a> on December 1, 1913, at Baum Boulevard and St Clair's Street.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this, automobile drivers pulled into almost any general or hardware store, or even blacksmith shops in order to fill up their tanks. On its first day, the station sold 30 US gallons (110 L) of gasoline at 27 cents per gallon (7 cents per litre). This was also the first architect-designed station and the first to distribute free road maps.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first alternative fuel station was opened in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Fuels" title="Pearson Fuels">Pearson Fuels</a> in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> officials said that on September 26, 2019, RS Automotive in <a href="/wiki/Takoma_Park,_Maryland" title="Takoma Park, Maryland">Takoma Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> became the first filling station in the country to convert to an <a href="/wiki/EV_charging_station" class="mw-redirect" title="EV charging station">EV charging station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_function">Design and function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design and function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Filling_station" title="Special:EditPage/Filling station">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg/220px-Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg/330px-Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg/440px-Shellgasstationlosthills.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Shell</a> station near <a href="/wiki/Lost_Hills,_California" title="Lost Hills, California">Lost Hills, California</a>, US</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG/220px-Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG/330px-Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG/440px-Indian_Oil_Petrol_Station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/IndianOil" class="mw-redirect" title="IndianOil">IndianOil</a> filling station near <a href="/wiki/Dera_Bassi" title="Dera Bassi">Dera Bassi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of filling stations are built in a similar manner, with most of the fueling installation underground, <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pump</a> machines in the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forecourt" class="extiw" title="wikt:forecourt">forecourt</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Point_of_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Point of service">point of service</a> inside a building. Single or multiple <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">fuel tanks</a> are usually deployed underground. Local regulations and environmental concerns may require a different method, with some stations storing their fuel in container tanks, entrenched surface tanks or unprotected fuel tanks deployed on the surface. Fuel is usually offloaded from a <a href="/wiki/Tanker_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanker truck">tanker truck</a> into each tank by gravity through a separate capped opening located on the station's perimeter. Fuel from the tanks travels to the dispenser pumps through underground pipes. For every fuel tank, direct access must be available at all times. Most tanks can be accessed through a service canal directly from the forecourt. </p><p>Older stations tend to use a separate pipe for every kind of available fuel and for every dispenser. Newer stations may employ a single pipe for every dispenser. This pipe houses a number of smaller pipes for the individual fuel types. Fuel tanks, dispenser and nozzles used to fill car tanks employ <a href="/wiki/Vapor_recovery" title="Vapor recovery">vapor recovery</a> systems, which prevents releases of vapor into the atmosphere with a system of pipes. The exhausts are placed as high as possible. A vapor recovery system may be employed at the exhaust pipe. This system collects the vapors, liquefies them and releases them back into the lowest grade fuel tank available. </p><p>The forecourt is the part of a filling station where vehicles are refueled. Gasoline pumps are placed on concrete plinths, as a precautionary measure against collision by motor vehicles. Additional elements may be employed, including metal barriers. The area around the gasoline pumps must have a drainage system. Since fuel sometimes spills onto the pavement, as little of it as possible should remain. Any liquids present on the forecourt will flow into a <a href="/wiki/Channel_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel drain">channel drain</a> before it enters a <a href="/wiki/Petrol_interceptor" title="Petrol interceptor">petrol interceptor</a> which is designed to capture any <a href="/wiki/Hydrocarbon" title="Hydrocarbon">hydrocarbon</a> <a href="/wiki/Pollutants" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollutants">pollutants</a> and filter these from rainwater which may then proceed to a <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sanitary sewer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stormwater_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Stormwater drain">stormwater drain</a>, or to ground. </p><p>If a filling station allows customers to pay at the dispenser, the data from the dispenser may be transmitted via <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a>, <a href="/wiki/RS-485" title="RS-485">RS-485</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> to the point of sale, usually inside the filling station's building, and fed into the station's cash register operating system. The cash register system gives a limited control over the gasoline pump, and is usually limited to allowing the clerks to turn the pumps on and off. A separate system is used to monitor the fuel tank's status and quantities of fuel. With sensors directly in the fuel tank, the data is fed to a terminal in the back room, where it can be downloaded or printed out. Sometimes this method is bypassed, with the fuel tank data transmitted directly to an external database. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Underground_filling_stations">Underground filling stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Underground filling stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The underground modular filling station is a construction model for filling stations that was developed and patented by <a href="/wiki/U-Cont_Oy_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Cont Oy Ltd">U-Cont Oy Ltd</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> in 1993. Afterwards the same system was used in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, US. Above-ground modular stations were built in the 1980s in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and especially in Soviet Union, but they were not built in other parts of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> due to the stations' lack of safety in case of fire. </p><p>The construction model for underground modular filling station makes the installation time shorter, designing easier and manufacturing less expensive. As a proof of the model's installation speed an unofficial world record of filling station installation was made by U-Cont Oy Ltd when a modular filling station was built in Helsinki, Finland in less than three days, including groundwork. The safety of modular filling stations has been tested in a filling station simulator, in <a href="/wiki/Kuopio" title="Kuopio">Kuopio</a>, Finland. These tests have included for instance burning cars and explosions in the station simulator.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Negative_impacts">Negative impacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Negative impacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_health">Human health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Human health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gasoline contains a mixture of <a href="/wiki/BTX_(chemistry)" title="BTX (chemistry)">BTEX</a> hydrocarbons (<a href="/wiki/Benzene" title="Benzene">benzene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toluene" title="Toluene">toluene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethylbenzene" title="Ethylbenzene">ethylbenzene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xylenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Xylenes">xylenes</a>). Prolonged exposure to toluene can cause permanent damage to the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>, and chlorinated solvents can cause liver and kidney problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Adipah_2019_pp._1–9_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adipah_2019_pp._1–9-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benzene in particular causes <a href="/wiki/Leukemia" title="Leukemia">leukemia</a> and is associated with <a href="/wiki/Non-Hodgkin_lymphoma" title="Non-Hodgkin lymphoma">non-Hodgkin lymphoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiple_myeloma" title="Multiple myeloma">multiple myeloma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsieh_Shearston_Hilpert_2021_pp._273–283_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsieh_Shearston_Hilpert_2021_pp._273–283-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People who work in filling stations, live near them, or attend school close to them are exposed to fumes and are at increased lifetime risk of cancer, with risk increased if there are multiple stations nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsieh_Shearston_Hilpert_2021_pp._273–283_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsieh_Shearston_Hilpert_2021_pp._273–283-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some evidence that living near a filling station is a risk for <a href="/wiki/Childhood_leukemia" title="Childhood leukemia">childhood leukemia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steinmaus_Smith_2016_pp._5–7_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinmaus_Smith_2016_pp._5–7-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malavolti_Malagoli_Filippini_Wise_2023_pp._771–782_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malavolti_Malagoli_Filippini_Wise_2023_pp._771–782-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to long-term exposure, there are bursts of short-term exposures to benzene when <a href="/wiki/Tanker_truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanker truck">tanker trucks</a> deliver fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-Canada.ca_2023_c663_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada.ca_2023_c663-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High levels of benzene have been detected near stations across urban, suburban, and rural environments, though the causes (such as road traffic or congestion) can vary by location.<sup id="cite_ref-Karakitsios_Delis_Kassomenos_Pilidis_2007_pp._1889–1902_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karakitsios_Delis_Kassomenos_Pilidis_2007_pp._1889–1902-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gas station attendants have suffered adverse health consequences depending on the type of fuel used, exposure to vehicle exhaust, and types of <a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">personal protective equipment</a> (PPE) offered. Studies have noted higher levels of <a href="/wiki/Chromosomal_deletion" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosomal deletion">chromosomal deletions</a><sup id="cite_ref-Santos-Mello_Cavalcante_1992_pp._285–290_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santos-Mello_Cavalcante_1992_pp._285–290-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and higher rates of <a href="/wiki/Miscarriage" title="Miscarriage">miscarriage</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Silvestre_Delmonico_Bravo_Santiago_2017_pp._730–734_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silvestre_Delmonico_Bravo_Santiago_2017_pp._730–734-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and workers have reported headaches, fatigue, throat irritation and depression.<sup id="cite_ref-Al-Harbi_Alhajri_AlAwadhi_Whalen_2020_p._117847_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Al-Harbi_Alhajri_AlAwadhi_Whalen_2020_p._117847-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exposure to exhaust and fumes has been associated with eye irritation, nausea, dizziness, and cough.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_Umoren_2018_pp._47–57_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson_Umoren_2018_pp._47–57-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gasoline can leak into the surrounding soil and water, posing health risks.<sup id="cite_ref-Hilpert_Mora_Ni_Rule_2015_pp._412–422_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hilpert_Mora_Ni_Rule_2015_pp._412–422-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Areas formerly occupied by stations are often contaminated, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Brownfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownfield">brownfields</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_blight" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban blight">urban blight</a>. Underground storage tanks (USTs) were typically made of steel and were common in the United States, but were prone to corrosion. They received national attention in 1983 after an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a></i> documented significant drinking water contamination from a Mobil station in Canob Park in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Rhode_Island" title="Richmond, Rhode Island">Richmond, Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Detz_2015_g977_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Detz_2015_g977-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to regulations banning these types of tanks in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-epa14-05_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa14-05-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, tanks that ceased operation before 1986 are unlikely to have been recorded, and many underground tanks are thus unknowingly hidden beneath redeveloped land, contributing to soil, groundwater, and indoor air pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-Yasenchak_2009_pp._144–152_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yasenchak_2009_pp._144–152-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the relatively small size of former stations (compared to larger brownfields), the cost-per-acre to rehabilitate the land is higher; the total cost in the United States is not known but is in the billions of dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-Yasenchak_2009_pp._144–152_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yasenchak_2009_pp._144–152-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual cleanups may be complex, with some in Canada taking decades and costing millions of dollars both for the cleanup efforts and in legal fees to determine whether individuals, governments, or corporations are liable for costs.