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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sino-Tibetan language group of Nepal</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: salmon;">Newaric</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br />distribution</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>Newaric</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baram_language" title="Baram language">Baram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thangmi_language" title="Thangmi language">Thangmi</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/newa1245">newa1245</a></code></samp></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Newaric languages</b> are a proposed group of <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan languages</a>. <a href="/wiki/George_van_Driem" title="George van Driem">George van Driem</a> (2003) and Mark Turin (2004) argue that <a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a> (consisting of the two closely related languages <a href="/wiki/Baram_language" title="Baram language">Baram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thangmi_language" title="Thangmi language">Thangmi</a>) share many features with each other, and thus group with each other. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparative_vocabulary">Comparative vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newaric_languages&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Comparative vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following comparative 100-word <a href="/wiki/Swadesh_list" title="Swadesh list">Swadesh list</a> of the Newaric languages Baram, Thami (Thangmi), and Newar, along with <a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a> is from Kansakar, et al. (2011: 220–223).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>English gloss</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Baram_language" title="Baram language">Baram</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Thangmi_language" title="Thangmi language">Thami</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>I </th> <td>ŋa</td> <td>gai</td> <td>ji</td> <td>ŋa </td></tr> <tr> <th>you </th> <td>naŋ</td> <td>naŋ</td> <td>cʰə, cʰi</td> <td>naŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>we </th> <td>ni</td> <td>ni</td> <td>jʰi:, jipĩ</td> <td>ni, ŋi </td></tr> <tr> <th>this </th> <td>yo</td> <td>ka</td> <td>tʰwə</td> <td>ʔiʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>that </th> <td>u, to</td> <td>to</td> <td>wə</td> <td>ʔowʔ, ʔuwʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>who </th> <td>su</td> <td>su</td> <td>su</td> <td>su </td></tr> <tr> <th>what </th> <td>hai</td> <td>hara</td> <td>cʰu</td> <td>doh </td></tr> <tr> <th>not </th> <td>ma-</td> <td>ma-</td> <td>mə-, -mə-</td> <td>-la, -ma </td></tr> <tr> <th>all </th> <td>səpəi (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>sakale</td> <td>pʰukkə, dakkwə</td> <td>juda, ʔanə </td></tr> <tr> <th>many </th> <td>dʰerəi (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>ahe</td> <td>ye-kwə</td> <td>ʔa.nə </td></tr> <tr> <th>one </th> <td>de</td> <td>di</td> <td>cʰə-gu</td> <td>yat </td></tr> <tr> <th>two </th> <td>nis</td> <td>nis</td> <td>nyi-gu</td> <td>nis </td></tr> <tr> <th>large </th> <td>alam</td> <td>jekʰa</td> <td>tə:dʰə̃:</td> <td>taŋh-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>long </th> <td>alam</td> <td>ələmga</td> <td>tahakə:</td> <td>gyaŋ-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>small </th> <td>ikine</td> <td>ucya</td> <td>cidʰi:, cidʰə:̃</td> <td>mi-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>woman </th> <td>mama</td> <td>camaica</td> <td>misa</td> <td>nom-coʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>man </th> <td>papa</td> <td>mi</td> <td>mijə̃</td> <td>goy-coʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>person </th> <td>bal</td> <td>mi</td> <td>mənu</td> <td>manta, coʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>fish </th> <td>nəŋa</td> <td>naŋa</td> <td>nya</td> <td>ŋaʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>bird </th> <td>jyali, wa (hen)</td> <td>ḍaŋaṇeŋ, wa (hen)</td> <td>jʰə̃gə:</td> <td>waʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>dog </th> <td>akya</td> <td>kucu</td> <td>kʰyica</td> <td>kuyʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>louse </th> <td>kʰat</td> <td>sirik</td> <td>syi</td> <td>kras, srəyk </td></tr> <tr> <th>tree </th> <td>seŋma</td> <td>seŋ</td> <td>syi-ma</td> <td>siŋʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>seed </th> <td>ayu</td> <td>puya</td> <td>pusa</td> <td>sayʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>leaf </th> <td>su/hola</td> <td>aja</td> <td>ləpte, hə:</td> <td>lo, mat </td></tr> <tr> <th>root </th> <td>jəra (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>nara</td> <td>ha</td> <td>rut, goyʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>bark </th> <td>bokra (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>sebu (skin)</td> <td>kʰwəla</td> <td>pun </td></tr> <tr> <th>skin </th> <td>cʰala (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>sebi</td> <td>cʰẽgu</td> <td>pun </td></tr> <tr> <th>meat </th> <td>kusya</td> <td>cici</td> <td>la</td> <td>mayʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>blood </th> <td>cihwui</td> <td>cwoi, cəi</td> <td>hi</td> <td>wəyʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>bone </th> <td>hoṭ</td> <td>kʰosa</td> <td>kwəẽ</td> <td>hrus </td></tr> <tr> <th>fat </th> <td>ucʰo</td> <td>cʰyəu, cyou</td> <td>da:</td> <td>cʰaw </td></tr> <tr> <th>egg </th> <td>wohom, wom</td> <td>ahum, wom</td> <td>kʰẽ:</td> <td>ʔum </td></tr> <tr> <th>horn </th> <td>uyuŋ</td> <td>naru</td> <td>nyeku</td> <td>roŋʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>tail </th> <td>pitik</td> <td>limek</td> <td>nʰipyə̃:</td> <td>meʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>feather </th> <td>pwãkʰ (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>-</td> <td>pəpu</td> <td>meʔ, pʰeh </td></tr> <tr> <th>hair </th> <td>syam</td> <td>sam</td> <td>sə̃:</td> <td>myaŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>head </th> <td>kəpu</td> <td>kapu</td> <td>cʰyə̃:</td> <td>ta.laŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ear </th> <td>kuna</td> <td>kunla</td> <td>nʰaepə̃</td> <td>no </td></tr> <tr> <th>eye </th> <td>mik</td> <td>mesek</td> <td>mikʰa</td> <td>mik </td></tr> <tr> <th>nose </th> <td>cina</td> <td>ciŋa</td> <td>nʰae</td> <td>neh </td></tr> <tr> <th>mouth </th> <td>anam</td> <td>ugo</td> <td>mʰutu</td> <td>hmo.toŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>teeth </th> <td>swa</td> <td>suwa</td> <td>wa</td> <td>syək, səyk </td></tr> <tr> <th>tongue </th> <td>cele</td> <td>cile</td> <td>mye</td> <td>le </td></tr> <tr> <th>nail </th> <td>luŋjiŋ, ləgjuŋ</td> <td>pin</td> <td>lusyi</td> <td>sən </td></tr> <tr> <th>leg </th> <td>unjik</td> <td>konṭe, ulaŋ</td> <td>tuti</td> <td>dom </td></tr> <tr> <th>knee </th> <td>gʰũḍa (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>pokolek</td> <td>puli</td> <td>kryoŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>hand </th> <td>hit</td> <td>lak</td> <td>lʰa:</td> <td>krut </td></tr> <tr> <th>abdomen </th> <td>uyaŋ</td> <td>baŋkal, guŋguŋ</td> <td>pwa:</td> <td>tuk </td></tr> <tr> <th>throat </th> <td>gʰãṭi (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>kaṇṭu</td> <td>gəpə:</td> <td>kəyk </td></tr> <tr> <th>breast </th> <td>nənu</td> <td>nunu</td> <td>duru-pwə</td> <td>ʔoh </td></tr> <tr> <th>heart </th> <td>muṭu</td> <td>loŋsek</td> <td>nugə</td> <td>hluŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>liver </th> <td>kəlejo (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>-</td> <td>syẽ</td> <td>sinh </td></tr> <tr> <th>drink </th> <td>syaŋ-go</td> <td>tun-sa</td> <td>twəne, twənə</td> <td>tuŋʔ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>eat </th> <td>ca-go</td> <td>cya-sa</td> <td>nələ, nəye</td> <td>jeʔ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>bite </th> <td>aŋak-ko</td> <td>cek-sa</td> <td>nyatə, wã nyaye</td> <td>ŋawh-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>look </th> <td>ayo-go, ni-go</td> <td>yo-sa</td> <td>kʰənə, kʰəne</td> <td>yo-na, cewʔ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>hear </th> <td>səi-go</td> <td>na-sai-sa</td> <td>talə, taye</td> <td>sayʔ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>know </th> <td>ra-go, cigo</td> <td>sai-sa</td> <td>silə, syiye</td> <td>ci-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>sleep </th> <td>nu-go</td> <td>ammi-sa</td> <td>denə, dene</td> <td>ʔenʔ-sa </td></tr> <tr> <th>die </th> <td>si-go</td> <td>si-sa</td> <td>sitə, syie</td> <td>si-sa </td></tr> <tr> <th>kill </th> <td>sat-ko</td> <td>sat-sa</td> <td>syatə, syae</td> <td>sat-sa </td></tr> <tr> <th>swim </th> <td>pəuri bəne-go (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>lampasa</td> <td>lalkalə/kaye</td> <td>laʔ-na, kwelh-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>fly </th> <td>uble-go</td> <td>per-sa</td> <td>bwələ, bwəye</td> <td>syuŋ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>walk </th> <td>jyo-go, ya-go (go)</td> <td>cawa-sa, ajyaca</td> <td>nya:se, wənə, wəye</td> <td>wah-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>arrive </th> <td>hyuŋcelgo</td> <td>kelet-sa</td> <td>wələ, jʰalə</td> <td>waŋ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>lie </th> <td>na-go</td> <td>ami-sa</td> <td>mu:pulə,</td> <td>ʔenʔ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>sit </th> <td>huk-ko</td> <td>hok-sa</td> <td>dilə, pʰetuye</td> <td>cuŋʔ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>stand </th> <td>ṭʰiŋ-go</td> <td>tʰeŋ-sa</td> <td>dənə, dane</td> <td>ciŋ-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>give </th> <td>pi-go</td> <td>pi-sa</td> <td>bila, biye</td> <td>bəyʔ-na, hla-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>say </th> <td>da-go</td> <td>ŋa-sa, isdu</td> <td>dʰalə, dʰaye</td> <td>dayh-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>sun </th> <td>uni</td> <td>uni</td> <td>surdyə:</td> <td>nyam </td></tr> <tr> <th>moon </th> <td>cəlauni</td> <td>cəlauni</td> <td>timila</td> <td>lah </td></tr> <tr> <th>star </th> <td>tara (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>ucʰi</td> <td>nəu, nəgu</td> <td>kar </td></tr> <tr> <th>water </th> <td>awa</td> <td>paŋku</td> <td>lə:</td> <td>tiʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>rain </th> <td>aŋmət</td> <td>yudu</td> <td>wa</td> <td>tiʔ, waʔ-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>stone </th> <td>kumba</td> <td>lyuŋ, liŋ</td> <td>lwəhã</td> <td>baŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>sand </th> <td>-</td> <td>-</td> <td>pʰi</td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <th>earth </th> <td>nəsa</td> <td>nasa</td> <td>ca</td> <td>saʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>cloud </th> <td>amu</td> <td>kʰasu</td> <td>supãe</td> <td>mus </td></tr> <tr> <th>smoke </th> <td>isku</td> <td>asku</td> <td>kũ</td> <td>hmeʔ-ku </td></tr> <tr> <th>fire </th> <td>mui</td> <td>me</td> <td>mi</td> <td>hmeʔ </td></tr> <tr> <th>ash </th> <td>mau</td> <td>tarba</td> <td>nəu</td> <td>hmeʔ-mut </td></tr> <tr> <th>burn </th> <td>jo-go</td> <td>jyou-sa</td> <td>cyatə, cyaye</td> <td>jʰəm-na </td></tr> <tr> <th>way/path </th> <td>uŋma</td> <td>ulam</td> <td>lã</td> <td>lyam </td></tr> <tr> <th>mountain </th> <td>pahaḍ</td> <td>cyuri (top)</td> <td>gu</td> <td>pa.har </td></tr> <tr> <th>red </th> <td>pʰəya</td> <td>keret</td> <td>hyãũ</td> <td>du-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>green </th> <td>həriyo (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>-</td> <td>wãũ</td> <td>pli-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>yellow </th> <td>keuwo</td> <td>melu</td> <td>mʰasu</td> <td>yar-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>white </th> <td>gyabo</td> <td>ubo</td> <td>tuyu:</td> <td>bʰam-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>black </th> <td>ciliŋ</td> <td>kiji</td> <td>haku</td> <td>gal-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>night </th> <td>rat (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>ṭa</td> <td>canʰəe, ca</td> <td>ya. ʔdiŋ </td></tr> <tr> <th>hot </th> <td>gyodum</td> <td>adum</td> <td>kwa:</td> <td>dʰah-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>cool </th> <td>ciso (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>ajik</td> <td>kʰwaũ</td> <td>nik-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>full </th> <td>kipoŋ</td> <td>ir-ir</td> <td>ja:</td> <td>bliŋ-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>new </th> <td>kaui</td> <td>naka</td> <td>nʰu:</td> <td>rəw-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>good </th> <td>kisen</td> <td>apraca</td> <td>bʰĩ:</td> <td>pe-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>round </th> <td>golo (< <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nep</a>.)</td> <td>kurliŋ</td> <td>gwəlla:</td> <td>luŋ-o, gore </td></tr> <tr> <th>dried </th> <td>kyoksi</td> <td>areŋ, gaŋdu</td> <td>gə̃gu</td> <td>sot-ʔo </td></tr> <tr> <th>name </th> <td>umin</td> <td>name</td> <td>nã</td> <td>məyŋ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Newaric_languages&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kansakar, Tej Ratna; Yogendra Prasad Yadava; Krishna Prasad Chalise; Balaram Prasain; Dubi Nanda Dhakal; Krishna Paudel. 