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id="toc-Initial_spiritual_forays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meeting_Ramakrishna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meeting_Ramakrishna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Meeting Ramakrishna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meeting_Ramakrishna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Founding_of_Ramakrishna_Math" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_Ramakrishna_Math"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Founding of Ramakrishna Math</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_Ramakrishna_Math-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monastic_vows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monastic_vows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Monastic vows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monastic_vows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Travels_in_India_(1888–1893)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Travels_in_India_(1888–1893)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Travels in India (1888–1893)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Travels_in_India_(1888–1893)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_visit_to_the_West_(1893–1897)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_visit_to_the_West_(1893–1897)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>First visit to the West (1893–1897)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_visit_to_the_West_(1893–1897)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle First visit to the West (1893–1897) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-First_visit_to_the_West_(1893–1897)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parliament_of_the_World's_Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament_of_the_World's_Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Parliament of the World's Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament_of_the_World's_Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lecture_tours_in_the_UK_and_US" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lecture_tours_in_the_UK_and_US"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Lecture tours in the UK and US</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lecture_tours_in_the_UK_and_US-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Back_in_India_(1897–1899)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Back_in_India_(1897–1899)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Back in India (1897–1899)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Back_in_India_(1897–1899)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_visit_to_the_West_and_final_years_(1899–1902)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_visit_to_the_West_and_final_years_(1899–1902)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Second visit to the West and final years (1899–1902)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_visit_to_the_West_and_final_years_(1899–1902)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teachings_and_philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachings_and_philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Teachings and philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachings_and_philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Influence and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Influence_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Influence and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neo-Vedanta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neo-Vedanta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Neo-Vedanta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neo-Vedanta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Indian nationalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name-giving" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name-giving"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Name-giving</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-giving-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celebrations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celebrations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Celebrations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Celebrations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Movies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lectures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lectures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Lectures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lectures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Literary works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Swami Vivekananda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سوامي فيفي كاناندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوامي فيفي كاناندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вивекананда – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="विवेकानंद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="विवेकानंद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Свами Вивекананда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свами Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%A1m%C3%AD_Viv%C3%A9k%C3%A1nanda" title="Svámí Vivékánanda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svámí Vivékánanda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Σουάμι Βιβεκανάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σουάμι Βιβεκανάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ویوکاناندا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویوکاناندا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A6" title="સ્વામી વિવેકાનંદ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્વામી વિવેકાનંદ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EB%B2%A0%EC%B9%B4%EB%82%9C%EB%8B%A4" title="비베카난다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비베카난다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Սվամի Վիվեկանանդա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սվամի Վիվեկանանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94" title="סוואמי ויווקאננדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סוואמי ויווקאננדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6" title="ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ವಿವೇಕಾನಂದ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ವಿವೇಕಾನಂದ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ვივეკანანდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვივეკანანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вивекананда – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вивекананда – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivek%C4%81nanda" title="Vivekānanda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vivekānanda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivek%C4%81nanda" title="Vivekānanda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vivekānanda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viv%C3%A9k%C3%A1nanda" title="Vivékánanda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vivékánanda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%BB" title="വിവേകാനന്ദൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിവേകാനന്ദൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानंद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानंद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="سوامى بيبيكاناندا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سوامى بيبيكاناندا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वमी विवेकानन्द – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्वमी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="ヴィヴェーカーナンダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴィヴェーカーナンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%B1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A6" title="ସ୍ୱାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ୱାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svami_Vivekananda" title="Svami Vivekananda – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Svami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸਵਾਮੀ ਵਿਵੇਕਾਨੰਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਵਾਮੀ ਵਿਵੇਕਾਨੰਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वमी विवेकानन्द – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="स्वमी विवेकानन्द" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سوامی ویوک آنند – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سوامی ویوک آنند" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%89%D8%A7" title="سوامي ویوکانانډا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سوامي ویوکانانډا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiwekananda" title="Wiwekananda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wiwekananda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вивекананда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Свами Вивекананда – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Свами Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%83" title="स्वामी विवेकानन्दः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्वामी विवेकानन्दः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A" title="ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viv%C3%A9k%C3%A1nanda" title="Vivékánanda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vivékánanda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svami_Vivekananda" title="Svami Vivekananda – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Svami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivekananda" title="Vivekananda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Swami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="விவேகானந்தர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விவேகானந்தர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Свами Вивекананда – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Свами Вивекананда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6" title="స్వామి వివేకానంద – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్వామి వివేకానంద" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C" title="สวามี วิเวกานันท์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สวามี วิเวกานันท์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6" title="ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ವಿವೇಕಾನಂದ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ವಿವೇಕಾನಂದ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svami_Vivekananda" title="Svami Vivekananda – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Svami Vivekananda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Свамі Вівекананда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свамі Вівекананда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF" title="سوامی ویویکانند – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سوامی ویویکانند" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%81m%C4%AB_Vivek%C4%81nanda" title="Svāmī Vivekānanda – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Svāmī Vivekānanda" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E9%9F%A6%E5%8D%A1%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%BE" title="斯瓦米·维韦卡南达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="斯瓦米·维韦卡南达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A8%E5%96%9C" title="辨喜 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="辨喜" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E7%B1%B3%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E9%9F%8B%E5%8D%A1%E5%8D%97%E9%81%94" title="斯瓦米·維韋卡南達 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="斯瓦米·維韋卡南達" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Swami Vivekananda (disambiguation)">Swami Vivekananda (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #FFC569; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Swami" title="Swami">Swami</a></div><div class="fn">Vivekananda</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname">স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white image of Vivekananda, facing left with his arms folded and wearing a turban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg/220px-Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg/330px-Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg/440px-Swami_Vivekananda-1893-09-signed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Vivekananda in Chicago, September 1893. In note on the left Vivekananda wrote: "One infinite pure and holy – beyond thought beyond qualities I bow down to thee".<sup id="cite_ref-World_fair_1893_circulated_photo_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_fair_1893_circulated_photo-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Narendranath Datta</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1863-01-12</span>)</span>12 January 1863<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> <br />(present-day <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 July 1902<span style="display:none">(1902-07-04)</span> (aged 39)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> <br />(present-day <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citizenship" title="Citizenship">Citizenship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British subject</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Modern_philosophy" title="Modern philosophy">Modern philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th-century_philosophy" title="19th-century philosophy">19th-century philosophy</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Eastern philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lineage</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Da%C5%9Ban%C4%81mi_Sampradaya" title="Daśanāmi Sampradaya">Daśanāmi Sampradaya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vivekananda%27s_signature_(as_Narendra_Nath_Datta).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_signature_%28as_Narendra_Nath_Datta%29.png/150px-Swami_Vivekananda%27s_signature_%28as_Narendra_Nath_Datta%29.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_signature_%28as_Narendra_Nath_Datta%29.png/225px-Swami_Vivekananda%27s_signature_%28as_Narendra_Nath_Datta%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_signature_%28as_Narendra_Nath_Datta%29.png 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="69" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> (1897)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Rāja Yoga">Rāja Yoga</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #FFC569; color: #000000;">Religious career</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Guru</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Disciples</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashokananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashokananda">Ashokananda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Virajananda" title="Swami Virajananda">Virajananda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda" title="Swami Paramananda">Paramananda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alasinga_Perumal" title="Alasinga Perumal">Alasinga Perumal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abhayananda" title="Abhayananda">Abhayananda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Sadananda" title="Swami Sadananda">Swami Sadananda</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Spencer" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Spencer">Spencer</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Literary works</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karma_Yoga_(book)" title="Karma Yoga (book)">Karma Yoga</a></i></li><li><i>Bhakti Yoga</i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jnana_Yoga_(book)" title="Jnana Yoga (book)">Jnana Yoga</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Master_(book)" title="My Master (book)">My Master</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora" title="Lectures from Colombo to Almora">Lectures from Colombo to Almora</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:27em; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Quotation</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Arise,_awake,_and_stop_not_till_the_goal_is_reached" title="Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached">Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached</a>"<br />(<a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="q:Swami Vivekananda">more</a> on <a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>) </p> </blockquote> </div> <p><b>Swami Vivekananda</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born <b>Narendranath Datta</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindu</a> monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a key figure in the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> to the Western world.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is credited with raising <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue" title="Interfaith dialogue">interfaith</a> awareness and bringing <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> to the status of a major world religion in the late <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_19th_century" title="Timeline of the 19th century">nineteenth century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2006209_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2006209-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born into an aristocratic <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Kayastha" title="Bengali Kayastha">Bengali Kayastha</a> family in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>, Vivekananda was inclined from a young age towards religion and spirituality. He later found his guru Ramakrishna and became a <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">monk</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna#Last_days" title="Ramakrishna">death of Ramakrishna</a>, Vivekananda extensively toured the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> as a wandering monk and acquired first-hand knowledge of the living conditions of Indian people in then <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a>. Moved by their plight, he resolved to help them and found a way to travel to the United States, where he became a popular figure after the 1893 <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Religions">Parliament of Religions</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> at which he delivered his famous speech beginning with the words: "Sisters and brothers of America ..." while introducing Hinduism to Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutt2005121_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutt2005121-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made such an impression there that an American newspaper described him as "an orator by divine right and undoubtedly the greatest figure at the Parliament".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After great success at the Parliament, in the subsequent years, Vivekananda delivered hundreds of lectures across the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, disseminating the core tenets of <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a>, and founded the <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society_of_New_York" title="Vedanta Society of New York">Vedanta Society of New York</a> and the Vedanta Society of San Francisco (now <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society_of_Northern_California" title="Vedanta Society of Northern California">Vedanta Society of Northern California</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1994115_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1994115-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which became the foundations for <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedanta Societies">Vedanta Societies</a> in the West. In India, he founded the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a>, which provides spiritual training for monastics and householders, and the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a>, which provides charity, social work and education.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda was one of the most influential <a href="/wiki/Philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophers">philosophers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_reformer" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reformer">social reformers</a> in his contemporary India, and the most successful missionary of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>. He was also a major force in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a> and contributed to the concept of <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">nationalism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Dense1999191_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Dense1999191-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is now widely regarded as one of the most influential people of modern India and a patriotic <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu gurus and saints">saint</a>. His birthday is celebrated in India as <a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Day_(India)" title="National Youth Day (India)">National Youth Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_(1863–1888)"><span id="Early_life_.281863.E2.80.931888.29"></span>Early life (1863–1888)</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:231px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Bengali woman, sitting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg/190px-Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg/285px-Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg/380px-Bhuvaneshwari-Devi-1841-1911.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Bhubaneswari Devi (1841–1911); "I am indebted to my mother for the efflorescence of my knowledge."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirajananda200621_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirajananda200621-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – Vivekananda</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:156px;max-width:156px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:231px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vivekananda as a wandering monk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG/154px-Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG" decoding="async" width="154" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG/231px-Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG/308px-Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_%26_Cultural_Centre_Door_-_Kolkata_2011-10-22_6073.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">3, Gourmohan Mukherjee Street, birthplace of Vivekananda, now converted into a museum and cultural centre</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birth_and_childhood">Birth and childhood</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre_(birthplace_of_Swami_Vivekananda;_now_a_museum_and_cultural_centre,_inaugurated_by_the_President_of_India_A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam)_at_Gourmohan_Mukherjee_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre_%28birthplace_of_Swami_Vivekananda%3B_now_a_museum_and_cultural_centre%2C_inaugurated_by_the_President_of_India_A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam%29_at_Gourmohan_Mukherjee_Street.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre_%28birthplace_of_Swami_Vivekananda%3B_now_a_museum_and_cultural_centre%2C_inaugurated_by_the_President_of_India_A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam%29_at_Gourmohan_Mukherjee_Street.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre_%28birthplace_of_Swami_Vivekananda%3B_now_a_museum_and_cultural_centre%2C_inaugurated_by_the_President_of_India_A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam%29_at_Gourmohan_Mukherjee_Street.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Vivekananda at the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre" title="Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre">Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Vivekananda was born as Narendranath Datta (name shortened to Narendra or Naren)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul20035_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul20035-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a <a href="/wiki/Bengali_Kayastha" title="Bengali Kayastha">Bengali Kayastha</a> family<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19951_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19951-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his ancestral home at <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre" title="Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre">3 Gourmohan Mukherjee Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the capital of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, on 12 January 1863 during the <a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a> festival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath20062_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath20062-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was one of nine siblings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMukherji20115_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMukherji20115-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, <a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Datta" title="Vishwanath Datta">Vishwanath Datta</a>, was an attorney at the <a href="/wiki/Calcutta_High_Court" title="Calcutta High Court">Calcutta High Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19951_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19951-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath20063_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath20063-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durgacharan Datta, Narendra's grandfather was a <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> scholar<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20034_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20034-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who left his family and became a monk at age twenty-five.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19952_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19952-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother, Bhubaneswari Devi, was a devout <a href="/wiki/Housewife" title="Housewife">housewife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20034_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20034-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The progressive, rational attitude of Narendra's father and the religious temperament of his mother helped shape his thinking and personality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200320_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200320-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendranath was interested in spirituality from a young age and used to <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditate</a> before the images of deities such as <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Mahavir Hanuman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20035_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20035-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was fascinated by wandering ascetics and monks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200320_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200320-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra was mischievous and restless as a child, and his parents often had difficulty controlling him. His mother said, "I prayed to Shiva for a son and he has sent me one of his demons".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19952_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19952-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education <span class="anchor" id="Early_and_college_education"></span></h3></div> <p>In 1871, at the age of eight, Narendranath enrolled at Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's <a href="/wiki/Vidyasagar_College" title="Vidyasagar College">Metropolitan Institution</a>, where he went to school until his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_August_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(August_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1879, after his family's return to Calcutta, he was the only student to receive first-division marks in the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Presidency College</a> entrance examination. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19954_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19954-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an avid reader in a wide range of subjects, including <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>, religion, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, social science, art and literature.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArringtonChakrabarti2001628–631_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArringtonChakrabarti2001628–631-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also interested in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Hindu scriptures</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>. Narendra was trained in <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200321_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200321-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and regularly participated in physical exercise, sports and organised activities. Narendra studied Western logic, <a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Europe" title="History of Europe">European history</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Church_College,_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Church College, Calcutta">General Assembly's Institution</a> (now known as the Scottish Church College).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200612–14_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200612–14-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1881, he passed the <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">Fine Arts</a> examination, and completed a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen2003104–105_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen2003104–105-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPangbornSmith1976106_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPangbornSmith1976106-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra studied the works of <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>, <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_W._F._Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Georg W. F. Hegel">Georg W. F. Hegel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Auguste Comte</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhar197653_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhar197653-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalagiNaik200336–37_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalagiNaik200336–37-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became fascinated with the <a href="/wiki/Evolutionism" title="Evolutionism">evolutionism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a> and corresponded with him,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003233_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003233-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19957–9_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19957–9-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translating <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Herbert Spencer</a>'s book <i><a href="//archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.272074" class="extiw" title="iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.272074">Education</a></i> (1861) into Bengali.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199931_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199931-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While studying Western philosophers, he also learned Sanskrit scriptures and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali literature</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalagiNaik200336–37_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalagiNaik200336–37-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Hastie" title="William Hastie">William Hastie</a> (principal of Christian College, Calcutta; from where Narendra graduated) wrote, "Narendra is really a genius. I have travelled far and wide but I have never come across a lad of his talents and possibilities, even in German universities, among philosophical students. He is bound to make his mark in life".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narendra was known for his prodigious memory and the ability at speed reading. Several incidents have been given as examples. In a talk, he once quoted verbatim, two or three pages from <a href="/wiki/Pickwick_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickwick Papers">Pickwick Papers</a>. Another incident that is given is his argument with a Swedish national where he gave reference to some details on Swedish history that the Swede originally disagreed with but later conceded. In another incident with Dr. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a>'s at <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> in Germany, Vivekananda was going over some poetical work and did not reply when the professor spoke to him. Later, he apologised to Dr. Deussen explaining that he was too absorbed in reading and hence did not hear him. The professor was not satisfied with this explanation, but Vivekananda quoted and interpreted verses from the text, leaving the professor dumbfounded about his feat of memory. Once, he requested some books written by Sir John Lubbock from a library and returned them the very next day, claiming that he had read them. The librarian refused to believe him, until cross-examination about the contents convinced him that Vivekananda was indeed being truthful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995156,_157_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995156,_157-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some accounts have called Narendra a <i>shrutidhara</i> (a person with a prodigious memory).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_spiritual_forays">Initial spiritual forays</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_and_meditation" title="Swami Vivekananda and meditation">Swami Vivekananda and meditation</a></div> <p>In 1880, Narendra joined <a href="/wiki/Keshab_Chandra_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Keshab Chandra Sen">Keshab Chandra Sen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nava_Vidhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nava Vidhan">Nava Vidhan</a></i>, which was established by Sen after meeting <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna Paramahamsa</a> and reconverting from <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> to Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200599_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200599-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra became a member of a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> lodge "at some point before 1884"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005100_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005100-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the <a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a> in his twenties, a breakaway faction of the <a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Keshab_Chandra_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Keshab Chandra Sen">Keshab Chandra Sen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200599_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200599-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200612–14_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200612–14-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200620_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200620-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1881 to 1884, he was also active in Sen's <a href="/wiki/Band_of_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Band of Hope">Band of Hope</a>, which tried to discourage youths from smoking and drinking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200599_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200599-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in this <a href="/wiki/Cult" title="Cult">cultic</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200531-35_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200531-35-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> milieu that Narendra became acquainted with Western <a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">esotericism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200519-90,_97–100_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200519-90,_97–100-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His initial beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which denounced polytheism and caste restrictions,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20035_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20035-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199929_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199929-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "streamlined, rationalized, monotheistic theology strongly coloured by a selective and modernistic reading of the <i>Upanisads</i> and of the Vedanta."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200546_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200546-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Rammohan Roy</a>, the founder of the Brahmo Samaj who was strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">unitarianism</a>, strove towards a <a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">universalistic</a> interpretation of Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200546_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200546-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His ideas were "altered [...] considerably" by <a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a>, who had a <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> approach to the development of these new doctrines, and questioned central Hindu beliefs like reincarnation and karma, and rejected the authority of the <i>Vedas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200546-47_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200546-47-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tagore also brought this "neo-Hinduism" closer in line with western <a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">esotericism</a>, a development which was furthered by Sen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200547_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200547-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sen was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">transcendentalism</a>, an American philosophical-religious movement strongly connected with unitarianism, which emphasised personal <a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">religious experience</a> over mere reasoning and <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200581_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200581-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sen strived to "an accessible, non-renunciatory, everyman type of spirituality", introducing "lay systems of spiritual practice" which can be regarded as an influence to the teachings Vivekananda later popularised in the west.