<sup id="cite_ref-Narwhal_2022_c263_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Narwhal_2022_c263-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_costs">Economic costs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Economic costs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cost of potential cleanup of a former filling station can lower property values, discourage development of land, and depress neighbouring property values and potential tax revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-Yasenchak_2009_pp._144–152_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yasenchak_2009_pp._144–152-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When areas are known to be contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks, the sale value of the land and neighbouring area drops.<sup id="cite_ref-Simons_Levin_Sementelli_1997_pp._29–42_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simons_Levin_Sementelli_1997_pp._29–42-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-simonsrobert_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-simonsrobert-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An analysis of residential properties in <a href="/wiki/Cuyahoga_County,_Ohio" title="Cuyahoga County, Ohio">Cuyahoga County, Ohio</a> estimated the loss at about 17% when within 300 feet (91 m) or one block of a registered leaking tank.<sup id="cite_ref-Simons_Levin_Sementelli_1997_pp._29–42_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simons_Levin_Sementelli_1997_pp._29–42-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Active filling stations have similar negative effects on property values, with an analysis in <a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a>, China finding a loss of 16% within 100 metres (330 ft) and 9% when between 301 metres (988 ft) and 600 metres (2,000 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Zhao_Liu_Chen_2017_pp._66–85_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhao_Liu_Chen_2017_pp._66–85-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States and Canada, there are generally two marketing types of filling stations: premium brands and discount brands. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Premium_brands">Premium brands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Premium brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hydrogen_fueling_nozzle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Hydrogen_fueling_nozzle.jpg/170px-Hydrogen_fueling_nozzle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Hydrogen_fueling_nozzle.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="203" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen station">Hydrogen fueling nozzle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Filling stations with <i>premium brands</i> sell well-recognized and often international brands of fuel, including <a href="/wiki/Exxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon">Exxon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> brand, <a href="/wiki/Phillips_66" title="Phillips 66">Phillips 66/Conoco/76</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Husky_Energy" title="Husky Energy">Husky Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunoco" title="Sunoco">Sunoco</a> (US), <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valero_Energy_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Valero Energy Corporation">Valero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a>. Non-international premium brands include <a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada">Petro-Canada</a> (owned by Suncor Energy Canada), <a href="/wiki/QuikTrip" title="QuikTrip">QuikTrip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hess_Corporation" title="Hess Corporation">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinclair Oil">Sinclair</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a>. Premium-brand stations accept <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, often issue their own company cards (<a href="/wiki/Fuel_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel cards">fuel cards</a> or fleet cards) and may charge higher prices. In some cases, fuel cards for customers with a lower fuel consumption are ordered not directly from an oil company, but from an intermediary. Many premium brands have fully automated pay-at-the-pump facilities. Premium stations tend to be highly visible from <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeway">freeway</a> exits, utilizing tall signs to display their brand logos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Discount_brands">Discount brands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Discount brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Discount brands are often smaller, regional chains or independent stations, offering lower fuel prices. Most purchase wholesale commodity gasoline from independent suppliers or the major petroleum companies. Lower-priced stations are also found at some <a href="/wiki/Supermarket" title="Supermarket">supermarkets</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albertsons" title="Albertsons">Albertsons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroger" title="Kroger">Kroger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_Y" title="Big Y">Big Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingles" title="Ingles">Ingles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lowes_Foods" title="Lowes Foods">Lowes Foods</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Giant_Company" title="The Giant Company">Giant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weis_Markets" title="Weis Markets">Weis Markets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Safeway" title="Safeway">Safeway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hy-Vee" title="Hy-Vee">Hy-Vee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vons" title="Vons">Vons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loblaw_Companies" title="Loblaw Companies">Loblaws/Real Canadian Superstore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Giant_Eagle" title="Giant Eagle">Giant Eagle</a>), <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Circle_K" title="Circle K">Circle K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Farms" title="Cumberland Farms">Cumberland Farms</a>, <a href="/wiki/QuickChek" title="QuickChek">QuickChek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Road_Ranger" title="Road Ranger">Road Ranger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheetz" title="Sheetz">Sheetz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speedway_(store)" title="Speedway (store)">Speedway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wawa_(company)" title="Wawa (company)">Wawa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Discount_store#Discount_department_store" title="Discount store">discount stores</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire" title="Canadian Tire">Canadian Tire</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Warehouse_club" title="Warehouse club">warehouse clubs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BJ%27s_Wholesale_Club" title="BJ's Wholesale Club">BJ's Wholesale Club</a>). At some stations (such as <a href="/wiki/Vons" title="Vons">Vons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a> gas stations,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/BJ%27s_Wholesale_Club" title="BJ's Wholesale Club">BJ's Wholesale Club</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a>), consumers are required to hold a special <a href="/wiki/Loyalty_program" title="Loyalty program">membership card</a> to be eligible for the discounted price, or pay only with the chain's <a href="/wiki/Gift_card" title="Gift card">cash card</a>, debt card or a credit card issuer exclusive to that chain. In some areas, such as <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, this practice is illegal, and stations are required to sell to all at the same price. Some convenience stores, such as <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a> and <a href="/wiki/Circle_K" title="Circle K">Circle K</a>, have co-branded their stations with one of the premium brands. After the Gulf Oil company was sold to Chevron, northeastern retail units were sold off as a chain, with Cumberland Farms controlling the remaining <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Oil" title="Gulf Oil">Gulf Oil</a> outlets in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State-controlled_stations">State-controlled stations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: State-controlled stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some countries have only one brand of filling station. In Malaysia, Shell is the dominant player by number of stations, with government-owned <a href="/wiki/Petronas" title="Petronas">Petronas</a> coming in second. In Indonesia, the dominant player by number of stations is the government-owned <a href="/wiki/Pertamina" title="Pertamina">Pertamina</a>, although other companies such as <a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a> and Shell are increasingly found in big cities such as the capital <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Taiwan, the government-owned <a href="/wiki/CPC_Corporation" title="CPC Corporation">CPC Corporation</a> is the dominant player by number of stations, with the privately owned and operated <a href="/wiki/Formosa_Petrochemical" title="Formosa Petrochemical">Formosa Petrochemical Corporation</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B9%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全國加油站 (page does not exist)">NPC</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B9%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="zh:全國加油站">zh</a>]</span> respectively in second and third place. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_and_local_branding">Global and local branding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Global and local branding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EneosGasStation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/EneosGasStation.JPG/220px-EneosGasStation.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/EneosGasStation.JPG/330px-EneosGasStation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/EneosGasStation.JPG/440px-EneosGasStation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>An ENEOS filling station near Mount Fuji in Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>Some companies, such as Shell, use their brand worldwide, however, Chevron uses its inherited brand <a href="/wiki/Caltex" title="Caltex">Caltex</a> in Asia Pacific, Australia and Africa, and its <a href="/wiki/Texaco" title="Texaco">Texaco</a> brand in Europe and Latin America. <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> uses its <a href="/wiki/Exxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon">Exxon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> brands but is still known as <a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> (the forerunner company name, Standard Oil or S.O.) in many places, most noticeably in Canada and Singapore. </p><p>In Brazil, the main operators are <a href="/wiki/Vibra_Energia" title="Vibra Energia">Vibra Energia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petroleo_Ipiranga" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleo Ipiranga">Ipiranga</a>, but Esso and Shell (<a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ADzen" title="Raízen">Raízen</a>) are also present. </p><p>In Mexico, the historical monopoly filling station operator, and still the largest, is <a href="/wiki/Pemex" title="Pemex">Pemex</a>, but ever since Mexico's energy laws were gradually liberalized starting from 2013, foreign brands such as Shell, <a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>, Mobil and <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a>, as well as the country's largest convenience store chain <a href="/wiki/Oxxo" title="Oxxo">Oxxo</a>, have also started operating filling stations. </p><p>In the United Kingdom, the three largest are BP, Esso and Shell; the "Big Four" supermarket chains, <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">Sainsbury's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a>, also operate filling stations, as well as some smaller supermarket chains such as <a href="/wiki/The_Co-operative_Group" title="The Co-operative Group">The Co-operative Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waitrose" title="Waitrose">Waitrose</a>. </p><p>In Poland, the three largest operators are the partially state-owned <a href="/wiki/Orlen" title="Orlen">PKN Orlen</a> (including acquisitions <a href="/wiki/Grupa_Lotos" title="Grupa Lotos">Grupa Lotos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polskie_G%C3%B3rnictwo_Naftowe_i_Gazownictwo" title="Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo">PGNiG</a>), followed by Shell and BP. Smaller operators include <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AVIA_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AVIA International (page does not exist)">AVIA International</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVIA_International" class="extiw" title="de:AVIA International">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Circle_K" title="Circle K">Circle K</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOL_(company)" title="MOL (company)">MOL Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBabka_(convenience_store)" title="Żabka (convenience store)">Żabka</a>. </p><p>In Australia, the major operators are <a href="/wiki/Ampol" title="Ampol">Ampol</a>, BP, Chevron Australia (<a href="/wiki/Caltex" title="Caltex">Caltex</a>), <a href="/wiki/EG_Australia" title="EG Australia">EG Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil_Australia" title="ExxonMobil Australia">ExxonMobil Australia</a> (Mobil), <a href="/wiki/Puma_Energy" title="Puma Energy">Puma Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Petroleum" title="United Petroleum">United Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viva_Energy" title="Viva Energy">Viva Energy</a> (mostly under the dual Shell-<a href="/wiki/Coles_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Coles Express">Coles Express</a> branding). Smaller operators include <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Oil" title="Liberty Oil">Liberty Oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seven_%26_I_Holdings" title="Seven & I Holdings">Seven & i Holdings</a> (operates servos under the <a href="/wiki/7-Eleven" title="7-Eleven">7-Eleven</a> convenience store branding) and <a href="/wiki/Shell_Australia" title="Shell Australia">Shell Australia</a>. </p><p>In India, the three major operators are the <a href="/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector undertakings">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a>, which together control approximately 87% of the market. Foreign brands such as BP (joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance Industries</a>, branded as <a href="/wiki/Jio-bp" title="Jio-bp">Jio-bp</a>) and Shell are also present. </p><p>In Japan, the four major operators are: <a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Oil_Company" title="Cosmo Oil Company">Cosmo Oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idemitsu_Kosan" title="Idemitsu Kosan">Idemitsu</a> (under the brand names <i>apollostation</i> and <i>Idemitsu</i>), <a href="/wiki/JXTG_Nippon_Oil_%26_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="JXTG Nippon Oil & Energy">ENEOS Corporation</a> (under the brand names <i>ENEOS</i>, <i>Express</i> and <i>General</i>) and <a href="/wiki/San-Ai_Oil" title="San-Ai Oil">San-Ai Oil</a> (under the brand name <i>Kygnus</i>). Smaller operators include: <a href="/wiki/Japan_Agricultural_Cooperatives" title="Japan Agricultural Cooperatives">Japan Agricultural Cooperatives</a> (under the brand name <a href="/w/index.php?title=JA-SS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JA-SS (page does not exist)">JA-SS</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/JA-SS" class="extiw" title="ja:JA-SS">ja</a>]</span>, except in Hokkaido where the brand name is <i>Hokuren-SS</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ホクレンSS</span></span>)</span> operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hokuren_Federation_of_Agricultural_Cooperatives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hokuren Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives (page does not exist)">Hokuren Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E5%8D%94%E5%90%8C%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" class="extiw" title="ja:ホクレン農業協同組合連合会">ja</a>]</span>) and <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Group">Mitsubishi Group</a> (operates self-service stations under the <a href="/wiki/Lawson_(store)" title="Lawson (store)">Lawson convenience store branding</a>). Previously, foreign filling station brands were also present in Japan: mainly Shell (operated by Idemitsu since its acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Showa_Shell_Sekiyu" title="Showa Shell Sekiyu">Showa Shell Sekiyu</a> in 2018–19, all rebranded to <i>apollostation</i> by 2023), Esso and Mobil (last operated by ENEOS Corporation under license from ExxonMobil, all rebranded to ENEOS in 2019). