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For reconstruction, three different flaps adjacent to the defect were raised in a slopey tripod manner, with a base on one of the main arteries of the scalp (Fig 1).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29891383" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The operations were performed with the patient under general anesthesia. For reconstruction, three different flaps adjacent to the defect were raised in a slopey tripod manner, with a base on one of the main arteries of the scalp (Fig 1). The flaps were ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29891383" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="72270b08c28840b111ce792f87192768" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50373371,"asset_id":29891383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50373371/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32548720" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KadriAltundag">Kadri Altundag</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32548720" type="text/json">{"id":32548720,"first_name":"Kadri","last_name":"Altundag","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KadriAltundag","display_name":"Kadri Altundag","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KadriAltundag?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32548720/14920284/15683281/s65_kadri.altundag.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29891383 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29891383"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29891383, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29891383", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29891383]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29891383").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29891383").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29891383"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="840606" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leiomyosarcoma">Leiomyosarcoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="840606" type="text/json">{"id":840606,"name":"Leiomyosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leiomyosarcoma?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29891383]'), work: {"id":29891383,"title":"Closure of Large Scalp Defects by Modified Gillies Triple Scalp Flaps in Patients with Scalp Tumors","created_at":"2016-11-16T11:08:26.122-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29891383/Closure_of_Large_Scalp_Defects_by_Modified_Gillies_Triple_Scalp_Flaps_in_Patients_with_Scalp_Tumors?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_29891383","summary":"The operations were performed with the patient under general anesthesia. For reconstruction, three different flaps adjacent to the defect were raised in a slopey tripod manner, with a base on one of the main arteries of the scalp (Fig 1). The flaps were ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50373371,"asset_id":29891383,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32548720,"first_name":"Kadri","last_name":"Altundag","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KadriAltundag","display_name":"Kadri Altundag","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KadriAltundag?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/32548720/14920284/15683281/s65_kadri.altundag.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":840606,"name":"Leiomyosarcoma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leiomyosarcoma?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":1837735,"name":"Scalp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scalp?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2177223,"name":"Skin Neoplasms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Neoplasms?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36721604" data-work_id="36721604" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36721604/RepRapable_Recyclebot_Open_source_3_D_printable_extruder_for_converting_plastic_to_3_D_printing_filament">RepRapable Recyclebot: Open source 3-D printable extruder for converting plastic to 3-D printing filament</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36721604" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing filament. The device design takes advantage of both the open source hardware methodology and the paradigm developed by the open source self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printer community. Specifically, this paper describes the design, fabrication and operation of a RepRapable Recyclebot, which refers to the Recyclebot's ability to provide the filament needed to largely replicate the parts for the Recyclebot on any type of RepRap 3-D printer. The device costs less than $700 in mate rials and can be fabricated in about 24 h. Filament is produced at 0.4 kg/h using 0.24 kWh/kg with a diameter ±4.6%. Thus, filament can be manufactured from commercial pellets for <22% of commercial filament costs. In addition, it can fabricate recycled waste plastic into filament for 2.5 cents/kg, which is <1000X commercial filament costs. The system can fabricate filament from polymers with extrusion temperatures <250 °C and is thus capable of manufacturing custom filament over a wide range of thermopolymers and composites for material science studies of new materials and recyclability studies, as well as research on novel applications of fused filament based 3-D printing.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36721604" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4e615b3c20e2b2dabc150e743c521a57" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56662854,"asset_id":36721604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56662854/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54387" href="https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce">Joshua Pearce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54387" type="text/json">{"id":54387,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Pearce","domain_name":"westernu","page_name":"JoshuaPearce","display_name":"Joshua Pearce","profile_url":"https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36721604 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36721604"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36721604, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36721604", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36721604]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36721604").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36721604").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36721604"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">45</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering">Materials Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56" type="text/json">{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="59" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering">Polymer Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="59" type="text/json">{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="511" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science">Materials Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="511" type="text/json">{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2620" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures">Composite Materials and Structures</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2620" type="text/json">{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36721604]'), work: {"id":36721604,"title":"RepRapable Recyclebot: Open source 3-D printable extruder for converting plastic to 3-D printing filament","created_at":"2018-05-26T20:11:06.710-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36721604/RepRapable_Recyclebot_Open_source_3_D_printable_extruder_for_converting_plastic_to_3_D_printing_filament?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_36721604","summary":"In order to assist researchers explore the full potential of distributed recycling of post-consumer polymer waste, this article describes a recyclebot, which is a waste plastic extruder capable of making commercial quality 3-D printing filament. The device design takes advantage of both the open source hardware methodology and the paradigm developed by the open source self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) 3-D printer community. Specifically, this paper describes the design, fabrication and operation of a RepRapable Recyclebot, which refers to the Recyclebot's ability to provide the filament needed to largely replicate the parts for the Recyclebot on any type of RepRap 3-D printer. The device costs less than $700 in mate rials and can be fabricated in about 24 h. Filament is produced at 0.4 kg/h using 0.24 kWh/kg with a diameter ±4.6%. Thus, filament can be manufactured from commercial pellets for \u003c22% of commercial filament costs. In addition, it can fabricate recycled waste plastic into filament for 2.5 cents/kg, which is \u003c1000X commercial filament costs. The system can fabricate filament from polymers with extrusion temperatures \u003c250 °C and is thus capable of manufacturing custom filament over a wide range of thermopolymers and composites for material science studies of new materials and recyclability studies, as well as research on novel applications of fused filament based 3-D printing.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56662854,"asset_id":36721604,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54387,"first_name":"Joshua","last_name":"Pearce","domain_name":"westernu","page_name":"JoshuaPearce","display_name":"Joshua Pearce","profile_url":"https://westernu.academia.edu/JoshuaPearce?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54387/16255/217297/s65_joshua.pearce.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":56,"name":"Materials Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":59,"name":"Polymer Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":511,"name":"Materials Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":2620,"name":"Composite Materials and Structures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composite_Materials_and_Structures?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":2720,"name":"Polymer science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_science?f_ri=130538"},{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=130538"},{"id":4672,"name":"Open Source Software","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Software?f_ri=130538"},{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=130538"},{"id":7602,"name":"Waste recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_recycling?f_ri=130538"},{"id":10650,"name":"Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials?f_ri=130538"},{"id":14085,"name":"Waste Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Management?f_ri=130538"},{"id":21466,"name":"Polymers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymers?f_ri=130538"},{"id":23091,"name":"3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_printing?f_ri=130538"},{"id":23286,"name":"P2p(peer-2-Peer) Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/P2p_peer-2-Peer_Networks?f_ri=130538"},{"id":24002,"name":"Materials Science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materials_Science_and_Engineering?f_ri=130538"},{"id":24061,"name":"Sustainable Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Design?f_ri=130538"},{"id":25035,"name":"Material Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Science?f_ri=130538"},{"id":26635,"name":"Additive Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing?f_ri=130538"},{"id":29657,"name":"Polymer Blends","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Blends?f_ri=130538"},{"id":45228,"name":"Polymer recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_recycling?f_ri=130538"},{"id":58527,"name":"Polymer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer?f_ri=130538"},{"id":61347,"name":"DIY culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DIY_culture?f_ri=130538"},{"id":84395,"name":"Recycled Materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycled_Materials?f_ri=130538"},{"id":91045,"name":"Polymer Composites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymer_Composites?f_ri=130538"},{"id":112790,"name":"Software Libre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Libre?f_ri=130538"},{"id":120185,"name":"Open Source Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Source_Hardware?f_ri=130538"},{"id":120294,"name":"Do It Yourself (DIY)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Do_It_Yourself_DIY_?f_ri=130538"},{"id":124263,"name":"Upcycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upcycling?f_ri=130538"},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538"},{"id":132601,"name":"3d Printer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Printer?f_ri=130538"},{"id":160103,"name":"DIY","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DIY?f_ri=130538"},{"id":187012,"name":"Sustainable design, upcycling, cradle-to-cradle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_design_upcycling_cradle-to-cradle?f_ri=130538"},{"id":199733,"name":"Distributed Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Manufacturing?f_ri=130538"},{"id":201476,"name":"Upcycle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upcycle?f_ri=130538"},{"id":207384,"name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D printing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Additive_Manufacturing_and_3D_printing?f_ri=130538"},{"id":227971,"name":"Extrusion Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extrusion_Processing?f_ri=130538"},{"id":253171,"name":"polymer science and Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/polymer_science_and_Engineering?f_ri=130538"},{"id":333088,"name":"Hot Melt Extrusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hot_Melt_Extrusion?f_ri=130538"},{"id":449067,"name":"Extrusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Extrusion?f_ri=130538"},{"id":470423,"name":"Opensource Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opensource_Hardware?f_ri=130538"},{"id":594114,"name":"RepRap","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RepRap?f_ri=130538"},{"id":683864,"name":"Filament Winding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filament_Winding?f_ri=130538"},{"id":702302,"name":"Recyclable Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recyclable_Plastic?f_ri=130538"},{"id":991738,"name":"3D Printing Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3D_Printing_Process?f_ri=130538"},{"id":1305389,"name":"Open Hardware","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Open_Hardware?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67225168" data-work_id="67225168" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67225168/A_Prospective_Study_of_Anti_Aging_Topical_Therapies_Using_a_Quantitative_Method_of_Assessment">A Prospective Study of Anti-Aging Topical Therapies Using a Quantitative Method of Assessment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In the treatment of photoaged skin, glycolic acid works by removing superficial portions of the epidermis and stimulating dermis regeneration. Vitamins A, C, and E should stimulate collagen production and antioxidants should prevent free... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67225168" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In the treatment of photoaged skin, glycolic acid works by removing superficial portions of the epidermis and stimulating dermis regeneration. Vitamins A, C, and E should stimulate collagen production and antioxidants should prevent free radical damage and skin aging. However, the effectiveness of different therapies has often relied on subjective methods of assessment. Histologic analysis has seldom been used because of the drawback of permanent scarring. In the literature, the use of a quantitative method for the assessment of facial rejuvenation has been described: the silicone replica technique. The authors&#39; aim was to promote and recommend the use of this technique and, in particular, to test the effect of glycolic acid and multivitamin- and antioxidant-based products on skin texture. The authors performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study on 30 women treated topically in the outer canthal region (crow&#39;s-feet area). Patients were divided into thr...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67225168" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c634151661d54bff25482d751031472a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78121830,"asset_id":67225168,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78121830/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51298174" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RubinoCorrado">Corrado Rubino</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51298174" type="text/json">{"id":51298174,"first_name":"Corrado","last_name":"Rubino","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RubinoCorrado","display_name":"Corrado Rubino","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RubinoCorrado?