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200549_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200549-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Not satisfied with his knowledge of philosophy, Narendra came to "the question which marked the real beginning of his intellectual quest for God."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He asked several prominent Calcutta residents if they had come "face to face with God", but none of their answers satisfied him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200612–13_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200612–13-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPangbornSmith1976106_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPangbornSmith1976106-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Narendra met Debendranath Tagore (the leader of Brahmo Samaj) and asked if he had seen God. Instead of answering his question, Tagore said, "My boy, you have the <i><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s eyes."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199931_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199931-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Banhatti, it was Ramakrishna who really answered Narendra's question, by saying "Yes, I see Him as I see you, only in an infinitely intenser sense."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to De Michelis, Vivekananda was more influenced by the Brahmo Samaj's and its new ideas, than by Ramakrishna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200549_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200549-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swami Medhananda agrees that the Brahmo Samaj was a formative influence,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedhananda202217_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedhananda202217-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that "it was Narendra's momentous encounter with Ramakrishna that changed the course of his life by turning him away from Brahmoism."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMedhananda202222_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedhananda202222-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to De Michelis, it was Sen's influence which brought Vivekananda fully into contact with western esotericism, and it was also via Sen that he met Ramakrishna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200550_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis200550-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Meeting_Ramakrishna">Meeting Ramakrishna</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Ramakrishna_and_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda">Relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_prayer_to_Kali_at_Dakshineswar" title="Swami Vivekananda's prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar">Swami Vivekananda's prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar</a></div> <p>In 1881, Narendra first met Ramakrishna, who became his spiritual focus after his own father had died in 1884.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005101_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005101-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narendra's first introduction to Ramakrishna occurred in a literature class at General Assembly's Institution when he heard Professor William Hastie lecturing on <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>'s poem, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Excursion" title="The Excursion">The Excursion</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199929_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199929-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While explaining the word "trance" in the poem, Hastie suggested that his students visit Ramakrishna of <a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar" title="Dakshineswar">Dakshineswar</a> to understand the true meaning of trance. This prompted some of his students (including Narendra) to visit Ramakrishna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199943_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199943-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGhosh200331_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGhosh200331-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200618_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200618-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They probably first met personally in November 1881,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though Narendra did not consider this their first meeting, and neither man mentioned this meeting later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199943_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199943-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, Narendra was preparing for his upcoming F. A. examination, when <a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Datta" title="Ram Chandra Datta">Ram Chandra Datta</a> accompanied him to <a href="/wiki/Surendra_Nath_Mitra" title="Surendra Nath Mitra">Surendra Nath Mitra</a>'s, house where Ramakrishna was invited to deliver a lecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200621_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200621-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Makarand Paranjape, at this meeting Ramakrishna asked young Narendra to sing. Impressed by his singing talent, he asked Narendra to come to Dakshineshwar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParanjape2012132_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParanjape2012132-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1881 or early 1882, Narendra went to Dakshineswar with two friends and met Ramakrishna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199943_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199943-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This meeting proved to be a turning point in his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003232_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003232-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although he did not initially accept Ramakrishna as his teacher and rebelled against his ideas, he was attracted by his personality and began to frequently visit him at Dakshineswar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199510–13_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199510–13-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initially saw Ramakrishna's ecstasies and visions as "mere figments of imagination"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "hallucinations".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland1929a169–193_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland1929a169–193-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a member of Brahmo Samaj, he opposed idol worship, <a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a> and Ramakrishna's worship of <a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArora19684_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArora19684-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He even rejected the <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> of "identity with the absolute" as blasphemy and madness, and often ridiculed the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland1929a169–193_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland1929a169–193-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra tested Ramakrishna, who faced his arguments patiently: "Try to see the truth from all angles", he replied.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199510–13_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199510–13-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Narendra's father's sudden death in 1884 left the family bankrupt; creditors began demanding the repayment of loans, and relatives threatened to evict the family from their ancestral home. Narendra, once a son of a well-to-do family, became one of the poorest students in his college.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20038_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20038-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He unsuccessfully tried to find work and questioned God's existence,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESil199738_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESil199738-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but found solace in Ramakrishna and his visits to Dakshineswar increased.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESil199739–40_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESil199739–40-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One day, Narendra requested Ramakrishna to pray to goddess Kali for their family's financial welfare. Ramakrishna instead suggested him to go to the temple himself and pray. Following Ramakrishna's suggestion, he went to the temple thrice, but failed to pray for any kind of worldly necessities and ultimately prayed for true knowledge and devotion from the goddess.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKishore200123–25_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKishore200123–25-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195325–26_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195325–26-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESil199727_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESil199727-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra gradually grew ready to renounce everything for the sake of realising God, and accepted Ramakrishna as his <a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199510–13_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199510–13-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1885, Ramakrishna developed <a href="/wiki/Head_and_neck_cancer" title="Head and neck cancer">throat cancer</a>, and was transferred to Calcutta and (later) to a garden house in <a href="/wiki/Cossipore" title="Cossipore">Cossipore</a>. Narendra and Ramakrishna's <a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">other disciples</a> took care of him during his last days, and Narendra's spiritual education continued. At Cossipore, he experienced <i><a href="/wiki/Nirvikalpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirvikalpa">Nirvikalpa</a> <a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">samadhi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwood197620_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwood197620-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra and several other disciples received <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a> robes from Ramakrishna, forming his first monastic order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPangbornSmith197698_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPangbornSmith197698-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was taught that service to men was the most effective worship of God.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwood197620_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwood197620-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramakrishna asked him to care of the other monastic disciples, and in turn asked them to see Narendra as their leader.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland1929b201–214_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland1929b201–214-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramakrishna died in the early-morning hours of 16 August 1886 in Cossipore.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland1929b201–214_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland1929b201–214-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199517_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199517-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_of_Ramakrishna_Math">Founding of Ramakrishna Math</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baranagar_Math" title="Baranagar Math">Baranagar Math</a></div> <p>After Ramakrishna's death, his devotees and admirers stopped supporting his disciples.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unpaid rent accumulated, and Narendra and the other disciples had to find a new place to live.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESil199746–47_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESil199746–47-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many returned home, adopting a <i><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></i> (family-oriented) way of life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199518_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199518-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra decided to convert a dilapidated house at <a href="/wiki/Baranagar" title="Baranagar">Baranagar</a> into a new <i>math</i> (monastery) for the remaining disciples. Rent for the Baranagar Math was low, raised by "holy begging" (<i>mādhukarī</i>). The math became the first building of the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a>: the monastery of the <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic order</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003232_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003232-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra and other disciples used to spend many hours in practising <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> and religious austerities every day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195340_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195340-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra later reminisced about the early days of the monastery:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChetananda199738_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChetananda199738-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We underwent a lot of religious practice at the Baranagar Math. We used to get up at 3:00 am and become absorbed in <i><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">japa</a></i> and meditation. What a strong spirit of detachment we had in those days! We had no thought even as to whether the world existed or not.</p></blockquote> <p>In 1887, Narendra compiled a Bengali song <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthology</a> named <i><a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Kalpataru" title="Sangeet Kalpataru">Sangeet Kalpataru</a></i> with Vaishnav Charan Basak. Narendra collected and arranged most of the songs of this compilation, but could not finish the work of the book for unfavourable circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199933_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199933-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monastic_vows">Monastic vows</h3></div> <p>In December 1886, the mother of Baburam<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> invited Narendra and his other brother monks to <a href="/wiki/Antpur" title="Antpur">Antpur</a> village. Narendra and the other aspiring monks accepted the invitation and went to Antpur to spend a few days. In Antpur, on the Christmas Eve of 1886, Narendra, aged 23, and eight other disciples took formal monastic vows at the <a href="/wiki/File:Radha_Gobind_Jiu_Temple_Antpur_West_Bengal.jpg" title="File:Radha Gobind Jiu Temple Antpur West Bengal.jpg">Radha Gobinda Jiu temple</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195340_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195340-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They decided to live their lives as their master lived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195340_88-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda195340-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendranath took the name "Swami Vivekananda".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200310_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200310-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Travels_in_India_(1888–1893)"><span id="Travels_in_India_.281888.E2.80.931893.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="As_a_monk_wandering_in_India_(1888–93)"></span>Travels in India (1888–1893)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_travels_in_India_(1888%E2%80%931893)" title="Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)">Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)</a></div> <p>In 1888, Narendra left the monastery as a <i>Parivrâjaka</i>— the Hindu religious life of a wandering monk, "without fixed abode, without ties, independent and strangers wherever they go".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland20087_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland20087-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His sole possessions were a <a href="/wiki/Kamandalu" title="Kamandalu">kamandalu</a> (water pot), staff and his two favourite books: the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imitation_of_Christ" title="The Imitation of Christ">The Imitation of Christ</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhar1976243_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhar1976243-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Narendra travelled extensively in India for five years, visiting centres of learning and acquainting himself with diverse religious traditions and social patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards199677–78_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards199677–78-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200312_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200312-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He developed sympathy for the suffering and poverty of the people, and resolved to uplift the nation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERichards199677–78_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERichards199677–78-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland200816–25_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland200816–25-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Living primarily on <a href="/wiki/Bhiksha" title="Bhiksha">bhiksha</a> (alms), Narendra travelled on foot and by railway (with tickets bought by admirers). During his travels he met, and stayed with Indians from all religions and walks of life: scholars, <i><a href="/wiki/Dewans" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewans">dewans</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Raja" title="Raja">rajas</a>, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, <i><a href="/wiki/Paraiyar" title="Paraiyar">paraiyars</a></i> (low-caste workers) and government officials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERolland200816–25_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERolland200816–25-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 31 May 1893, Narendra left <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> for Chicago with the name, as suggested by <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_of_Khetri" title="Ajit Singh of Khetri">Ajit Singh of Khetri</a>, "Vivekananda"–a conglomerate of the Sanskrit words: <i><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">viveka</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">ānanda</a></i>, meaning "the bliss of discerning wisdom".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199524_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199524-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGosling200718_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGosling200718-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_visit_to_the_West_(1893–1897)"><span id="First_visit_to_the_West_.281893.E2.80.931897.29"></span>First visit to the West (1893–1897)</h2></div> <p>Vivekananda started his journey to the West on 31 May 1893<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200315_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200315-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and visited several cities in <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki" title="Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParanjape2005246–248_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParanjape2005246–248-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> en route to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200315_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200315-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reaching Chicago on 30 July 1893,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath2006158_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath2006158-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200315_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200315-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the "<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Religions">Parliament of Religions</a>" took place in September 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005110_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005110-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Congress was an initiative of the <a href="/wiki/Swedenborgianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedenborgianism">Swedenborgian</a> layman, and judge of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Supreme Court">Illinois Supreme Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Bonney" title="Charles C. Bonney">Charles C. Bonney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-interfaith_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interfaith-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to gather all the religions of the world, and show "the substantial unity of many religions in the good deeds of the religious life."<sup id="cite_ref-interfaith_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interfaith-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was one of the more than 200 adjunct gatherings and congresses of the Chicago's World's Fair,<sup id="cite_ref-interfaith_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interfaith-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was "an avant-garde intellectual manifestation of [...] cultic milieus, East and West,"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005111-112_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005111-112-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the Brahmo Samaj and the <a href="/wiki/Theosophical_Society" title="Theosophical Society">Theosophical Society</a> being invited as representative of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005112_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005112-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda wanted to join, but was disappointed to learn that no one without credentials from a <i><a href="/wiki/Bona_fide" class="mw-redirect" title="Bona fide">bona fide</a></i> organisation would be accepted as a delegate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinor1986133_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinor1986133-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda contacted Professor <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Wright" title="John Henry Wright">John Henry Wright</a> of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, who invited him to speak at Harvard.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinor1986133_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinor1986133-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda wrote of the professor, "He urged upon me the necessity of going to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Religions">Parliament of Religions</a>, which he thought would give an introduction to the nation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200316_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200316-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda submitted an application, "introducing himself as a monk 'of the oldest order of <i>sannyāsis</i> ... founded by Sankara,'"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005112_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005112-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supported by the Brahmo Samaj representative <a href="/wiki/Protap_Chandra_Mozoomdar" class="mw-redirect" title="Protap Chandra Mozoomdar">Protapchandra Mozoombar</a>, who was also a member of the Parliament's selection committee, "classifying the Swami as a representative of the Hindu monastic order."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005112_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005112-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hearing Vivekananda speak, Harvard psychology professor <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> said, "that man is simply a wonder for oratorical power. He is an honor to humanity."<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament_of_the_World's_Religions"><span id="Parliament_of_the_World.27s_Religions"></span>Parliament of the World's Religions</h3></div> <p>The Parliament of the World's Religions opened on 11 September 1893 at the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoughton189322_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoughton189322-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhide20089_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhide20089-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul200333_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul200333-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On this day, Vivekananda gave a brief speech representing India and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199527_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199527-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was initially nervous, bowed to <a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a> (the Hindu goddess of learning) and began his <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_1/Addresses_at_The_Parliament_of_Religions/Response_to_Welcome" class="extiw" title="s:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 1/Addresses at The Parliament of Religions/Response to Welcome">speech</a> with "Sisters and brothers of America!".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200317_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200317-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul200333_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul200333-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At these words, Vivekananda received a two-minute standing ovation from the crowd of seven thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPaul200334_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPaul200334-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sailendra Nath Dhar, when silence was restored he began his address, greeting the youngest of the nations on behalf of "the most ancient order of monks in the world, the Vedic order of sannyasins, a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRae199117_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRae199117-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda quoted two illustrative passages from the "<a href="/wiki/Shiva_mahimna_stotram" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva mahimna stotram">Shiva mahimna stotram</a>": "As the different streams having their sources in different places all mingle their water in the sea, so, O Lord, the different paths which men take, through different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee!" and "Whosoever comes to Me, through whatsoever form, I reach him; all men are struggling through paths that in the end lead to Me."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRae199118_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRae199118-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sailendra Nath Dhar, "it was only a short speech, but it voiced the spirit of the Parliament."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRae199118_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRae199118-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parliament President <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Barrows" title="John Henry Barrows">John Henry Barrows</a> said, "India, the Mother of religions was represented by Swami Vivekananda, the Orange-monk who exercised the most wonderful influence over his auditors".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200317_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200317-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda attracted widespread attention in the press, which called him the "cyclonic monk from India". The <i>New York Critique</i> wrote, "He is an orator by divine right, and his strong, intelligent face in its picturesque setting of yellow and orange was hardly less interesting than those earnest words, and the rich, rhythmical utterance he gave them". The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald" title="New York Herald">New York Herald</a></i> noted, "Vivekananda is undoubtedly the greatest figure in the Parliament of Religions. After hearing him we feel how foolish it is to send <a href="/wiki/Christian_missionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian missionary">missionaries</a> to this learned nation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarquhar1915202_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarquhar1915202-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American newspapers reported Vivekananda as "the greatest figure in the parliament of religions" and "the most popular and influential man in the parliament".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma198887_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma198887-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Evening_Transcript" title="Boston Evening Transcript">Boston Evening Transcript</a></i> reported that Vivekananda was "a great favourite at the parliament... if he merely crosses the platform, he is applauded".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdiswarananda2006177–179_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdiswarananda2006177–179-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spoke <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_1/Addresses_at_The_Parliament_of_Religions" class="extiw" title="s:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 1/Addresses at The Parliament of Religions">several more times</a> "at receptions, the scientific section, and private homes"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRae199117_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRae199117-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on topics related to Hinduism, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and harmony among religions until the parliament ended on 27 September 1893. Vivekananda's speeches at the Parliament had the common theme of universality, emphasising religious tolerance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200318_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200318-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He soon became known as a "handsome oriental" and made a huge impression as an orator.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas200374–77_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200374–77-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lecture_tours_in_the_UK_and_US"><span class="anchor" id="Lecturing_tours_in_America_and_England"></span>Lecture tours in the UK and US</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:20%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"I do not come", said Swamiji on one occasion in America, "to convert you to a new belief. I want you to keep your own belief; I want to make the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> a better Methodist; the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> a better Presbyterian; the <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> a better Unitarian. I want to teach you to live the truth, to reveal the light within your own soul."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVivekananda2001419_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVivekananda2001419-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> </div> <p>After the Parliament of Religions, he toured many parts of the US as a guest. His popularity opened up new views for expanding on "life and religion to thousands".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas200374–77_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200374–77-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a question-answer session at Brooklyn Ethical Society, he remarked, "I have a message to the West as <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Buddha</a> had a message to the East." </p><p>Vivekananda spent nearly two years lecturing in the eastern and central United States, primarily in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>. He founded the <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Society</a> of New York in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGupta1986118_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGupta1986118-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By spring 1895 his busy, tiring schedule had affected his health.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ended his lecture tours and began giving free, private classes in Vedanta and <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>. Beginning in June 1895, Vivekananda gave <a href="/wiki/Inspired_Talks" title="Inspired Talks">private lectures</a> to a dozen of his disciples at <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_Park,_New_York" title="Thousand Island Park, New York">Thousand Island Park, New York</a> for two months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122_132-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his first visit to the West he travelled to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a> twice, in 1895 and 1896, lecturing successfully there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199530_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199530-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1895, he met Margaret Elizabeth Noble an Irish woman who would become <a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122_132-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his second visit to the UK in May 1896 Vivekananda met <a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a>, a noted <a href="/wiki/Indologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Indologist">Indologist</a> from <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> who wrote Ramakrishna's first biography in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234_124-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the UK, Vivekananda visited other European countries. In Germany, he met <a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a>, another Indologist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChetananda199749–50_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChetananda199749–50-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda was offered academic positions in two American universities (one the chair in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Philosophy">Eastern Philosophy</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> and a similar position at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>); he declined both, since his duties would conflict with his commitment as a monk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122_132-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg/159px-Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg/239px-Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg/318px-Vivekananda_Image_August_1894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vivekananda in <a href="/wiki/Green_Acre" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Acre">Greenacre</a>, Maine (August 1894).<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:207px;max-width:207px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:199px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house,_South_Pasadena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house%2C_South_Pasadena.jpg/205px-Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house%2C_South_Pasadena.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house%2C_South_Pasadena.jpg/308px-Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house%2C_South_Pasadena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house%2C_South_Pasadena.jpg/410px-Swami_Vivekananda_at_Mead_sisters_house%2C_South_Pasadena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="561" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vivekananda at Mead sisters' house, <a href="/wiki/South_Pasadena,_California" title="South Pasadena, California">South Pasadena</a> in 1900.