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payment_methods">Payment methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Payment methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Australia and New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most service stations allow the customer to pump the fuel before paying. In recent years, some service stations have required customers to purchase their fuel first. In some small towns, the customer may hand the cash to the attendant on the forecourt if they are paying for a set amount of fuel and have no change; but usually customers will enter the service centre to pay a cashier. Some supermarkets have their own forecourts which are unmanned and payment is pay-at-pump only. Customers at the supermarket will receive a discount voucher which offers discounted fuel at their forecourt. The amount of discount varies depending on the amount spent on groceries at the supermarket, but normally starts at 4 cents a litre. </p><p>In New Zealand, BP has an <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app for smartphones</a> that detects a user's location, then allows one to select the type of fuel, which pump, and how much to spend. The amount is then deducted from the user's account. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In British Columbia and Alberta, it is a legal requirement that customers either pre-pay for the fuel or pay at the pump. The law is called "Grant's Law"<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is intended to prevent "gas-and-dash" crimes, where a customer refuels and then drives away without paying for it. In other provinces, payment after filling is permitted and widely available, though some stations may require either a pre-payment or a payment at the pump during night hours. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Republic of Ireland, most stations allow customers to pump fuel before paying. Some stations have pay-at-the-pump facilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_Garage,_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Central_Garage%2C_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg/220px-Central_Garage%2C_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Central_Garage%2C_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg/330px-Central_Garage%2C_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Central_Garage%2C_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg/440px-Central_Garage%2C_Boston_Spa_-_geograph.org.uk_-_618283.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A small independent filling station in <a href="/wiki/Boston_Spa" title="Boston Spa">Boston Spa</a>, West Yorkshire, England</figcaption></figure> <p>A large majority of stations allow customers to pay with a <a href="/wiki/Chip_and_pin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip and pin">chip and pin</a> payment card or pay in the shop. Many have a <a href="/wiki/Pay_at_the_pump" title="Pay at the pump">pay at the pump</a> system, where customers can enter their <a href="/wiki/Personal_identification_number" title="Personal identification number">PIN</a> prior to refueling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_2">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pre-payment is the norm in the US and customers may typically pay either at the pump or inside the gas station. Modern stations have pay-at-the-pump functions: in most cases credit, <a href="/wiki/Debit_card" title="Debit card">debit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automatic_teller_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic teller machine">ATM</a> cards, <a href="/wiki/Fuel_card" title="Fuel card">fuel cards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fleet_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet card">fleet cards</a> are accepted. Occasionally a station will have a pay-at-the-pump-only period per day, when attendants are not present, often at night, and some stations are pay-at-the-pump only 24 hours a day.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_service">Types of service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Types of service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cambodia_gas_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cambodia_gas_station.jpg/220px-Cambodia_gas_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cambodia_gas_station.jpg/330px-Cambodia_gas_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cambodia_gas_station.jpg/440px-Cambodia_gas_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A filling station on the road from the Thai border to <a href="/wiki/Siem_Reap" title="Siem Reap">Siem Reap</a>, Cambodia</figcaption></figure> <p>Filling stations typically offer one of three types of service to their customers: full service, minimum service or self-service. </p> <dl><dt>Full service</dt> <dd>An <a href="/wiki/Filling_station_attendant" title="Filling station attendant">attendant</a> operates the pumps, often wipes the windshield, and sometimes checks the vehicle's oil level and tire pressure, then collects payment and perhaps a small tip.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Minimum service</dt> <dd>An attendant operates the pumps. This is often required due to legislation that prohibits customers from operating the pumps.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Self service</dt> <dd>The customer performs all required service. Signs informing the customer of filling procedures and cautions are displayed on each pump. Customers can still enter a store or go to a booth to give payment to a person.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Unstaffed</dt> <dd>Using <a href="/wiki/Cardlock" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardlock">cardlock</a> (or pay-at-the-pump) system, these are completely unstaffed.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil_2">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg/220px-Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg/330px-Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg/440px-Postodegasolinafeiradesantana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Royal Dutch Shell</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Feira_de_Santana" title="Feira de Santana">Feira de Santana</a>, Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>In Brazil, self-service fuel filling is illegal, due to a federal law enacted in 2000. The law was introduced by Federal Deputy <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Rebelo" title="Aldo Rebelo">Aldo Rebelo</a>, who claims it saved 300,000 <a href="/wiki/Filling_station_attendant" title="Filling station attendant">fuel attendant</a> jobs across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG/220px-Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG/330px-Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG/440px-Lawson_Shingu_Misaki3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Lawson_(store)" title="Lawson (store)">Lawson</a> self-service station with attached convenience store in <a href="/wiki/Shing%C5%AB,_Fukuoka" title="Shingū, Fukuoka">Shingū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka_Prefecture" title="Fukuoka Prefecture">Fukuoka</a>, Japan</figcaption></figure> <p>Before 1998, filling stations in Japan were entirely full-service stations. Self-service stations were legalized in Japan in 1998 following the abolition of the Special Petroleum Law, which led to the deregulation of the petroleum industry in Japan. Under current safety regulations, while motorists are able to self-dispense fuel at self-service stations, generally identified in Japanese as <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">serufu</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">セルフ</span></span>)</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at least one fuel attendant must be on hand to keep watch over potential safety violations and to render assistance to motorists whenever necessary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg/220px-20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg/330px-20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg/440px-20150127%EA%B3%BC%EC%B2%9C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9C%A0%EC%86%8C27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/GS_Caltex" title="GS Caltex">GS Caltex</a> full-service station in <a href="/wiki/Gwacheon" title="Gwacheon">Gwacheon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province" title="Gyeonggi Province">Gyeonggi</a>, South Korea</figcaption></figure> <p>Filling stations in South Korea offer a variety of services, such as providing bottled water or tissues, and cleaning free of charge. But most have switched to self-service.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some large full-service stations have many services, such as tire pressure charging, automatic car washing, and self-cleaning. Some of them are free to gas customers who spend more than a certain amount. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America_2">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png/220px-Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png/330px-Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png/440px-Self-Serve_Gas_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="6900" data-file-height="4326" /></a><figcaption>Red counties do not permit self-service. Blue counties require full-service, but allow stations to permit self-service.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the past, filling stations in the United States offered a choice between <i>full service</i> and <i>self service</i>. Before 1970, full service was the norm, and self-service was rare. Today, few stations advertise or provide full service. Full service stations are more common in wealthy and upscale areas. The cost of full service is usually assessed as a fixed amount per US gallon. </p><p>The first self-service station in the United States was in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, opened in 1947 by Frank Urich.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the first self-service station opened in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, in 1949. It was operated by the independent company Henderson Thriftway Petroleum, owned by Bill Henderson.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont,_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont%2C_California.jpg/220px-Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont%2C_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont%2C_California.jpg/330px-Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont%2C_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont%2C_California.jpg/440px-Mobil_gas_station_in_Belmont%2C_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>A typical US filling station, like this <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Belmont,_California" title="Belmont, California">Belmont, California</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrocan_gasbar,_8th_St,_Saskatoon.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Petrocan_gasbar%2C_8th_St%2C_Saskatoon.JPG/220px-Petrocan_gasbar%2C_8th_St%2C_Saskatoon.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Petrocan_gasbar%2C_8th_St%2C_Saskatoon.JPG/330px-Petrocan_gasbar%2C_8th_St%2C_Saskatoon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Petrocan_gasbar%2C_8th_St%2C_Saskatoon.JPG/440px-Petrocan_gasbar%2C_8th_St%2C_Saskatoon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A typical Canadian station, like this <a href="/wiki/Petro-Canada" title="Petro-Canada">Petro-Canada</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Saskatoon,_Saskatchewan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saskatoon, Saskatchewan">Saskatoon, Saskatchewan</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheetz_canopy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sheetz_canopy.jpg/220px-Sheetz_canopy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sheetz_canopy.jpg/330px-Sheetz_canopy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sheetz_canopy.jpg/440px-Sheetz_canopy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="1599" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Sheetz" title="Sheetz">Sheetz</a> station with several pumps in <a href="/wiki/Breezewood,_Pennsylvania" title="Breezewood, Pennsylvania">Breezewood, Pennsylvania</a>, US</figcaption></figure> <p>In New Jersey, filling stations offer only full service (and mini service); attendants there are required to pump gasoline for customers. Customers, in fact, are prohibited by law from pumping their own gasoline. The only exception to this within New Jersey is at the filling station next to <a href="/wiki/Joint_Base_McGuire%E2%80%93Dix%E2%80%93Lakehurst" title="Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst">Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wrightstown,_New_Jersey" title="Wrightstown, New Jersey">Wrightstown</a>. New Jersey prohibited self-service in 1949, with the passage of "Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act," after lobbying by service station owners. That laws states that "Because of the fire hazards directly associated with dispensing fuel, it is in the public interest that gasoline station operators have the control needed over that activity to ensure compliance with appropriate safety procedures, including turning off vehicle engines and refraining from smoking while fuel is dispensed."