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67225168 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67225168"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67225168, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67225168", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/68626714/The_Future_of_Biodegradable_Plastics_from_an_Environmental_and_Business_Perspective">The Future of Biodegradable Plastics from an Environmental and Business Perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Over the last two hundred years, the world has become dependent on synthetic plastics, from industrial applications to consumer use [1] plastics are among the prime products in many different applications, where huge masses are used. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68626714" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the last two hundred years, the world has become dependent on synthetic plastics, from industrial applications to consumer use [1] plastics are among the prime products in many different applications, where huge masses are used. The most important feature of plastics can be the flexibility, abundance and durability of the raw materials; however, this feature comes with a side effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68626714" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="124226144" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarwaFaisal3">Marwa Faisal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="124226144" type="text/json">{"id":124226144,"first_name":"Marwa","last_name":"Faisal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarwaFaisal3","display_name":"Marwa Faisal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarwaFaisal3?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/124226144/36417881/31197153/s65_marwa.faisal.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-68626714">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-68626714"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aucegypt.academia.edu/IreneFahim">Irene Fahim</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nileu.academia.edu/HaniSChbib">Hani SChbib</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-68626714'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-68626714').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68626714 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68626714"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68626714; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68626714]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68626714").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68626714").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68626714"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="402" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science">Environmental Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="402" type="text/json">{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5021" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging">Packaging</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5021" type="text/json">{"id":5021,"name":"Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Packaging?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling">Recycling</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5645" type="text/json">{"id":5645,"name":"Recycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recycling?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68626714]'), work: {"id":68626714,"title":"The Future of Biodegradable Plastics from an Environmental and Business Perspective","created_at":"2022-01-18T11:38:53.330-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68626714/The_Future_of_Biodegradable_Plastics_from_an_Environmental_and_Business_Perspective?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_68626714","summary":"Over the last two hundred years, the world has become dependent on synthetic plastics, from industrial applications to consumer use [1] plastics are among the prime products in many different applications, where huge masses are used. 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class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PET plastic bottles are not only widely used in packaging carbonated beverages, drinking water, fruit juice, enzymes and tea drinks, is the largest use of today's beverage packaging, and widely used in food, chemicals, pharmaceutical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33015843" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PET plastic bottles are not only widely used in packaging carbonated beverages, drinking water, fruit juice, enzymes and tea drinks, is the largest use of today's beverage packaging, and widely used in food, chemicals, pharmaceutical packaging and many other areas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue 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class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50997297" href="https://zju.academia.edu/BottleMan">Bottle Man</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50997297" type="text/json">{"id":50997297,"first_name":"Bottle","last_name":"Man","domain_name":"zju","page_name":"BottleMan","display_name":"Bottle Man","profile_url":"https://zju.academia.edu/BottleMan?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50997297/13509939/14694101/s65_bottle.man.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33015843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33015843"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33015843, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33015843", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33015843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33015843; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33015843"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33015843 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33015843"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33015843; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33015843]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33015843").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33015843").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33015843"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2979" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2979" type="text/json">{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33015843]'), work: {"id":33015843,"title":"Bottles And Caps Wholesale Plastic Bottles","created_at":"2017-05-14T19:11:20.185-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33015843/Bottles_And_Caps_Wholesale_Plastic_Bottles?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_33015843","summary":"PET plastic bottles are not only widely used in packaging carbonated beverages, drinking water, fruit juice, enzymes and tea drinks, is the largest use of today's beverage packaging, and widely used in food, chemicals, pharmaceutical packaging and many other areas. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53127875,"asset_id":33015843,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50997297,"first_name":"Bottle","last_name":"Man","domain_name":"zju","page_name":"BottleMan","display_name":"Bottle Man","profile_url":"https://zju.academia.edu/BottleMan?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/50997297/13509939/14694101/s65_bottle.man.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20905789" data-work_id="20905789" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20905789/Gender_identity_disorder_general_overview_and_surgical_treatment_for_vaginoplasty_in_male_to_female_transsexuals">Gender identity disorder: general overview and surgical treatment for vaginoplasty in male-to-female transsexuals</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">After studying this article, the participant should be able to discuss: 1. The terminology related to male-to-female gender dysphoria. 2. The different theories regarding cause, epidemiology, and treatment of gender dysphoria. 3. The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20905789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">After studying this article, the participant should be able to discuss: 1. The terminology related to male-to-female gender dysphoria. 2. The different theories regarding cause, epidemiology, and treatment of gender dysphoria. 3. The surgical goals of sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism. 4. The surgical techniques available for sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism. Gender identity disorder (previously &quot;transsexualism&quot;) is the term used for individuals who show a strong and persistent cross-gender identification and a persistent discomfort with their anatomical sex, as manifested by a preoccupation with getting rid of one&#39;s sex characteristics, or the belief of being born in the wrong sex. Since 1978, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (in honor of Dr. Harry Benjamin, one of the first physicians who made many clinicians aware of the potential benefits of sex reassignment surgery) has played a major ro...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20905789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="94070e0790bab7fd46c76b24b66f6a7e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41622595,"asset_id":20905789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41622595/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42049214" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GrietCuypere">Griet Cuypere</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42049214" type="text/json">{"id":42049214,"first_name":"Griet","last_name":"Cuypere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrietCuypere","display_name":"Griet Cuypere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrietCuypere?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20905789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20905789"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20905789, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20905789", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_20905789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20905789; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_20905789"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_20905789 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="20905789"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 20905789; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20905789]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20905789").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20905789").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20905789"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208431" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identity_Disorder">Gender Identity Disorder</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208431" type="text/json">{"id":208431,"name":"Gender Identity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identity_Disorder?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208432" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transsexualism">Transsexualism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="208432" type="text/json">{"id":208432,"name":"Transsexualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transsexualism?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20905789]'), work: {"id":20905789,"title":"Gender identity disorder: general overview and surgical treatment for vaginoplasty in male-to-female transsexuals","created_at":"2016-01-27T02:30:38.417-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20905789/Gender_identity_disorder_general_overview_and_surgical_treatment_for_vaginoplasty_in_male_to_female_transsexuals?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_20905789","summary":"After studying this article, the participant should be able to discuss: 1. The terminology related to male-to-female gender dysphoria. 2. The different theories regarding cause, epidemiology, and treatment of gender dysphoria. 3. The surgical goals of sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism. 4. The surgical techniques available for sex reassignment surgery in male-to-female transsexualism. Gender identity disorder (previously \u0026quot;transsexualism\u0026quot;) is the term used for individuals who show a strong and persistent cross-gender identification and a persistent discomfort with their anatomical sex, as manifested by a preoccupation with getting rid of one\u0026#39;s sex characteristics, or the belief of being born in the wrong sex. Since 1978, the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (in honor of Dr. Harry Benjamin, one of the first physicians who made many clinicians aware of the potential benefits of sex reassignment surgery) has played a major ro...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41622595,"asset_id":20905789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42049214,"first_name":"Griet","last_name":"Cuypere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GrietCuypere","display_name":"Griet Cuypere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GrietCuypere?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":208431,"name":"Gender Identity Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identity_Disorder?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":208432,"name":"Transsexualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transsexualism?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=130538"},{"id":291136,"name":"Intestines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intestines?f_ri=130538"},{"id":366982,"name":"Scrotum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scrotum?f_ri=130538"},{"id":951300,"name":"Female To Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female_To_Male?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2222636,"name":"Surgical Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgical_Treatment?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18871688" data-work_id="18871688" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18871688/Avoiding_Denervation_of_Rectus_Abdominis_in_DIEP_Flap_Harvest_II_An_Intraoperative_Assessment_of_the_Nerves_to_Rectus">Avoiding Denervation of Rectus Abdominis in DIEP Flap Harvest II: An Intraoperative Assessment of the Nerves to Rectus</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap aims to reduce donor-site morbidity by minimizing rectus muscle damage; however, damage to motor nerves during perforator dissection may denervate rectus muscle. Although... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18871688" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap aims to reduce donor-site morbidity by minimizing rectus muscle damage; however, damage to motor nerves during perforator dissection may denervate rectus muscle. Although cadaveric research has demonstrated that individual nerves do not arise from single spinal cord segments and are not distributed segmentally, the functional distribution of individual nerves remains unknown. Using intraoperative nerve stimulation, the current study describes the motor distribution of individual nerves supplying the rectus abdominis, providing a guide to nerve dissection during DIEP flap harvest. Twenty rectus abdominis muscles in 17 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery involving rectus abdominis (DIEP, transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous, or vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps) underwent intraoperative stimulation of nerves innervating the infraumbilical segment of the rectus. Nerve course and extent of rectus muscle contraction were recorded. In each case, three to seven nerves entered the infraumbilical segment of the rectus abdominis. Small nerves (type 1) innervated small longitudinal strips of rectus muscle, rather than transverse strips as previously described. There was significant overlap between adjacent type 1 nerves. In 18 of 20 cases, a single large nerve (type 2) at the level of the arcuate line supplied the entire width and length of rectus muscle. Nerves innervating the rectus abdominis are at risk during DIEP flap harvest. Small, type 1 nerves have overlapping innervation from adjacent nerves and may be sacrificed without functional detriment. However, large type 2 nerves at the level of the arcuate line innervate the entire width of rectus muscle without adjacent overlap and may contribute to donor-site morbidity if sacrificed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18871688" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="502c8a71539c6b9f0619fdedecc40475" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42130586,"asset_id":18871688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42130586/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38981665" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasGravvanis">Andreas Gravvanis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38981665" type="text/json">{"id":38981665,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Gravvanis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreasGravvanis","display_name":"Andreas Gravvanis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasGravvanis?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18871688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18871688"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18871688, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18871688", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_18871688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18871688; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_18871688"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18871688 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18871688"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18871688; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18871688]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18871688").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18871688").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18871688"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="62112" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies">Prospective studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="62112" type="text/json">{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18871688]'), work: {"id":18871688,"title":"Avoiding Denervation of Rectus Abdominis in DIEP Flap Harvest II: An Intraoperative Assessment of the Nerves to Rectus","created_at":"2015-11-23T09:55:28.562-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18871688/Avoiding_Denervation_of_Rectus_Abdominis_in_DIEP_Flap_Harvest_II_An_Intraoperative_Assessment_of_the_Nerves_to_Rectus?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_18871688","summary":"The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap aims to reduce donor-site morbidity by minimizing rectus muscle damage; however, damage to motor nerves during perforator dissection may denervate rectus muscle. Although cadaveric research has demonstrated that individual nerves do not arise from single spinal cord segments and are not distributed segmentally, the functional distribution of individual nerves remains unknown. Using intraoperative nerve stimulation, the current study describes the motor distribution of individual nerves supplying the rectus abdominis, providing a guide to nerve dissection during DIEP flap harvest. Twenty rectus abdominis muscles in 17 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery involving rectus abdominis (DIEP, transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous, or vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps) underwent intraoperative stimulation of nerves innervating the infraumbilical segment of the rectus. Nerve course and extent of rectus muscle contraction were recorded. In each case, three to seven nerves entered the infraumbilical segment of the rectus abdominis. Small nerves (type 1) innervated small longitudinal strips of rectus muscle, rather than transverse strips as previously described. There was significant overlap between adjacent type 1 nerves. In 18 of 20 cases, a single large nerve (type 2) at the level of the arcuate line supplied the entire width and length of rectus muscle. Nerves innervating the rectus abdominis are at risk during DIEP flap harvest. Small, type 1 nerves have overlapping innervation from adjacent nerves and may be sacrificed without functional detriment. However, large type 2 nerves at the level of the arcuate line innervate the entire width of rectus muscle without adjacent overlap and may contribute to donor-site morbidity if sacrificed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42130586,"asset_id":18871688,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38981665,"first_name":"Andreas","last_name":"Gravvanis","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndreasGravvanis","display_name":"Andreas Gravvanis","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndreasGravvanis?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":62112,"name":"Prospective studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prospective_studies?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":247948,"name":"Cadaver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cadaver?f_ri=130538"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=130538"},{"id":479866,"name":"Peripheral nerves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_nerves?f_ri=130538"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1550965" data-work_id="1550965" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1550965/Ingestion_of_marine_debris_by_loggerhead_sea_turtles_Caretta_caretta_in_the_Adriatic_Sea">Ingestion of marine debris by loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, in the Adriatic Sea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We examined the occurrence of marine debris in the gastrointestinal tract of 54 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) found stranded or incidentally captured dead by fisheries in the Adriatic Sea, with a curved carapace length of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1550965" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We examined the occurrence of marine debris in the gastrointestinal tract of 54 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) found stranded or incidentally captured dead by fisheries in the Adriatic Sea, with a curved carapace length of 25.0–79.2 cm. Marine debris was present in 35.2% of turtles and included soft plastic, ropes, Styrofoam and monofilament lines found in 68.4%, 42.1%, 15.8% and 5.3% of loggerheads that have ingested debris, respectively. The dry mass of debris per turtle was low, ranging from <0.01 to 0.71 g, and the ingestion was not significantly affected by sex or body size (all p > 0.05). Marine debris averaged 2.2 ± 8.0% of dry mass of gut content, with a maximum of 35% found in a juvenile turtle that most likely died due to debris ingestion. Considering the relatively high occurrence of debris intake and possible sub-lethal effects of even small quantities of marine debris, this can be an additional factor of concern for loggerheads in the Adriatic Sea.► Marine debris was ingested by 35.2% loggerheads foraging in neritic habitats of the Adriatic. ► Soft plastic was the most frequent type of debris found in digestive tract. ► Debris ingestion was not significantly affected by sex or body size of turtles. ► High occurrence of debris intake represents a factor of concern for loggerheads in the Adriatic Sea.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1550965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="717a9f42f9ffcac576ac789adfc3817e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50933099,"asset_id":1550965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50933099/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1721589" href="https://pmf.academia.edu/RomanaGracan">Romana Gracan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1721589" type="text/json">{"id":1721589,"first_name":"Romana","last_name":"Gracan","domain_name":"pmf","page_name":"RomanaGracan","display_name":"Romana Gracan","profile_url":"https://pmf.academia.edu/RomanaGracan?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1550965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1550965"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1550965, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1550965", }); 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Marine debris was present in 35.2% of turtles and included soft plastic, ropes, Styrofoam and monofilament lines found in 68.4%, 42.1%, 15.8% and 5.3% of loggerheads that have ingested debris, respectively. The dry mass of debris per turtle was low, ranging from \u003c0.01 to 0.71 g, and the ingestion was not significantly affected by sex or body size (all p \u003e 0.05). Marine debris averaged 2.2 ± 8.0% of dry mass of gut content, with a maximum of 35% found in a juvenile turtle that most likely died due to debris ingestion. Considering the relatively high occurrence of debris intake and possible sub-lethal effects of even small quantities of marine debris, this can be an additional factor of concern for loggerheads in the Adriatic Sea.► Marine debris was ingested by 35.2% loggerheads foraging in neritic habitats of the Adriatic. ► Soft plastic was the most frequent type of debris found in digestive tract. ► Debris ingestion was not significantly affected by sex or body size of turtles. ► High occurrence of debris intake represents a factor of concern for loggerheads in the Adriatic Sea.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50933099,"asset_id":1550965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1721589,"first_name":"Romana","last_name":"Gracan","domain_name":"pmf","page_name":"RomanaGracan","display_name":"Romana 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the body of living things from anthropogenic activities or fragmentation of plastic debris. Though found in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74586032" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Microplastics are ubiquitous tiny plastic particles (&lt; 5 mm) nonbiodegradable and have large surface area in the environment or the body of living things from anthropogenic activities or fragmentation of plastic debris. Though found in sea food and human body, their health implications are still speculative. A major reason for dearth of information on this topical issue is the lack of standard methods for analyzing microplastics in more complex environmental matrices. In the present review some methodologies for analyzing microplastics reported in the period 2000 to 2018 have been documented with the aim of assessing which methods is most suitable and in what matrix. The following methods have been studied: CHN analyzers, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (PyrGC/MS), optical microscopy, fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (Micro-FTIR), raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Studies ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74586032" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24aed4adca9eb472304d071549264784" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82686742,"asset_id":74586032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82686742/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67598771" href="https://imsu-ng.academia.edu/enyohchristian">enyoh christian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67598771" type="text/json">{"id":67598771,"first_name":"enyoh","last_name":"christian","domain_name":"imsu-ng","page_name":"enyohchristian","display_name":"enyoh christian","profile_url":"https://imsu-ng.academia.edu/enyohchristian?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67598771/17580892/17640891/s65_enyoh.christian.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74586032 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74586032"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74586032, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74586032", }); 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5 mm) nonbiodegradable and have large surface area in the environment or the body of living things from anthropogenic activities or fragmentation of plastic debris. Though found in sea food and human body, their health implications are still speculative. A major reason for dearth of information on this topical issue is the lack of standard methods for analyzing microplastics in more complex environmental matrices. In the present review some methodologies for analyzing microplastics reported in the period 2000 to 2018 have been documented with the aim of assessing which methods is most suitable and in what matrix. The following methods have been studied: CHN analyzers, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (PyrGC/MS), optical microscopy, fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (Micro-FTIR), raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Studies ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82686742,"asset_id":74586032,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67598771,"first_name":"enyoh","last_name":"christian","domain_name":"imsu-ng","page_name":"enyohchristian","display_name":"enyoh christian","profile_url":"https://imsu-ng.academia.edu/enyohchristian?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67598771/17580892/17640891/s65_enyoh.christian.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":32819,"name":"Microplastics in the Oceans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microplastics_in_the_Oceans?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":1281089,"name":"Microplastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microplastics?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":1738203,"name":"Marine debris (microplastic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_debris_microplastic_?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2055780,"name":"Microplastics in the Food Chain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microplastics_in_the_Food_Chain?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21148252" data-work_id="21148252" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21148252/Shoulder_Function_after_Harvesting_a_Thoracodorsal_Artery_Perforator_Flap">Shoulder Function after Harvesting a Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21148252" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4d92a54823b11d15f0036893b0744f3d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41736531,"asset_id":21148252,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41736531/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="19378998" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Stanmonstrey">Stan monstrey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="19378998" type="text/json">{"id":19378998,"first_name":"Stan","last_name":"monstrey","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"Stanmonstrey","display_name":"Stan monstrey","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Stanmonstrey?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21148252 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21148252"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21148252, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21148252", }); 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Bu araştırmanın amacı meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37873625" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ÖZ <br /><br />Plastik ve katı atıklar, günümüz çevre problemlerini tetiklemekte, doğal çevrenin bozulmasını hızlandırmakta ve toplum yaşantısını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşüm kavramının çevreye etkilerine yönelik bilgi, duygu ve davranış boyutları bağlamında tutumlarını belirlemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan tarama modeli esas alınmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 2017 – 2018 eğitim öğretim yılında dört farklı üniversite bünyesinde sekiz farklı meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören 1035 meslek yüksekokulu öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak " Çevre, Geri Dönüşüm, Plastik ve Plastik Atıklar Konularında Tutum Ölçeği " kullanılmış ve verilerin analizinde SPSS programından yararlanılarak veriler yüzde, frekans, aritmetik ortalama, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşüm kavramının çevreye olan etkileri bağlamında bilgi, duygu ve davranış düzeylerinin olumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ancak verilen cevaplar irdelendiğinde, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin bilgi, duygu ve davranış boyutlarına ilişkin bazı ölçek maddelerinde olumsuz tutum sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşümün çevreye olan etkilerine yönelik alt boyutlar ortalama puanlar arası anlamlı fark edilmiş ve öğrencilerin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşümün çevreye olan etkilerini bilgi düzeyinde daha iyi bildiklerini fakat bu bildiklerini davranışa yansıtmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin bu konulara yönelik tutumları cinsiyet, sınıf, lise mezuniyet alanı, okunan temel bölüm alanı, aylık harcama miktarı ve mezuniyet sonrası çalışma isteği durumu değişkenlerine göre de araştırılmış ve sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları dikkate alındığında meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerine yönelik verilebilecek etkinlikler temelli çevre eğitimi dersleri, bu bireylerin sürdürülebilir bir çevre anlayışı farkındalığı kazandırılmasına olanak sağlayacaktır. <br /><br />ABSTRACT <br /><br />Plastic and solid wastes trigger current environmental problems, accelerate the deterioration of the natural environment and adversely affect community life. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of vocational school students in terms of information, emotional and behavioral dimensions of environmental effects of plastic waste and recycling concept. The survey was based on the quantitative research method. The research group of the study consisted of 1035 vocational school students in eight different vocational school at four different universities in 2017-2018 academic year determined by maximum diversity sampling method. "Environmental, Recycling, Plastic and Plastic Wastes Attitude Scale" was used as a data collection tool and the data were analyzed by using SPSS program, using the percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H. As a result of the obtained data, it was concluded that the level of knowledge, emotion and behavior of vocational school students in terms of environmental effects of plastic waste and recycling concept is positive. However, when the answers given were examined, it was determined that vocational school students exhibited negative attitudes towards some scale items related to their information, emotion and behavioral dimensions. The subscales related to the effects of vocational school students on plastic waste and recycling were found to be significant between the mean scores and it was concluded that students know better the effects of plastic waste and recycling on environment at the knowledge level but they do not reflect these knowledge to behavior. Also, students attitudes towards these subjects were investigated according to gender, class, high school graduation field, basic department, amount of monthly expenditure and post-graduation study request status and their results are discussed. Considering the study results, environmental education courses based on activities that can be provided for vocational school students will enable them to gain a sense of sustainable environmental understanding.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37873625" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2068b6b616f6063827b1a9fb0410729" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57880119,"asset_id":37873625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57880119/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="18180928" href="https://cumhuriyet.academia.edu/hamdikaraka%C5%9F">hamdi karakaş</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="18180928" type="text/json">{"id":18180928,"first_name":"hamdi","last_name":"karakaş","domain_name":"cumhuriyet","page_name":"hamdikarakaş","display_name":"hamdi karakaş","profile_url":"https://cumhuriyet.academia.edu/hamdikaraka%C5%9F?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18180928/5270192/36366804/s65_hamdi.karaka_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37873625 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37873625"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37873625, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37873625", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37873625]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37873625").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37873625").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37873625"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1005128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geri_Donusum">Geri Dönüşüm</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1005128" type="text/json">{"id":1005128,"name":"Geri Dönüşüm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geri_Donusum?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2989741" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%87evre_E%C4%9Fitimi_Etkinlikleri">Çevre Eğitimi Etkinlikleri</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2989741" type="text/json">{"id":2989741,"name":"Çevre Eğitimi Etkinlikleri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%87evre_E%C4%9Fitimi_Etkinlikleri?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37873625]'), work: {"id":37873625,"title":"Meslek Yüksekokulu Öğrencilerinin Plastik Atıklar ve Geri Dönüşüme Yönelik Tutumları - Vocational School Students' Attitude for Plastic Wastes and Recycling","created_at":"2018-11-28T22:46:06.693-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37873625/Meslek_Y%C3%BCksekokulu_%C3%96%C4%9Frencilerinin_Plastik_At%C4%B1klar_ve_Geri_D%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCme_Y%C3%B6nelik_Tutumlar%C4%B1_Vocational_School_Students_Attitude_for_Plastic_Wastes_and_Recycling?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_37873625","summary":"ÖZ \n\nPlastik ve katı atıklar, günümüz çevre problemlerini tetiklemekte, doğal çevrenin bozulmasını hızlandırmakta ve toplum yaşantısını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşüm kavramının çevreye etkilerine yönelik bilgi, duygu ve davranış boyutları bağlamında tutumlarını belirlemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan tarama modeli esas alınmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu maksimum çeşitlilik örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 2017 – 2018 eğitim öğretim yılında dört farklı üniversite bünyesinde sekiz farklı meslek yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören 1035 meslek yüksekokulu öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak \" Çevre, Geri Dönüşüm, Plastik ve Plastik Atıklar Konularında Tutum Ölçeği \" kullanılmış ve verilerin analizinde SPSS programından yararlanılarak veriler yüzde, frekans, aritmetik ortalama, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşüm kavramının çevreye olan etkileri bağlamında bilgi, duygu ve davranış düzeylerinin olumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ancak verilen cevaplar irdelendiğinde, meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin bilgi, duygu ve davranış boyutlarına ilişkin bazı ölçek maddelerinde olumsuz tutum sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşümün çevreye olan etkilerine yönelik alt boyutlar ortalama puanlar arası anlamlı fark edilmiş ve öğrencilerin plastik atıklar ve geri dönüşümün çevreye olan etkilerini bilgi düzeyinde daha iyi bildiklerini fakat bu bildiklerini davranışa yansıtmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin bu konulara yönelik tutumları cinsiyet, sınıf, lise mezuniyet alanı, okunan temel bölüm alanı, aylık harcama miktarı ve mezuniyet sonrası çalışma isteği durumu değişkenlerine göre de araştırılmış ve sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları dikkate alındığında meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerine yönelik verilebilecek etkinlikler temelli çevre eğitimi dersleri, bu bireylerin sürdürülebilir bir çevre anlayışı farkındalığı kazandırılmasına olanak sağlayacaktır. \n\nABSTRACT \n\nPlastic and solid wastes trigger current environmental problems, accelerate the deterioration of the natural environment and adversely affect community life. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes of vocational school students in terms of information, emotional and behavioral dimensions of environmental effects of plastic waste and recycling concept. The survey was based on the quantitative research method. The research group of the study consisted of 1035 vocational school students in eight different vocational school at four different universities in 2017-2018 academic year determined by maximum diversity sampling method. \"Environmental, Recycling, Plastic and Plastic Wastes Attitude Scale\" was used as a data collection tool and the data were analyzed by using SPSS program, using the percentage, frequency, arithmetic mean, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H. As a result of the obtained data, it was concluded that the level of knowledge, emotion and behavior of vocational school students in terms of environmental effects of plastic waste and recycling concept is positive. However, when the answers given were examined, it was determined that vocational school students exhibited negative attitudes towards some scale items related to their information, emotion and behavioral dimensions. The subscales related to the effects of vocational school students on plastic waste and recycling were found to be significant between the mean scores and it was concluded that students know better the effects of plastic waste and recycling on environment at the knowledge level but they do not reflect these knowledge to behavior. Also, students attitudes towards these subjects were investigated according to gender, class, high school graduation field, basic department, amount of monthly expenditure and post-graduation study request status and their results are discussed. Considering the study results, environmental education courses based on activities that can be provided for vocational school students will enable them to gain a sense of sustainable environmental understanding.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57880119,"asset_id":37873625,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":18180928,"first_name":"hamdi","last_name":"karakaş","domain_name":"cumhuriyet","page_name":"hamdikarakaş","display_name":"hamdi karakaş","profile_url":"https://cumhuriyet.academia.edu/hamdikaraka%C5%9F?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/18180928/5270192/36366804/s65_hamdi.karaka_.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":1005128,"name":"Geri Dönüşüm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geri_Donusum?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":2989741,"name":"Çevre Eğitimi 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href="https://www.academia.edu/21148234/Evaluation_of_surgical_procedures_for_sex_reassignment_a_systematic_review">Evaluation of surgical procedures for sex reassignment: a systematic review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21148234" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9f75452ad7f21b25020d53dbd6ee178b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41736519,"asset_id":21148234,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22709736/Patient_Satisfaction_in_Postmastectomy_Breast_Reconstruction_A_Comparative_Evaluation_of_DIEP_TRAM_Latissimus_Flap_andImplant_Techniques">Patient Satisfaction in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, Latissimus Flap, andImplant Techniques</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22709736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="153954696dff33850cc3607424c798f7" rel="nofollow" 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type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22709736]'), work: {"id":22709736,"title":"Patient Satisfaction in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Evaluation of DIEP, TRAM, Latissimus Flap, andImplant 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type="text/json">{"id":1282,"name":"Photogrammetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photogrammetry?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="79808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collagen">Collagen</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="79808" type="text/json">{"id":79808,"name":"Collagen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collagen?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LIP">LIP</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="123272" 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Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="69542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation">Computer Simulation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="69542" type="text/json">{"id":69542,"name":"Computer Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Simulation?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17825044]'), work: {"id":17825044,"title":"Vacuum-assisted closure: microdeformations of wounds and cell proliferation","created_at":"2015-11-05T14:15:40.354-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17825044/Vacuum_assisted_closure_microdeformations_of_wounds_and_cell_proliferation?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_17825044","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39730762,"asset_id":17825044,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37743885,"first_name":"Dennis","last_name":"Orgill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DennisOrgill","display_name":"Dennis Orgill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DennisOrgill?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8991,"name":"Wound Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wound_Healing?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35969584" data-work_id="35969584" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35969584/Improving_the_environmental_sustainability_of_reusable_food_containers_in_Europe">Improving the environmental sustainability of reusable food containers in Europe</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Modern lifestyles have popularised the use of food containers, also known as food savers or Tupperware. However, their environmental impacts are currently unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents the first comprehensive... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35969584" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Modern lifestyles have popularised the use of food containers, also known as food savers or Tupperware. However, their environmental impacts are currently unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of the life cycle environmental sustainability of reusable plastic and glass food savers and evaluates different options for improvements, focusing on European conditions. Taking a cradle-to-grave approach, the paper considers twelve environmental impacts, including global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication, human and ecotoxicities. The results suggest that, for example, the total GWP of using both types of food saver in the European Union (EU) amounts to 653 kt CO2 eq./year, equivalent to the annual greenhouse gas emissions of Bermuda. The use stage is the main contributor to the impacts (>40%), related to the washing of containers. Glass food savers have 12%–64% higher impacts than the plastic and should have up to 3.5 times greater lifespan to match the environmental footprint of plastic containers. Three improvement scenarios have been considered at the EU level for the year 2020: low-carbon electricity mix; implementation of the EU eco-design regulation for dishwashers; and adoption of more resource-efficient hand dishwashing techniques. The results suggest that the implementation of all three improvement options would reduce the impacts by 12%–47%. The option with the greatest potential for reducing the impacts (12%–27%) is improved hand dishwashing to reduce the amount of water, energy and detergents used. Thus, policy makers and manufacturers should devise strategies to raise awareness and guide consumers in adopting these techniques with the aim of reducing the environmental impacts associated with reusable food savers used by millions of people worldwide.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35969584" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="618811809159e2b7fa00f2ceeedd5cda" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56661903,"asset_id":35969584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56661903/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29516767" href="https://manchester.academia.edu/AlejandroGallegoSchmid">Alejandro Gallego Schmid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29516767" type="text/json">{"id":29516767,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Gallego Schmid","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"AlejandroGallegoSchmid","display_name":"Alejandro Gallego Schmid","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/AlejandroGallegoSchmid?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29516767/12316281/67954847/s65_alejandro.gallego_schmid.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35969584 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35969584"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35969584, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35969584", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35969584]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35969584").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35969584").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35969584"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development">Sustainable Development</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4524" type="text/json">{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10529" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment">Life Cycle Assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10529" type="text/json">{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18845" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability">Environmental Sustainability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18845" type="text/json">{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25122" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency">Energy efficiency</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="25122" type="text/json">{"id":25122,"name":"Energy efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_efficiency?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35969584]'), work: {"id":35969584,"title":"Improving the environmental sustainability of reusable food containers in Europe","created_at":"2018-02-20T07:34:29.575-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35969584/Improving_the_environmental_sustainability_of_reusable_food_containers_in_Europe?