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Vivekananda's success led to a change in mission, namely the establishment of Vedanta centres in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005120_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005120-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda adapted traditional Hindu ideas and religiosity to suit the needs and understandings of his western audiences, who were especially attracted by and familiar with western esoteric traditions and movements like <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="New thought">New thought</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005119-123_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005119-123-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important element in his adaptation of Hindu religiosity was the introduction of his "four yogas" model, which includes <a href="/wiki/Raja_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja yoga">Raja yoga</a>, his interpretation of <a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga sutras">Yoga sutras</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005123-126_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005123-126-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which offered a practical means to realise the divine force within which is central to modern western esotericism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005119-123_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005119-123-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, his book <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i> was published, becoming an instant success; it was highly influential in the western understanding of <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_de_Michelis" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth de Michelis">Elizabeth de Michelis</a>'s view marking the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">modern yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005125-126_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005125-126-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005149-180_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005149-180-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda attracted followers and admirers in the US and Europe, including <a href="/wiki/Josephine_MacLeod" title="Josephine MacLeod">Josephine MacLeod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Leggett" title="Betty Leggett">Betty Leggett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Montagu,_Countess_of_Sandwich" title="Alberta Montagu, Countess of Sandwich">Lady Sandwich</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Josiah Royce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll" title="Robert G. Ingersoll">Robert G. Ingersoll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kelvin" title="Lord Kelvin">Lord Kelvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Monroe" title="Harriet Monroe">Harriet Monroe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ella_Wheeler_Wilcox" title="Ella Wheeler Wilcox">Ella Wheeler Wilcox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt" title="Sarah Bernhardt">Sarah Bernhardt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma_Calv%C3%A9" title="Emma Calvé">Emma Calvé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz">Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENikhilananda1964-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122_132-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChetananda199749–50_134-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChetananda199749–50-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChetananda199747_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChetananda199747-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He initiated several followers : Marie Louise (a French woman) became <a href="/wiki/Swami_Abhayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Abhayananda">Swami Abhayananda</a>, and Leon Landsberg became Swami Kripananda,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurke1958618_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurke1958618-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that they could continue the work of the mission of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Society</a>. This society still is filled with foreign nationals and is also located in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas200378–81_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas200378–81-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his stay in America, Vivekananda was given land in the mountains to the southeast of <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a> to establish a retreat for Vedanta students. He called it "Peace retreat", or, <i>Shanti Asrama</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWuthnow201185–86_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWuthnow201185–86-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest American centre is the Vedanta Society of Southern <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, one of the twelve main centres. There is also a Vedanta Press in Hollywood which publishes books about Vedanta and English translations of Hindu scriptures and texts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinehart2004392_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinehart2004392-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christina Greenstidel of <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> was also initiated by Vivekananda with a <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantra</a> and she became <a href="/wiki/Sister_Christine" title="Sister Christine">Sister Christine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVrajaprana19967_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVrajaprana19967-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they established a close father–daughter relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-Sarada_society_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarada_society-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the West, Vivekananda revived his work in India. He regularly corresponded with his followers and brother monks,<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> offering advice and financial support. His letters from this period reflect his campaign of social service,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKattackal1982219_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKattackal1982219-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were strongly worded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1963577_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMajumdar1963577-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote to <a href="/wiki/Akhandananda" title="Akhandananda">Akhandananda</a>, "Go from door to door amongst the poor and lower classes of the town of Khetri and teach them religion. Also, let them have oral lessons on geography and such other subjects. No good will come of sitting idle and having princely dishes, and saying "Ramakrishna, O Lord!"—unless you can do some good to the poor".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurke1985417_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurke1985417-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma1963227_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma1963227-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1895, Vivekananda founded the periodical <i><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Kesari" title="Vedanta Kesari">Brahmavadin</a></i> to teach the Vedanta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheean2005345_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheean2005345-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Vivekananda's translation of the first six chapters of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Imitation_of_Christ" title="The Imitation of Christ">The Imitation of Christ</a></i> was published in <i>Brahmavadin</i> in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma198883_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma198883-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda left for India on 16 December 1896 from <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> with his disciples Captain and Mrs. Sevier and J.J. Goodwin. On the way, they visited France and Italy, and set sail for India from <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> on 30 December 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199533–34_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199533–34-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was later followed to India by Sister Nivedita, who devoted the rest of her life to the education of Indian women and India's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122_132-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIsherwoodAdjemian1987121–122-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDhar1976852_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDhar1976852-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Back_in_India_(1897–1899)"><span id="Back_in_India_.281897.E2.80.931899.29"></span>Back in India (1897–1899)</h2></div> <p>The ship from Europe arrived in <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Ceylon" title="British Ceylon">British Ceylon</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>) on 15 January 1897,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199533–34_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199533–34-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Vivekananda received a warm welcome. In Colombo, he gave his <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_3/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora/First_Public_Lecture_in_the_East_(Colombo)" class="extiw" title="s:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 3/Lectures from Colombo to Almora/First Public Lecture in the East (Colombo)">first public speech in the East</a>. From there on, his journey to Calcutta was triumphant. Vivekananda travelled from <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pamban" title="Pamban">Pamban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramnad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramnad">Ramnad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumbakonam" title="Kumbakonam">Kumbakonam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, delivering lectures. Common people and rajas gave him an enthusiastic reception. During his train travels, people often sat on the rails to force the train to stop, so they could hear him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199533–34_156-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199533–34-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> (now Chennai), he continued his journey to Calcutta and <a href="/wiki/Almora" title="Almora">Almora</a>. While in the West, Vivekananda spoke about India's great spiritual heritage; in India, he repeatedly addressed social issues: uplifting the people, eliminating the <a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">caste system</a>, promoting science and industrialisation, addressing widespread poverty and ending colonial rule. These lectures, published as <i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora" title="Lectures from Colombo to Almora">Lectures from Colombo to Almora</a></i>, demonstrate his nationalistic fervour and spiritual ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200320_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200320-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 May 1897 in Calcutta, Vivekananda founded the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> for social service. Its ideals are based on <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda/Volume_1/Karma-Yoga" class="extiw" title="s:The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda/Volume 1/Karma-Yoga">Karma Yoga</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomas197444_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomas197444-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller1995181_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller1995181-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and its governing body consists of the trustees of the <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a> (which conducts religious work).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199534–35_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199534–35-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission have their headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234_124-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanguly200127_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanguly200127-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda founded two other monasteries: one in Mayavati in the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Almora" title="Almora">Almora</a>), the <i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a></i> and another in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> (now Chennai). Two journals were founded: <i><a href="/wiki/Prabuddha_Bharata" title="Prabuddha Bharata">Prabuddha Bharata</a></i> in English and <i>Udbhodan</i> in Bengali.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraemer1960151_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraemer1960151-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a>-relief work was begun by <a href="/wiki/Swami_Akhandananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Akhandananda">Swami Akhandananda</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Murshidabad" title="Murshidabad">Murshidabad</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234_124-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003234-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199534–35_161-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199534–35-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda earlier inspired <a href="/wiki/Jamsetji_Tata" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamsetji Tata">Jamsetji Tata</a> to set up a research and educational institution when they travelled together from <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a> to Chicago on Vivekananda's first visit to the West in 1893. Tata now asked him to head his <a href="/wiki/IISc" class="mw-redirect" title="IISc">Research Institute of Science</a>; Vivekananda declined the offer, citing a conflict with his "spiritual interests".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003235_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrabhananda2003235-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapur2010142_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapur2010142-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He visited <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Province_(British_India)" title="Punjab Province (British India)">Punjab</a>, attempting to mediate an ideological conflict between <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a> (a reformist Hindu movement) and <i>sanatan</i> (orthodox Hindus).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirajananda2006291_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirajananda2006291-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After brief visits to <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199534–35_161-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199534–35-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khetri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khetri">Khetri</a>, Vivekananda returned to Calcutta in January 1898. He consolidated the work of the math and trained disciples for several months. Vivekananda composed "<a href="/wiki/Khandana_Bhava%E2%80%93Bandhana" title="Khandana Bhava–Bandhana">Khandana Bhava–Bandhana</a>", a prayer song dedicated to Ramakrishna, in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199535–36_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199535–36-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_visit_to_the_West_and_final_years_(1899–1902)"><span id="Second_visit_to_the_West_and_final_years_.281899.E2.80.931902.29"></span>Second visit to the West and final years (1899–1902)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_in_California" title="Swami Vivekananda in California">Swami Vivekananda in California</a></div> <p>Despite declining health, Vivekananda left for the West for a second time in June 1899<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirajananda2006450_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirajananda2006450-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> accompanied by Sister Nivedita and <a href="/wiki/Swami_Turiyananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Turiyananda">Swami Turiyananda</a>. Following a brief stay in England, he went to the United States. During this visit, Vivekananda established <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Societies</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and New York and founded a <i>shanti ashrama</i> (peace retreat) in California.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199541–42_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199541–42-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then went to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> for the Congress of Religions in 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995xv_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995xv-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His lectures in Paris concerned the worship of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lingam" title="Lingam">lingam</a></i> and the authenticity of the <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199541–42_170-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199541–42-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda then visited <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Egypt</a>. The French philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Bois">Jules Bois</a> was his host for most of this period, until he returned to Calcutta on 9 December 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199541–42_170-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199541–42-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a brief visit to the <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a> in Mayavati, Vivekananda settled at Belur Math, where he continued co-ordinating the works of Ramakrishna Mission, the math and the work in England and the US. He had many visitors, including royalty and politicians. Although Vivekananda was unable to attend the Congress of Religions in 1901 in Japan due to deteriorating health, he made pilgrimages to <a href="/wiki/Bodhgaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodhgaya">Bodhgaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199543–44_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199543–44-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Declining health (including <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> and chronic <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>) restricted his activity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199545–46_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199545–46-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2></div> <p>On 4 July 1902 (the day of his death),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999218,_274,_299_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999218,_274,_299-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda awoke early, went to the monastery at Belur Math and meditated for three hours. He taught <i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Shukla-Yajur-Veda</a></i>, Sanskrit grammar and the philosophy of yoga to pupils,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999283_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999283-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199546_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti199546-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> later discussing with colleagues a planned Vedic college in the Ramakrishna Math. At 7:00 pm Vivekananda went to his room, asking not to be disturbed;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999283_175-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999283-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he died at 9:20 p.m. while <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBharathi1998b25_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBharathi1998b25-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to his disciples, Vivekananda attained <a href="/wiki/Mahasam%C4%81dhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahasamādhi">mahasamādhi</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200627_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200627-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rupture of a blood vessel in his brain was reported as a possible cause of death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirajananda191881_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirajananda191881-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His disciples believed that the rupture was due to his <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmarandhra" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmarandhra">brahmarandhra</a></i> (an opening in the crown of his head) being pierced when he attained <i>mahasamādhi</i>. Vivekananda fulfilled his prophecy that he would not live forty years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVirajananda2006645–662_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVirajananda2006645–662-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was cremated on a <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> <a href="/wiki/Funeral_pyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral pyre">funeral pyre</a> on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Ganga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganga">Ganga</a> in Belur, opposite where <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a> was cremated sixteen years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teachings_and_philosophy">Teachings and philosophy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Teachings_and_philosophy_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda">Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta#Vivekananda_(1863–1902)" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muscular_Hinduism" title="Muscular Hinduism">Muscular Hinduism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/80px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/160px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Orthodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Heterodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%B1ana" title="Ajñana">Ajñana</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Sub-schools</b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartist</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhedabheda" title="Bhedabheda">Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivite</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Panchartika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Pramanavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Shakti Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Shiva Bhedabeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Integral_yoga" title="Integral yoga">Integral yoga</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Teachers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Akṣapāda Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (Mayavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a> (Tattvavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda Paramahansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamakhepa" title="Bamakhepa">Bamakhepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Bhattacharya_(Bengal)" title="Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Bengal)">Kamalakanta Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;font-weight:normal;"> Others</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da" title="Kaṇāda">Kaṇāda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Major texts</a></b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Other scriptures</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></b></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhyakarika" title="Samkhyakarika">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular ethics</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Other Indian philosophies</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)#Vedanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">Advaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Double_drop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Double_drop.jpg/230px-Double_drop.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Double_drop.jpg/345px-Double_drop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Double_drop.jpg/460px-Double_drop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1813" data-file-height="880" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Classical Advaita Vedanta</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bh%C4%81mat%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhāmatī">Bhāmatī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivarana" title="Vivarana">Vivarana</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Shaivism/Tantra/Nath</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmir Shaivism</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Inchegeri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Inchegeri Sampradaya">Inchegeri Sampradaya</a>)</li></ul> <p><i><b>New movements</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Advaita" title="Neo-Advaita">Neo-Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonduality_(spirituality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonduality (spirituality)">Nondualism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Classical Advaita vedanta</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avidya_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avidya (Hinduism)">Avidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajativada" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajativada">Ajativada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81v%C4%81kyas" title="Mahāvākyas">Mahāvākyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satchitananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchitananda">Satchitananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tat_Tvam_Asi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tat Tvam Asi">Tat Tvam Asi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three Bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aham_(Kashmir_Shaivism)" title="Aham (Kashmir Shaivism)">Aham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cause_and_effect_in_Advaita_Vedanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Cause and effect in Advaita Vedanta">Cause and effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Kosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neti_neti" title="Neti neti">Neti neti</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Kashmir Shaivism</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soham_(Sanskrit)" title="Soham (Sanskrit)">so'ham</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Sravana, manana, nididhyasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna#Spiritual_practices" title="Pratyabhijna">"Unfoldment of the middle"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-enquiry" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-enquiry">Self-enquiry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Moksha</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anubhava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anubhava (page does not exist)">Anubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiya" title="Turiya">Turiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivanmukta" title="Jivanmukta">Jivanmukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja" title="Sahaja">Sahaja</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>Advaita Vedanta</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prasthanatrayi" title="Prasthanatrayi">Prasthanatrayi</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Bodha_Deepika" title="Advaita Bodha Deepika">Advaita Bodha Deepika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%97g-D%C5%97%C5%9Bya-Viveka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dŗg-Dŗśya-Viveka">Dŗg-Dŗśya-Viveka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedantasara_(of_Sadananda)" title="Vedantasara (of Sadananda)">Vedantasara of Sadananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchadasi" title="Panchadasi">Panchadasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra_Gita" title="Ashtavakra Gita">Ashtavakra Gita</a></li></ul> <p><i>Gaudapada</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Karika" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandukya Karika">Mandukya Karika</a></li></ul> <p><i>Adi Shankara</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upadesasahasri" class="mw-redirect" title="Upadesasahasri">Upadesasahasri</a></li> <li><i>Attributed to Shankara</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekachudamani" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekachudamani">Vivekachudamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atma_bodha" title="Atma bodha">Atma bodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparokshanubhuti" title="Aparokshanubhuti">Aparokshanubhuti</a></li></ul> <p><b>Advaita-Yoga</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Yajnavalkya" title="Yoga Yajnavalkya">Yoga Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <p><b>Nath</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avadhuta_Gita" title="Avadhuta Gita">Avadhuta Gita</a></li></ul> <p><b>Kashmir Shaivism</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Sutras_of_Vasugupta" title="Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta">Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijnahridayam" title="Pratyabhijnahridayam">Pratyabhijnahridayam</a></li></ul> <p><b>Neo-Vedanta</b> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Literary_works">Works by Vivekananda</a></li></ul> <p><b>Inchegeri Sampradaya</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasbodh" title="Dasbodh">Dasbodh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Teachers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Classical Advaita Vedanta</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandana_Misra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandana Misra">Mandana Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sure%C5%9Bvara" title="Sureśvara">Sureśvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmapadacharya" title="Padmapadacharya">Padmapadacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalananda" title="Amalananda">Amalananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathi_Tirtha" title="Bharathi Tirtha">Bharathi Tirtha</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_teachers_of_Advaita_Vedanta" class="mw-redirect" title="List of teachers of Advaita Vedanta">Advaita teachers</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Contemporary</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Swami Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Sivananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Sivananda">Swami Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Swami Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati_(Arsha_Vidya)" title="Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)">Swami Dayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Sarvapriyananda" title="Swami Sarvapriyananda">Swami Sarvapriyananda</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Shaivism/Tantra/Nath</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranath</a></li></ul> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neo-Advaita" title="Neo-Advaita">Neo-Advaita</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._W._L._Poonja" title="H. W. L. Poonja">H. W. L. Poonja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijnanabhiksu" title="Vijnanabhiksu">Vijnanabhiksu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Influences</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sramana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sramana">Sramanic movement</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Hinduism</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimamsa">Mimamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Buddhism</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-sectarian_Buddhism#Schayer_-_Precanonical_Buddhism" title="Pre-sectarian Buddhism">Precanonical Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamika" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhyamika">Madhyamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogacara" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogacara">Yogacara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-nature" title="Buddha-nature">Buddha-nature</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Monasteries and Orders</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><b>Classical Advaita Vedanta</b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dashanami_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Dashanami Sampradaya">Dashanami Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapadacharya_Math" title="Gaudapadacharya Math">Gaudapadacharya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri_Sharada_Peetham" title="Sringeri Sharada Peetham">Sringeri Sharada Peetham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govardhana_matha" class="mw-redirect" title="Govardhana matha">Govardhana Pīṭhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvaraka_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dvaraka Pitha">Dvāraka Pīṭhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirmath" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotirmath">Jyotirmaṭha Pīṭhaṃ</a></li></ul> <p><i><b>Modern Advaita Vedanta</b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsha_Vidya_Gurukulam" title="Arsha Vidya Gurukulam">Arsha Vidya Gurukulam</a></li></ul> <p><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></b></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Scholarship</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Academic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._H._Ingalls_Sr." title="Daniel H. H. Ingalls Sr.">Daniel H. H. Ingalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_De_Smet" title="Richard De Smet">Richard De Smet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliot_Deutsch" title="Eliot Deutsch">Eliot Deutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengaku_Mayeda" title="Sengaku Mayeda">Sengaku Mayeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_M%C3%BCller" title="Max Müller">Max Müller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajime_Nakamura" title="Hajime Nakamura">Hajime Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Olivelle" title="Patrick Olivelle">Patrick Olivelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantanand_Rambachan" title="Anantanand Rambachan">Anantanand Rambachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Sharma" title="Arvind Sharma">Arvind Sharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Non-academic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Godman" title="David Godman">David Godman</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#EAE8ED; white-space:wrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:left; border-top:solid 0.7px #ccc;color: var(--color-base)">Categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Advaita" title="Category:Advaita">Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Advaita_Vedanta" title="Category:Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vishishtadvaita_Vedanta" title="Category:Vishishtadvaita Vedanta">Vishishtadvaita Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Advaita_Shaivism" title="Category:Advaita Shaivism">Advaita Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Category:Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmir Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Category:Kashmir Shaivism">Inchegeri Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Nondualism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Nondualism (page does not exist)">Nondualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Advaita_teachers" title="Category:Neo-Advaita teachers">Neo-Advaita teachers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hinduism_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/20px-Hinduism_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/30px-Hinduism_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/40px-Hinduism_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="278" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a><br /></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Advaita" title="Template:Advaita"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Advaita" title="Template talk:Advaita"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Advaita" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Advaita"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While synthesising and popularising various strands of Hindu-thought, most notably <a href="/wiki/Classical_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical yoga">classical yoga</a> and (Advaita) Vedanta, Vivekananda was influenced by western ideas such as <a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a>, via <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarian</a> missionaries who collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKing2002_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKing2002-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipf1979_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipf1979-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERambachan1994_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERambachan1994-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalbfass1995_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalbfass1995-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERinehart2004_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERinehart2004-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His initial beliefs were shaped by Brahmo concepts, which included belief in a formless God and the deprecation of <a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">idolatry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20035_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan20035-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199929_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199929-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "streamlined, rationalized, monotheistic theology strongly coloured by a selective and modernistic reading of the <i>Upanisads</i> and of the Vedanta".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis200446_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis200446-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He propagated the idea that "the divine, the absolute, exists within all human beings regardless of social status",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlood1996258_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlood1996258-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that "seeing the divine as the essence of others will promote love and social harmony".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlood1996258_188-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlood1996258-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Via his affiliations with <a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Keshub Chandra Sen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nava_Vidhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nava Vidhan">Nava Vidhan</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis200499_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis200499-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> lodge,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004100_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004100-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis200499_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis200499-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESen200612–14_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESen200612–14-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti19958-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200620_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadrinath200620-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sen's <a href="/wiki/Band_of_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Band of Hope">Band of Hope</a>, Vivekananda became acquainted with Western <a href="/wiki/Esotericism" class="mw-redirect" title="Esotericism">esotericism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis200419-90,_97-100_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis200419-90,_97-100-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was also influenced by <a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a>, who gradually brought Narendra to a Vedanta-based worldview that "provides the ontological basis for '<i>śivajñāne jīver sevā</i>', the spiritual practice of serving human beings as actual manifestations of God."