<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of the prohibition cite safety and jobs as reasons to keep the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of note, the ban does not apply to the pumping of diesel fuel at filling stations (though individual filling stations may prohibit this); nor does it apply to the pumping of gasoline into boats or aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> prohibited self-service in a 1951 statute prohibiting that listed 17 different justifications, including <a href="/wiki/Flammability" class="mw-redirect" title="Flammability">flammability</a>, the risk of crime from customers leaving their vehicles, toxic fumes, and the jobs created by requiring mini service.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982 Oregon voters rejected a ballot measure sponsored by the service station owners, which would have legalized self-service.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oregon legislators passed a bill that was signed into law by the Governor in May 2017 to allow self-service for counties with a total population of 40,000 or less beginning in January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Oregon" title="Governor of Oregon">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Tina_Kotek" title="Tina Kotek">Tina Kotek</a> passed a law allowing for it in 2023, but stations are still required to provide full-serve for customers who want it.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitutionality of the self-service bans has been disputed. The Oregon statute was brought into court in 1989 by <a href="/wiki/ARCO" title="ARCO">ARCO</a>, and the New Jersey statute was challenged in court in 1950 by a small independent service station, Rein Motors. Both challenges failed. Former New Jersey governor <a href="/wiki/Jon_Corzine" title="Jon Corzine">Jon Corzine</a> sought to lift the ban on self-service for New Jersey. He asserted that it would be able to lower gas prices, but some New Jerseyans argued that it could cause drawbacks, especially unemployment.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Huntington,_New_York" title="Huntington, New York">Huntington, New York</a> has prohibited self-service stations since the early 1970s firstly to prevent theft and later due to safety concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The towns of <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington, Massachusetts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Weymouth, Massachusetts">Weymouth, Massachusetts</a> have also prohibited self-service stations since 1975 and 1977, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Contrary to popular belief, lit cigarettes are not capable of igniting <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a>. However, several states outlaw smoking at gas stations as the fire from the ignition source used to light the cigarette can ignite gasoline vapors. Most gas stations and many municipalities will also explicitly ban any smoking activity within certain distances of gasoline pumps.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_goods_and_services_commonly_available">Other goods and services commonly available</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other goods and services commonly available"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg/220px-Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg/330px-Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg/440px-Spar_Express_Wattens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3512" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Spar_(retailer)" title="Spar (retailer)">Spar</a> express convenience store in a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Shell">Shell</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Wattens" title="Wattens">Wattens</a>, Austria.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many filling stations provide <a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">toilet facilities</a> for customer use, as well as <a href="/wiki/Squeegee" title="Squeegee">squeegees</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paper_towel" title="Paper towel">paper towels</a> for customers to clean their vehicle's windows. Discount stations may not provide these amenities in some countries. </p><p>Stations typically have an <a href="/wiki/Gas_compressor" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas compressor">air compressor</a>, typically with a built-in or provided handheld <a href="/wiki/Tire-pressure_gauge" title="Tire-pressure gauge">tire-pressure gauge</a>, to inflate tires and a hose to add water to vehicle <a href="/wiki/Radiator_(engine_cooling)" title="Radiator (engine cooling)">radiators</a>. Some air compressor machines are free of charge, while others charge a small fee to use (typically 50 cents to a dollar in North America). In US states, such as California, state law requires that paying customers must be provided with free air compressor service and radiator water.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some regions of America and Australia, many filling stations have a mechanic on duty, but this practice has died out in other parts of the world. </p><p>Many filling stations have integrated <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a> which sell food, beverages, and often cigarettes, lottery tickets, motor oil, and auto parts. Prices for these items tend to be higher than they would be at a supermarket or discount store. </p><p>Many stations, particularly in the United States, have a <a href="/wiki/Fast_food_outlet" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast food outlet">fast food outlet</a> inside. These are usually "express" versions with limited seating and limited menus, though some may be regular-sized and have spacious seating. Larger restaurants are common at <a href="/wiki/Truck_stop" title="Truck stop">truck stops</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll road</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Service plaza">service plazas</a>. </p><p>In some US states, beer, wine, and liquor are sold at filling stations, though this practice varies according to state law (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_the_United_States_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol laws of the United States by state">Alcohol laws of the United States by state</a></i>). <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> also allows the operation of <a href="/wiki/Slot_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Slot machines">slot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_poker" title="Video poker">video poker</a> machines without time restrictions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_cleaner" title="Vacuum cleaner">Vacuum cleaners</a>, often coin-operated, are a common amenity to allow the cleaning of vehicle interiors, either by the customer or by an attendant. </p><p>Some stations are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Car_wash" title="Car wash">car washes</a>. Car washes are sometimes offered free of charge or at a discounted price with a certain amount of fuel purchased. Conversely, some car washes operate filling stations to supplement their businesses. </p><p>From approximately 1920 to 1980, many service stations in the US provided free <a href="/wiki/Road_maps" class="mw-redirect" title="Road maps">road maps</a> affiliated with their parent oil companies to customers. This practice fell out of favor due to the <a href="/wiki/1970s_energy_crisis" title="1970s energy crisis">1970s energy crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuel_prices">Fuel prices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Fuel prices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing" title="Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing">Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg/170px-Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg/255px-Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg/340px-Preismast_AVIA_Walldorf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>Fuel prices in Germany (cents per liter)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morrisons_filling_station,_Wetherby_(1st_February_2013)_003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Morrisons_filling_station%2C_Wetherby_%281st_February_2013%29_003.JPG/220px-Morrisons_filling_station%2C_Wetherby_%281st_February_2013%29_003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Morrisons_filling_station%2C_Wetherby_%281st_February_2013%29_003.JPG/330px-Morrisons_filling_station%2C_Wetherby_%281st_February_2013%29_003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Morrisons_filling_station%2C_Wetherby_%281st_February_2013%29_003.JPG/440px-Morrisons_filling_station%2C_Wetherby_%281st_February_2013%29_003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>Many supermarkets in Europe have branched into gasoline retailing, as shown by this <a href="/wiki/Morrisons" title="Morrisons">Morrisons</a> filling station in <a href="/wiki/Wetherby" title="Wetherby">Wetherby</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> member states, gasoline prices are much higher than in North America due to higher <a href="/wiki/Fuel_excise" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuel excise">fuel excise</a> or <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a>, although the base price is also higher than in the US. Occasionally, price rises trigger national protests. In the UK, a large-scale protest in August and September 2000, known as '<a href="/wiki/Fuel_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fuel protests in the United Kingdom">The Fuel Crisis</a>', caused wide-scale havoc not only across the UK, but also in some other EU countries. The <a href="/wiki/First_Blair_ministry" title="First Blair ministry">UK Government</a> eventually backed down by indefinitely postponing a planned increase in fuel duty. This was partially reversed during December 2006 when then-<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a> raised fuel duty by 1.25 pence per liter. </p> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 200px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 200px; height: 170px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="200" data-height="170" data-zoom="2" data-lat="50" data-lon="20" data-overlays="["_e8780859bdedd648d9a2af0fbeb99d9577d3f51d"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/2/50/20/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,2,50,20,200x170.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Filling_station&revid=1256165715&groups=_e8780859bdedd648d9a2af0fbeb99d9577d3f51d" width="200" height="170" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,2,50,20,200x170@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Filling_station&revid=1256165715&groups=_e8780859bdedd648d9a2af0fbeb99d9577d3f51d 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="thumbcaption">National prices representative of gasoline price (Eurosuper 95) on 24 September 2018, as provided by EU member states<br /> Legend: <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#47c63e; color:black;"> </span> </span> < €1.25 /L < <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#d0c038; color:black;"> </span> </span> < €1.35 /L < <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f06020; color:black;"> </span> </span> < €1.50 /L < <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#f00000; color:black;"> </span> </span> <br /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#808080; color:black;"> </span> </span> Non member state<br /> source European Union DG ENER <sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div> <p>Since 2007, gasoline prices in the UK rose by nearly 40 pence per liter, going from 97.3 pence per liter in 2007 to 136.8 pence per liter in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In much of Europe, including the UK, France and Germany, stations operated by large supermarket chains usually price fuel lower than stand-alone stations. In most of mainland Europe, sales tax is lower on diesel fuel than on gasoline, and diesel is accordingly the cheaper fuel: in the UK and Switzerland, diesel has no tax advantage and retails at a higher price by quantity than gasoline (offset by its higher energy yield). </p><p>In 2014, according to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, the mean EU28 price was €1.38 /L for euro-super 95 (gasoline), €1.26 /L for diesel.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_prices_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_prices-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The least expensive gasoline was in Estonia at €1.10 /L, and the most expensive at €1.57 /L in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_prices_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_prices-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The least expensive diesel was in Estonia at €1.14 /L, and the most expensive at €1.54 /L in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_prices_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_prices-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The least expensive <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas" title="Liquefied petroleum gas">LPG</a> was in Belgium at €0.50 /L, and the most expensive at €0.83 /L in France.<sup id="cite_ref-Consumer_prices_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consumer_prices-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America_3">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg/220px-Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg/330px-Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg/440px-Gas-pump-Indiana-USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pay_at_the_pump" title="Pay at the pump">Pay-at-the-pump</a> gasoline pump</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Annual_and_monthly_averages_of_U.S._retail_prices_for_regular_grade_gasoline_and_major_price_components_from_January_2014_through_March_2019_and_forecasted_to_December_2019_(40662425773).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Annual_and_monthly_averages_of_U.S._retail_prices_for_regular_grade_gasoline_and_major_price_components_from_January_2014_through_March_2019_and_forecasted_to_December_2019_%2840662425773%29.png/220px-thumbnail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Annual_and_monthly_averages_of_U.S._retail_prices_for_regular_grade_gasoline_and_major_price_components_from_January_2014_through_March_2019_and_forecasted_to_December_2019_%2840662425773%29.png/330px-thumbnail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Annual_and_monthly_averages_of_U.S._retail_prices_for_regular_grade_gasoline_and_major_price_components_from_January_2014_through_March_2019_and_forecasted_to_December_2019_%2840662425773%29.png/440px-thumbnail.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="281" /></a><figcaption>Retail markup over crude oil and wholesale gasoline, 2014–2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Nearly all filling stations in North America advertise their prices on large signs outside the stations. Some locations have laws requiring such signage.