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_35969584","summary":"Modern lifestyles have popularised the use of food containers, also known as food savers or Tupperware. However, their environmental impacts are currently unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of the life cycle environmental sustainability of reusable plastic and glass food savers and evaluates different options for improvements, focusing on European conditions. Taking a cradle-to-grave approach, the paper considers twelve environmental impacts, including global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication, human and ecotoxicities. The results suggest that, for example, the total GWP of using both types of food saver in the European Union (EU) amounts to 653 kt CO2 eq./year, equivalent to the annual greenhouse gas emissions of Bermuda. The use stage is the main contributor to the impacts (\u003e40%), related to the washing of containers. Glass food savers have 12%–64% higher impacts than the plastic and should have up to 3.5 times greater lifespan to match the environmental footprint of plastic containers. Three improvement scenarios have been considered at the EU level for the year 2020: low-carbon electricity mix; implementation of the EU eco-design regulation for dishwashers; and adoption of more resource-efficient hand dishwashing techniques. The results suggest that the implementation of all three improvement options would reduce the impacts by 12%–47%. The option with the greatest potential for reducing the impacts (12%–27%) is improved hand dishwashing to reduce the amount of water, energy and detergents used. Thus, policy makers and manufacturers should devise strategies to raise awareness and guide consumers in adopting these techniques with the aim of reducing the environmental impacts associated with reusable food savers used by millions of people worldwide.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56661903,"asset_id":35969584,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29516767,"first_name":"Alejandro","last_name":"Gallego Schmid","domain_name":"manchester","page_name":"AlejandroGallegoSchmid","display_name":"Alejandro Gallego Schmid","profile_url":"https://manchester.academia.edu/AlejandroGallegoSchmid?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29516767/12316281/67954847/s65_alejandro.gallego_schmid.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4524,"name":"Sustainable Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Development?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":10529,"name":"Life Cycle 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Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Circular_Economy?f_ri=130538"},{"id":615835,"name":"Life Cycle Assessment ( LCA )","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Life_Cycle_Assessment_LCA_-1?f_ri=130538"},{"id":1114225,"name":"Plastic Packaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Packaging?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2264245,"name":"Food Container","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Container?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28126767" data-work_id="28126767" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28126767/Our_experience_of_nipple_reconstruction_using_the_C_V_flap_technique_1_year_evaluation">Our experience of nipple reconstruction using the C-V flap technique: 1 year evaluation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28126767" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="90e824d423d3dc181db82a2dbd5076d7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48442204,"asset_id":28126767,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48966147/Arquitectura_sin_lugar_La_casa_futuro_de_Matti_Suuronen_No_place_architecture_The_futuro_house_by_Matti_Suuronen">Arquitectura sin lugar. La casa futuro de Matti Suuronen = No-place architecture. The futuro house by Matti Suuronen</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Matti Suuronen presentó en 1968 el prototipo de casa “Futuro”, un proyecto de cabaña realizada en poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y cuya forma ovalada se enmarca dentro de la corriente artística de los años 70. Con un tamaño de 8... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48966147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Matti Suuronen presentó en 1968 el prototipo de casa “Futuro”, un proyecto de cabaña realizada en poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y cuya forma ovalada se enmarca dentro de la corriente artística de los años 70. Con un tamaño de 8 metros de diámetro por 4 metros de altura, la casa podía ser transportada fácilmente gracias a su reducido peso, llegando a ser distribuida a varios de sus destinos mediante helicóptero. De igual manera, las 16 piezas modulares que la componían podían ser cargadas en un camión o tren para ser ensambladas posteriormente en su destino.<br />El artículo analiza la casa Futuro como paradigma de la arquitectura sin lugar cuya relación con el entorno, tanto por su forma cuasi extraterrestre como por la levedad con la que sus patas se posan en el terreno, es mínima. Su cuerpo de níveo plástico brillante destaca entre el paisaje que la rodea como una nave aterrizada, a veces literalmente, en medio del bosque. Las unidades que a día de hoy siguen en pie son testigos vivos de la primera casa de plástico vendida alrededor del planeta.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48966147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ea157711d5a3df2c4499d0fe3474345" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67359496,"asset_id":48966147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67359496/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="153830661" href="https://independent.academia.edu/rita_RevistaIndexadadeTextosAcad%C3%A9micos">rita_ Revista Indexada de Textos Académicos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="153830661" type="text/json">{"id":153830661,"first_name":"rita_","last_name":"Revista Indexada de Textos Académicos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"rita_RevistaIndexadadeTextosAcadémicos","display_name":"rita_ Revista Indexada de Textos Académicos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/rita_RevistaIndexadadeTextosAcad%C3%A9micos?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153830661/42866738/34254835/s65_rita_.revista_indexada_de_textos_acad_micos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48966147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48966147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48966147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48966147", }); 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La casa futuro de Matti Suuronen = No-place architecture. The futuro house by Matti Suuronen","created_at":"2021-05-18T03:45:45.130-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48966147/Arquitectura_sin_lugar_La_casa_futuro_de_Matti_Suuronen_No_place_architecture_The_futuro_house_by_Matti_Suuronen?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_48966147","summary":"Matti Suuronen presentó en 1968 el prototipo de casa “Futuro”, un proyecto de cabaña realizada en poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y cuya forma ovalada se enmarca dentro de la corriente artística de los años 70. Con un tamaño de 8 metros de diámetro por 4 metros de altura, la casa podía ser transportada fácilmente gracias a su reducido peso, llegando a ser distribuida a varios de sus destinos mediante helicóptero. De igual manera, las 16 piezas modulares que la componían podían ser cargadas en un camión o tren para ser ensambladas posteriormente en su destino.\nEl artículo analiza la casa Futuro como paradigma de la arquitectura sin lugar cuya relación con el entorno, tanto por su forma cuasi extraterrestre como por la levedad con la que sus patas se posan en el terreno, es mínima. Su cuerpo de níveo plástico brillante destaca entre el paisaje que la rodea como una nave aterrizada, a veces literalmente, en medio del bosque. Las unidades que a día de hoy siguen en pie son testigos vivos de la primera casa de plástico vendida alrededor del planeta.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67359496,"asset_id":48966147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":153830661,"first_name":"rita_","last_name":"Revista Indexada de Textos Académicos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"rita_RevistaIndexadadeTextosAcadémicos","display_name":"rita_ Revista Indexada de Textos Académicos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/rita_RevistaIndexadadeTextosAcad%C3%A9micos?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/153830661/42866738/34254835/s65_rita_.revista_indexada_de_textos_acad_micos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29487,"name":"Space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":66457,"name":"Seventies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seventies?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":95817,"name":"Mobile","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobile?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":96320,"name":"Dwelling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dwelling?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538"},{"id":168216,"name":"Vivienda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vivienda?f_ri=130538"},{"id":307677,"name":"Móvil","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movil?f_ri=130538"},{"id":743648,"name":"Espacio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Espacio?f_ri=130538"},{"id":3170487,"name":"años sesenta y setenta","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/a%C3%B1os_sesenta_y_setenta?f_ri=130538"},{"id":3685491,"name":"Plástico","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pl%C3%A1stico?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_21957989" data-work_id="21957989" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21957989/Multicenter_study_for_the_evaluation_of_tolerance_and_efficacy_of_a_new_integrated_aminoacid_treatment_on_the_aging_face">Multicenter study for the evaluation of tolerance and efficacy of a new integrated aminoacid treatment on the aging face</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21957989" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c498aafe5df6c5d5d4fd80bed567426d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42676712,"asset_id":21957989,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42676712/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36674524" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancescoDioguardi">Francesco Dioguardi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36674524" type="text/json">{"id":36674524,"first_name":"Francesco","last_name":"Dioguardi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancescoDioguardi","display_name":"Francesco Dioguardi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancescoDioguardi?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21957989 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21957989"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21957989, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21957989", }); 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The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75281872" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the last two hundred years, the world has become dependent on synthetic plastics, from industrial applications to consumer use [1] plastics are among the prime products in many different applications, where huge masses are used. The most important feature of plastics can be the flexibility, abundance and durability of the raw materials; however, this feature comes with a side effect.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75281872" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="687b03e00af42a6db276fa329788ef3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83113683,"asset_id":75281872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83113683/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120170562" href="https://nileu.academia.edu/HaniSChbib">Hani SChbib</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120170562" type="text/json">{"id":120170562,"first_name":"Hani","last_name":"SChbib","domain_name":"nileu","page_name":"HaniSChbib","display_name":"Hani SChbib","profile_url":"https://nileu.academia.edu/HaniSChbib?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120170562/29920263/27789299/s65_hani.schbib.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-75281872">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-75281872"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://aucegypt.academia.edu/IreneFahim">Irene Fahim</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-75281872'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-75281872').html(); 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The most important feature of plastics can be the flexibility, abundance and durability of the raw materials; however, this feature comes with a side effect.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83113683,"asset_id":75281872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120170562,"first_name":"Hani","last_name":"SChbib","domain_name":"nileu","page_name":"HaniSChbib","display_name":"Hani SChbib","profile_url":"https://nileu.academia.edu/HaniSChbib?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120170562/29920263/27789299/s65_hani.schbib.jpg"},{"id":8013137,"first_name":"Irene","last_name":"Fahim","domain_name":"aucegypt","page_name":"IreneFahim","display_name":"Irene 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work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3504221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3504221"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3504221 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3504221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3504221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3504221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3504221").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3504221").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3504221"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine">Evidence Based Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3645" type="text/json">{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7470" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life">Quality of life</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7470" type="text/json">{"id":7470,"name":"Quality of life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_of_life?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8942" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment">Treatment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8942" type="text/json">{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10882" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution">Evolution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10882" type="text/json">{"id":10882,"name":"Evolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolution?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3504221]'), work: {"id":3504221,"title":"Measuring Quality of Life in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Breast 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href="https://www.academia.edu/18467705/The_effects_of_cosmetic_surgery_on_body_image_self_esteem_and_psychological_problems">The effects of cosmetic surgery on body image, self-esteem, and psychological problems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18467705" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b67d2401b6d7b476a522df9179de17c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40079074,"asset_id":18467705,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40079074/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38478035" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IngelaKvalem">Ingela Kvalem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38478035" type="text/json">{"id":38478035,"first_name":"Ingela","last_name":"Kvalem","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"IngelaKvalem","display_name":"Ingela 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container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_18467705 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18467705"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18467705; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18467705]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18467705").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18467705").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18467705"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12693" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image">Body Image</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12693" type="text/json">{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult">Young Adult</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133057" type="text/json">{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18467705]'), work: {"id":18467705,"title":"The effects of cosmetic surgery on body image, self-esteem, and psychological 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(Polycarbonate)</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35746353" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="268642d994bf93d8241d0ea055372a2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55621392,"asset_id":35746353,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55621392/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="16224483" href="https://wordperss.academia.edu/AulyaRetnoSetyari">Aulya Retno Setyari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="16224483" type="text/json">{"id":16224483,"first_name":"Aulya Retno","last_name":"Setyari","domain_name":"wordperss","page_name":"AulyaRetnoSetyari","display_name":"Aulya Retno Setyari","profile_url":"https://wordperss.academia.edu/AulyaRetnoSetyari?