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaharaj2020177_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaharaj2020177-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda propagated that the essence of Hinduism was best expressed in <a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita Vedanta</a> philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson199433–34_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson199433–34-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, following Ramakrishna, and in contrast to Advaita Vedanta, Vivekananda believed that the Absolute is both immanent and transcendent.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Anil Sooklal, Vivekananda's neo-Vedanta "reconciles Dvaita or dualism and Advaita or non-dualism," viewing <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> as "one without a second," yet "both qualified, saguna, and qualityless, nirguna."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESooklal199333_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESooklal199333-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda summarised the Vedanta as follows, giving it a modern and Universalistic interpretation,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson199433–34_193-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson199433–34-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing the influence of classical yoga: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Each soul is potentially divine. The goal is to manifest this <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">Divinity</a> within by controlling nature, external and internal. Do this either by work, or worship, or mental discipline, or philosophy—by one, or more, or all of these—and be free. This is the whole of religion. Doctrines, or dogmas, or rituals, or books, or temples, or forms, are but secondary details.</p></blockquote> <p>Vivekananda's emphasis on <i>nirvikalpa samadhi</i> was preceded by medieval yogic influences on Advaita Vedanta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadaio20175_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadaio20175-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In line with Advaita Vedanta texts like <i><a href="/wiki/D%C5%97g-D%C5%97%C5%9Bya-Viveka" class="mw-redirect" title="Dŗg-Dŗśya-Viveka">Dŗg-Dŗśya-Viveka</a></i> (14th century) and <i><a href="/wiki/Vedantasara_(of_Sadananda)" title="Vedantasara (of Sadananda)">Vedantasara (of Sadananda)</a></i> (15th century), Vivekananda saw <a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">samadhi</a> as a means to attain liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEComans1993_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEComans1993-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda popularised the notion of <a href="/wiki/Involution_(esoterism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Involution (esoterism)">involution</a>, a term which Vivekananda probably took from western <a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophists</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a>, in addition to Darwin's notion of evolution, and possibly referring to the <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a> term <i><a href="/wiki/Satkaryavada" title="Satkaryavada">sātkarya</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeehs2020175_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeehs2020175-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theosophic ideas on involution has "much in common" with "theories of the descent of God in Gnosticism, Kabbalah, and other esoteric schools".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeehs2020175_204-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeehs2020175-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Meera Nanda, "Vivekananda uses the word involution exactly how it appears in Theosophy: the descent, or the involvement, of divine consciousness into matter."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENanda2010335_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENanda2010335-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With spirit, Vivekananda refers to <i><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">prana</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">purusha</a></i>, derived ("with some original twists") from Samkhya and <a href="/wiki/Classical_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical yoga">classical yoga</a> as presented by Patanjali in the <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga sutras">Yoga sutras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENanda2010335_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENanda2010335-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda linked <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a> with control of the mind, seeing truth, purity and unselfishness as traits which strengthened it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200393_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200393-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He advised his followers to be holy, unselfish and to have <i>shraddhā</i> (faith). Vivekananda supported <i><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">brahmacharya</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeifer2001164_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeifer2001164-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believing it the source of his physical and mental stamina and eloquence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVivekananda2001Conversations_and_Dialogues,_Chapter_"VI_–_X_Shri_Priya_Nath_Sinha",_Vol_'''5'''_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVivekananda2001Conversations_and_Dialogues,_Chapter_"VI_–_X_Shri_Priya_Nath_Sinha",_Vol_'''5'''-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vivekananda's acquaintance with Western esotericism made him very successful in Western esoteric circles, beginning with his speech in 1893 at the Parliament of Religions. Vivekananda adapted traditional Hindu ideas and religiosity to suit the needs and understandings of his Western audiences, who were especially attracted by and familiar with Western esoteric traditions and movements like <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="New thought">New thought</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004119-123_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004119-123-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An important element in his adaptation of Hindu religiosity was the introduction of his four yoga's model, which includes <a href="/wiki/Raja_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja yoga">Raja yoga</a>, his interpretation of Patanjali's <a href="/wiki/Yoga_sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga sutras">Yoga sutras</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004123-126_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004123-126-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which offered a practical means to realise the divine force within which is central to modern Western esotericism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004119–123_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004119–123-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1896, his book <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i> was published, which became an instant success and was highly influential in the Western understanding of yoga.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004125–126_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004125–126-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004149–180_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMichelis2004149–180-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nationalism was a prominent theme in Vivekananda's thought. He believed that a country's future depends on its people, and his teachings focused on human development.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVivekananda19961–2_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVivekananda19961–2-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wanted "to set in motion a machinery which will bring noblest ideas to the doorstep of even the poorest and the meanest".<sup id="cite_ref-Swami_Vivekananda_life_and_teaching_215-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swami_Vivekananda_life_and_teaching-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_legacy">Influence and legacy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Influence_and_legacy_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Influence and legacy of Swami Vivekananda">Influence and legacy of Swami Vivekananda</a></div> <p>Vivekananda was one of the most influential <a href="/wiki/Philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophers">philosophers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_reformer" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reformer">social reformers</a> in his contemporary India and the most successful and influential missionaries of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mohapatra_p14_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mohapatra_p14-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Piazza_p59_217-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piazza_p59-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</h3></div> <p>Vivekananda was one of the main representatives of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a>, a modern interpretation of selected aspects of Hinduism in line with <a href="/wiki/Western_esotericism" title="Western esotericism">western esoteric traditions</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theosophy_(Blavatskian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theosophy (Blavatskian)">Theosophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His reinterpretation was, and is, very successful, creating a new understanding and appreciation of Hinduism within and outside India,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was the principal reason for the enthusiastic reception of yoga, <a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a> and other forms of Indian spiritual self-improvement in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutta2003110_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutta2003110-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Agehananda_Bharati" title="Agehananda Bharati">Agehananda Bharati</a> explained, "...modern Hindus derive their knowledge of Hinduism from Vivekananda, directly or indirectly".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERambachan19946–8_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERambachan19946–8-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda espoused the idea that all sects within Hinduism (and all religions) are different paths to the same goal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShattuck199993–94_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShattuck199993–94-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this view has been criticised as an oversimplification of Hinduism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShattuck199993–94_220-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShattuck199993–94-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_nationalism">Indian nationalism</h3></div> <p>In the background of emerging <a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">nationalism</a> in British-ruled India, Vivekananda crystallised the nationalistic ideal. In the words of social reformer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Freer_Andrews" title="Charles Freer Andrews">Charles Freer Andrews</a>, "The Swami's intrepid patriotism gave a new colour to the national movement throughout India. More than any other single individual of that period Vivekananda had made his contribution to the new awakening of India".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBharathi1998b37_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBharathi1998b37-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vivekananda drew attention to the extent of poverty in the country, and maintained that addressing such poverty was a prerequisite for national awakening.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBharathi1998b37–38_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBharathi1998b37–38-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His nationalistic ideas influenced many Indian thinkers and leaders. <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a> regarded Vivekananda as the one who awakened India spiritually.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhide200869_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhide200869-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> counted him among the few Hindu reformers "who have maintained this Hindu religion in a state of splendor by cutting down the dead wood of tradition".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEParel200077_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEParel200077-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name-giving">Name-giving</h3></div> <p>In September 2010, the then Union Finance Minister <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a>, who subsequently became <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> from 2012 to 2017, approved in principle the Swami Vivekananda Values Education Project at a cost of <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1 billion</span> (US$12 million), with objectives including: involving youth with competitions, essays, discussions and study circles and publishing Vivekananda's works in a number of languages.<sup id="cite_ref-National_implementation_committee_approves_funds_for_Swami_Vivekananda_values_education_project_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_implementation_committee_approves_funds_for_Swami_Vivekananda_values_education_project-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, the West Bengal Police Training College was renamed the Swami Vivekananda State Police Academy, West Bengal.<sup id="cite_ref-Swami_Vivekananda_State_Police_Academy_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swami_Vivekananda_State_Police_Academy-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state technical university in <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> has been named the <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Swami_Vivekanand_Technical_University" title="Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University">Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> airport was renamed <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_Airport" title="Swami Vivekananda Airport">Swami Vivekananda Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Hindu_Airport_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindu_Airport-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Celebrations">Celebrations</h3></div> <p>National Youth Day in India is observed on Vivekananda's birthday (12 January). The day he delivered his speech at the Parliament of Religions (11 September) is observed as "World Brotherhood Day".<sup id="cite_ref-natyouthday_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natyouthday-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zee_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zee-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/150th_birth_anniversary_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda">150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda</a> was celebrated in India and abroad. The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in India, officially observed 2013 as the occasion in a declaration.<sup id="cite_ref-PTI_declaration_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PTI_declaration-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movies">Movies</h3></div> <p>Indian film director Utpal Sinha made a film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Light:_Swami_Vivekananda" title="The Light: Swami Vivekananda">The Light: Swami Vivekananda</a></i> as a tribute for his 150th birth anniversary.<sup id="cite_ref-Year-long_events_to_mark_Vivekananda's_150th_birthday_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Year-long_events_to_mark_Vivekananda's_150th_birthday-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Indian films about his life include: <i>Swamiji</i> (1949) by <a href="/wiki/Amar_Mullick" title="Amar Mullick">Amar Mullick</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_(1955_film)" title="Swami Vivekananda (1955 film)">Swami Vivekananda</a></i> (1955) by Amar Mullick, <i><a href="/wiki/Bireswar_Vivekananda" title="Bireswar Vivekananda">Birieswar Vivekananda</a></i> (1964) by Modhu Bose, <i>Life and Message of Swami Vivekananda</i> (1964) documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Bimal_Roy" title="Bimal Roy">Bimal Roy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_(1998_film)" title="Swami Vivekananda (1998 film)">Swami Vivekananda</a></i> (1998) by <a href="/wiki/G._V._Iyer" title="G. V. Iyer">G. V. Iyer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Swamiji_(film)" title="Swamiji (film)">Swamiji</a></i> (2012) <a href="/wiki/Laser_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser show">laser light</a> film by <a href="/wiki/Manick_Sorcar" title="Manick Sorcar">Manick Sorcar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Sound of Joy</i>, an Indian 3D-<a href="/wiki/Animated_short_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated short film">animated short film</a> directed by Sukankan Roy depicts the spiritual journey of Vivekananda. It won the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Non-Feature_Animation_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film">National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works"><span class="anchor" id="Literary_Works"></span>Works</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Bibliography of Swami Vivekananda">Bibliography of Swami Vivekananda</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:249px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora_front_cover_1897_edition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lectures from Colombo to Almora front cover 1897 edition" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora_front_cover_1897_edition.jpg/155px-Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora_front_cover_1897_edition.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora_front_cover_1897_edition.jpg/233px-Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora_front_cover_1897_edition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora_front_cover_1897_edition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Lectures from Colombo to Almora front cover 1897 edition</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:249px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vedanta Philosophy An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society 1901 cover page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg/149px-Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg/224px-Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg/298px-Vedanta_Philosophy_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society_1901_cover_page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="309" data-file-height="517" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Vedanta Philosophy An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society 1901 cover page</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lectures">Lectures</h3></div> <p>Although Vivekananda was a powerful orator and writer in English and Bengali,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas1991530_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas1991530-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was not a thorough scholar,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most of his published works were compiled from lectures given around the world which were "mainly delivered [...] impromptu and with little preparation".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150_236-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His main work, <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i>, consists of talks he delivered in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005149-150_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005149-150-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h3></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Bartaman_Bharat" title="Bartaman Bharat">Bartaman Bharat</a></i>, meaning "Present-day India",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMittra200188_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMittra200188-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a Bengali-language essay written by him, first published in the March 1899 issue of <i>Udbodhan</i>, the only Bengali-language magazine of Ramakrishna Math and Ramakrishna Mission. The essay was reprinted as a book in 1905 and later compiled into the fourth volume of <i>The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999118_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999118-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this essay his refrain to the readers was to honour and treat every <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> as a brother irrespective of whether he was born poor or in lower caste.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2011465_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2011465-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications">Publications</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <dl><dt>Published in his lifetime<sup id="cite_ref-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Kalpataru" title="Sangeet Kalpataru">Sangeet Kalpataru</a></i> (1887, with Vaishnav Charan Basak)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199933_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199933-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karma_Yoga_(book)" title="Karma Yoga (book)">Karma Yoga</a></i> (1896)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005124_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005124-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKearney2013169_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKearney2013169-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i> (1896 [1899 edition])<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995145_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995145-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Philosophy:_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society" title="Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society">Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora" title="Lectures from Colombo to Almora">Lectures from Colombo to Almora</a></i> (1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartaman_Bharat" title="Bartaman Bharat">Bartaman Bharat</a></i> <span class="languageicon">(in Bengali)</span> (March 1899), Udbodhan</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Master_(book)" title="My Master (book)">My Master</a></i> (1901), The Baker and Taylor Company, New York</li> <li><i>Vedânta philosophy: lectures on Jnâna Yoga</i> (1902) Vedânta Society, New York <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/919769260">919769260</a></li> <li><i>Jnana yoga</i> (1899)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Published posthumously</dt></dl> <p>Published after his death (1902)<sup id="cite_ref-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works_242-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Addresses on Bhakti Yoga</i></li> <li><i>Bhakti Yoga</i></li> <li><i>The East and the West</i> (1909)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2007314_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2007314-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inspired_Talks" title="Inspired Talks">Inspired Talks</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i>Narada Bhakti Sutras – translation</i></li> <li><i>Para Bhakti or Supreme Devotion</i></li> <li><i>Practical Vedanta</i></li> <li><i>Speeches and writings of Swami Vivekananda; a comprehensive collection</i></li> <li><i>Complete Works</i>: a collection of his writings, lectures and discourses in a set of nine volumes<sup id="cite_ref-CWSV_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CWSV-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Seeing Beyond the Circle</i> (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_saints" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu gurus and saints">List of Hindu gurus and saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-control" title="Self-control">Self-control</a> and <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Vidyaniketan_Educational_Institutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekananda Vidyaniketan Educational Institutions">Vivekananda Vidyaniketan Educational Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_(eight_limbs_of_yoga)" title="Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)">Ashtanga yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ</span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[ʃami<span class="wrap"> </span>bibekanɔndo]</a></span>; <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/12\/Swami_Vivekananda.ogg\/Swami_Vivekananda.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Swami Vivekananda.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/Swami_Vivekananda.ogg/Swami_Vivekananda.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vivekananda.ogg" title="File:Swami Vivekananda.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: <i>Svāmī Vivekānanda</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">নরেন্দ্রনাথ দত্ত</span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[nɔrendronatʰ<span class="wrap"> </span>dɔto]</a></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The exact date of the meeting is unknown. Vivekananda researcher Shailendra Nath Dhar studied the <i>Calcutta University Calendar of 1881—1882</i> and found in that year, examination started on 28 November and ended on 2 December<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199930_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya199930-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A brother monk of Narendranath</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On learning that Vivekananda lacked credentials to speak at the Chicago Parliament, Wright said "To ask for your credentials is like asking the sun to state its right to shine in the heavens".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200316_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhuyan200316-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McRae quotes "[a] sectarian biography of Vivekananda,"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRae199116_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRae199116-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> namely Sailendra Nath Dhar <i>A Comprehensive Biography of Swami Vivekananda, Part One</i>, (Madras, India: Vivekananda Prakashan Kendra, 1975), p. 461, which "describes his speech on the opening day".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRae199134,_note_20_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRae199134,_note_20-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brother monks or brother disciples means other disciples of Ramakrishna who lived monastic lives.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Michael Taft, Ramakrishna reconciled the dualism of form and formless,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaft2014_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaft2014-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regarding the Supreme Being to be both Personal and Impersonal, active and inactive.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ramakrishna: "When I think of the Supreme Being as inactive – neither creating nor preserving nor destroying – I call Him Brahman or Purusha, the Impersonal God. When I think of Him as active – creating, preserving and destroying – I call Him Sakti or Maya or Prakriti, the Personal God. But the distinction between them does not mean a difference. The Personal and Impersonal are the same thing, like milk and its whiteness, the diamond and its lustre, the snake and its wriggling motion. It is impossible to conceive of the one without the other. The Divine Mother and Brahman are one."<sup id="cite_ref-GM_195-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sooklalmquoytes Chatterjee: "Sankara's Vedanta is known as Advaita or <a href="/wiki/Non-dualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-dualism">non-dualism</a>, pure and simple. Hence it is sometimes referred to as Kevala-Advaita or unqualified monism. It may also be called abstract monism in so far as Brahman, the Ultimate Reality, is, according to it, devoid of all qualities and distinctions, nirguna and nirvisesa [...] The Neo-Vedanta is also Advaitic inasmuch as it holds that Brahman, the Ultimate Reality, is one without a second, <i>ekamevadvitiyam</i>. But as distinguished from the traditional Advaita of Sankara, it is a synthetic Vedanta which reconciles Dvaita or dualism and Advaita or non-dualism and also other theories of reality. In this sense it may also be called concrete monism in so far as it holds that Brahman is both qualified, saguna, and qualityless, nirguna (Chatterjee, 1963 : 260)."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESooklal199333_197-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESooklal199333-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Advaita Vedanta tradition in medieval times was influenced by, and incorporated elements from, the yogic tradition and texts like the <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i> and the <i>Bhagavata Purana</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadaio20174-5_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadaio20174-5-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Yoga Vasistha</i> became an authoritative source text in the Advaita vedanta tradition in the 14th century, while Vidyāraņya's <i>Jivanmuktiviveka</i> (14th century) was influenced by the <i>(Laghu-) Yoga-Vasistha</i>, which in turn was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmir Shaivism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMadaio20174_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMadaio20174-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-World_fair_1893_circulated_photo-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_fair_1893_circulated_photo_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231224201648/https://vivekananda.net/photos/1893-1895TN/pages/chicago-1893-september-harrr.htm">"World fair 1893 circulated photo"</a>. vivekananda.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vivekananda.net/photos/1893-1895TN/pages/chicago-1893-september-harrr.htm">the original</a> on 24 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+fair+1893+circulated+photo&rft.pub=vivekananda.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvivekananda.net%2Fphotos%2F1893-1895TN%2Fpages%2Fchicago-1893-september-harrr.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vedanta.gr/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/SwBhajan_4BasicPrincAdvVed_ENA4.pdf">"Bhajanānanda (2010), <i>Four Basic Principles of Advaita Vedanta</i>, p.3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bhajan%C4%81nanda+%282010%29%2C+Four+Basic+Principles+of+Advaita+Vedanta%2C+p.3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedanta.gr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F03%2FSwBhajan_4BasicPrincAdvVed_ENA4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Michelis2005">De Michelis 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oneindia.com/feature/swami-vivekananda-a-short-biography-1980622.html">"Swami Vivekananda: A short biography"</a>. <i>www.oneindia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.oneindia.com&rft.atitle=Swami+Vivekananda%3A+A+short+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2Ffeature%2Fswami-vivekananda-a-short-biography-1980622.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalindia.net/reformers/vivekananda.html">"Life History & Teachings of Swami Vivekanand"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Life+History+%26+Teachings+of+Swami+Vivekanand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalindia.net%2Freformers%2Fvivekananda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indianexpress.com/article/research/international-yoga-day-2017-how-swami-vivekananda-helped-popularise-the-ancient-indian-regimen-in-the-west-4715411/">"International Yoga Day: How Swami Vivekananda helped popularise the ancient Indian regimen in the West"</a>. 21 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Yoga+Day%3A+How+Swami+Vivekananda+helped+popularise+the+ancient+Indian+regimen+in+the+West&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fresearch%2Finternational-yoga-day-2017-how-swami-vivekananda-helped-popularise-the-ancient-indian-regimen-in-the-west-4715411%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFeuerstein2002600_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFeuerstein2002">Feuerstein 2002</a>, p. 600.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyman2010" class="citation book cs1">Syman, Stefanie (2010). <a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body"><i>The Subtle Body: The Story of Yoga in America</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus,_and_Giroux" class="mw-redirect" title="Farrar, Straus, and Giroux">Farrar, Straus, and Giroux</a>. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-23676-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-23676-2"><bdi>978-0-374-23676-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Subtle+Body%3A+The+Story+of+Yoga+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus%2C+and+Giroux&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-374-23676-2&rft.aulast=Syman&rft.aufirst=Stefanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarke2006209-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarke2006209_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarke2006">Clarke 2006</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrows1893" class="citation book cs1">Barrows, John Henry (1893). <i>The World's Parliament of Religions</i>. 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The Print. 4 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Sisters+and+brothers+of+America+%E2%80%94+full+text+of+Swami+Vivekananda%27s+iconic+Chicago+speech&rft.date=2019-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Findia%2Fsisters-and-brothers-of-america-full-text-of-swami-vivekanandas-iconic-chicago-speech%2F257916%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1994115-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1994115_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1994">Jackson 1994</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVon_Dense1999191-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVon_Dense1999191_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVon_Dense1999">Von Dense 1999</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/national-youth-day/">"Know About Swami Vivekananda on National Youth Day 2022"</a>. <i>SA News Channel</i>. 11 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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British Film Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780851706696" title="Special:BookSources/9780851706696"><bdi>9780851706696</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+cinema&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780851706696&rft.aulast=Rajadhyaksha&rft.aufirst=Ashish&rft.au=Willemen%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopaediaofi0000raja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/swamiji-s-story-in-3d-animation/cid/1278558">"Swamiji's story in 3D animation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph India">Telegraph India</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Telegraph+India&rft.atitle=Swamiji%27s+story+in+3D+animation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fwest-bengal%2Fswamiji-s-story-in-3d-animation%2Fcid%2F1278558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas1991530-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas1991530_235-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDas1991">Das 1991</a>, p. 530.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150_236-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005150_236-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Michelis2005">De Michelis 2005</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005149-150-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005149-150_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Michelis2005">De Michelis 2005</a>, p. 149-150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMittra200188-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMittra200188_238-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMittra2001">Mittra 2001</a>, p. 88.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999118-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChattopadhyaya1999118_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChattopadhyaya1999">Chattopadhyaya 1999</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekananda" class="citation web cs1">Vivekananda, Swami. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/volume_4/translation_prose/modern_india.htm">"Modern India (Complete Works of Vivekananda - Volume IV - Translations: Prose)"</a>. <i>www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info&rft.atitle=Modern+India+%28Complete+Works+of+Vivekananda+-+Volume+IV+-+Translations%3A+Prose%29&rft.aulast=Vivekananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramakrishnavivekananda.info%2Fvivekananda%2Fvolume_4%2Ftranslation_prose%2Fmodern_india.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalal2011465-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalal2011465_241-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDalal2011">Dalal 2011</a>, p. 465.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works_242-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vivekananda_Library_online_Works_242-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivekananda.net/BooksBySwami.html">"Vivekananda Library online"</a>. vivekananda.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vivekananda+Library+online&rft.pub=vivekananda.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vivekananda.net%2FBooksBySwami.