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada and the United States, federal, state or provincial, and local sales taxes are usually included in the price, although tax details are often posted at the pump and some stations may provide details on sales receipts. Gasoline taxes are often <a href="/wiki/Ring_Fenced" class="mw-redirect" title="Ring Fenced">ring-fenced</a> (dedicated) to fund transportation projects such as the maintenance of existing roads and the construction of new ones. </p><p>Individual filling stations in the United States have little if any control over gasoline prices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The wholesale price of gasoline is determined according to area by oil companies which supply the gasoline, and their prices are largely determined by the world markets for oil. Individual stations are unlikely to sell gasoline at a loss, and the profit margin—typically between 7 and 11 cents a US gallon (2–3 cents per liter)—that they make from gasoline sales is limited by competitive pressures: a gas station which charges more than others will lose customers to them. Most stations try to compensate by selling higher-margin food products in their <a href="/wiki/Convenience_stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenience stores">convenience stores</a>. </p><p>Even with oil market fluctuations, prices for gasoline in the United States are among the lowest in the industrialized world; this is principally due to lower taxes. While the sales price of gasoline in Europe is more than twice that in the United States, the price excluding taxes is nearly identical in the two areas. Some Canadians and Mexicans in communities close to the US border drive into the United States to purchase cheaper gasoline. </p><p>Due to heavy fluctuations in price in the United States, some stations offer their customers the option to buy and store gasoline for future uses, such as the service provided by First Fuel Bank. </p><p>In order to save money, some consumers in Canada and the United States inform each other about low and high prices through the use of <a href="/wiki/Gasoline_price_website" title="Gasoline price website">gasoline price websites</a>. Such websites allow users to share prices advertised at filling stations with each other by posting them to a central server. Consumers then may check the prices listed in their geographic area in order to select the station with the lowest price available at the time. Some television and radio stations also compile pricing information via viewer and listener reports of pricing or reporter observations and present it as a regular segment of their newscasts, usually before or after traffic reports. These price observations must usually be made by reading the pricing signs outside stations, as many companies do not give their prices by telephone due to competitive concerns. It is a criminal offense to have written or verbal arrangements with competitors, suppliers or customers for: </p> <ul><li>Fixing prices and exchanging information on prices or cost (including discounts and rebates),</li> <li>Limiting or restraining competition unduly,</li> <li>Engaging in misleading or deceptive practices.</li></ul> <p>Gas stations must never hold discussions with other competitors regarding pricing policies and methods, terms of sale, costs, allocation of markets or boycotts of our petroleum products.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rest_of_the_world">Rest of the world</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Rest of the world"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GasStationHiroshima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/GasStationHiroshima.jpg/220px-GasStationHiroshima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/GasStationHiroshima.jpg/330px-GasStationHiroshima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/GasStationHiroshima.jpg/440px-GasStationHiroshima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Like many gasoline stands in Japan, this <a href="/wiki/Showa_Shell_Sekiyu" title="Showa Shell Sekiyu">Shell</a> filling station has hoses that hang from above.</figcaption></figure> <p>In other energy-importing countries such as Japan, gasoline and petroleum product prices are higher than in the United States because of fuel transportation costs and taxes. </p><p>On the other hand, some of the major oil-producing countries such as the <a href="/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf" title="Arab states of the Persian Gulf">Gulf states</a>, Iran, Iraq, and Venezuela provide subsidized fuel at well-below world market prices. This practice tends to encourage heavy consumption. </p><p>Hong Kong has some of the highest pump prices in the world, but most customers are given discounts as card members. </p><p>Singapore, like Hong Kong, also has similarly high pump prices, which are largely based on a pricing strategy called <a href="/wiki/Mean_of_Platts_Singapore" title="Mean of Platts Singapore">Mean of Platts Singapore</a> (MOPS). As Singapore does not have any oil reserves of its own, the city-state has instead built several off-shore refineries to refine oil imported mostly from Indonesian oil fields, as the latter country does not have enough refining capacity and capability of its own. Because neighbouring country Malaysia has cheaper pump prices than Singapore, cars registered in Singapore crossing over into Malaysia are legally required to have at least three-quarters of a tank of fuel since 1991 to prevent evading fuel duties,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when filling up in Malaysia, Singaporean-and Thai-registered hybrid and petrol-powered vehicles are legally restricted to only fill up on unsubsidised, premium-grade RON97-100 petrol, as RON95 petrol in Malaysia is partially subsidised by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Government of Malaysia</a> for the benefit of lower-income Malaysian residents.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> a program called <a href="/wiki/FuelWatch" title="FuelWatch">FuelWatch</a> requires most filling stations to notify their "tomorrow prices" by 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>pm each day; prices are changed at 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>am each morning, and must be held for 24 hours. Each afternoon, the prices for the next day are released to the public and the media, allowing consumers to decide when to fill up. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_stations">Service stations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Service stations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShellTrueNorth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ShellTrueNorth.jpg/200px-ShellTrueNorth.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ShellTrueNorth.jpg/300px-ShellTrueNorth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/ShellTrueNorth.jpg/400px-ShellTrueNorth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a> in 2020. The building, which formerly housed a service station, was converted into a <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience store</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A service station or "servo" is the terminology often used in Australia, along with petrol station, to describe any facility where motorists can refuel their cars. </p><p>In New Zealand a filling station is often referred to as a service station, petrol station or garage, even though it may not offer mechanical repairs or assistance with dispensing fuel. Levels of service available include full service, for which assistance in dispensing fuel is offered, as well as offers to check tire pressure or clean vehicle windscreens. That type of service is becoming uncommon in New Zealand, particularly Auckland. Further south of Auckland, many filling stations offer full service. There is also help service or assisted service, for which customers must request assistance before it is given, and self-service, for which no assistance is available. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ServiceStation.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ServiceStation.jpeg/220px-ServiceStation.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ServiceStation.jpeg/330px-ServiceStation.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/ServiceStation.jpeg/440px-ServiceStation.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="701" /></a><figcaption>US service station <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1950s</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_filling_stations_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of filling stations in North America">List of filling stations in North America</a></div> <p>In the US, a filling station that also offers services such as oil changes and mechanical repairs to automobiles is called a service station. Until the 1970s the vast majority of filling stations were service stations.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These stations typically offered free air for inflating tires, as compressed air was already on hand to operate the repair garage's pneumatic tools. While a few filling stations with a service station remain, many in the 1980s and 1990s were <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_reuse" title="Adaptive reuse">converted</a> to <a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">convenience stores</a> while still selling fuel, while others continued to offer services but discontinued offering fuel. </p><p>This kind of business provided the name for the US comic strip <i><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_Alley_(comic_strip)" title="Gasoline Alley (comic strip)">Gasoline Alley</a></i>, where a number of the characters worked. </p><p>In the UK and Ireland, a 'service station' refers to much larger facilities, usually attached to motorways (see <a href="/wiki/Rest_area" title="Rest area">rest area</a>) or major truck routes, which provide food outlets, large parking areas, and often other services such as hotels, arcade games, and shops in addition to 24-hour fuel supplies and a higher standard of restrooms. Fuel is typically more expensive from these outlets due to their premium locations. UK or Irish service stations do not usually repair automobiles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Highway_service_centre">Highway service centre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Highway service centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg/220px-Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg/330px-Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg/440px-Linnatuulen_liikenneasema_19_elokuu_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2019" data-file-height="1514" /></a><figcaption>Linnatuuli, a highway service centre in <a href="/wiki/Janakkala" title="Janakkala">Janakkala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, along the <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Highway" class="mw-redirect" title="Tampere Highway">Tampere Highway</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_route_E12" title="European route E12">E12</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>This arrangement occurs on many <a href="/wiki/Toll_road" title="Toll road">toll roads</a> and some interstate freeways and is called an <a href="/wiki/Highway_oasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway oasis">oasis</a> or service plaza. In many cases, these centers might have a food court or restaurants. In the United Kingdom and Ireland these are called <a href="/wiki/Motorway_service_area" title="Motorway service area">motorway service areas</a>. </p><p>Often, the state government maintains public <a href="/wiki/Rest_area" title="Rest area">rest areas</a> directly connected to freeways, but does not rent out space to private businesses, as this is specifically prohibited by law via the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aid_Highway_Act_of_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956">Interstate Highway Act of 1956</a> which created the national <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a>, except sites on freeways built before January 1, 1960, and toll highways that are self-supporting but have Interstate designation, under a <a href="/wiki/Grandfather_clause" title="Grandfather clause">grandfather clause</a>. As a result, such areas often provide only minimal services such as restrooms and vending machines. </p><p>Private entrepreneurs develop additional facilities, such as <a href="/wiki/Truck_stop" title="Truck stop">truck stops</a> or travel centers, restaurants, gas stations, and motels in clusters on private land adjacent to major interchanges. In the US, <a href="/wiki/Pilot_Flying_J" title="Pilot Flying J">Pilot Flying J</a> and <a href="/wiki/TravelCenters_of_America" title="TravelCenters of America">TravelCenters of America</a> are two of the most common full-service chains of truck stops. Because these facilities are not directly connected to the freeway, they usually have huge signs on poles high enough to be visible by motorists in time to exit from the freeway.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sometimes, the state also posts small official signs (normally blue) indicating what types of filling stations, restaurants, and hotels are available at an upcoming exit; businesses may add their logos to these signs for a fee. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the province of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> has stops along two of its 400-series highways, the 401 and the 400, traditionally referred to as "Service Centres", but recently renamed "<a href="/wiki/ONroute" title="ONroute">ONroute</a>" as part of a full rebuild of the sites. Owned by the provincial government, but leased to private operator Host Kilmer Service Centres, they contain food courts, convenience stores, washrooms, and co-located gas and diesel bars with attached convenience stores. Food providers include <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hortons" title="Tim Hortons">Tim Hortons</a> (at all sites), <a href="/wiki/A%26W_(Canada)" title="A&W (Canada)">A&W</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendy%27s" title="Wendy's">Wendy's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Pizza" title="Pizza Pizza">Pizza Pizza</a>. At most sites fuel is sold by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Tire" title="Canadian Tire">Canadian Tire</a>, with a few older <a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a> gas bars at earlier renovated locations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Octane">Octane</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Octane"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating">Octane rating</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg/220px-Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg/330px-Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg/440px-Florida_Department_of_Agriculture_Petroleum_Inspection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a><figcaption>A state petroleum inspector visiting a <a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> station in <a href="/wiki/Port_Charlotte,_Florida" title="Port Charlotte, Florida">Port Charlotte, Florida</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In Australia, gasoline is unleaded, and available in 91, 95, 98 and 100 <a href="/wiki/Octane" title="Octane">octane</a> (names differ from brand to brand). Fuel additives for use in cars designed for leaded fuel are available at most filling stations. </p><p>In Canada, the most commonly found octane grades are 87 (regular), 89 (mid grade) and 91 (premium), using the same "(R+M)/2 Method" used in the US (see below). </p><p>In China, the most commonly found octane grade is RON 91 (regular), 93 (mid grade) and 97 (premium). Almost all of the fuel has been unleaded since 2000. In some premium filling stations in large cities, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=PetrolChina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PetrolChina (page does not exist)">PetrolChina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sinopec" title="Sinopec">Sinopec</a>, RON 98 gas is sold for racing cars. </p><p>In Europe, gasoline is unleaded and available in 95 RON (<i>Eurosuper</i>) and, in nearly all countries, 98 RON (<i>Super Plus</i>) octanes; in some countries 91 RON octane gasoline is offered as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition, 100 RON is offered in some countries in continental Europe (Shell markets this as <i><a href="/wiki/V-Power" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Power">V-Power</a> Racing</i>). Some stations offer 98 RON with lead substitute (often called Lead-Replacement Petrol, or LRP). </p><p>In New Zealand, gasoline is unleaded, and most commonly available in 91 RON ("Regular") and 95 RON ("Premium"). 