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/16224483/4396798/18769719/s65_aulya_retno.setyari.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35746353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35746353"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35746353, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35746353", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_35746353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35746353; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_35746353"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_35746353 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35746353"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35746353; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35746353]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35746353").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35746353").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35746353"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="929743" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycarbonate">Polycarbonate</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="929743" type="text/json">{"id":929743,"name":"Polycarbonate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycarbonate?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35746353]'), work: {"id":35746353,"title":"Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation NOVAREX ® Polycarbonate 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data-has-card-for-ri="12426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51195" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esthetics">Esthetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51195" type="text/json">{"id":51195,"name":"Esthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esthetics?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive 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Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Safety?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine">Evidence Based Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3645" type="text/json">{"id":3645,"name":"Evidence Based Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence_Based_Medicine?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49161" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety">Safety</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49161" type="text/json">{"id":49161,"name":"Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Safety?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19932153]'), work: {"id":19932153,"title":"Evidence-Based Patient Safety Advisory: Liposuction","created_at":"2015-12-31T11:52:11.338-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19932153/Evidence_Based_Patient_Safety_Advisory_Liposuction?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_19932153","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41218291,"asset_id":19932153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40787924,"first_name":"Karol","last_name":"Gutowski","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"KarolGutowski","display_name":"Karol 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Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12426" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12426" type="text/json">{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16664" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment">Risk assessment</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16664" type="text/json">{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24777" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benchmarking">Benchmarking</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24777" type="text/json">{"id":24777,"name":"Benchmarking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benchmarking?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19932178]'), work: {"id":19932178,"title":"Benchmarking Outcomes in Plastic Surgery: National Complication Rates for Abdominoplasty and Breast Augmentation ‘Outcomes Article]","created_at":"2015-12-31T11:52:13.472-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19932178/Benchmarking_Outcomes_in_Plastic_Surgery_National_Complication_Rates_for_Abdominoplasty_and_Breast_Augmentation_Outcomes_Article_?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_19932178","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41216794,"asset_id":19932178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40787924,"first_name":"Karol","last_name":"Gutowski","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"KarolGutowski","display_name":"Karol Gutowski","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/KarolGutowski?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40787924/11101081/12657513/s65_karol.gutowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":651,"name":"Plastic Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":16664,"name":"Risk assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_assessment?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":24777,"name":"Benchmarking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benchmarking?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":33069,"name":"Probability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Probability?f_ri=130538"},{"id":39516,"name":"Breast Implants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Breast_Implants?f_ri=130538"},{"id":51195,"name":"Esthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Esthetics?f_ri=130538"},{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=130538"},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=130538"},{"id":144052,"name":"Patient Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patient_Satisfaction?f_ri=130538"},{"id":174502,"name":"Incidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Incidence?f_ri=130538"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical 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href="https://www.academia.edu/49303945/Catalytic_Pyrolysis_of_Waste_Plastic_from_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment">Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic from Electrical and Electronic Equipment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49303945" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2cb468f14f2460ec32225bda0b4e7af8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67684716,"asset_id":49303945,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67684716/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52819894" href="https://udus.academia.edu/CMuhammad">Chika Muhammad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52819894" type="text/json">{"id":52819894,"first_name":"Chika","last_name":"Muhammad","domain_name":"udus","page_name":"CMuhammad","display_name":"Chika Muhammad","profile_url":"https://udus.academia.edu/CMuhammad?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52819894/66647055/55002264/s65_chika.muhammad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49303945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49303945"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49303945, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49303945", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49303945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49303945; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49303945"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49303945 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49303945"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49303945; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49303945]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49303945").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49303945").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49303945"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="524" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry">Analytical Chemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="524" type="text/json">{"id":524,"name":"Analytical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Analytical_Chemistry?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysts">Catalysts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6399" type="text/json">{"id":6399,"name":"Catalysts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalysts?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7600" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste">Waste</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7600" type="text/json">{"id":7600,"name":"Waste","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49303945]'), work: {"id":49303945,"title":"Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic from Electrical and Electronic 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plastic molding.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Plastic molds and plastic molding information</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36767458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aa783ff9fd5431064304ab777c058291" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56714636,"asset_id":36767458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56714636/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82405876" href="https://poly.academia.edu/AlainFerster">Alain Ferster</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82405876" type="text/json">{"id":82405876,"first_name":"Alain","last_name":"Ferster","domain_name":"poly","page_name":"AlainFerster","display_name":"Alain Ferster","profile_url":"https://poly.academia.edu/AlainFerster?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36767458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36767458"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36767458, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36767458", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36767458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36767458; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36767458"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36767458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36767458"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36767458; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36767458]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36767458").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36767458").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36767458"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="408253" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Injection_Molding">Plastic Injection Molding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="408253" type="text/json">{"id":408253,"name":"Plastic Injection Molding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Injection_Molding?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="560951" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Mould">Plastic Mould</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="560951" type="text/json">{"id":560951,"name":"Plastic Mould","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Mould?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="837672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Molds">Plastic Molds</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="837672" type="text/json">{"id":837672,"name":"Plastic Molds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Molds?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36767458]'), work: {"id":36767458,"title":"plastic mold and plastic molding.pdf","created_at":"2018-06-02T22:02:27.141-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36767458/plastic_mold_and_plastic_molding_pdf?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_36767458","summary":"Plastic molds and plastic molding information","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56714636,"asset_id":36767458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82405876,"first_name":"Alain","last_name":"Ferster","domain_name":"poly","page_name":"AlainFerster","display_name":"Alain Ferster","profile_url":"https://poly.academia.edu/AlainFerster?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":408253,"name":"Plastic Injection Molding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Injection_Molding?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":560951,"name":"Plastic Mould","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Mould?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":837672,"name":"Plastic Molds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_Molds?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29154024" data-work_id="29154024" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29154024/Microplastic_pollution_in_the_Northeast_Atlantic_Ocean_validated_and_opportunistic_sampling">Microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: validated and opportunistic sampling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Levels of marine debris, including microplastics, are largely un-documented in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Broad scale monitoring efforts are required to understand the distribution, abundance and ecological implications of microplastic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29154024" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Levels of marine debris, including microplastics, are largely un-documented in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Broad scale monitoring efforts are required to understand the distribution, abundance and ecological implications of microplastic pollution. A method of continuous sampling was developed to be conducted in conjunction with a wide range of vessel operations to maximise vessel time. Transects covering a total of 12,700 km were sampled through continuous monitoring of open ocean sub-surface water resulting in 470 samples. Items classified as potential plastics were identified in 94% of samples. A total of 2315 particles were identified, 89% were less than 5mm in length classifying them as microplastics. Average plastic abundance in the Northeast Atlantic was calculated as 2.46 particles m(-3). This is the first report to demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and to present a potential method for standardised monitoring of mic...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29154024" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e95c18cf390cc22385929e041eac84f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49599077,"asset_id":29154024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49599077/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="55017803" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RickOfficer">Rick Officer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="55017803" type="text/json">{"id":55017803,"first_name":"Rick","last_name":"Officer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RickOfficer","display_name":"Rick Officer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RickOfficer?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29154024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29154024"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29154024, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29154024", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29154024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29154024; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29154024"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29154024 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29154024"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29154024; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29154024]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29154024").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29154024").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29154024"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2215" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water">Water</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2215" type="text/json">{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11801" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring">Environmental Monitoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11801" type="text/json">{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93497" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93497" type="text/json">{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29154024]'), work: {"id":29154024,"title":"Microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: validated and opportunistic sampling","created_at":"2016-10-14T08:21:02.848-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29154024/Microplastic_pollution_in_the_Northeast_Atlantic_Ocean_validated_and_opportunistic_sampling?