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005124-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Michelis2005124_243-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Michelis2005">De Michelis 2005</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKearney2013169-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKearney2013169_244-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKearney2013">Kearney 2013</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995145-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanhatti1995145_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanhatti1995">Banhatti 1995</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUrban2007314-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUrban2007314_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUrban2007">Urban 2007</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CWSV-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CWSV_247-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekananda" class="citation web cs1">Vivekananda, Swami. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/complete_works.htm">"Complete Works - Index - Volumes"</a>. <i>www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info</i>. 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[United States: Temple Universal Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780977483006" title="Special:BookSources/9780977483006"><bdi>9780977483006</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+beyond+the+circle+%3A+the+lectures+of+Swami+Vivekananda+on+a+universal+approach+to+meditation&rft.place=%5BUnited+States&rft.pub=Temple+Universal+Pub&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780977483006&rft.aulast=Vivekananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdiswarananda2006" class="citation cs2">Adiswarananda, Swami, ed. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UY5wPUBjGbAC&pg=PA179"><i>Vivekananda, world teacher: his teachings on the spiritual unity of humankind</i></a>, Woodstock, Vermont: SkyLight Paths Pub, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59473-210-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59473-210-8"><bdi>1-59473-210-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivekananda%2C+world+teacher%3A+his+teachings+on+the+spiritual+unity+of+humankind&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+Vermont&rft.pub=SkyLight+Paths+Pub&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-59473-210-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUY5wPUBjGbAC%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArringtonChakrabarti2001" class="citation cs2">Arrington, Robert L.; Chakrabarti, Tapan Kumar (2001), "Swami Vivekananda", <i>A Companion to the Philosophers</i>, Blackwell Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22967-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-22967-4"><bdi>978-0-631-22967-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swami+Vivekananda&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Philosophers&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-631-22967-4&rft.aulast=Arrington&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft.au=Chakrabarti%2C+Tapan+Kumar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArora1968" class="citation cs2">Arora, V. K. (1968), "Communion with Brahmo Samaj", <i>The social and political philosophy of Swami Vivekananda</i>, Punthi Pustak</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Communion+with+Brahmo+Samaj&rft.btitle=The+social+and+political+philosophy+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Punthi+Pustak&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.aufirst=V.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadrinath2006" class="citation book cs1">Badrinath, Chaturvedi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qo1X96E0JPAC"><i>Swami Vivekananda, the Living Vedanta</i></a>. Penguin Books India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306209-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-306209-7"><bdi>978-0-14-306209-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda%2C+the+Living+Vedanta&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-306209-7&rft.aulast=Badrinath&rft.aufirst=Chaturvedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQo1X96E0JPAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanhatti1995" class="citation cs2">Banhatti, G.S. (1995), <i><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Philosophy_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda">Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda</a></i>, Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-291-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-291-6"><bdi>978-81-7156-291-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Philosophy+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Distributors&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-291-6&rft.aulast=Banhatti&rft.aufirst=G.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanhatti1963" class="citation cs2">Banhatti, G.S. (1963), <i>The Quintessence of Vivekananda</i>, Pune, India: Suvichar Prakashan Mandal, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1048955252">1048955252</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Quintessence+of+Vivekananda&rft.place=Pune%2C+India&rft.pub=Suvichar+Prakashan+Mandal&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1048955252&rft.aulast=Banhatti&rft.aufirst=G.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBharathi1998b" class="citation cs2">Bharathi, K.S. 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"Śivajñāne jīver sevā: Reexamining Swami Vivekananda's Practical Vedānta in the Light of Sri Ramakrishna". <i>Journal of Dharma Studies</i>. <b>2</b> (2): 175–187. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs42240-019-00046-x">10.1007/s42240-019-00046-x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202387300">202387300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Dharma+Studies&rft.atitle=%C5%9Aivaj%C3%B1%C4%81ne+j%C4%ABver+sev%C4%81%3A+Reexamining+Swami+Vivekananda%27s+Practical+Ved%C4%81nta+in+the+Light+of+Sri+Ramakrishna&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=175-187&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs42240-019-00046-x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A202387300%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Maharaj&rft.aufirst=Ayon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajumdar1963" class="citation cs2">Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1963), <i>Swami Vivekananda Centenary Memorial Volume</i>, Kolkata: Swami Vivekananda Centenary, p. 577, <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007J2FTS">B0007J2FTS</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda+Centenary+Memorial+Volume&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pages=577&rft.pub=Swami+Vivekananda+Centenary&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0007J2FTS%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Majumdar&rft.aufirst=Ramesh+Chandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalagiNaik2003" class="citation cs2">Malagi, R.A.; Naik, M.K. (2003), "Stirred Spirit: The Prose of Swami Vivekananda", <i>Perspectives on Indian Prose in English</i>, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-150-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-150-8"><bdi>978-81-7017-150-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stirred+Spirit%3A+The+Prose+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.btitle=Perspectives+on+Indian+Prose+in+English&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-150-8&rft.aulast=Malagi&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft.au=Naik%2C+M.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRae1991" class="citation cs2">McRae, John R. (1991), "Oriental Verities on the American Frontier: The 1893 World's Parliament of Religions and the Thought of Masao Abe", <i>Buddhist-Christian Studies</i>, <b>11</b>, University of Hawai'i Press: 7–36, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1390252">10.2307/1390252</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1390252">1390252</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buddhist-Christian+Studies&rft.atitle=Oriental+Verities+on+the+American+Frontier%3A+The+1893+World%27s+Parliament+of+Religions+and+the+Thought+of+Masao+Abe&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=7-36&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1390252&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1390252%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=McRae&rft.aufirst=John+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedhananda2022" class="citation book cs1">Medhananda, Swami (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yGibzgEACAAJ"><i>Swami Vivekananda's Vedāntic Cosmopolitanism</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-762446-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-762446-3"><bdi>978-0-19-762446-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda%27s+Ved%C4%81ntic+Cosmopolitanism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-19-762446-3&rft.aulast=Medhananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyGibzgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelis2004" class="citation cs2">Michelis, Elizabeth De (2004), <i>A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism</i>, Continuum, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8772-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8772-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-8772-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yoga%3A+Patanjali+and+Western+Esotericism&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8772-8&rft.aulast=Michelis&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+De&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Michelis2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_De_Michelis" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth De Michelis">De Michelis, Elizabeth</a> (8 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sHBBDq_Ul3sC&pg=PA124"><i>A History of Modern Yoga: Patanjali and Western Esotericism</i></a>. Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8772-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8772-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-8772-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yoga%3A+Patanjali+and+Western+Esotericism&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2005-12-08&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8772-8&rft.aulast=De+Michelis&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsHBBDq_Ul3sC%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller1995" class="citation cs2">Miller, Timothy (1995), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americasalternat00mill">"The Vedanta Movement and Self-Realization fellowship"</a></span>, <i>America's Alternative Religions</i>, Albany, New York: SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2398-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-2398-1"><bdi>978-0-7914-2398-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Vedanta+Movement+and+Self-Realization+fellowship&rft.btitle=America%27s+Alternative+Religions&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-2398-1&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericasalternat00mill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinor1986" class="citation cs2">Minor, Robert Neil (1986), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernindianinte0000unse">"Swami Vivekananda's use of the <i>Bhagavad Gita</i>"</a>, <i>Modern Indian Interpreters of the Bhagavad Gita</i>, Albany, New York: SUNY Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-297-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88706-297-1"><bdi>978-0-88706-297-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swami+Vivekananda%27s+use+of+the+Bhagavad+Gita&rft.btitle=Modern+Indian+Interpreters+of+the+Bhagavad+Gita&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-88706-297-1&rft.aulast=Minor&rft.aufirst=Robert+Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernindianinte0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMittra2001" class="citation book cs1">Mittra, Sitansu Sekhar (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WPFeBY9YEAQC&pg=PA88"><i>Bengal's Renaissance</i></a>. Academic Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-87504-18-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-87504-18-4"><bdi>978-81-87504-18-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bengal%27s+Renaissance&rft.pub=Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-87504-18-4&rft.aulast=Mittra&rft.aufirst=Sitansu+Sekhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWPFeBY9YEAQC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherji2011" class="citation cs2">Mukherji, Mani Shankar (2011), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monk_as_Man" title="The Monk as Man">The Monk As Man: The Unknown Life of Swami Vivekananda</a></i>, Penguin Books India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-310119-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-310119-2"><bdi>978-0-14-310119-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Monk+As+Man%3A+The+Unknown+Life+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-14-310119-2&rft.aulast=Mukherji&rft.aufirst=Mani+Shankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNanda2010" class="citation cs2">Nanda, Meera (2010), "Madame Blavatsky's Children: Modern Hindu Encounters with Darwinism", in Lewis, James R.; Hammer, Olav (eds.), <i>Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science</i>, BRILL</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Madame+Blavatsky%27s+Children%3A+Modern+Hindu+Encounters+with+Darwinism&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Religion+and+the+Authority+of+Science&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Nanda&rft.aufirst=Meera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikhilananda1964" class="citation cs2">Nikhilananda, Swami (April 1964), "Swami Vivekananda Centenary", <i>Philosophy East and West</i>, <b>14</b> (1), University of Hawai'i Press: 73–75, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1396757">10.2307/1396757</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1396757">1396757</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+East+and+West&rft.atitle=Swami+Vivekananda+Centenary&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-75&rft.date=1964-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1396757&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1396757%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nikhilananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikhilananda1953" class="citation cs2">Nikhilananda, Swami (1953), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivekananda.net/PDFBooks/BiographybyNikhilananda.pdf"><i>Vivekananda: A Biography</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, New York: Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-911206-25-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-911206-25-6"><bdi>0-911206-25-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vivekananda%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Ramakrishna-Vivekananda+Center&rft.date=1953&rft.isbn=0-911206-25-6&rft.aulast=Nikhilananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vivekananda.net%2FPDFBooks%2FBiographybyNikhilananda.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPangbornSmith1976" class="citation cs2">Pangborn, Cyrus R.; Smith, Bardwell L. (1976), "The Ramakrishna Math and Mission", <i>Hinduism: New Essays in the History of Religions</i>, Brill Archive</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Ramakrishna+Math+and+Mission&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+New+Essays+in+the+History+of+Religions&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Pangborn&rft.aufirst=Cyrus+R.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Bardwell+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParanjape2005" class="citation cs2">Paranjape, Makarand (2005), <i>Penguin Swami Vivekananda Reader</i>, Penguin India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-303254-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-303254-2"><bdi>0-14-303254-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Swami+Vivekananda+Reader&rft.pub=Penguin+India&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-14-303254-2&rft.aulast=Paranjape&rft.aufirst=Makarand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParanjape2012" class="citation book cs1">Paranjape, Makarand R. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-UjZlNCh-qwC"><i>Making India: Colonialism, National Culture, and the Afterlife of Indian English Authority</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-007-4661-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-007-4661-9"><bdi>978-94-007-4661-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+India%3A+Colonialism%2C+National+Culture%2C+and+the+Afterlife+of+Indian+English+Authority&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-94-007-4661-9&rft.aulast=Paranjape&rft.aufirst=Makarand+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-UjZlNCh-qwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParel2000" class="citation cs2">Parel, Anthony (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sErf-DzVI9EC&q=gandhi+on+vivekananda&pg=PA77"><i>Gandhi, Freedom, and Self-Rule</i></a>, Lexington Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0137-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0137-7"><bdi>978-0-7391-0137-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gandhi%2C+Freedom%2C+and+Self-Rule&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0137-7&rft.aulast=Parel&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsErf-DzVI9EC%26q%3Dgandhi%2Bon%2Bvivekananda%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2003" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Dr S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KekbVbtSnJcC"><i>Great Men Of India : Swami Vivekananda</i></a>. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-207-9138-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-207-9138-1"><bdi>978-81-207-9138-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Men+Of+India+%3A+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-207-9138-1&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Dr+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKekbVbtSnJcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrabhananda2003" class="citation cs2">Prabhananda, Swami (June 2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010111951/http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/ThinkersPdf/vivekane.pdf">"Profiles of famous educators: Swami Vivekananda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Prospects</i>, <b>XXXIII</b> (2), Netherlands: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>: 231–245, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1023603115703">10.1023/A:1023603115703</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162659685">162659685</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/ThinkersPdf/vivekane.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 10 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prospects&rft.atitle=Profiles+of+famous+educators%3A+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.volume=XXXIII&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=231-245&rft.date=2003-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1023603115703&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162659685%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Prabhananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibe.unesco.org%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Farchive%2Fpublications%2FThinkersPdf%2Fvivekane.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRambachan1994" class="citation cs2">Rambachan, Anantanand (1994), <i>The limits of scripture: Vivekananda's reinterpretation of the Vedas</i>, Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1542-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-1542-4"><bdi>978-0-8248-1542-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+limits+of+scripture%3A+Vivekananda%27s+reinterpretation+of+the+Vedas&rft.place=Honolulu%2C+Hawaii&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-1542-4&rft.aulast=Rambachan&rft.aufirst=Anantanand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards1996" class="citation cs2">Richards, Glyn (1996), "Vivekananda", <i>A Source-Book of Modern Hinduism</i>, Routledge, pp. 77–78, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0317-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-0317-3"><bdi>978-0-7007-0317-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vivekananda&rft.btitle=A+Source-Book+of+Modern+Hinduism&rft.pages=77-78&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-7007-0317-3&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Glyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinehart2004" class="citation book cs1">Rinehart, Robin (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hMPYnfS_R90C&pg=PA392"><i>Contemporary Hinduism: Ritual, Culture, and Practice</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-905-8"><bdi>978-1-57607-905-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Hinduism%3A+Ritual%2C+Culture%2C+and+Practice&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-905-8&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhMPYnfS_R90C%26pg%3DPA392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolland1929a" class="citation cs2">Rolland, Romain (1929a), "Naren the Beloved Disciple", <i>The Life of Ramakrishna</i>, Hollywood, California: Vedanta Press, pp. 169–193, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-44-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-44-0"><bdi>978-81-85301-44-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Naren+the+Beloved+Disciple&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Ramakrishna&rft.place=Hollywood%2C+California&rft.pages=169-193&rft.pub=Vedanta+Press&rft.date=1929&rft.isbn=978-81-85301-44-0&rft.aulast=Rolland&rft.aufirst=Romain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolland1929b" class="citation cs2">Rolland, Romain (1929b), "The River Re-Enters the Sea", <i>The Life of Ramakrishna</i>, Hollywood, California: Vedanta Press, pp. 201–214, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-44-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-44-0"><bdi>978-81-85301-44-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+River+Re-Enters+the+Sea&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Ramakrishna&rft.place=Hollywood%2C+California&rft.pages=201-214&rft.pub=Vedanta+Press&rft.date=1929&rft.isbn=978-81-85301-44-0&rft.aulast=Rolland&rft.aufirst=Romain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRolland2008" class="citation cs2">Rolland, Romain (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofvivekanand00roll/page/328"><i>The Life of Vivekananda and the Universal Gospel</i></a> (24th ed.), Advaita Ashrama, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofvivekanand00roll/page/328">328</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-01-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-01-3"><bdi>978-81-85301-01-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Vivekananda+and+the+Universal+Gospel&rft.pages=328&rft.edition=24th&rft.pub=Advaita+Ashrama&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-85301-01-3&rft.aulast=Rolland&rft.aufirst=Romain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofvivekanand00roll%2Fpage%2F328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeifer2001" class="citation cs2">Seifer, Marc (2001), <i>Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla : Biography of a Genius</i>, Citadel, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-1960-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8065-1960-9"><bdi>978-0-8065-1960-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wizard%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Nikola+Tesla+%3A+Biography+of+a+Genius&rft.pub=Citadel&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8065-1960-9&rft.aulast=Seifer&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Amiya_Prosad_Sen" title="Amiya Prosad Sen">Sen, Amiya</a> (2003), Gupta, Narayani (ed.), <i>Swami Vivekananda</i>, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-564565-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-564565-0"><bdi>0-19-564565-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-564565-0&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Amiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSen2006" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Amiya_Prosad_Sen" title="Amiya Prosad Sen">Sen, Amiya</a> (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=usBhrZcnJ78C"><i>Indispensable Vivekananda: anthology for our times</i></a>, Orient Blackswan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7824-130-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7824-130-2"><bdi>978-81-7824-130-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indispensable+Vivekananda%3A+anthology+for+our+times&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7824-130-2&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Amiya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DusBhrZcnJ78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1988" class="citation cs2">Sharma, Arvind (1988), "Swami Vivekananda's Experiences", <i>Neo-Hindu Views of Christianity</i>, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08791-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08791-0"><bdi>978-90-04-08791-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Swami+Vivekananda%27s+Experiences&rft.btitle=Neo-Hindu+Views+of+Christianity&rft.place=Leiden%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-90-04-08791-0&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Arvind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1963" class="citation cs2">Sharma, Benishankar (1963), <i>Swami Vivekananda: A Forgotten Chapter of His Life</i>, Kolkata: Oxford Book & Stationary Co., <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007JR46C">B0007JR46C</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda%3A+A+Forgotten+Chapter+of+His+Life&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pub=Oxford+Book+%26+Stationary+Co.&rft.date=1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB0007JR46C%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Benishankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShattuck1999" class="citation cs2">Shattuck, Cybelle T. (1999), "The modern period ii: forces of change", <i>Hinduism</i>, London: Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21163-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-21163-5"><bdi>978-0-415-21163-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+modern+period+ii%3A+forces+of+change&rft.btitle=Hinduism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-21163-5&rft.aulast=Shattuck&rft.aufirst=Cybelle+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheean2005" class="citation cs2">Sheean, Vincent (2005), "Forerunners of Gandhi", <i>Lead, Kindly Light: Gandhi and the Way to Peace</i>, Kessinger Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4179-9383-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4179-9383-3"><bdi>978-1-4179-9383-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Forerunners+of+Gandhi&rft.btitle=Lead%2C+Kindly+Light%3A+Gandhi+and+the+Way+to+Peace&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4179-9383-3&rft.aulast=Sheean&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShetty2009" class="citation cs2">Shetty, B. Vithal (2009), <i>World as seen under the lens of a scientist</i>, Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4415-0471-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4415-0471-5"><bdi>978-1-4415-0471-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+as+seen+under+the+lens+of+a+scientist&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4415-0471-5&rft.aulast=Shetty&rft.aufirst=B.+Vithal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSil1997" class="citation cs2">Sil, Narasingha Prosad (1997), <i>Swami Vivekananda: A Reassessment</i>, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania: Susquehanna University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-945636-97-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-945636-97-0"><bdi>0-945636-97-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda%3A+A+Reassessment&rft.place=Selinsgrove%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Susquehanna+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-945636-97-0&rft.aulast=Sil&rft.aufirst=Narasingha+Prosad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSooklal1993" class="citation cs2">Sooklal, Anil (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://reference.sabinet.co.za/webx/access/journal_archive/10165320/86.pdf">"The Neo-Vedanta Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Nidan</i>, <b>5</b></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nidan&rft.atitle=The+Neo-Vedanta+Philosophy+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.volume=5&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Sooklal&rft.aufirst=Anil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freference.sabinet.co.za%2Fwebx%2Faccess%2Fjournal_archive%2F10165320%2F86.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaft2014" class="citation cs2">Taft, Michael (2014), <i>Nondualism: A Brief History of a Timeless Concept</i>, Cephalopod Rex</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nondualism%3A+A+Brief+History+of+a+Timeless+Concept&rft.pub=Cephalopod+Rex&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Taft&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1974" class="citation cs2">Thomas, Abraham Vazhayil (1974), <i>Christians in Secular India</i>, Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-1021-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-1021-3"><bdi>978-0-8386-1021-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christians+in+Secular+India&rft.place=Madison%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-1021-3&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Abraham+Vazhayil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2003" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Wendell (1 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UK1zdGslGCQC"><i>Hinduism Invades America 1930</i></a>. Kessinger Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-8013-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-8013-0"><bdi>978-0-7661-8013-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism+Invades+America+1930&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-8013-0&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Wendell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUK1zdGslGCQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrban2007" class="citation book cs1">Urban, Hugh B. (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wvtLClojU_4C&pg=PA314"><i>Tantra: Sex, Secrecy, Politics and Power in the Study of Religion</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-2932-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-2932-9"><bdi>978-81-208-2932-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tantra%3A+Sex%2C+Secrecy%2C+Politics+and+Power+in+the+Study+of+Religion&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publisher&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-2932-9&rft.aulast=Urban&rft.aufirst=Hugh+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwvtLClojU_4C%26pg%3DPA314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirajananda2006" class="citation cs2">Virajananda, Swami, ed. (2006) [1910], <i>The Life of the swami Vivekananda by his eastern and western disciples... in two volumes</i> (6th ed.), Kolkata: Advaita Ashrama, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7505-044-6" title="Special:BookSources/81-7505-044-6"><bdi>81-7505-044-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+swami+Vivekananda+by+his+eastern+and+western+disciples...+in+two+volumes&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Advaita+Ashrama&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-7505-044-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVirajananda1918" class="citation cs2">Virajananda, Swami (1918), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8CAMAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Life of the Swami Vivekananda</i></a>, vol. 4, Prabuddha Bharata Office, Advaita Ashrama<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Prabuddha+Bharata+Office%2C+Advaita+Ashrama&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Virajananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8CAMAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekananda2001" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Vivekananda, Swami (2001) [1907], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramakrishnavivekananda.info/vivekananda/complete_works.htm"><i>Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda</i></a>, vol. 9 Volumes, Advaita Ashrama, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-75-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85301-75-4"><bdi>978-81-85301-75-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Works+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Advaita+Ashrama&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-85301-75-4&rft.aulast=Vivekananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramakrishnavivekananda.info%2Fvivekananda%2Fcomplete_works.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVivekananda1996" class="citation cs2">Vivekananda, Swami (1996), Swami Lokeswarananda (ed.), <i>My India : the India eternal</i> (1st ed.), Calcutta: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, pp. 1–2, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-85843-51-1" title="Special:BookSources/81-85843-51-1"><bdi>81-85843-51-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+India+%3A+the+India+eternal&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=1-2&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Ramakrishna+Mission+Institute+of+Culture&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=81-85843-51-1&rft.aulast=Vivekananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVrajaprana1996" class="citation book cs1">Vrajaprana, Pravrajika (1996). <i>A portrait of Sister Christine</i>. Calcutta: Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85843-80-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85843-80-3"><bdi>978-81-85843-80-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+portrait+of+Sister+Christine&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=Ramakrishna+Mission+Institute+of+Culture&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-81-85843-80-3&rft.aulast=Vrajaprana&rft.aufirst=Pravrajika&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWuthnow2011" class="citation book cs1">Wuthnow, Robert (1 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WxltPmukv0gC&pg=PA64"><i>America and the Challenges of Religious Diversity</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3724-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3724-3"><bdi>978-1-4008-3724-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+and+the+Challenges+of+Religious+Diversity&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-3724-3&rft.aulast=Wuthnow&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWxltPmukv0gC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolffe2004" class="citation book cs1">Wolffe, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-QedEtzRncC&pg=PA158"><i>Religion in History: Conflict, Conversion and Coexistence</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7107-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-7107-2"><bdi>978-0-7190-7107-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+in+History%3A+Conflict%2C+Conversion+and+Coexistence&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-7107-2&rft.aulast=Wolffe&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY-QedEtzRncC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Bibliography of Swami Vivekananda">Bibliography of Swami Vivekananda</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSister_Nivedita1913" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a> (1913). <a href="/wiki/Saradananda" title="Saradananda">Swami Saradananda</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_Some_Wanderings_with_the_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Notes of Some Wanderings with the Swami Vivekananda">Notes of Some Wanderings with the Swami Vivekananda</a></i>. Calcutta: The Brahmachari Gonendranath Udbodhan Office.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+of+Some+Wanderings+with+the+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pub=The+Brahmachari+Gonendranath+Udbodhan+Office&rft.date=1913&rft.au=Sister+Nivedita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sister_Gargi" title="Sister Gargi">Burke, Marie Louise</a> (1957). <i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_in_the_West:_New_Discoveries" title="Swami Vivekananda in the West: New Discoveries">Swami Vivekananda in the West: New Discoveries</a></i>. Kolkata: <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda+in+the+West%3A+New+Discoveries&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pub=Advaita+Ashrama&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Marie+Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSambudhdhananda1963" class="citation book cs1">Sambudhdhananda, Swami (1963). <i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_on_Himself" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Vivekananda on Himself">Swami Vivekananda on Himself</a></i>. Kolkata: <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7505-280-5" title="Special:BookSources/81-7505-280-5"><bdi>81-7505-280-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda+on+Himself&rft.place=Kolkata&rft.pub=Advaita+Ashrama&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=81-7505-280-5&rft.aulast=Sambudhdhananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGokhale1964" class="citation journal cs1">Gokhale, B. G. (January 1964). "Swami Vivekananda and Indian Nationalism". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Bible_and_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Bible and Religion">Journal of Bible and Religion</a></i>. <b>32</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 35–42. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1460427">1460427</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bible+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Swami+Vivekananda+and+Indian+Nationalism&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=35-42&rft.date=1964-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1460427%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gokhale&rft.aufirst=B.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanhatti1989" class="citation book cs1">Banhatti, G. S. (1989). <i><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Philosophy_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda">Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda</a></i>. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-291-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-291-6"><bdi>978-81-7156-291-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Philosophy+of+Swami+Vivekananda&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-291-6&rft.aulast=Banhatti&rft.aufirst=G.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._C._Majumdar" title="R. C. Majumdar">Majumdar, R. C.</a> (1999). <i>Swami Vivekananda: A historical review</i>. Calcutta: <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">King, Richard (2002). <i>Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and "The Mystic East"</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orientalism+and+Religion%3A+Post-Colonial+Theory%2C+India+and+%22The+Mystic+East%22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Bhuyan, Pranaba Ranjan (2003). <i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda:_Messiah_of_Resurgent_India" title="Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India">Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India</a></i>. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0234-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0234-7"><bdi>978-81-269-0234-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda%3A+Messiah+of+Resurgent+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0234-7&rft.aulast=Bhuyan&rft.aufirst=Pranaba+Ranjan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sankar_(writer)" title="Sankar (writer)">Mukherjee, Mani Shankar</a> (2011) [2003]. <i>Achena Ajana Vivekananda</i> [<i><a href="/wiki/The_Monk_as_Man:_The_Unknown_Life_of_Swami_Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Monk as Man: The Unknown Life of Swami Vivekananda">The Monk as Man: The Unknown Life of Swami Vivekananda</a></i>]. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Books India">Penguin Books India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Achena+Ajana+Vivekananda&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Mani+Shankar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChauhan2004" class="citation book cs1">Chauhan, Abnish Singh (2004). <i>Swami Vivekananda: Select Speeches</i>. Prakash Book Depot. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7977-466-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7977-466-3"><bdi>978-81-7977-466-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swami+Vivekananda%3A+Select+Speeches&rft.pub=Prakash+Book+Depot&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7977-466-3&rft.aulast=Chauhan&rft.aufirst=Abnish+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChauhan2006" class="citation book cs1">Chauhan, Abnish Singh (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IdjPPgAACAAJ"><i>Speeches of Swami Vivekananda and Subhash Chandra Bose: A Comparative Study</i></a>. Prakash Book Depot. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7977-149-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7977-149-5"><bdi>978-81-7977-149-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+of+Swami+Vivekananda+and+Subhash+Chandra+Bose%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pub=Prakash+Book+Depot&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-7977-149-5&rft.aulast=Chauhan&rft.aufirst=Abnish+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIdjPPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jyotirmaya_Sharma" title="Jyotirmaya Sharma">Sharma, Jyotirmaya</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/18844967"><i>A Restatement of Religion: Swami Vivekananda and the Making of Hindu Nationalism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19740-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19740-2"><bdi>978-0-300-19740-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Restatement+of+Religion%3A+Swami+Vivekananda+and+the+Making+of+Hindu+Nationalism&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19740-2&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Jyotirmaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F18844967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalhotra2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Malhotra" title="Rajiv Malhotra">Malhotra, Rajiv</a> (2016). <i>Indra's Net: Defending Hinduism's Philosophical Unity</i> (revised ed.). Noida, India: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins_Publishers_India" class="mw-redirect" title="HarperCollins Publishers India">HarperCollins Publishers India</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5177-179-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5177-179-1"><bdi>978-93-5177-179-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indra%27s+Net%3A+Defending+Hinduism%27s+Philosophical+Unity&rft.place=Noida%2C+India&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+India&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-93-5177-179-1&rft.aulast=Malhotra&rft.aufirst=Rajiv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/93-5177-179-2" title="Special:BookSources/93-5177-179-2">93-5177-179-2</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitra2023" class="citation web cs1">Mitra, Sarbajit (22 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231022083154/https://m.thewire.in/article/history/a-cricket-match-in-bengals-chinsurah-and-its-fascinating-connection-to-the-1857-revolt">"A Cricket Match in Bengal's Chinsurah and its Fascinating Connection to the 1857 Revolt"</a>. <i>thewire.in</i>. Kolkata: The Wire. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.thewire.in/article/history/a-cricket-match-in-bengals-chinsurah-and-its-fascinating-connection-to-the-1857-revolt">the original</a> on 22 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thewire.in&rft.atitle=A+Cricket+Match+in+Bengal%27s+Chinsurah+and+its+Fascinating+Connection+to+the+1857+Revolt&rft.date=2023-10-22&rft.aulast=Mitra&rft.aufirst=Sarbajit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.thewire.in%2Farticle%2Fhistory%2Fa-cricket-match-in-bengals-chinsurah-and-its-fascinating-connection-to-the-1857-revolt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukhopadhyay2019" class="citation web cs1">Mukhopadhyay, Atreyo (4 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416020605/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/may/04/when-swami-vivekananda-claimed-seven-wickets-and-other-eden-gardens-tales-1972482.html">"When Swami Vivekananda claimed seven wickets and other Eden Gardens tales"</a>. <i>newindianexpress.com</i>. Kolkata: The New Indian Express. Express News Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2019/may/04/when-swami-vivekananda-claimed-seven-wickets-and-other-eden-gardens-tales-1972482.html">the original</a> on 16 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newindianexpress.com&rft.atitle=When+Swami+Vivekananda+claimed+seven+wickets+and+other+Eden+Gardens+tales&rft.date=2019-05-04&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Atreyo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fsport%2Fcricket%2F2019%2Fmay%2F04%2Fwhen-swami-vivekananda-claimed-seven-wickets-and-other-eden-gardens-tales-1972482.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASwami+Vivekananda" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/person:vivekananda_swami_(1863-1902)">Works about Vivekananda</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL154597A/Vivekananda">Works by Vivekananda</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Vivekananda%2C%20Swami%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Swami%20Vivekananda%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Vivekananda%2C%20Swami%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Swami%20Vivekananda%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Vivekananda%2C%20S%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Swami%20Vivekananda%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Vivekananda%2C%20Swami%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Swami%20Vivekananda%22%29%20OR%20%28%221863-1902%22%20AND%20Vivekananda%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Swami Vivekananda</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/1306">Works by Swami Vivekananda</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330175816/http://www.belurmath.org/swamivivekananda.htm">Biography</a> at <a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a>'s official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cwsv.belurmath.org/">Complete Works of Vivekananda, Belur Math publication</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221125350/http://cwsv.belurmath.org/">Archived</a> 21 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>WBEZ Chicago <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbez.org/curious-city/2024/05/09/how-are-honorary-street-signs-created-in-chicago">Curious City podcast</a>: In response to a listener question, a reporter explains Swami Vivekananda's Chicago connection while tracking down his missing honorary street sign.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swami_Vivekananda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swami_Vivekananda" title="Template:Swami Vivekananda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swami_Vivekananda" title="Template talk:Swami Vivekananda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swami_Vivekananda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swami Vivekananda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swami_Vivekananda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swami Vivekananda</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Biography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Swami_Vivekananda%27s_Ancestral_House_and_Cultural_Centre" title="Ramakrishna Mission Swami Vivekananda's Ancestral House and Cultural Centre">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_prayer_to_Kali_at_Dakshineswar" title="Swami Vivekananda's prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar">Prayer to Kali at Dakshineswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranagar_Math" title="Baranagar Math">Baranagar Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda%27s_travels_in_India_(1888%E2%80%931893)" title="Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)">Swami Vivekananda's travels in India (1888–1893)</a></li> <li>Teachers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarada_Devi" title="Sarada Devi">Sarada Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Ramakrishna_and_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Relationship between Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda">Relationship with Ramakrishna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_at_the_Parliament_of_the_World%27s_Religions_(1893)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Vivekananda at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)">at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_in_California" title="Swami Vivekananda in California">in California</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg/100px-Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg/150px-Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg/200px-Swami_Vivekananda_1893_Scanned_Image.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1910" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Works and<br />philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Teachings and<br />philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_and_philosophy_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Teachings and philosophy of Swami Vivekananda">Teachings and philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_and_meditation" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekananda and meditation">Vivekananda and meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influence_and_legacy_of_Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Influence and legacy of Vivekananda">Influence and legacy of Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Bibliography of Swami Vivekananda">Bibliography</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sangeet_Kalpataru" title="Sangeet Kalpataru">Sangeet Kalpataru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartaman_Bharat" title="Bartaman Bharat">Bartaman Bharat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Works_of_Swami_Vivekananda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda (page does not exist)">The Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inspired_Talks" title="Inspired Talks">Inspired Talks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jnana_Yoga_(book)" title="Jnana Yoga (book)">Jnana Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karma_Yoga_(book)" title="Karma Yoga (book)">Karma Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lectures_from_Colombo_to_Almora" title="Lectures from Colombo to Almora">Lectures from Colombo to Almora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Master_(book)" title="My Master (book)">My Master</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_East_and_the_West" title="The East and the West">The East and the West</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Poems/songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kali_the_Mother_(poem)" title="Kali the Mother (poem)">"Kali the Mother"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khandana_Bhava%E2%80%93Bandhana" title="Khandana Bhava–Bandhana">Khandana Bhava–Bandhana</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Play_is_Done" title="My Play is Done">My Play is Done</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hymn_of_Samadhi" title="The Hymn of Samadhi">The Hymn of Samadhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_the_Sannyasin" title="The Song of the Sannyasin">The Song of the Sannyasin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_Fourth_of_July" title="To the Fourth of July">To the Fourth of July</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nachuk_Tahate_Shyama" title="Nachuk Tahate Shyama">Nachuk Tahate Shyama</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Lectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Buddhism,_the_Fulfilment_of_Hinduism" title="Buddhism, the Fulfilment of Hinduism">Buddhism, the Fulfilment of Hinduism</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ,_the_Messenger" title="Christ, the Messenger">Christ, the Messenger</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Religion_not_the_crying_need_of_India" title="Religion not the crying need of India">Religion not the crying need of India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Philosophy:_An_address_before_the_Graduate_Philosophical_Society" title="Vedanta Philosophy: An address before the Graduate Philosophical Society">Vedanta Philosophy</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arise,_awake,_and_stop_not_till_the_goal_is_reached" title="Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached">Arise, awake, and stop not till the goal is reached</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atmano_mokshartham_jagat_hitaya_cha" title="Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha">Atmano mokshartham jagat hitaya cha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahujana_sukhaya_bahujana_hitaya_cha" title="Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha">Bahujana sukhaya bahujana hitaya cha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Ashrama" title="Advaita Ashrama">Advaita Ashrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math,_Mangaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramakrishna Math, Mangaluru">Ramakrishna Math, Mangaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udbodhan" title="Udbodhan">Udbodhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society_of_New_York" title="Vedanta Society of New York">New York</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Disciples<br />and friends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Monastic disciples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhananda" title="Shuddhananda">Shuddhananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Virajananda" title="Swami Virajananda">Virajananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarupananda" title="Swarupananda">Swarupananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda" title="Swami Paramananda">Paramananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Other disciples<br />and friends</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_of_Khetri" title="Ajit Singh of Khetri">Ajit Singh of Khetri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasinga_Perumal" title="Alasinga Perumal">Alasinga Perumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Calv%C3%A9" title="Emma Calvé">Emma Calvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Goodwin" title="J. J. Goodwin">J. J. Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Wright" title="John Henry Wright">John Henry Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_MacLeod" title="Josephine MacLeod">Josephine MacLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Chapman_Bull" title="Sara Chapman Bull">Sara Chapman Bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Christine" title="Sister Christine">Sister Christine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhayananda" title="Abhayananda">Abhayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hastie" title="William Hastie">William Hastie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Rock_Memorial" title="Vivekananda Rock Memorial">Vivekananda Rock Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Day_(India)" title="National Youth Day (India)">National Youth Day (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_Airport" title="Swami Vivekananda Airport">Swami Vivekananda Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_Road_metro_station" title="Swami Vivekananda Road metro station">Swami Vivekananda Road metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBD_Belapur" title="CBD Belapur">Swami Vivekanand Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekanandar_Illam" title="Vivekanandar Illam">Vivekanandar Illam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Setu" title="Vivekananda Setu">Vivekananda Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Vivekananda statue"><i>Swami Vivekananda</i> statue (Golpark, Kolkata)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150th_birth_anniversary_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda">150th birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_Youth_Employment_Week" title="Swami Vivekananda Youth Employment Week">Swami Vivekananda Youth Employment Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Express" title="Vivek Express">Vivek Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_(1955_film)" title="Swami Vivekananda (1955 film)">Swami Vivekananda</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bireswar_Vivekananda" title="Bireswar Vivekananda">Bireswar Vivekananda</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_(1998_film)" title="Swami Vivekananda (1998 film)">Swami Vivekananda</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swamiji_(film)" title="Swamiji (film)">Swamiji</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Light:_Swami_Vivekananda" title="The Light: Swami Vivekananda">The Light: Swami Vivekananda</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Dramas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biley_(drama)" title="Biley (drama)">Biley</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bireswar_(drama)" title="Bireswar (drama)">Bireswar</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Namesake<br />educational<br />institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh_Swami_Vivekanand_Technical_University" title="Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University">Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Vivekananda_Educational_and_Research_Institute" title="Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute">Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Vivekananda_Centenary_College" title="Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College">Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_Subharti_University" title="Swami Vivekanand Subharti University">Swami Vivekanand Subharti University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekanand_University,_Madhya_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Vivekanand University, Madhya Pradesh">Swami Vivekanand University, Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Degree_College,_Kukatpally" title="Vivekananda Degree College, Kukatpally">Vivekananda Degree College, Kukatpally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Degree_College,_Puttur" title="Vivekananda Degree College, Puttur">Vivekananda Degree College, Puttur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Global_University" title="Vivekananda Global University">Vivekananda Global University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Institution" title="Vivekananda Institution">Vivekananda Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Kendra_Vidyalaya" title="Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya">Vivekananda Kendra Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda_Vidya_Mandir" title="Vivekananda Vidya Mandir">Vivekananda Vidya Mandir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Books about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_on_Himself" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Vivekananda on Himself">Swami Vivekananda on Himself</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_and_Philosophy_of_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda">Life and Philosophy of Swami Vivekananda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Notes_of_Some_Wanderings_with_the_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Notes of Some Wanderings with the Swami Vivekananda">Notes of Some Wanderings with the Swami Vivekananda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda:_Messiah_of_Resurgent_India" title="Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India">Swami Vivekananda: Messiah of Resurgent India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_in_the_West:_New_Discoveries" title="Swami Vivekananda in the West: New Discoveries">Swami Vivekananda in the West: New Discoveries</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pransakha_Vivekananda" title="Pransakha Vivekananda">Pransakha Vivekananda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rousing_Call_to_Hindu_Nation" title="Rousing Call to Hindu Nation">Rousing Call to Hindu Nation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_as_I_Saw_Him" title="The Master as I Saw Him">The Master as I Saw Him</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Researchers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankari_Prasad_Basu" title="Sankari Prasad Basu">Sankari Prasad Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Shankar_Mukherjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Mani Shankar Mukherjee">Mani Shankar Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Burke" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Louise Burke">Marie Louise Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Project page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Swami_Vivekananda" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Swami Vivekananda">WikiProject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Swami Vivekananda">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Swami Vivekananda">Wikiquote</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Swami Vivekananda">Wikisource texts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Swami_Vivekananda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Swami_Vivekananda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Swami Vivekananda</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ramakrishna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ramakrishna" title="Template:Ramakrishna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ramakrishna" title="Template talk:Ramakrishna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ramakrishna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ramakrishna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ramakrishna" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarada_Devi" title="Sarada Devi">Sarada Devi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarpukur" title="Kamarpukur">Kamarpukur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayrambati" title="Jayrambati">Jayrambati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpataru_Day" title="Kalpataru Day">Kalpataru Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna%27s_samadhi" title="Ramakrishna's samadhi">Ramakrishna's samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Ramakrishna_and_Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Relationship between Ramakrishna and Vivekananda">Relationship between Ramakrishna and Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg/150px-Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg/225px-Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg/300px-Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Teachings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_Ramakrishna" title="Teachings of Ramakrishna">Teachings of Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sri_Ramakrishna_Kathamrita" title="Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita">Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Sri_Ramakrishna" title="The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna">The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna%27s_influence" title="Ramakrishna's influence">Ramakrishna's influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna#Monastic_disciples" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Monastic<br />disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Abhedananda" title="Swami Abhedananda">Abhedananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adbhutananda" title="Adbhutananda">Adbhutananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaitananda" title="Advaitananda">Advaitananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhandananda" title="Akhandananda">Akhandananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna#Swami_Brahmananda" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Brahmananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjanananda" title="Niranjanananda">Niranjanananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmalananda" title="Nirmalananda">Nirmalananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburam_Maharaj_(Swami_Premananda)" title="Baburam Maharaj (Swami Premananda)">Premananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishnananda" title="Ramakrishnananda">Ramakrishnananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saradananda" title="Saradananda">Saradananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivananda" title="Shivananda">Shivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subodhananda" title="Subodhananda">Subodhananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigunatitananda" title="Trigunatitananda">Trigunatitananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiyananda" title="Turiyananda">Turiyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijnanananda" title="Vijnanananda">Vijnanananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Yogananda" title="Swami Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna#Householder_disciples" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Lay<br />disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhar_Sen" title="Adhar Sen">Adhar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Sen" title="Akshay Kumar Sen">Akshay Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaram_Bose" title="Balaram Bose">Balaram Bose</a></li> <li>Devendra Nath Majumdar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Charan_Nag" title="Durga Charan Nag">Durga Charan Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra_Ghosh" title="Girish Chandra Ghosh">Girish Chandra Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaler_Ma" title="Gopaler Ma">Gopaler Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshab_Chandra_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Keshab Chandra Sen">Keshab Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendranath_Gupta" title="Mahendranath Gupta">Mahendranath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Datta" title="Ram Chandra Datta">Ram Chandra Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Nath_Mitra" title="Surendra Nath Mitra">Surendra Nath Mitra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Institute_of_Culture" title="Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture">Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ramakrishna" title="Bibliography of Ramakrishna">Bibliography of Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramakrishna,_the_Great_Master" title="Sri Ramakrishna, the Great Master">Sri Ramakrishna, the Great Master</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infinite_Paths_to_Infinite_Reality" title="Infinite Paths to Infinite Reality">Infinite Paths</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kali%27s_Child" title="Kali's Child">Kali's Child</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_Ramakrishna" title="Views on Ramakrishna">Views on Ramakrishna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ramakrishna" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Ramakrishna"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ramakrishna" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Ramakrishna"><b>Wikiquote</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Ramakrishna_Paramahamsa" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Ramakrishna Paramahamsa"><b>Wikisource texts</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_independence_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Template talk:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Independence_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Independence Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_independence_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_India#Indian_independence_movement_(1885–1947)" title="History of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">Colonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Porto Grande de Bengala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Dutch Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_India" title="French India">French India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Battle of Buxar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anglo-Maratha Wars <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="First Anglo-Maratha War">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Second Anglo-Maratha War">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Maratha_War" title="Third Anglo-Maratha War">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior_campaign" title="Gwalior campaign">Gwalior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygar_Wars" title="Polygar Wars">Polygar Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellore_Mutiny" title="Vellore Mutiny">Vellore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasi_rebellion" title="Sannyasi rebellion">Sannyasi rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:British_India" title="Category:British India">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies<br />and ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhism" title="Gandhism">Gandhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism_in_South_Asia" title="Muslim nationalism in South Asia">Muslim nationalism in South Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_India" title="Socialism in India">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj" title="Swaraj">Swaraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events and<br /> movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">Partition of Bengal (1905)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1947)" title="Partition of Bengal (1947)">Partition of Bengal (1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Sociologist" title="The Indian Sociologist">The Indian Sociologist</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha_of_1918" title="Kheda Satyagraha of 1918">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Act" title="Rowlatt Act">Rowlatt Bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–1922)">Non-cooperation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolie-Begar_movement" title="Coolie-Begar movement">Coolie-Begar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauri_Chaura_incident" title="Chauri Chaura incident">Chauri Chaura incident, 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakori_conspiracy" title="Kakori conspiracy">Kakori conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qissa_Khwani_massacre" title="Qissa Khwani massacre">Qissa Khwani massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Satyagraha" title="Flag Satyagraha">Flag Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Commission" title="Simon Commission">1928 Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Report" title="Nehru Report">Nehru Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Fourteen Points of Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purna_Swaraj" title="Purna Swaraj">Purna Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharasana_Satyagraha" title="Dharasana Satyagraha">Dharasana Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi%E2%80%93Irwin_Pact" title="Gandhi–Irwin Pact">Gandhi–Irwin Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round table conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundh_Experiment" title="Aundh Experiment">Aundh Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Legion" title="Indian Legion">Indian Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cripps_Mission" title="Cripps Mission">Cripps Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quit_India_Movement" title="Quit India Movement">Quit India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Indian_Navy_mutiny" title="Royal Indian Navy mutiny">Bombay Mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_strikes_of_1946" title="Royal Air Force strikes of 1946">Royal Air Force strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_of_Yanaon" title="Coup d'état of Yanaon">Coup d'état of Yanaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_States_Peoples%27_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="All India States Peoples' Conference">Praja Mandala movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_Pact" title="Lucknow Pact">Lucknow Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Kisan_Sabha" title="All India Kisan Sabha">All India Kisan Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association" title="Hindustan Socialist Republican Association">Hindustan Socialist Republican Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indian_National_Congress" title="History of the Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Home_Rule_movement" title="Indian Home Rule movement">Indian Home Rule movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_League" title="Indian Independence League">Indian Independence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudai_Khidmatgar" title="Khudai Khidmatgar">Khudai Khidmatgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Party" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_movement" title="Category:Indian independence movement">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social<br />reformers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Vaidyanatha_Iyer" title="A. Vaidyanatha Iyer">A. Vaidyanatha Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayya_Vaikundar" title="Ayya Vaikundar">Ayya Vaikundar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyankali" title="Ayyankali">Ayyankali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Subramania_Iyer" title="G. Subramania Iyer">G. Subramania Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazulu_Lakshminarasu_Chetty" title="Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty">Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Ganesh_Agarkar" title="Gopal Ganesh Agarkar">Gopal Ganesh Agarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Hari_Deshmukh" title="Gopal Hari Deshmukh">Gopal Hari Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaldas_Ambaidas_Desai" title="Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai">Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._B._Kripalani" title="J. B. Kripalani">J. B. Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandukuri_Veeresalingam" title="Kandukuri Veeresalingam">Kandukuri Veeresalingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Govind_Ranade" title="Mahadev Govind Ranade">Mahadev Govind Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthulakshmi_Reddy" title="Muthulakshmi Reddy">Muthulakshmi Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Swami" title="Niralamba Swami">Niralamba Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandita_Ramabai" title="Pandita Ramabai">Pandita Ramabai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyar" title="Periyar">Periyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rettamalai_Srinivasan" title="Rettamalai Srinivasan">Rettamalai Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitribai_Phule" title="Savitribai Phule">Savitribai Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahu_of_Kolhapur" title="Shahu of Kolhapur">Shahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Khan" title="Syed Ahmad Khan">Syed Ahmad Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vakkom_Moulavi" title="Vakkom Moulavi">Vakkom Moulavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Ramji_Shinde" title="Vitthal Ramji Shinde">Vitthal Ramji Shinde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence<br /> activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accamma_Cherian" title="Accamma Cherian">Accamma Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyut_Patwardhan" title="Achyut Patwardhan">Achyut Patwardhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alluri_Sitarama_Raju" title="Alluri Sitarama Raju">Alluri Sitarama Raju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Maharana" title="Annapurna Maharana">Annapurna Maharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashfaqulla_Khan" title="Ashfaqulla Khan">Ashfaqulla Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunwar_Singh" title="Kunwar Singh">Babu Kunwar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahadur_Shah_Zafar" title="Bahadur Shah Zafar">Bahadur Shah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakht_Khan" title="Bakht Khan">Bakht Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basawon_Singh" title="Basawon Singh">Basawon Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Hazrat_Mahal" title="Begum Hazrat Mahal">Begum Hazrat Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh" title="Bhagat Singh">Bhagat Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathidasan" title="Bharathidasan">Bharathidasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Bhupendra Kumar Datta">Bhupendra Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidhan_Chandra_Roy" title="Bidhan Chandra Roy">Bidhan Chandra Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Chandra_Pal" title="Bipin Chandra Pal">Bipin Chandra Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad">Chandra Shekhar Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetram_Jatav" title="Chetram Jatav">Chetram Jatav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" title="Chittaranjan Das">Chittaranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadabhai_Naoroji" title="Dadabhai Naoroji">Dadabhai Naoroji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhan_Singh" title="Dhan Singh">Dhan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukkipati_Nageswara_Rao" title="Dukkipati Nageswara Rao">Dukkipati Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhale" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhale">Gopal Krishna Gokhale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant" title="Govind Ballabh Pant">Govind Ballabh Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Har Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemu_Kalani" title="Hemu Kalani">Hemu Kalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Mohan_Sengupta" title="Jatindra Mohan Sengupta">Jatindra Mohan Sengupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatindra_Nath_Das" title="Jatindra Nath Das">Jatindra Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Kamaraj" title="K. Kamaraj">K. Kamaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaiyalal_Maneklal_Munshi" title="Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi">Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khudiram_Bose" title="Khudiram Bose">Khudiram Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Krishna_Sinha" title="Shri Krishna Sinha">Shri Krishna Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Rai" title="Lala Lajpat Rai">Lala Lajpat Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Bhaktavatsalam" title="M. Bhaktavatsalam">M. Bhaktavatsalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghfoor_Ahmad_Ajazi" title="Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi">Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangal_Pandey" title="Mangal Pandey">Mangal Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithuben_Petit" title="Mithuben Petit">Mithuben Petit‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jauhar" title="Mohammad Ali Jauhar">Mohammad Ali Jauhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagnath_Naikwadi" title="Nagnath Naikwadi">Nagnath Naikwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Fadnavis" title="Nana Fadnavis">Nana Fadnavis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_Saheb_Peshwa_II" title="Nana Saheb Peshwa II">Nana Saheb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Kakkan" title="P. Kakkan">P. Kakkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Chaki" title="Prafulla Chaki">Prafulla Chaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pritilata_Waddedar" title="Pritilata Waddedar">Pritilata Waddedar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafi_Ahmed_Kidwai" title="Rafi Ahmed Kidwai">Rafi Ahmed Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Venkataraman" title="Ramaswamy Venkataraman">R. Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Prasad" title="Rajendra Prasad">Rajendra Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismil" title="Ram Prasad Bismil">Ram Prasad Bismil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_of_Jhansi" title="Rani of Jhansi">Rani Lakshmibai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajanand_Saraswati" title="Sahajanand Saraswati">Sahajanand Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangolli_Rayanna" title="Sangolli Rayanna">Sangolli Rayanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Naidu" title="Sarojini Naidu">Sarojini Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyapal_Dang" title="Satyapal Dang">Satyapal Dang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_Pagaro_VI" title="Pir of Pagaro VI">Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_ud-Daulah" class="mw-redirect" title="Siraj ud-Daulah">Siraj ud-Daulah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramania_Bharati" title="Subramania Bharati">Subramania Bharati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subramaniya_Siva" title="Subramaniya Siva">Subramaniya Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Sen" title="Surya Sen">Surya Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Prasad_Mukherjee" title="Syama Prasad Mukherjee">Syama Prasad Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Rani_Srivastava" title="Tara Rani Srivastava">Tara Rani Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatya_Tope" title="Tatya Tope">Tatya Tope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruppur_Kumaran" title="Tiruppur Kumaran">Tiruppur Kumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._O._Chidambaram_Pillai" title="V. O. Chidambaram Pillai">V. O. Chidamabaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanchinathan" title="Vanchinathan">Vanchinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeran_Sundaralingam" title="Veeran Sundaralingam">Veeran Sundaralingam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Virendranath Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwantrao_Holkar" title="Yashwantrao Holkar">Yashwantrao Holkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogendra_Shukla" title="Yogendra Shukla">Yogendra Shukla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_independence_activists" title="Category:Indian independence activists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Wavell,_1st_Earl_Wavell" title="Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell">Wavell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Canning,_1st_Earl_Canning" title="Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax">Irwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_1st_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto">Minto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Broun-Ramsay,_1st_Marquess_of_Dalhousie" title="James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie">Dalhousie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_William_Bentinck" title="Lord William Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mountbatten" title="Lord Mountbatten">Mountbatten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bulwer-Lytton,_1st_Earl_of_Lytton" title="Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton">Lytton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Clive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_James_Outram,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet">Outram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Cripps" title="Stafford Cripps">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hope,_2nd_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" title="Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of Linlithgow">Linlithgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Hastings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India" title="1946 Cabinet Mission to India">Cabinet Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">Republic of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Indian Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_integration_of_India" title="Political integration of India">Political integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Conference" title="Simla Conference">Simla Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bengal_Renaissance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Template:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Template talk:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bengal_Renaissance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bengal Renaissance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bengal_Renaissance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atul_Prasad_Sen" title="Atul Prasad Sen">Atul Prasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajnarayan_Basu" title="Rajnarayan Basu">Rajnarayan Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendra_Mohan_Bose" title="Debendra Mohan Bose">Debendra Mohan Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Gupta" title="Madhusudan Gupta">Madhusudan Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Elliot_Drinkwater_Bethune" title="John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune">Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendranath_Brahmachari" title="Upendranath Brahmachari">Upendranath Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Bankim Chandra Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" title="Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay">Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Datta" title="Akshay Kumar Datta">Akshay Kumar Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Vivian_Derozio" title="Henry Louis Vivian Derozio">Henry Derozio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Duff_(missionary)" title="Alexander Duff (missionary)">Alexander Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Chunder_Dutt" title="Romesh Chunder Dutt">Romesh Chunder Dutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar_Gain" title="Anil Kumar Gain">Anil Kumar Gain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadambini_Ganguly" title="Kadambini Ganguly">Kadambini Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monomohun_Ghose" title="Monomohun Ghose">Monomohun Ghose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramgopal_Ghosh" title="Ramgopal Ghosh">Ramgopal Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aghore_Nath_Gupta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aghore Nath Gupta (page does not exist)">Aghore Nath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hare_(philanthropist)" title="David Hare (philanthropist)">David Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lafont" title="Eugène Lafont">Eugène Lafont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanambrata_Brahmachari" title="Mahanambrata Brahmachari">Mahanambrata Brahmachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashutosh_Mukherjee" title="Ashutosh Mukherjee">Ashutosh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalikrishna_Mitra" title="Kalikrishna Mitra">Kalikrishna Mitra</a></li> <li>Harish Chandra Mukherjee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna Paramahamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gour_Govinda_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gour Govinda Ray (page does not exist)">Gour Govinda Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendrakishore_Ray_Chowdhury" title="Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury">Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghnad_Saha" title="Meghnad Saha">Meghnad Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Chandra_Sarkar" title="Akshay Chandra Sarkar">Akshay Chandra Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendralal_Sarkar" title="Mahendralal Sarkar">Mahendralal Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajendra_Nath_Seal" title="Brajendra Nath Seal">Brajendra Nath Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra_Sen" title="Girish Chandra Sen">Girish Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Keshub Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haraprasad_Shastri" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraprasad Shastri">Haraprasad Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Debendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendranath_Tagore" title="Satyendranath Tagore">Satyendranath Tagore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanadanandini_Devi" title="Jnanadanandini Devi">Jnanadanandini Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanindra_Nath_Gooptu" title="Fanindra Nath Gooptu">Fanindra Nath Gooptu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitanath_Tattwabhushan" title="Sitanath Tattwabhushan">Sitanath Tattwabhushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmabandhav_Upadhyay" title="Brahmabandhav Upadhyay">Brahmabandhav Upadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Vidyabagish" title="Ram Chandra Vidyabagish">Ram Chandra Vidyabagish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarkanath_Vidyabhusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan (page does not exist)">Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begum_Rokeya" title="Begum Rokeya">Begum Rokeya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_literature" title="Bengali literature">Bengali literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_poetry" title="Bengali poetry">Bengali poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bengal" title="Music of Bengal">Bengali music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangiya_Sahitya_Parishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangiya Sahitya Parishad">Bangiya Sahitya Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadralok" title="Bhadralok">Bhadralok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudiya_Math" title="Gaudiya Math">Gaudiya Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanam_Sampraday" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanam Sampraday">Mahanam Sampraday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="List of works by Kazi Nazrul Islam">Nazrul geeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nritya_Natya" title="Rabindra Nritya Natya">Rabindra Nritya Natya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Sangeet" title="Rabindra Sangeet">Rabindra Sangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambad_Prabhakar" title="Sambad Prabhakar">Sambad Prabhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattwabodhini_Patrika" title="Tattwabodhini Patrika">Tattwabodhini Patrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Bengal" title="Young Bengal">Young Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chittagong_College" title="Chittagong College">Chittagong College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute" title="Indian Statistical Institute">Indian Statistical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_School,_Kolkata" title="Hindu School, Kolkata">Hindu School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadavpur_University" title="Jadavpur University">Jadavpur University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_University,_Kolkata" title="Presidency University, Kolkata">Presidency University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethune_College" title="Bethune College">Bethune College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Dhaka" title="University of Dhaka">University of Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visva-Bharati_University" title="Visva-Bharati University">Visva-Bharati University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcutta_School_of_Tropical_Medicine" title="Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine">Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_reform_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template talk:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_reform_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Reform movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Dharm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advait_Mat" title="Advait Mat">Advait Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Light_Mission" title="Divine Light Mission">Divine Light Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Meditation_Institute" title="American Meditation Institute">American Meditation Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda movement">Ananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda#In_the_West._Ananda_Ashrama" title="Swami Paramananda">Ananda Ashrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Marga" title="Ananda Marga">Ananda Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Shree_Anandamayee_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha">Anandamayee Sangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Living_Foundation" title="Art of Living Foundation">Art of Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda#Organizations_founded" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Datta Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanuman Foundation">Hanuman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Janajagruti_Samiti" title="Hindu Janajagruti Samiti">Hindu Janajagruti Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Sena" title="Hindu Sena">Hindu Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Yuva_Vahini" title="Hindu Yuva Vahini">Hindu Yuva Vahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Sanstha" title="Sanatan Sanstha">Sanatan Sanstha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vedanta_Society" title="International Vedanta Society">International Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement" title="ISKCON Revival Movement">ISKCON Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Foundation" title="Isha Foundation">Isha Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Kriya Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi_Math" title="Mata Amritanandamayi Math">Mata Amritanandamayi Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matua_Mahasangha" title="Matua Mahasangha">Matua Mahasangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Dharma_Paripalana_Yogam_(SNDP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP)">Narayana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prarthana_Samaj" title="Prarthana Samaj">Prarthana Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja_Yoga" title="Sahaja Yoga">Sahaja Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba_movement" title="Sathya Sai Baba movement">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsang_(Deoghar)" title="Satsang (Deoghar)">Satsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Dharma" title="Satya Dharma">Satya Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyashodhak_Samaj" title="Satyashodhak Samaj">Satyashodhak Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li> <li>Shirdi Sai Baba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ashram" title="Sri Aurobindo Ashram">Sri Aurobindo Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramana_Ashram" title="Sri Ramana Ashram">Sri Ramana Ashram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Abidance_in_Truth" title="Society of Abidance in Truth">Abidance in Truth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadhyaya_Movement" title="Swadhyaya Movement">Swadhyay Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narnarayan_Dev_Yuvak_Mandal" title="Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal">NNDYM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Ghar Wapsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Women in Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Gurus</a> and <br /> revivalist writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi" title="Mata Amritanandamayi">Amritanandamayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gururaj_Ananda_Yogi" title="Gururaj Ananda Yogi">Ananda Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anukulchandra_Chakravarty" title="Anukulchandra Chakravarty">Anukulchandra Chakravarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arumuka_Navalar" title="Arumuka Navalar">Arumuka Navalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Maa" title="Boro Maa">Boro Maa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Mata" title="Daya Mata">Daya Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Ganapathi Sachchidananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidakhan_Babaji" title="Haidakhan Babaji">Haidakhan Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Hariharananda Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhguru" title="Sadhguru">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Bhagawan" title="Kalki Bhagawan">Kalki Bhagawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Chintaman_Kelkar" title="Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar">Kelkar, N. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Lekhraj" title="Dada Lekhraj">Lekhraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Neem Karoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda" title="Swami Paramananda">Paramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Prem Rawat</a></li> <li>Ram Chandra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar">Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Sen, K. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Tagore, D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Vaswani" title="Sadhu Vaswani">Vaswani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vipulananda" title="Swami Vipulananda">Vipulananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_revivalists" title="Category:Hindu revivalists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Influence of Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_Hindu_writers_(1848_to_date)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Template:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Template talk:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Hindu_writers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Hindu writers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_Hindu_writers_(1848_to_date)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> writers <small><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/India#Modern_India" title="India">1848</a> to date)</span></small></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_West" title="Hinduism in the West">Hinduism in the West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Indian philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Religious writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa (The Mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Anirvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Anirvan">Sri Anirvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Coomaraswamy" title="Ananda Coomaraswamy">Ananda Coomaraswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati_(Arsha_Vidya)" title="Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)">Dayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsvarupa_dasa_Goswami" title="Satsvarupa dasa Goswami">Satsvarupa dasa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendranath_Gupta" title="Mahendranath Gupta">Mahendranath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiddu_Krishnamurti" title="Jiddu Krishnamurti">Jiddu Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Prabhavananda" title="Swami Prabhavananda">Swami Prabhavananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Prem" title="Krishna Prem">Krishna Prem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Swami Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati (Arya Samaj)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satprakashananda" title="Swami Satprakashananda">Swami Satprakashananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Swami Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Swarup" title="Ram Swarup">Ram Swarup</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu politics">Political writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gautier" title="François Gautier">François Gautier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ram_Goel" title="Sita Ram Goel">Sita Ram Goel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Gopal_(author)" title="Ram Gopal (author)">Ram Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Bal Gangadhar Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartik_Oraon" title="Kartik Oraon">Kartik Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh" title="Jaswant Singh">Jaswant Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literary writers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chattopadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay">Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdhari_Singh_Dinkar" title="Ramdhari Singh Dinkar">Ramdhari Singh Dinkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rajagopalachari" title="C. Rajagopalachari">C. Rajagopalachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._D._Sethna" title="K. D. Sethna">K. D. Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish_Tripathi" title="Amish Tripathi">Amish Tripathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Vinayak Damodar Savarkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westerners influenced<br /> by Hinduism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Besant" title="Annie Besant">Annie Besant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Blavatsky" title="Helena Blavatsky">Helena Blavatsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Chopra" title="Deepak Chopra">Deepak Chopra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Dyer" title="Wayne Dyer">Wayne Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">R.W. Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">René Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood" title="Christopher Isherwood">Christopher Isherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Montessori" title="Maria Montessori">Maria Montessori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Steel_Olcott" title="Henry Steel Olcott">H.S. Olcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Robert_Oppenheimer" title="J. Robert Oppenheimer">Oppenheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Roerich" title="Helena Roerich">Helena Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romain_Rolland" title="Romain Rolland">Romain Rolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Watts" title="Alan Watts">Alan Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Wilber" title="Ken Wilber">Ken Wilber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W. B. Yeats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indology" title="Indology">Scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Dani%C3%A9lou" title="Alain Daniélou">Alain Daniélou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._N._Balagangadhara" title="S. N. Balagangadhara">S. N. Balagangadhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Danino" title="Michel Danino">Michel Danino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampal" title="Dharampal">Dharampal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mircea_Eliade" title="Mircea Eliade">Mircea Eliade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Gargi" title="Sister Gargi">Sister Gargi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Feuerstein" title="Georg Feuerstein">Georg Feuerstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Jain" title="Meenakshi Jain">Meenakshi Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Klostermaier" title="Klaus Klostermaier">Klaus Klostermaier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajime_Nakamura" title="Hajime Nakamura">Hajime Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anantanand_Rambachan" title="Anantanand Rambachan">Anantanand Rambachan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Sharma" title="Arvind Sharma">Arvind Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Schweig" title="Graham Schweig">Graham Schweig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Eastern_religions_writers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of modern Eastern religions writers">List of modern Eastern religions writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_writers_on_Hinduism" title="List of writers on Hinduism">List of writers on Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga_as_exercise" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Template talk:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga_as_exercise" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga as exercise"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga_as_exercise" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asanas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditative_postures" title="Meditative postures">Meditation seats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_pose" title="Tree pose">Tree pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadrasana" title="Virabhadrasana">Warrior</a></li> <li>Accompaniments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_teacher_training" title="Yoga teacher training">Teacher training</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Standards <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wheel_of_Yoga" title="British Wheel of Yoga">British Wheel of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_of_Yoga" title="European Union of Yoga">European Union of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Van_Lysebeth" title="André Van Lysebeth">André Van Lysebeth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Alliance" title="Yoga Alliance">Yoga Alliance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_therapeutic_purposes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga for therapeutic purposes">Therapy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/Accessible_yoga" title="Accessible yoga">Accessible yoga</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Trauma-sensitive_yoga" title="Trauma-sensitive yoga">Trauma-sensitive yoga</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Restorative_Yoga" title="Restorative Yoga">Restorative Yoga</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/Yoga_nidra" title="Yoga nidra">Yoga nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Miller_(psychologist)" title="Richard Miller (psychologist)">International Association of Yoga Therapists • Richard Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_yoga" title="Competitive yoga">Competitive yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_brick" title="Yoga brick">Yoga brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_mat" title="Yoga mat">Yoga mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Farmer" title="Angela Farmer">Angela Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugger_Mugger_Yoga_Products" title="Hugger Mugger Yoga Products">Hugger Mugger</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_pants" title="Yoga pants">Yoga pants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lululemon_Athletica" title="Lululemon Athletica">Lululemon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/80px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/120px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg/160px-Ardha-Chandrasana_Yoga-Asana_Nina-Mel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_yoga" title="Early modern yoga">Early modern yoga</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li>1896 <i><a href="/wiki/Raja_Yoga_(book)" title="Raja Yoga (book)">Raja Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bernard_(yogi)" title="Pierre Bernard (yogi)">Pierre Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Gymnastics" class="mw-redirect" title="Harmonic Gymnastics">Harmonial gymnastics/yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Agniel" title="Marguerite Agniel">Marguerite Agniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Bagot_Stack" title="Mary Bagot Stack">Mary Bagot Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Stebbins" title="Genevieve Stebbins">Genevieve Stebbins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_culture" title="Physical culture">Physical culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishnu_Charan_Ghosh" title="Bishnu Charan Ghosh">B. C. Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Iyer" title="K. V. Iyer">K. V. Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seetharaman_Sundaram" title="Seetharaman Sundaram">Seetharaman Sundaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Autobiography_of_a_Yogi" title="Autobiography of a Yogi">Autobiography of a Yogi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_yoga" title="Hot yoga">Hot yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_yoga" title="Science of yoga">Science of yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Remski" title="Matthew Remski">Matthew Remski</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_and_cultural_appropriation" title="Yoga and cultural appropriation">Yoga and cultural appropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_advertising" title="Yoga in advertising">In advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_children" title="Yoga for children">For children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">For women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geeta_Iyengar" title="Geeta Iyengar">Geeta Iyengar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_tourism" title="Yoga tourism">Yoga tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1938 <a href="/wiki/Naked_yoga" title="Naked yoga">Naked yoga</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jude_Boccio" title="Frank Jude Boccio">Frank Jude Boccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Cushman" title="Anne Cushman">Anne Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janice_Gates" title="Janice Gates">Janice Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Kabat-Zinn" title="Jon Kabat-Zinn">Jon Kabat-Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyndi_Lee" title="Cyndi Lee">Cyndi Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Moffitt" title="Phillip Moffitt">Phillip Moffitt</a></li></ul></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Acroyoga" title="Acroyoga">Acroyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doga_(yoga)" title="Doga (yoga)">Doga</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Paddleboard_Yoga" title="Paddleboard Yoga">Paddleboard Yoga</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Aerial_yoga" title="Aerial yoga">Aerial yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_yoga" title="Beer yoga">Beer yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga in America">America</a> <ul><li>1961 <i><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hittleman" title="Richard Hittleman">Yoga for Health</a></i></li> <li>1970 <i><a href="/wiki/Lilias,_Yoga_and_You" title="Lilias, Yoga and You">Lilias, Yoga and You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain" title="Yoga in Britain">Britain</a> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Marshall" title="Lyn Marshall">Lyn Marshall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_France" title="Yoga in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Germany" title="Yoga in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_yoga_in_India" title="Postural yoga in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Italy" title="Yoga in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Russia" title="Yoga in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Sweden" title="Yoga in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brathen" title="Rachel Brathen">Rachel Brathen</a></li></ul></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li>1941 <a href="/wiki/Selvarajan_Yesudian" title="Selvarajan Yesudian">Selvarajan Yesudian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1996 <i><a href="/wiki/Norman_Sjoman" title="Norman Sjoman">Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace</a></i></li> <li>2004 <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Alter" title="Joseph Alter">Yoga in Modern India</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_Modern_Yoga" title="A History of Modern Yoga">A History of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2005 <i><a href="/wiki/Positioning_Yoga" title="Positioning Yoga">Positioning Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2010 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body">Yoga Body</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Subtle_Body" title="The Subtle Body">The Subtle Body</a></i></li> <li>2015 <i><a href="/wiki/Selling_Yoga" title="Selling Yoga">Selling Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2016 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Path_of_Modern_Yoga" title="The Path of Modern Yoga">The Path of Modern Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2017 <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li>2019 <i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_in_Britain:_Stretching_Spirituality_and_Educating_Yogis" title="Yoga in Britain: Stretching Spirituality and Educating Yogis">Yoga in Britain</a></i></li> <li>2020 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Yoga" title="The Story of Yoga">The Story of Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <i><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2006_film)" title="Guru (2006 film)">Guru</a></i></li> <li>2009 <i><a href="/wiki/Enlighten_Up!" title="Enlighten Up!">Enlighten Up!</a></i></li> <li>2012 <i><a href="/wiki/Breath_of_the_Gods" title="Breath of the Gods">Breath of the Gods</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">Schools</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Gurus</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1918 <a href="/wiki/The_Yoga_Institute" title="The Yoga Institute">The Yoga Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Shri Yogendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansa_Yogendra" title="Hansa Yogendra">Hansa Yogendra</a></li></ul></li> <li>1924 <a href="/wiki/Kaivalyadhama_Health_and_Yoga_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaivalyadhama Health and Yoga Research Center">Kaivalyadhama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Swami Kuvalayananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1934 <a href="/wiki/Viniyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Viniyoga">Viniyoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Tirumalai Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Makaranda" title="Yoga Makaranda">Yoga Makaranda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._V._Desikachar" title="T. K. V. Desikachar">T. K. V. Desikachar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._G._Mohan" title="A. G. Mohan">A. G. Mohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Devi" title="Indra Devi">Indra Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srivatsa_Ramaswami" title="Srivatsa Ramaswami">Srivatsa Ramaswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanda_Scaravelli" title="Vanda Scaravelli">Vanda Scaravelli</a></li></ul></li> <li>c. 1948 <a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_vinyasa_yoga" title="Ashtanga vinyasa yoga">Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">K. Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_style" title="Mysore style">Mysore style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(yoga_teacher)" title="Tim Miller (yoga teacher)">Tim Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kino_MacGregor" title="Kino MacGregor">Kino MacGregor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Schultz" title="Larry Schultz">Larry Schultz</a></li></ul></li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Complete_Illustrated_Book_of_Yoga" title="Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga">Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1963 <a href="/wiki/Bihar_School_of_Yoga" title="Bihar School of Yoga">Bihar School of Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satyananda_Saraswati" title="Satyananda Saraswati">Satyananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Yoga" title="Ananda Yoga">Ananda Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Integral_Yoga_(Satchidananda)" title="Integral Yoga (Satchidananda)">Integral Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satchidananda_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li></ul></li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Kripalu_Center" title="Kripalu Center">Kripalu Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cope" title="Stephen Cope">Stephen Cope</a></li></ul></li> <li>1971 <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li></ul></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Bikram_Yoga" title="Bikram Yoga">Bikram Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Iyengar_Yoga" title="Iyengar Yoga">Iyengar Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_the_Iyengar_Way" title="Yoga the Iyengar Way">Yoga the Iyengar Way</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li>c. 1975 <a href="/wiki/Yin_Yoga" title="Yin Yoga">Yin Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulie_Zink" title="Paulie Zink">Paulie Zink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grilley" title="Paul Grilley">Paul Grilley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Powers" title="Sarah Powers">Sarah Powers</a></li></ul></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Yoga" title="Forrest Yoga">Forrest Yoga</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Jivamukti_Yoga" title="Jivamukti Yoga">Jivamukti Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Gannon" title="Sharon Gannon">Sharon Gannon</a></li></ul></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Power_Yoga" title="Power Yoga">Power Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Bender Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Kest" title="Bryan Kest">Bryan Kest</a></li></ul></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Anusara_School_of_Hatha_Yoga" title="Anusara School of Hatha Yoga">Anusara Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li></ul></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Core_Strength_Vinyasa_Yoga" title="Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga">Core Strength Vinyasa Yoga (Sadie Nardini)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Asanas" title="Template:Asanas">Asanas (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga_teachers" title="Category:Yoga teachers">Yoga teachers (category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Yoginis" title="Template:Modern Yoginis">Modern Yoginis (template)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_yoga_gurus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Template:Modern yoga gurus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Template talk:Modern yoga gurus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern yoga gurus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_yoga_gurus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Modern yoga gurus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gurus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amrit_Desai" title="Amrit Desai">Amrit Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryl_Bender_Birch" title="Beryl Bender Birch">Beryl Birch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurumayi_Chidvilasananda" title="Gurumayi Chidvilasananda">Chidvilasananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikram_Choudhury" title="Bikram Choudhury">Bikram Choudhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh_Kaur_Khalsa" title="Gurmukh Kaur Khalsa">Gurmukh Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi_Bhajan" title="Yogi Bhajan">Harbhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Friend_(yogi)" title="John Friend (yogi)">John Friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumalai_Krishnamacharya" title="Tirumalai Krishnamacharya">Krishnamacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kuvalayananda" title="Swami Kuvalayananda">Kuvalayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Mittra" title="Dharma Mittra">Dharma Mittra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktananda" title="Muktananda">Muktananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Pattabhi_Jois" title="K. Pattabhi Jois">Pattabhi Jois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdev" title="Ramdev">Ramdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satchidananda_Saraswati" title="Swami Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankarananda_(Shiva_Yoga)" title="Shankarananda (Shiva Yoga)">Shankarananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Dayal_Singh" title="Shiv Dayal Singh">Shiv Dayal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">Sundarraja Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Yogendra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Yogendra">Yogendra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-lineage_yoga" title="Post-lineage yoga">Post-lineage yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse_by_yoga_gurus" title="Sexual abuse by yoga gurus">Sexual abuse by yoga gurus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Yoga" title="Category:Yoga">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="/wiki/History_of_religious_pluralism" title="History of religious pluralism">History of religious pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusivism" title="Inclusivism">Inclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indifferentism" title="Indifferentism">Indifferentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue" title="Interfaith dialogue">Interfaith dialogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfaith_marriage" title="Interfaith marriage">Interfaith marriage</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirari_vos" title="Mirari vos">Mirari vos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_relativism" title="Moral relativism">Moral relativism</a> vs <a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditionalist School">Traditionalist School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(politics)" title="Confessionalism (politics)">Confessionalism (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifaith_space" title="Multifaith space">Multifaith space</a></li> <li><a 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title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dupuis_(Jesuit)" title="Jacques Dupuis (Jesuit)">Jacques Dupuis (Jesuit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hick" title="John Hick">John Hick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj_Muhammad_Legenhausen" title="Hajj Muhammad Legenhausen">Hajj Muhammad Legenhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Courtney_Murray" title="John Courtney Murray">John Courtney Murray</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Swami Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg" title="Emanuel Swedenborg">Emanuel Swedenborg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_F._Knitter" title="Paul F. Knitter">Paul F. Knitter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Christianity" title="Buddhism and Christianity">Buddhism and Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism and Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_teachings" title="Three teachings">Three teachings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Social_philosophy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_philosophy" title="Template:Social philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_philosophy" title="Template talk:Social philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Social_philosophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Social_philosophy" title="Social philosophy">Social philosophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agency_(philosophy)" title="Agency (philosophy)">Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomie" title="Anomie">Anomie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_(norm)" title="Convention (norm)">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customary_law" title="Customary law">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage" title="Cultural heritage">Cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">Culturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interculturalism" title="Interculturalism">Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History" title="History">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour" title="Honour">Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">Human nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_(social_science)" title="Identity (social science)">Identity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Formation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">Ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institution" title="Institution">Institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_hand" title="Invisible hand">Invisible hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty" title="Loyalty">Loyalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernity" title="Modernity">Modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_morality" title="Public morality">Public</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mores" title="Mores">Mores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_character" title="National character">National character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reification_(Marxism)" title="Reification (Marxism)">Reification</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ressentiment" title="Ressentiment">Ressentiment</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">Rights</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sittlichkeit" title="Sittlichkeit">Sittlichkeit</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_alienation" title="Social alienation">Social alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">Social norms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship" title="Stewardship">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics_and_social_sciences)" title="Value (ethics and social sciences)">Values</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family</a></li></ul></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Volksgeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksgeist">Volksgeist</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldview" title="Worldview">Worldview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_School" title="Budapest School">Budapest School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">Social</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_School" title="Frankfurt School">Frankfurt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism" title="Personalism">Personalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactantius" title="Lactantius">Lactantius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laozi" title="Laozi">Laozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mencius" title="Mencius">Mencius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozi" title="Mozi">Mozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunzi_(philosopher)" title="Xunzi (philosopher)">Xunzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Alpharabius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni" title="Leonardo Bruni">Bruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khaldun" title="Ibn Khaldun">Ibn Khaldun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photios_I_of_Constantinople" title="Photios I of Constantinople">Photios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemistos_Plethon" title="Gemistos Plethon">Plethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufayl" title="Ibn Tufayl">Ibn Tufayl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Guicciardini" title="Francesco Guicciardini">Guicciardini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Montaigne" title="Michel de Montaigne">Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%BCntzer" title="Thomas Müntzer">Müntzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th and 19th<br />centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Bentham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Bonald" title="Louis de Bonald">Bonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carlyle" title="Thomas Carlyle">Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Comte" title="Auguste Comte">Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Adrien_Helv%C3%A9tius" title="Claude Adrien Helvétius">Helvétius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Herder" title="Johann Gottfried Herder">Herder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Kierkegaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Le_Bon" title="Gustave Le Bon">Le Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_le_Play" title="Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play">Le Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Renan" title="Ernest Renan">Renan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Royce" title="Josiah Royce">Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer" title="Herbert Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">de Staël</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Taine" title="Hippolyte Taine">Taine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Tocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Vico" title="Giambattista Vico">Vico</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st<br />centuries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Agamben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Arendt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Aron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_Badiou" title="Alain Badiou">Badiou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Baudrillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Bauman" title="Zygmunt Bauman">Bauman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_Berlin" title="Isaiah Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Camus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Deleuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Durkheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Evola" title="Julius Evola">Evola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Foucault" title="Michel Foucault">Foucault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Gehlen" title="Arnold Gehlen">Gehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile" title="Giovanni Gentile">Gentile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Gu%C3%A9non" title="René Guénon">Guénon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Habermas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byung-Chul_Han" title="Byung-Chul Han">Han</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Heidegger" title="Martin Heidegger">Heidegger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leszek_Ko%C5%82akowski" title="Leszek Kołakowski">Kołakowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maritain" title="Jacques Maritain">Maritain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Negri" title="Antonio Negri">Negri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Niebuhr" title="Reinhold Niebuhr">Niebuhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oakeshott" title="Michael Oakeshott">Oakeshott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ortega_y_Gasset" title="José Ortega y Gasset">Ortega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilfredo_Pareto" title="Vilfredo Pareto">Pareto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6pke" title="Wilhelm Röpke">Röpke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Scruton" title="Roger Scruton">Scruton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Shariati" title="Ali Shariati">Shariati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Simmel" title="Georg Simmel">Simmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Sombart" title="Werner Sombart">Sombart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Walzer" title="Michael Walzer">Walzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Weber" title="Max Weber">Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Weil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Officiis" title="De Officiis">De Officiis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(44 BC)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1486)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Society" title="A Vindication of Natural Society">A Vindication of Natural Society</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1756)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1835–1840)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Civilization_and_Its_Discontents" title="Civilization and Its Discontents">Civilization and Its Discontents</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1930)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1935)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1949)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One-Dimensional_Man" title="One-Dimensional Man">One-Dimensional Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1964)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle" title="The Society of the Spectacle">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1967)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Sexuality" title="The History of Sexuality">The History of Sexuality</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1976)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Culture_of_Narcissism" title="The Culture of Narcissism">The Culture of Narcissism</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1979)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gender_Trouble" title="Gender Trouble">Gender Trouble</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Malaise_of_Modernity" title="The Malaise of Modernity">The Malaise of Modernity</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1991)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intellectuals_and_Society" title="Intellectuals and Society">Intellectuals and Society</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2010)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnotology" title="Agnotology">Agnotology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Axiology">Axiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_critic" title="Cultural critic">Cultural criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pessimism" title="Cultural pessimism">Cultural pessimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historism" title="Historism">Historism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism" title="Historicism">Historicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_culture" title="Philosophy of culture">Philosophy of culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_education" title="Philosophy of education">Philosophy of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_history" title="Philosophy of history">Philosophy of history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_philosophy" title="Political philosophy">Political philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_criticism" title="Social criticism">Social criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science" title="Social science">Social science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_theory" title="Social theory">Social theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_philosophy" title="Category:Social philosophy">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/12px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/19px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/25px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">Philosophy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/18px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/28px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/37px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/21px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/32px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/42px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Swami Vivekananda</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="c:Swami Vivekananda">Media</a></b> from Commons</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="q:Swami Vivekananda">Quotations</a></b> from Wikiquote</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Vivekananda">Texts</a></b> from Wikisource</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Swami_Vivekananda" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Swami Vivekananda">Textbooks</a></b> from Wikibooks</span></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><span class="sister-bar-logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-bar-link"><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47478" class="extiw" title="d:Q47478">Data</a></b> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ramakrishna" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ramakrishna" title="Template:Ramakrishna"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ramakrishna" title="Template talk:Ramakrishna"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ramakrishna" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ramakrishna"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ramakrishna" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarada_Devi" title="Sarada Devi">Sarada Devi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamarpukur" title="Kamarpukur">Kamarpukur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayrambati" title="Jayrambati">Jayrambati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpataru_Day" title="Kalpataru Day">Kalpataru Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna%27s_samadhi" title="Ramakrishna's samadhi">Ramakrishna's samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_Ramakrishna_and_Vivekananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Relationship between Ramakrishna and Vivekananda">Relationship between Ramakrishna and Vivekananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg/150px-Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg/225px-Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg/300px-Ramakrishna_image_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Philosophy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;">Teachings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_Ramakrishna" title="Teachings of Ramakrishna">Teachings of Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sri_Ramakrishna_Kathamrita" title="Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita">Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gospel_of_Sri_Ramakrishna" title="The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna">The Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna%27s_influence" title="Ramakrishna's influence">Ramakrishna's influence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna#Monastic_disciples" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Monastic<br />disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Abhedananda" title="Swami Abhedananda">Abhedananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adbhutananda" title="Adbhutananda">Adbhutananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advaitananda" title="Advaitananda">Advaitananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhandananda" title="Akhandananda">Akhandananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna#Swami_Brahmananda" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Brahmananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjanananda" title="Niranjanananda">Niranjanananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmalananda" title="Nirmalananda">Nirmalananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baburam_Maharaj_(Swami_Premananda)" title="Baburam Maharaj (Swami Premananda)">Premananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishnananda" title="Ramakrishnananda">Ramakrishnananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saradananda" title="Saradananda">Saradananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivananda" title="Shivananda">Shivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subodhananda" title="Subodhananda">Subodhananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigunatitananda" title="Trigunatitananda">Trigunatitananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiyananda" title="Turiyananda">Turiyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijnanananda" title="Vijnanananda">Vijnanananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Yogananda" title="Swami Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Ramakrishna#Householder_disciples" title="Disciples of Ramakrishna">Lay<br />disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhar_Sen" title="Adhar Sen">Adhar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Sen" title="Akshay Kumar Sen">Akshay Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaram_Bose" title="Balaram Bose">Balaram Bose</a></li> <li>Devendra Nath Majumdar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Charan_Nag" title="Durga Charan Nag">Durga Charan Nag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girish_Chandra_Ghosh" title="Girish Chandra Ghosh">Girish Chandra Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopaler_Ma" title="Gopaler Ma">Gopaler Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshab_Chandra_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Keshab Chandra Sen">Keshab Chandra Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendranath_Gupta" title="Mahendranath Gupta">Mahendranath Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Datta" title="Ram Chandra Datta">Ram Chandra Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Nath_Mitra" title="Surendra Nath Mitra">Surendra Nath Mitra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Math" title="Ramakrishna Math">Ramakrishna Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission_Institute_of_Culture" title="Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture">Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FFC569;;width:1%">Studies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ramakrishna" title="Bibliography of Ramakrishna">Bibliography of Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramakrishna,_the_Great_Master" title="Sri Ramakrishna, the Great Master">Sri Ramakrishna, the Great Master</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Infinite_Paths_to_Infinite_Reality" title="Infinite Paths to Infinite Reality">Infinite Paths</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kali%27s_Child" title="Kali's Child">Kali's Child</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_Ramakrishna" title="Views on Ramakrishna">Views on Ramakrishna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ramakrishna" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Ramakrishna"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ramakrishna" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Ramakrishna"><b>Wikiquote</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Ramakrishna_Paramahamsa" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Ramakrishna Paramahamsa"><b>Wikisource texts</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_reform_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Template talk:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_reform_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu reform movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_reform_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Hindu reform movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Reform movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Dharm" title="Adi Dharm">Adi Dharm</a>/<a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmo_Samaj" title="Brahmo Samaj">Brahmo Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadharan_Brahmo_Samaj" title="Sadharan Brahmo Samaj">Sadharan Brahmo Samaj</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advait_Mat" title="Advait Mat">Advait Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Light_Mission" title="Divine Light Mission">Divine Light Mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Meditation_Institute" title="American Meditation Institute">American Meditation Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananda movement">Ananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda#In_the_West._Ananda_Ashrama" title="Swami Paramananda">Ananda Ashrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananda_Marga" title="Ananda Marga">Ananda Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shree_Shree_Anandamayee_Sangha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shree Shree Anandamayee Sangha">Anandamayee Sangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Living_Foundation" title="Art of Living Foundation">Art of Living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Kumaris" title="Brahma Kumaris">Brahma Kumaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda#Organizations_founded" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Datta Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanuman Foundation">Hanuman Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Institute_of_Yoga_Science_and_Philosophy" title="Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy">Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Janajagruti_Samiti" title="Hindu Janajagruti Samiti">Hindu Janajagruti Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Munnani" title="Hindu Munnani">Hindu Munnani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Sena" title="Hindu Sena">Hindu Sena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Yuva_Vahini" title="Hindu Yuva Vahini">Hindu Yuva Vahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanatan_Sanstha" title="Sanatan Sanstha">Sanatan Sanstha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishva_Hindu_Parishad" title="Vishva Hindu Parishad">Vishva Hindu Parishad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vedanta_Society" title="International Vedanta Society">International Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Revival_Movement" title="ISKCON Revival Movement">ISKCON Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Foundation" title="Isha Foundation">Isha Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Kriya Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahima_Dharma" title="Mahima Dharma">Mahima Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi_Math" title="Mata Amritanandamayi Math">Mata Amritanandamayi Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matua_Mahasangha" title="Matua Mahasangha">Matua Mahasangha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sree_Narayana_Dharma_Paripalana_Yogam_(SNDP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP)">Narayana Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prarthana_Samaj" title="Prarthana Samaj">Prarthana Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna_Mission" title="Ramakrishna Mission">Ramakrishna Mission</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahaja_Yoga" title="Sahaja Yoga">Sahaja Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba_movement" title="Sathya Sai Baba movement">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsang_(Deoghar)" title="Satsang (Deoghar)">Satsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Dharma" title="Satya Dharma">Satya Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyashodhak_Samaj" title="Satyashodhak Samaj">Satyashodhak Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_Identity_Foundation" title="Science of Identity Foundation">Science of Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yogoda_Satsanga_Society_of_India" title="Yogoda Satsanga Society of India">Yogoda Satsanga</a></li> <li>Shirdi Sai Baba</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_yoga" title="Sivananda yoga">Sivananda yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Ashram" title="Sri Aurobindo Ashram">Sri Aurobindo Ashram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Ramana_Ashram" title="Sri Ramana Ashram">Sri Ramana Ashram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Abidance_in_Truth" title="Society of Abidance in Truth">Abidance in Truth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swadhyaya_Movement" title="Swadhyaya Movement">Swadhyay Parivar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narnarayan_Dev_Yuvak_Mandal" title="Narnarayan Dev Yuvak Mandal">NNDYM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation_movement" title="Transcendental Meditation movement">Transcendental Meditation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghar_Wapsi" title="Ghar Wapsi">Ghar Wapsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuddhi_(Hinduism)" title="Shuddhi (Hinduism)">Shuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Hinduism" title="Women in Hinduism">Women in Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Gurus</a> and <br /> revivalist writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Baba" title="Meher Baba">Meher Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Amritanandamayi" title="Mata Amritanandamayi">Amritanandamayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gururaj_Ananda_Yogi" title="Gururaj Ananda Yogi">Ananda Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anukulchandra_Chakravarty" title="Anukulchandra Chakravarty">Anukulchandra Chakravarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arumuka_Navalar" title="Arumuka Navalar">Arumuka Navalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_Maa" title="Boro Maa">Boro Maa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankim_Chandra_Chatterjee" title="Bankim Chandra Chatterjee">Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda_Saraswati" title="Chinmayananda Saraswati">Chinmayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Chinmoy" title="Sri Chinmoy">Chinmoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Mata" title="Daya Mata">Daya Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapathi_Sachchidananda" title="Ganapathi Sachchidananda">Ganapathi Sachchidananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidakhan_Babaji" title="Haidakhan Babaji">Haidakhan Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariharananda_Giri" title="Hariharananda Giri">Hariharananda Giri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhguru" title="Sadhguru">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirao_Phule" title="Jyotirao Phule">Jyotirao Phule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalki_Bhagawan" title="Kalki Bhagawan">Kalki Bhagawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Chintaman_Kelkar" title="Narasimha Chintaman Kelkar">Kelkar, N. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada_Lekhraj" title="Dada Lekhraj">Lekhraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Maharishi Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirra_Alfassa" title="Mirra Alfassa">Mirra Alfassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neem_Karoli_Baba" title="Neem Karoli Baba">Neem Karoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Srivastava" title="Nirmala Srivastava">Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Paramananda" title="Swami Paramananda">Paramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Prem Rawat</a></li> <li>Ram Chandra</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Dass" title="Ram Dass">Ram Dass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Mohan_Roy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Mohan Roy">Ram Mohan Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhat_Ranjan_Sarkar" title="Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar">Sarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Damodar_Savarkar" title="Vinayak Damodar Savarkar">Savarkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshub_Chandra_Sen" title="Keshub Chandra Sen">Sen, K. C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Nivedita" title="Sister Nivedita">Sister Nivedita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama" title="Swami Rama">Swami Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debendranath_Tagore" title="Debendranath Tagore">Tagore, D.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gangadhar_Tilak" title="Bal Gangadhar Tilak">Tilak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu_Vaswani" title="Sadhu Vaswani">Vaswani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vipulananda" title="Swami Vipulananda">Vipulananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnudevananda_Saraswati" title="Vishnudevananda Saraswati">Vishnudevananda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_revivalists" title="Category:Hindu revivalists">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianisation" title="Indianisation">Indianisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_influence_on_Southeast_Asia" title="History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia">Influence of Indian religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution of Hindus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47478#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47478#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47478#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vivekānanda"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000368573748">ISNI</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Narendranātha Datta"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000036857373X">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vivekānanda (Svāmī)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110308234">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89471868">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/51859/">FAST</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/119113/">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmPw8mxVCjP889hR7bVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118805533">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80032751">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121727683">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121727683">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00459810">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Vivekananda <swami>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV190478">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35583282">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990210655&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX832910">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/22752">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p177285974">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90891844">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000031445&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000037096&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=163695">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000047638">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201405895">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/dbqtz0tx3d1nwtd">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810597222905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/241007">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269654805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000062867">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516427506706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03812603?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/9fc29b29-73e3-484c-ac91-59c22198bd3d">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1003724">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118805533.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118805533">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030277019">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6611mwh">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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