98 RON is available at selected BP ("Ultimate") and Mobil ("Synergy 8000") service stations instead of the standard 95 RON. 96 RON was replaced by 95 RON, and subsequently abolished in 2006. Leaded fuel was abolished in 1996. </p><p>In the UK the most common gasoline grade (and lowest octane generally available) is 'Premium' 95 RON unleaded. 'Super' is widely available at 97 RON (for example <i><a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell</a> <a href="/wiki/V-Power" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Power">V-Power</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a> Ultimate</i>). Leaded fuel is no longer available. </p><p>In the United States all motor vehicle gasoline is <a href="/wiki/Tetraethyllead" title="Tetraethyllead">unleaded</a> and is available in several grades with different <a href="/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating">octane rating</a>; 87 (Regular), 89 (Mid-Grade), and 93 (Premium) are typical grades. At high altitudes in the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills" title="Black Hills">Black Hills</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>, regular unleaded can be as low as 85 octane; this practice has become increasingly controversial, since it was instituted when most cars had carburetors instead of the fuel injection and electronic engine controls standard in recent decades.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the US gasoline is described in terms of its "pump octane", which is the <a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_mean" title="Arithmetic mean">mean</a> of their "RON" (Research Octane Number) and "MON" (Motor Octane Number). Labels on pumps in the US typically describe this as the "(R+M)/2 Method". Some nations describe fuels according to the traditional RON or MON ratings, so octane ratings cannot always be compared with the equivalent US rating by the "(R+M)/2 method". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences_in_gasoline_pumps">Differences in gasoline pumps</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Differences in gasoline pumps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_service_station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/A_service_station.jpg/220px-A_service_station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/A_service_station.jpg/330px-A_service_station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/A_service_station.jpg/440px-A_service_station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>A service station in Angola</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asda_self_service_petrol_station,_Middleton,_Leeds_(3rd_May_2015).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Asda_self_service_petrol_station%2C_Middleton%2C_Leeds_%283rd_May_2015%29.JPG/220px-Asda_self_service_petrol_station%2C_Middleton%2C_Leeds_%283rd_May_2015%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Asda_self_service_petrol_station%2C_Middleton%2C_Leeds_%283rd_May_2015%29.JPG/330px-Asda_self_service_petrol_station%2C_Middleton%2C_Leeds_%283rd_May_2015%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Asda_self_service_petrol_station%2C_Middleton%2C_Leeds_%283rd_May_2015%29.JPG/440px-Asda_self_service_petrol_station%2C_Middleton%2C_Leeds_%283rd_May_2015%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>An unstaffed <a href="/wiki/Asda" title="Asda">Asda</a> self-service filling station where payment is made at the pump by credit or debit card. This one is in <a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Leeds" title="Middleton, Leeds">Middleton, Leeds</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gasoline_pump" title="Gasoline pump">Gasoline pump</a></div> <p>In Europe, New Zealand and Australia, the customer selects one of several colour-coded nozzles depending on the type of fuel required. The filler pipe of unleaded fuel is smaller than the one for fuels for engines designed to take leaded fuel. The tank filler opening has a corresponding diameter; this prevents inadvertently using leaded fuel in an engine not designed for it, which can damage a <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converter</a>. In most stations in Canada and the US, the pump has a single nozzle and the customer selects the desired octane grade by pushing a button. Some pumps require the customer to pick up the nozzle first, then lift a lever underneath it; others are designed so that lifting the nozzle automatically releases a switch. Some newer stations have separate nozzles for different types of fuel. Where diesel fuel is provided, it is usually dispensed from a separate nozzle even if the various grades of gasoline share the same nozzle. </p><p>Motorists occasionally pump gasoline into a diesel car by accident. The converse is almost impossible because diesel pumps have a large nozzle with a diameter of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">15</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> inch (23.8 mm) which does not fit the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">13</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span>-inch (20.6 mm) filler, and the nozzles are protected by a lock mechanism or a liftable flap. Diesel fuel in a gasoline engine—while creating large amounts of smoke—does not normally cause permanent damage if it is drained once the mistake is realized. However even a liter of gasoline added to the tank of a modern diesel car can cause irreversible damage to the injection pump and other components through a lack of lubrication. In some cases, the car has to be scrapped because the cost of repairs exceeds its residual value. The issue is not clear-cut as older diesels using completely mechanical injection can tolerate some gasoline—which has historically been used to "thin" diesel fuel in winter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg/170px-Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg/255px-Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg/340px-Petrol_pump_Fire_Marshall_warning_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A no smoking sign at a filling station</figcaption></figure> <p>In most countries,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stations are subjected to guidelines and regulations which exist to minimize the potential of fires, and increase safety. </p><p>It is prohibited to use open flames on the forecourt of a filling station because of the risk of igniting gasoline <a href="/wiki/Vapor" title="Vapor">vapor</a>. In the United States, establishing fire codes and enforcing their compliance is the responsibility of state governments.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most localities ban smoking, open flames and running engines. Since the increased occurrence of static-related fires many stations have warnings about leaving the refueling point. </p><p>Cars can build up <a href="/wiki/Static_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Static charge">static charge</a> by driving on dry road surfaces. However many tire compounds contain enough <a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">carbon black</a> to provide an <a href="/wiki/Electrical_ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical ground">electrical ground</a> which prevents charge build-up. Newer "high mileage" tires use more silica and can increase the buildup of static. A driver who does not discharge static by contacting a conductive part of the car will carry it to the insulated handle of the nozzle and the static potential will eventually be discharged when this purposely-grounded arrangement is put into contact with the metallic filler neck of the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ordinarily, vapor concentrations in the area of this filling operation are below the <a href="/wiki/Lower_explosive_limit" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower explosive limit">lower explosive limit</a> (LEL) of the product being dispensed, so the static discharge causes no problem. The problem with ungrounded gasoline cans results from a combination of vehicular static charge, the potential between the container and the vehicle, and the loose fit between the grounded nozzle and the gas can. This last condition causes a rich vapor concentration in the <a href="/wiki/Ullage" title="Ullage">ullage</a> (the unfilled volume) of the gas can, and a discharge from the can to the grounded hanging hardware (the nozzle, hose, swivels and break-a-ways) can thus occur at a most inopportune point. The Petroleum Equipment Institute has recorded incidents of static-related ignition at refueling sites since early 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Urban_legend" title="Urban legend">urban legends</a> persist that using a mobile phone while pumping gasoline can cause sparks or explosion, this has not been duplicated under any controlled condition. Nevertheless, mobile phone manufacturers and gas stations ask users to switch off their phones. One suggested origin of this myth is said to have been started by gas station companies because the cell phone signal would interfere with the fuel counter on some older model fuel pumps causing it to give a lower reading. In the <i><a href="/wiki/MythBusters" title="MythBusters">MythBusters</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/MythBusters_(2003_season)#Episode_2_.E2.80.93_.22Cell_Phone_Destruction.2C_Silicone_Breasts.2C_CD-ROM_Shattering.22" title="MythBusters (2003 season)">Cell Phone Destruction</a>", investigators concluded that explosions attributed to cell phones could be caused by static discharges from clothing instead and also observed that such incidents seem to involve women more often than men. </p><p>The US <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Protection_Association" title="National Fire Protection Association">National Fire Protection Association</a> does most of the research and code writing to address the potential for explosions of gasoline vapor. The customer fueling area, up to 18 inches (46 cm) above the surface, normally does not have explosive concentrations of vapors, but may from time to time. Above this height, where most fuel filler necks are located, there is no expectation of an explosive concentration of gasoline vapor in normal operating conditions. <a href="/wiki/Electrical_equipment_in_hazardous_areas" title="Electrical equipment in hazardous areas">Electrical equipment</a> in the fueling area may be specially certified for use around gasoline vapors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worldwide_numbers">Worldwide numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Worldwide numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The UK has 8,385 filling stations As of 2019<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> down from about 18,000 in 1992<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a peak of around 40,000 in the mid-1960s.</li> <li>The US had 114,474 stations in 2012, according to the US Census Bureau, down from 118,756 in 2007 and 121,446 in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Canada, the number is on the decline. As of December 2008, 12,684 were in operation, significantly down from about 20,000 stations recorded in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Japan, the number dropped from a peak of 60,421 in 1994 to 40,357 at the end of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In Germany, the number dropped down to 14,300 in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In China, according to different reports, the total number of gas/oil stations (at the end of 2018) is about 106,000.