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3ch5s7mk">A sociolinguistic study of the Baram language</a>. <i>Himalayan Linguistics</i> 10: 187–225.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_Driem2001" class="citation book cs1">van Driem, George (2001). <i>Languages of the Himalayas: An Ethnolinguistic Handbook of the Greater Himalayan Region</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12062-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12062-4"><bdi>978-90-04-12062-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+Himalayas%3A+An+Ethnolinguistic+Handbook+of+the+Greater+Himalayan+Region&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12062-4&rft.aulast=van+Driem&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewaric+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Driem2003" class="citation book cs1">van Driem, George (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.himalayanlanguages.org/files/driem/pdfs/2003MahakirantiRevisited.pdf">"Mahakiranti revisited: Mahakiranti or Newaric?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Kansakar, Tej Ratna; Turin, Mark (eds.). <i>Themes in Himalayan Languages and Linguistics</i>. Heidelberg and Kathmandu: South Asia Institute and Tribhuvan University. pp. 21–26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99933-54-16-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-99933-54-16-1"><bdi>978-99933-54-16-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mahakiranti+revisited%3A+Mahakiranti+or+Newaric%3F&rft.btitle=Themes+in+Himalayan+Languages+and+Linguistics&rft.place=Heidelberg+and+Kathmandu&rft.pages=21-26&rft.pub=South+Asia+Institute+and+Tribhuvan+University&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-99933-54-16-1&rft.aulast=van+Driem&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.himalayanlanguages.org%2Ffiles%2Fdriem%2Fpdfs%2F2003MahakirantiRevisited.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewaric+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Turin, Mark (2004). "Newar-Thangmi lexical correspondences and the linguistic classification of Thangmi". <i>Journal of Asian and African Studies</i>. <b>68</b>: 97–120. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10108%2F20207">10108/20207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Asian+and+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Newar-Thangmi+lexical+correspondences+and+the+linguistic+classification+of+Thangmi&rft.volume=68&rft.pages=97-120&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10108%2F20207&rft.aulast=Turin&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANewaric+languages" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template talk:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sino-Tibetan_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Himalayish_languages" title="West Himalayish languages">West Himalayish</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></b></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Newaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages"><img alt="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/200px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/300px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/400px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_language" title="Nam language">Nam</a></i>?</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCOle_language" title="ʼOle language">ʼOle</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br />Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)">Pyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gong_language" title="Gong language">Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naic_languages" title="Naic languages">Naic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br /><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(India)" title="Koro language (India)">Koro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rung_languages" title="Rung languages">Rung</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newaric_languages&oldid=1251569519">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newaric_languages&oldid=1251569519</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mahakiranti_languages" title="Category:Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti languages</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 October 2024, at 20:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons 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