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_29154024","summary":"Levels of marine debris, including microplastics, are largely un-documented in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Broad scale monitoring efforts are required to understand the distribution, abundance and ecological implications of microplastic pollution. A method of continuous sampling was developed to be conducted in conjunction with a wide range of vessel operations to maximise vessel time. Transects covering a total of 12,700 km were sampled through continuous monitoring of open ocean sub-surface water resulting in 470 samples. Items classified as potential plastics were identified in 94% of samples. A total of 2315 particles were identified, 89% were less than 5mm in length classifying them as microplastics. Average plastic abundance in the Northeast Atlantic was calculated as 2.46 particles m(-3). This is the first report to demonstrate the ubiquitous nature of microplastic pollution in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and to present a potential method for standardised monitoring of mic...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49599077,"asset_id":29154024,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":55017803,"first_name":"Rick","last_name":"Officer","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RickOfficer","display_name":"Rick Officer","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RickOfficer?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2215,"name":"Water","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":11801,"name":"Environmental Monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Monitoring?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":93497,"name":"Atlantic Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atlantic_Ocean?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=130538"},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538"},{"id":719974,"name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_of_Natural_Resources?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2102805,"name":"Neuston","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuston?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2457215,"name":"Waste products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_products?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36776164" data-work_id="36776164" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36776164/Plastic_Advantages_and_Disadvantages_Arabic_">Plastic Advantages and Disadvantages (Arabic)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The theme of this year's World Environment Day is "Beat Plastic Pollution". This title story about menace of Plastic pollution was published way back in April 1994 issue of Urdu Science Monthly (urduscience.org ).It is translated into... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36776164" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The theme of this year's World Environment Day is "Beat Plastic Pollution". This title story about menace of Plastic pollution was published way back in April 1994 issue of Urdu Science Monthly (urduscience.org ).It is translated into Arabic for a wider circulation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36776164" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e7b696e53968457a110448771056af01" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56723837,"asset_id":36776164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56723837/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23443351" href="https://manuu.academia.edu/DrMAslamParvaiz">Dr.M.Aslam Parvaiz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23443351" type="text/json">{"id":23443351,"first_name":"Dr.M.Aslam","last_name":"Parvaiz","domain_name":"manuu","page_name":"DrMAslamParvaiz","display_name":"Dr.M.Aslam Parvaiz","profile_url":"https://manuu.academia.edu/DrMAslamParvaiz?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23443351/6357741/59665537/s65_dr.m.aslam.parvaiz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36776164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36776164"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36776164, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36776164", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36776164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36776164; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36776164"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36776164 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36776164"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36776164; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36776164]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36776164").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36776164").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36776164"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3324" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic">Arabic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3324" type="text/json">{"id":3324,"name":"Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="735672" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Literature">Arabic Language and Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="735672" type="text/json">{"id":735672,"name":"Arabic Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="864585" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_pollution">Plastic pollution</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="864585" type="text/json">{"id":864585,"name":"Plastic pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_pollution?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36776164]'), work: {"id":36776164,"title":"Plastic Advantages and Disadvantages (Arabic)","created_at":"2018-06-04T07:38:08.072-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36776164/Plastic_Advantages_and_Disadvantages_Arabic_?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_36776164","summary":"The theme of this year's World Environment Day is \"Beat Plastic Pollution\". This title story about menace of Plastic pollution was published way back in April 1994 issue of Urdu Science Monthly (urduscience.org ).It is translated into Arabic for a wider circulation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56723837,"asset_id":36776164,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23443351,"first_name":"Dr.M.Aslam","last_name":"Parvaiz","domain_name":"manuu","page_name":"DrMAslamParvaiz","display_name":"Dr.M.Aslam Parvaiz","profile_url":"https://manuu.academia.edu/DrMAslamParvaiz?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23443351/6357741/59665537/s65_dr.m.aslam.parvaiz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3324,"name":"Arabic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":735672,"name":"Arabic Language and Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Language_and_Literature?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":864585,"name":"Plastic pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_pollution?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43270265 coauthored" data-work_id="43270265" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43270265/Analyzing_the_Perception_of_Grade_12_Marist_Students_on_Plastics">Analyzing the Perception of Grade 12 Marist Students on Plastics</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several hundred million tons of plastics are produced every year. Previous studies suggest that people have contrasting behavior and perception on plastics. This study analyzes the perception of Grade 12 Marist students on plastics. One... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43270265" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several hundred million tons of plastics are produced every year. Previous studies suggest that people have contrasting behavior and perception on plastics. This study analyzes the perception of Grade 12 Marist students on plastics. One hundred thirty-two Grade 12 Marist students were asked to participate in a survey. An analysis of the results shows that plastic use is common amongst Grade 12 Marist students. Results also show that Grade 12 Marist students are highly aware and concerned about plastic use. Moreover, our findings suggest that the students have divided opinions on school policies and programs concerning plastics use while half of them think that the government is not giving enough attention to plastic pollution in the country. Likewise, responses show that there a high level of awareness and a positive view on bioplastics is widespread amongst students. The results suggest that Grade 12 Marist students have an opposing view and behavior with regards to plastics. This trend may be caused by several factors such as social desirability bias, lack of accessible plastic alternatives, or failed school programs or policies. Further studies, however, are required to genuinely identify the factors that affect the trend.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43270265" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="161015758" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlejandroSValencia">Alejandro S. Valencia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="161015758" type="text/json">{"id":161015758,"first_name":"Alejandro S.","last_name":"Valencia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlejandroSValencia","display_name":"Alejandro S. Valencia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlejandroSValencia?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-43270265">+3</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-43270265"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JustinAngeloTEvaristo">Justin Angelo T. Evaristo</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JustinIanMMagallanes">Justin Ian M. Magallanes</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://up-diliman.academia.edu/KennethAlexanderCastor">Kenneth Alexander S . Castor</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-43270265'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-43270265').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43270265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43270265"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43270265, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43270265", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43270265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43270265; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43270265"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43270265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43270265"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43270265; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43270265]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43270265").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43270265").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43270265"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7110" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Engagement">Student Engagement</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7110" type="text/json">{"id":7110,"name":"Student Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Engagement?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40639" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Attitudes_and_Perceptions">Student Attitudes and Perceptions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40639" type="text/json">{"id":40639,"name":"Student Attitudes and Perceptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Attitudes_and_Perceptions?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56132" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students">Students</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56132" type="text/json">{"id":56132,"name":"Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="104708" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics">Plastics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="104708" type="text/json">{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43270265]'), work: {"id":43270265,"title":"Analyzing the Perception of Grade 12 Marist Students on Plastics","created_at":"2020-06-06T00:45:45.704-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43270265/Analyzing_the_Perception_of_Grade_12_Marist_Students_on_Plastics?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_43270265","summary":"Several hundred million tons of plastics are produced every year. Previous studies suggest that people have contrasting behavior and perception on plastics. This study analyzes the perception of Grade 12 Marist students on plastics. One hundred thirty-two Grade 12 Marist students were asked to participate in a survey. An analysis of the results shows that plastic use is common amongst Grade 12 Marist students. Results also show that Grade 12 Marist students are highly aware and concerned about plastic use. Moreover, our findings suggest that the students have divided opinions on school policies and programs concerning plastics use while half of them think that the government is not giving enough attention to plastic pollution in the country. Likewise, responses show that there a high level of awareness and a positive view on bioplastics is widespread amongst students. The results suggest that Grade 12 Marist students have an opposing view and behavior with regards to plastics. This trend may be caused by several factors such as social desirability bias, lack of accessible plastic alternatives, or failed school programs or policies. Further studies, however, are required to genuinely identify the factors that affect the trend.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":161015758,"first_name":"Alejandro S.","last_name":"Valencia","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlejandroSValencia","display_name":"Alejandro S. Valencia","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlejandroSValencia?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":161079826,"first_name":"Justin Angelo T.","last_name":"Evaristo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JustinAngeloTEvaristo","display_name":"Justin Angelo T. Evaristo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JustinAngeloTEvaristo?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/ee1759c0cdf520f73aadabf92cfe19c8?s=65"},{"id":161008893,"first_name":"Justin Ian M.","last_name":"Magallanes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JustinIanMMagallanes","display_name":"Justin Ian M. Magallanes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JustinIanMMagallanes?f_ri=130538","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":75232905,"first_name":"Kenneth Alexander","last_name":"Castor","domain_name":"up-diliman","page_name":"KennethAlexanderCastor","display_name":"Kenneth Alexander S . Castor","profile_url":"https://up-diliman.academia.edu/KennethAlexanderCastor?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/75232905/29058221/27096539/s65_kenneth.castor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7110,"name":"Student Engagement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Engagement?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":40639,"name":"Student Attitudes and Perceptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Attitudes_and_Perceptions?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":56132,"name":"Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":104708,"name":"Plastics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastics?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538"},{"id":382008,"name":"Students' perceptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Students_perceptions?f_ri=130538"},{"id":387768,"name":"Student Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Perception?f_ri=130538"},{"id":485713,"name":"Student Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Behavior?f_ri=130538"},{"id":505377,"name":"Undesirable Student Behaviors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Undesirable_Student_Behaviors?f_ri=130538"},{"id":864585,"name":"Plastic pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_pollution?f_ri=130538"},{"id":1121494,"name":"Student","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2270068,"name":"Grade 12","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grade_12?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2685812,"name":"Marist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marist?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45351265" data-work_id="45351265" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45351265/A_REVIEW_ON_3D_PRINTER">A REVIEW ON 3D PRINTER</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Now a day, the 3D printing is an increasingly commercially used technology. A crucial section of 3D printing is for providing the printer with printable content if possible, which is achieved by using reels of plastic filament, the most... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45351265" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Now a day, the 3D printing is an increasingly commercially used technology. A crucial section of 3D printing is for providing the printer with printable content if possible, which is achieved by using reels of plastic filament, the most common is PLA, but it is the final product which is sold separately. For this situation, the other option arises that plastic material can be recycled and reused through bottles which are disposable which were discarded in order to be used as printable material. 3D Printing Technology is also defined as rapid prototyping, where a 3-dimensional structure is formed by laying the specific material layers. Three phases such as design, printing & finishing are included here in this process. They use any CAD software in the first step to create 3d design. Use this template to build an object in the 2nd stage 3D printer. And the finished item of the third step is extracted from the printer. This technology saves time and money. This avoids material waste. It is very useful to give the demo of any product in industries.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45351265" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="aca5aa45e0366e0fae8e69c142ba2f26" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65886927,"asset_id":45351265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65886927/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39122404" href="https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication">IAEME Publication</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39122404" type="text/json">{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45351265 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45351265"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45351265, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45351265", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45351265]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_45351265").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_45351265").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="45351265"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="132601" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Printer">3d Printer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="132601" type="text/json">{"id":132601,"name":"3d Printer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Printer?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="436309" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLA">PLA</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="436309" type="text/json">{"id":436309,"name":"PLA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLA?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=45351265]'), work: {"id":45351265,"title":"A REVIEW ON 3D PRINTER","created_at":"2021-03-04T03:25:59.682-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45351265/A_REVIEW_ON_3D_PRINTER?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_45351265","summary":"Now a day, the 3D printing is an increasingly commercially used technology. A crucial section of 3D printing is for providing the printer with printable content if possible, which is achieved by using reels of plastic filament, the most common is PLA, but it is the final product which is sold separately. For this situation, the other option arises that plastic material can be recycled and reused through bottles which are disposable which were discarded in order to be used as printable material. 3D Printing Technology is also defined as rapid prototyping, where a 3-dimensional structure is formed by laying the specific material layers. Three phases such as design, printing \u0026 finishing are included here in this process. They use any CAD software in the first step to create 3d design. Use this template to build an object in the 2nd stage 3D printer. And the finished item of the third step is extracted from the printer. This technology saves time and money. This avoids material waste. It is very useful to give the demo of any product in industries.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65886927,"asset_id":45351265,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39122404,"first_name":"IAEME","last_name":"Publication","domain_name":"iaeme","page_name":"publication","display_name":"IAEME Publication","profile_url":"https://iaeme.academia.edu/publication?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39122404/12178523/13563629/s65_iaeme.publication.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":132601,"name":"3d Printer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/3d_Printer?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":436309,"name":"PLA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PLA?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28193308" data-work_id="28193308" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28193308/Temporary_Orbital_Apex_Syndrome_after_Repair_of_Orbital_Wall_Fracture">Temporary Orbital Apex Syndrome after Repair of Orbital Wall Fracture</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28193308" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37724a008bdc2f419f35a38d72d69c78" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48504954,"asset_id":28193308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48504954/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52848619" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SurakEo">Surak Eo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52848619" type="text/json">{"id":52848619,"first_name":"Surak","last_name":"Eo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SurakEo","display_name":"Surak Eo","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SurakEo?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52848619/18155771/18142613/s65_surak.eo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28193308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28193308"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28193308, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28193308", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28193308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28193308; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28193308"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28193308 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28193308"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28193308; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28193308]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28193308").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28193308").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28193308"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40271" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_acuity">Visual acuity</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="40271" type="text/json">{"id":40271,"name":"Visual acuity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_acuity?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53714" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery">Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53714" type="text/json">{"id":53714,"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic_and_Reconstructive_Surgery?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28193308]'), work: {"id":28193308,"title":"Temporary Orbital Apex Syndrome after Repair of Orbital Wall Fracture","created_at":"2016-09-01T23:02:27.207-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28193308/Temporary_Orbital_Apex_Syndrome_after_Repair_of_Orbital_Wall_Fracture?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_28193308","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48504954,"asset_id":28193308,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52848619,"first_name":"Surak","last_name":"Eo","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SurakEo","display_name":"Surak 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Complications","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postoperative_Complications?f_ri=130538"},{"id":2474622,"name":"Recovery of Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recovery_of_Function?f_ri=130538"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25848874" data-work_id="25848874" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25848874/Fabrication_of_Plastic_Brick_Manufacturing_Machine_and_Brick_Analysis">Fabrication of Plastic Brick Manufacturing Machine and Brick Analysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Plastic is one of the daily increasing useful as well as a hazardous material. At the time of need plastic is found to be very useful, but after its use, its simply thrown away, creating all kinds of hazards. Plastic is not bio... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25848874" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Plastic is one of the daily increasing useful as well as a hazardous material. At the time of need plastic is found to be very useful, but after its use, its simply thrown away, creating all kinds of hazards. Plastic is not bio degradable, so it will continue to be hazardous for more than centuries.The idea of this paper is to find a use for this waste plastic scrap into something beautiful. The mixing of plastic with sand to create a new type of brick was put into thought. Since it is uneconomical to approach a local brick manufacturer for lending the machine, we designed and fabricated a brick manufacturing machine in the nearby engineering workshop. The machine was designed so as to fulfil our need for manufacturing brick in small quantity. The plastic scrap used was leftover pieces of bottles, cans etc. So, as a trial the plastic was chopped into small pieces and heat was supplied from below. Into the molten plastic paste, M-sand was added in suitable proportions. The paste contained noting more than M-sand, plastic and thermocol. After thorough mixing, the paste was poured into a rectangular mould with standard brick dimensions.The paste took only 20 minutes to settle and harden. Cooling of the set was done by water cooling and after 5 more minutes the brick was extracted from the mould. It had a dark grey texture and increased weight by the initial analysis. Local brick testing methods were conducted such as free fall of the brick and scratch test. In both of those tests, our brick showed increased strength.The brick was subjected to compressive test, water absorption test and efflorescence test. The results showed promise, that the Plastic Composite Brick was efficient than the clay brick and cement brick.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25848874" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="845e6161d9396565732cbc64cc6c55f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46215511,"asset_id":25848874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46215511/download_file?st=MTczMjgyNjQyOSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14715764" href="https://ramjimmakwana.academia.edu/ijirstjournal">IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14715764" type="text/json">{"id":14715764,"first_name":"IJIRST","last_name":"International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","domain_name":"ramjimmakwana","page_name":"ijirstjournal","display_name":"IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","profile_url":"https://ramjimmakwana.academia.edu/ijirstjournal?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14715764/4006643/18545758/s65_ijirst.international_journal_for_innovative_research_in_science_and_technology.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25848874 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25848874"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25848874, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25848874", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25848874]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25848874").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25848874").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25848874"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130538" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic">Plastic</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130538" type="text/json">{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2473991" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compressive_test">Compressive test</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2473991" type="text/json">{"id":2473991,"name":"Compressive test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compressive_test?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2473994" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_absorption_test">Water absorption test</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2473994" type="text/json">{"id":2473994,"name":"Water absorption test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_absorption_test?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25848874]'), work: {"id":25848874,"title":"Fabrication of Plastic Brick Manufacturing Machine and Brick Analysis","created_at":"2016-06-03T22:10:09.120-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25848874/Fabrication_of_Plastic_Brick_Manufacturing_Machine_and_Brick_Analysis?f_ri=130538","dom_id":"work_25848874","summary":"Plastic is one of the daily increasing useful as well as a hazardous material. At the time of need plastic is found to be very useful, but after its use, its simply thrown away, creating all kinds of hazards. Plastic is not bio degradable, so it will continue to be hazardous for more than centuries.The idea of this paper is to find a use for this waste plastic scrap into something beautiful. The mixing of plastic with sand to create a new type of brick was put into thought. Since it is uneconomical to approach a local brick manufacturer for lending the machine, we designed and fabricated a brick manufacturing machine in the nearby engineering workshop. The machine was designed so as to fulfil our need for manufacturing brick in small quantity. The plastic scrap used was leftover pieces of bottles, cans etc. So, as a trial the plastic was chopped into small pieces and heat was supplied from below. Into the molten plastic paste, M-sand was added in suitable proportions. The paste contained noting more than M-sand, plastic and thermocol. After thorough mixing, the paste was poured into a rectangular mould with standard brick dimensions.The paste took only 20 minutes to settle and harden. Cooling of the set was done by water cooling and after 5 more minutes the brick was extracted from the mould. It had a dark grey texture and increased weight by the initial analysis. Local brick testing methods were conducted such as free fall of the brick and scratch test. In both of those tests, our brick showed increased strength.The brick was subjected to compressive test, water absorption test and efflorescence test. The results showed promise, that the Plastic Composite Brick was efficient than the clay brick and cement brick.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46215511,"asset_id":25848874,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14715764,"first_name":"IJIRST","last_name":"International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","domain_name":"ramjimmakwana","page_name":"ijirstjournal","display_name":"IJIRST - International Journal for Innovative Research in Science and Technology","profile_url":"https://ramjimmakwana.academia.edu/ijirstjournal?f_ri=130538","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14715764/4006643/18545758/s65_ijirst.international_journal_for_innovative_research_in_science_and_technology.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130538,"name":"Plastic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plastic?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":2473991,"name":"Compressive test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Compressive_test?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false},{"id":2473994,"name":"Water absorption test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_absorption_test?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27273480" data-work_id="27273480" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27273480/Criteria_for_piloted_ignition_of_combustible_solids">Criteria for piloted ignition of combustible solids</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27273480]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27273480").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27273480").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27273480"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer">Mass Transfer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2024" type="text/json">{"id":2024,"name":"Mass Transfer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Transfer?f_ri=130538","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6263" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Combustion">Combustion</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6263" 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