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>India—60,799 (as of November 2017)</li> <li>Russia—there were about 25,000 stations in the Russian Federation (2011)</li> <li>In Argentina, as of 2021, there are more than 5,000 stations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_largest_filling_station_networks_in_Europe_(2017)"><span id="The_largest_filling_station_networks_in_Europe_.282017.29"></span>The largest filling station networks in Europe (2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: The largest filling station networks in Europe (2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a>—8,200 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a>—7,800 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a>—7,000 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">Esso</a>—6,100 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni</a>—5,500 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repsol" title="Repsol">Repsol</a>—4,700 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Kuwait Petroleum Corporation">Q8</a>—4,600 stations</li> <li>Avia—3,000 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PKN_Orlen" class="mw-redirect" title="PKN Orlen">PKN Orlen</a>—2,800 stations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_K" title="Circle K">Circle K</a>—2,700 stations<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a> (LPG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_fueling" title="Automated fueling">Automated fueling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_store" title="Convenience store">Convenience store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filling_station_attendant" title="Filling station attendant">Filling station attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas pump">Gas pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline_usage_and_pricing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasoline usage and pricing">Gasoline usage and pricing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_oasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway oasis">Highway oasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrogen station">Hydrogen station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automotive_fuel_retailers" title="List of automotive fuel retailers">List of automotive fuel retailers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Connections_of_Propane,_Butane_and_LPG_Containers" class="mw-redirect" title="Valve Connections of Propane, Butane and LPG Containers">LPG tank connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Convenience_Stores" title="National Association of Convenience Stores">National Association of Convenience Stores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propellant_depot" class="mw-redirect" title="Propellant depot">Propellant depot</a> (a gas station in space)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_trip" title="Road trip">Road trip</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ガソリンスタンド</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">gasorin sutando</i></span>, a <i><a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">wasei-eigo</a></i> term</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205060111/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rzK2QYQHl4&feature=related">The Car is Born – A documentary about Carl and Bertha Benz</a> (YouTube)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertha-benz.de/indexen.php?sub=2&col=b&inhalt=pers_erstetankst">"Bertha Benz Memorial Route"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923183832/http://www.bertha-benz.de/indexen.php?sub=2&col=b&inhalt=pers_erstetankst">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bertha+Benz+Memorial+Route&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bertha-benz.de%2Findexen.php%3Fsub%3D2%26col%3Db%26inhalt%3Dpers_erstetankst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.juicysantos.com.br/vida-caicara/nostalgia-santista/desde-que-gasolina-era-com-z/">"Desde que gasolina era com 'z'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 2016-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Desde+que+gasolina+era+com+%27z%27&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.juicysantos.com.br%2Fvida-caicara%2Fnostalgia-santista%2Fdesde-que-gasolina-era-com-z%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170707/http://vinso-azs.ru/articles/istoriya-razvitiya-azs-v-rossii.html">"The history of filling stations in Russia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinso-azs.ru/articles/istoriya-razvitiya-azs-v-rossii.html">the original</a> on 2017-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+history+of+filling+stations+in+Russia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvinso-azs.ru%2Farticles%2Fistoriya-razvitiya-azs-v-rossii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150605194309/http://www.pennsylvania-mountains-of-attractions.com/oldest-gasoline-station.html">"America's Oldest Gasoline Station"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pennsylvania-mountains-of-attractions.com/oldest-gasoline-station.html">the original</a> on 5 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+Oldest+Gasoline+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pennsylvania-mountains-of-attractions.com%2Foldest-gasoline-station.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=364">First Drive-In Filling Station</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101215050139/http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=364">Archived</a> 2010-12-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, ExplorePAhistory.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150611163521/http://www.nacsonline.com/YourBusiness/FuelsReports/GasPrices_2011/Pages/100PlusYearsGasolineRetailing.aspx">"The History of Gasoline Retailing - NACS Online – Your Business – NACS Retail Fuels Reports – 2011 NACS Retail Fuels Report"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacsonline.com/YourBusiness/FuelsReports/GasPrices_2011/Pages/100PlusYearsGasolineRetailing.aspx">the original</a> on 11 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Gasoline+Retailing+-+NACS+Online+%E2%80%93+Your+Business+%E2%80%93+NACS+Retail+Fuels+Reports+%E2%80%93+2011+NACS+Retail+Fuels+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacsonline.com%2FYourBusiness%2FFuelsReports%2FGasPrices_2011%2FPages%2F100PlusYearsGasolineRetailing.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141128210318/http://domesticfuel.com/2008/08/06/e85-station-opens-in-concord-california/">"E85 Station Opens in Concord, California"</a>. <i>Energy</i>. 2008-08-06. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myhusky.ca/your_business/facilities/standalone_cardlock.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Husky+Cardlocks+%E2%80%93+MyHusky.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myhusky.ca%2Fyour_business%2Ffacilities%2Fstandalone_cardlock.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldo_Rebelo2015" class="citation news cs1">Aldo Rebelo (2015-02-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/paineldoleitor/2015/02/1593346-ministro-aldo-rebelo-comenta-artigo-sobre-baixo-crescimento.shtml">"Ministro Aldo Rebelo comenta artigo sobre baixo crescimento"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo" title="Folha de S.Paulo">Folha de S.Paulo</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226151143/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/paineldoleitor/2015/02/1593346-ministro-aldo-rebelo-comenta-artigo-sobre-baixo-crescimento.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-02-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Folha+de+S.Paulo&rft.atitle=Ministro+Aldo+Rebelo+comenta+artigo+sobre+baixo+crescimento&rft.date=2015-02-23&rft.au=Aldo+Rebelo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Fpaineldoleitor%2F2015%2F02%2F1593346-ministro-aldo-rebelo-comenta-artigo-sobre-baixo-crescimento.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226211639/http://www.realestate-tokyo.com/news/gas-stations-in-japan/">"Gas Stations in Japan - How to fill up"</a>. <i>realestate-tokyo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realestate-tokyo.com/news/gas-stations-in-japan/">the original</a> on 2018-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=realestate-tokyo.com&rft.atitle=Gas+Stations+in+Japan+-+How+to+fill+up&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realestate-tokyo.com%2Fnews%2Fgas-stations-in-japan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/economy/industry-company/2023/11/03/SBK5VOXKP5BUTNDN6S3IE2KEVU/">이제 전국 주유소의 절반 넘었다… ‘셀프 전성시대’</a> - The Chosun Daily</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamaker2011" class="citation web cs1">Hamaker, Sarah (October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150311001247/http://www.nacsonline.com/Magazine/PastIssues/2011/October2011/Pages/Feature8.aspx">"Self-Serve Evolution"</a>. <i>The Association for Convenience & Fuel Retailing</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Free+Press&rft.atitle=P+is+for+Pump&rft.date=2008-08-22&rft.aulast=Gackle&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegfreepress.com%2Fhistoric%2F33017474.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/labor/lsse/laws/Retail_Gasoline_Act_and_Regs.html#19611">"Department of Labor and Workforce Development | Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act and Regulations"</a>. <i>www.nj.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nj.gov&rft.atitle=Department+of+Labor+and+Workforce+Development+%7C+Retail+Gasoline+Dispensing+Safety+Act+and+Regulations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Flabor%2Flsse%2Flaws%2FRetail_Gasoline_Act_and_Regs.html%2319611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenovese2004" class="citation book cs1">Genovese, Peter (2004). "Full-service gas stations". In Lurie, Maxine N.; Mappen, Marc (eds.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopedianewj00luri"><i>Encyclopedia of New Jersey</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Piscataway,_New_Jersey" title="Piscataway, New Jersey">Piscataway, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopedianewj00luri/page/n321">295</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3325-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3325-4"><bdi>978-0-8135-3325-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Full-service+gas+stations&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Jersey&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3325-4&rft.aulast=Genovese&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopedianewj00luri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nj.gov/labor/lsse/laws/Retail_Gasoline_Act_and_Regs.html#19611">"Department of Labor and Workforce Development | Retail Gasoline Dispensing Safety Act and Regulations"</a>. <i>www.nj.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nj.gov&rft.atitle=Department+of+Labor+and+Workforce+Development+%7C+Retail+Gasoline+Dispensing+Safety+Act+and+Regulations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.gov%2Flabor%2Flsse%2Flaws%2FRetail_Gasoline_Act_and_Regs.html%2319611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Revised_Statutes" title="Oregon Revised Statutes">ORS</a> 480.315. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors480.html">"Chapter 480"</a>. <i>Oregon Revised Statutes, 2007 edition</i>. Legislative Counsel Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Legislative_Assembly" title="Oregon Legislative Assembly">Oregon Legislative Assembly</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oregon+Revised+Statutes%2C+2007+edition&rft.atitle=Chapter+480&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlegislature.gov%2Fbills_laws%2Fors%2Fors480.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ballot Measure 4 of 1982 was titled "Permits Self-Service Dispensing of Motor Vehicle Fuel at Retail" and failed with 440,824 votes in favor and 597,970 against. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Documents/elections/initiative.pdf">"Initiative, Referendum and Recall: 1980–1987"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Blue_Book" title="Oregon Blue Book">Oregon Blue Book</a></i>. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/index.ssf/2017/12/many_central_oregon_gas_statio.html">the original</a> on 31 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Many+central+Oregon+gas+stations+to+pass+on+self-service&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fpacific-northwest-news%2Findex.ssf%2F2017%2F12%2Fmany_central_oregon_gas_statio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2023" class="citation web cs1">Rose, Andy (2023-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/06/us/oregon-drivers-pump-own-fuel-law/index.html">"Oregon drivers are now allowed to pump their own fuel after the state lifted a ban dating back to 1951"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Oregon+drivers+are+now+allowed+to+pump+their+own+fuel+after+the+state+lifted+a+ban+dating+back+to+1951&rft.date=2023-08-06&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F08%2F06%2Fus%2Foregon-drivers-pump-own-fuel-law%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/12/04/self-service-gas-stations-huntington-long-island/">"Long Island Town May Finally Give Gas Station Owners Option Of Having Self-Service Pumps"</a>. 2019-12-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Your_Industry/Petrol_Stations/">the original</a> on 3 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petrol+Stations+%E2%80%93+Health+and+Safety+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hsa.ie%2Feng%2FYour_Industry%2FPetrol_Stations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erb.org.zm/press/publications/brochures/Rural%20Service%20Stations%20Brochure.pdf">Gas station regulations Zambia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318082443/http://www.erb.org.zm/press/publications/brochures/Rural%20Service%20Stations%20Brochure.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161119043125/http://www.hse.gov.uk/fireandexplosion/owner-petrol-station.htm">"If you are an operator of or an employee at a petrol filling station – Petrol: Fire and Explosion"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hse.gov.uk/fireandexplosion/owner-petrol-station.htm">the original</a> on 19 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=If+you+are+an+operator+of+or+an+employee+at+a+petrol+filling+station+%E2%80%93+Petrol%3A+Fire+and+Explosion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hse.gov.uk%2Ffireandexplosion%2Fowner-petrol-station.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rura.rw/fileadmin/docs/Petrol_station_Guidelines.pdf">Gas station regulations Rwanda</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080227/http://www.rura.rw/fileadmin/docs/Petrol_station_Guidelines.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title15/chapter49&edition=prelim#:~:text=(5)%20While%20fire%20prevention%20and,losses%20is%20to%20be%20achieved.">"15 USC Ch. 49: Fire Prevention and Control"</a>. <i>uscode.house.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukpia.com/industry_information/industry-overview.aspx">the original</a> on 30 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UKPIA+%E2%80%93+Refining+Britain%27s+Fuels+%E2%80%93+Industry+Overview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukpia.com%2Findustry_information%2Findustry-overview.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213022442/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ECN/2012_US/44SSSZ1//naics~447">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ECN/2012_US/44SSSZ1//naics~447">the original</a> on 13 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FECN%2F2012_US%2F44SSSZ1%2F%2Fnaics~447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213025647/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ECN/2007_US/44SSSZ1//naics~447">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ECN/2007_US/44SSSZ1//naics~447">the original</a> on 13 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FECN%2F2007_US%2F44SSSZ1%2F%2Fnaics~447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200213011645/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ECN/2002_US/44SSSZ1//naics~447">"American FactFinder – Results"</a>. U.S. Census Bureau. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+FactFinder+%E2%80%93+Results&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fbkmk%2Ftable%2F1.0%2Fen%2FECN%2F2002_US%2F44SSSZ1%2F%2Fnaics~447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120722142320/http://www.canadianbusiness.com/markets/marketwire/article.jsp?content=20090507_083504_3_ccn_ccn">Number of Gas Stations in Canada Continues to Decline | Markets | News Releases | CCN | Canadian Business Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meti.go.jp/report/downloadfiles/11609b01_00j.pdf">2010 Report into Future Service Stations from METI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130206204005/http://www.meti.go.jp/report/downloadfiles/11609b01_00j.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFADAC" class="citation web cs1">ADAC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150408062947/http://www.adac.de/infotestrat/tanken-kraftstoffe-und-antrieb/probleme-tankstelle/anzahl-tankstellen-markenverteilung/">"Anzahl an Tankstellen und Markenverteilung"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adac.de/infotestrat/tanken-kraftstoffe-und-antrieb/probleme-tankstelle/anzahl-tankstellen-markenverteilung/">the original</a> on 8 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anzahl+an+Tankstellen+und+Markenverteilung&rft.au=ADAC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adac.de%2Finfotestrat%2Ftanken-kraftstoffe-und-antrieb%2Fprobleme-tankstelle%2Fanzahl-tankstellen-markenverteilung%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qianzhan.com/analyst/detail/220/191115-10cfe5dd.html">2019年中国加油站行业竞争格局与发展趋势行业研究两桶油各占半壁江山【组图】</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nafta.wnp.pl/orlen-w-pierwszej-dziesiatce-w-europie,324509_1_0_0.html">"Orlen w pierwszej dziesiątce w Europie"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orlen+w+pierwszej+dziesi%C4%85tce+w+Europie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnafta.wnp.pl%2Forlen-w-pierwszej-dziesiatce-w-europie%2C324509_1_0_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreund2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Freund, David (2016). <i>Gas Stop: The gas station in American life and landscape 1978–1981</i>. Vol. 4 volumes. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783958291737" title="Special:BookSources/9783958291737"><bdi>9783958291737</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gas+Stop%3A+The+gas+station+in+American+life+and+landscape+1978%E2%80%931981&rft.place=G%C3%B6ttingen%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Steidl-Verlag&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9783958291737&rft.aulast=Freund&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span> – <a href="/wiki/Grayscale" title="Grayscale">Grayscale</a> photos taken 1978 to 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/david-freund">Review</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180129054209/https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/david-freund">Archived</a> 2018-01-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarwood1980" class="citation thesis cs1">Garwood, Robert Douglas (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=whkZOAAACAAJ"><i>The Rise of the American Gas Station</i></a> (MA thesis). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9431056">9431056</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Rise+of+the+American+Gas+Station&rft.inst=University+of+Oregon&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9431056&rft.aulast=Garwood&rft.aufirst=Robert+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwhkZOAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelmsFlohe1997" class="citation book cs1">Helms, Todd; Flohe, Chip (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jUgJAAAACAAJ"><i>Roadside Memories: A Collection of Vintage Gas Station Photographs</i></a>. Atglen, PA, USA: Schiffer Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0764302787" title="Special:BookSources/0764302787"><bdi>0764302787</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roadside+Memories%3A+A+Collection+of+Vintage+Gas+Station+Photographs&rft.place=Atglen%2C+PA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Schiffer+Publishing&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0764302787&rft.aulast=Helms&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft.au=Flohe%2C+Chip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjUgJAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendersonBenjamin1994" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Wayne; Benjamin, Scott (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IorXPAAACAAJ"><i>Gas Stations</i></a>. Crestline series. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0879389451" title="Special:BookSources/0879389451"><bdi>0879389451</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gas+Stations&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI%2C+USA&rft.series=Crestline+series&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0879389451&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.au=Benjamin%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIorXPAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson2013" class="citation book cs1">————————— (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eACKoAEACAAJ"><i>One Hundred Years of Gas Stations</i></a>. Kernersville, NC, USA: PCM Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0965573665" title="Special:BookSources/978-0965573665"><bdi>978-0965573665</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+Years+of+Gas+Stations&rft.place=Kernersville%2C+NC%2C+USA&rft.pub=PCM+Publishing&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0965573665&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeACKoAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJakleSculle2002" class="citation book cs1">Jakle, John A.; Sculle, Keith A. (2002) [Originally published 1994]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lgqXd_nH7fIC"><i>The Gas Station in America</i></a>. Creating the North American landscape series. Baltimore and London: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801869196" title="Special:BookSources/0801869196"><bdi>0801869196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gas+Station+in+America&rft.place=Baltimore+and+London&rft.series=Creating+the+North+American+landscape+series&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0801869196&rft.aulast=Jakle&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.au=Sculle%2C+Keith+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlgqXd_nH7fIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1998" class="citation book cs1">Jones, William D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7IC0AAAACAAJ"><i>Motor Cars and Serv-us Stations</i></a>. Aberdeen, WA, USA: Jones Photo Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0966634209" title="Special:BookSources/0966634209"><bdi>0966634209</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motor+Cars+and+Serv-us+Stations&rft.place=Aberdeen%2C+WA%2C+USA&rft.pub=Jones+Photo+Co&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0966634209&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7IC0AAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirn1995" class="citation book cs1">Kirn, M., ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KQ5XAgAACAAJ"><i>American Service Stations: 1935 Through 1943</i></a>. Photo Archive series. Minneapolis, MN, USA: Iconografix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1882256271" title="Special:BookSources/1882256271"><bdi>1882256271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Service+Stations%3A+1935+Through+1943&rft.place=Minneapolis%2C+MN%2C+USA&rft.series=Photo+Archive+series&rft.pub=Iconografix&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1882256271&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKQ5XAgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1985" class="citation book cs1">Lee, Bob (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gH9UGwAACAAJ"><i>10 Gallons for a Dollar: A Pictoral  [</i>sic<i>] History of Gas Pump Companies and Service Stations</i></a>. Detroit: Harlo. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12946173">12946173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=10+Gallons+for+a+Dollar%3A+A+Pictoral+%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+History+of+Gas+Pump+Companies+and+Service+Stations&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Harlo&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12946173&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgH9UGwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLehman2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Lehman, Bree (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FCPQXwAACAAJ"><i>Ed Ruscha's Gas Stations and the Return of Nostalgia</i></a> (MA thesis). <a href="/wiki/Williams_College" title="Williams College">Williams College</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/728111290">728111290</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Ed+Ruscha%27s+Gas+Stations+and+the+Return+of+Nostalgia&rft.inst=Williams+College&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F728111290&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=Bree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFCPQXwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargolies1993" class="citation book cs1">Margolies, John (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t16bQgAACAAJ"><i>Pump and Circumstance: Glory Days of the Gas Station</i></a>. Bulfinch Press book. Boston; New York; Toronto; London: Little, Brown and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0821219952" title="Special:BookSources/0821219952"><bdi>0821219952</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pump+and+Circumstance%3A+Glory+Days+of+the+Gas+Station&rft.place=Boston%3B+New+York%3B+Toronto%3B+London&rft.series=Bulfinch+Press+book&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0821219952&rft.aulast=Margolies&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt16bQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuscha1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Ruscha" title="Edward Ruscha">Ruscha, Ed</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUNAvwEACAAJ"><i>Twentysix Gasoline Stations</i></a> (3rd ed.). Alhambra, CA, USA: The Cunningham Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/888402">888402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentysix+Gasoline+Stations&rft.place=Alhambra%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=The+Cunningham+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F888402&rft.aulast=Ruscha&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZUNAvwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2007" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Tim (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y5T-nQEACAAJ"><i>Fill 'er Up!: The Great American Gas Station</i></a>. St. Paul, MN, USA: Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0760328712" title="Special:BookSources/978-0760328712"><bdi>978-0760328712</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fill+%27er+Up%21%3A+The+Great+American+Gas+Station&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN%2C+USA&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0760328712&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY5T-nQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSonter2011" class="citation book cs1">Sonter, Jim (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PnyTZwEACAAJ"><i>Servo: Great Australian Service Stations</i></a>. Sydney: HarperCollins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780732292102" title="Special:BookSources/9780732292102"><bdi>9780732292102</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Servo%3A+Great+Australian+Service+Stations&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780732292102&rft.aulast=Sonter&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPnyTZwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteilLuning2002" class="citation book cs1">Steil, Tim; Luning, Jim (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aZUNvgAACAAJ"><i>Fantastic Filling Stations</i></a>. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0760310645" title="Special:BookSources/0760310645"><bdi>0760310645</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fantastic+Filling+Stations&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN%2C+USA&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0760310645&rft.aulast=Steil&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Luning%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaZUNvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVieyra1979" class="citation book cs1">Vieyra, Daniel I. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1DyAswEACAAJ"><i>"Fill 'er Up": An Architectural History of America's Gas Stations</i></a>. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0026220008" title="Special:BookSources/0026220008"><bdi>0026220008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Fill+%27er+Up%22%3A+An+Architectural+History+of+America%27s+Gas+Stations&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0026220008&rft.aulast=Vieyra&rft.aufirst=Daniel+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1DyAswEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel1992" class="citation book cs1">Witzel, Michael Karl (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TfBfQgAACAAJ"><i>The American Gas Station</i></a>. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0879385944" title="Special:BookSources/0879385944"><bdi>0879385944</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Gas+Station&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI%2C+USA&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0879385944&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTfBfQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel1994" class="citation book cs1">————————— (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o6g1PQAACAAJ"><i>Gas Station Memories</i></a>. Enthusiast color series. Osceola, WI, USA: Motorbooks International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0879389257" title="Special:BookSources/0879389257"><bdi>0879389257</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gas+Station+Memories&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI%2C+USA&rft.series=Enthusiast+color+series&rft.pub=Motorbooks+International&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0879389257&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do6g1PQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel2000" class="citation book cs1">————————— (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Fv4tvgAACAAJ"><i>Gas Stations Coast to Coast</i></a>. Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0760307407" title="Special:BookSources/0760307407"><bdi>0760307407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gas+Stations+Coast+to+Coast&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI%2C+USA&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0760307407&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael+Karl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFv4tvgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFilling+station" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filling_station&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Petrol_stations" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Petrol stations">Filling station</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/filling_station" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/filling station">filling station</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.howstuffworks.com/7332-energy-policy-how-gas-stations-price-gas-video.htm">Energy Policy: How Gas Stations Price Gas</a> at <a href="/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.wpt.org/video/2328721025/"><i>Fill'er Up</i></a>—Documentary produced by <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Public_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisconsin Public Television">Wisconsin Public Television</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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