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<span>Crew and key Mission Control personnel</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crew and key Mission Control personnel subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Crew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_Control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_Control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mission Control</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_Control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planning_and_training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning_and_training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Planning and training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning_and_training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hardware subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spacecraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacecraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Spacecraft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacecraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch_vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Launch vehicle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_suits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_suits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Space suits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_suits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_Roving_Vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Lunar Roving Vehicle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_Roving_Vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Particles_and_Fields_Subsatellite" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particles_and_Fields_Subsatellite"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Particles and Fields Subsatellite</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particles_and_Fields_Subsatellite-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_highlights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_highlights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Mission highlights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_highlights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission highlights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_highlights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch_and_outbound_trip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_and_outbound_trip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Launch and outbound trip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_and_outbound_trip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_orbit_and_landing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_orbit_and_landing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Lunar orbit and landing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_orbit_and_landing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_surface" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_surface"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Lunar surface</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_surface-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stand-up_EVA_and_first_EVA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stand-up_EVA_and_first_EVA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Stand-up EVA and first EVA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stand-up_EVA_and_first_EVA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_and_third_EVAs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_and_third_EVAs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Second and third EVAs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_and_third_EVAs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Command_module_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Command_module_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Command module activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Command_module_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Return to Earth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Assessment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assessment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mission insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mission_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visibility_from_space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visibility_from_space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Visibility from space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visibility_from_space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Still_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Still_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Still images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Still_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multimedia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multimedia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Multimedia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multimedia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Apollo_Lunar_Flight_Journal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_Lunar_Flight_Journal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Apollo Lunar Flight Journal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo_Lunar_Flight_Journal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Journal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Journal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Apollo Lunar Surface Journal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Journal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apollo 15</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_15" title="أبولو 15 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبولو 15" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollon_15" title="Apollon 15 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Apollon 15" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AB" title="অ্যাপোলো ১৫ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাপোলো ১৫" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD-15" title="Апалон-15 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апалон-15" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_15" title="Аполо 15 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аполо 15" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolo_15" title="Apolo 15 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apolo 15" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%DB%B1%DB%B5" title="آپولو ۱۵ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپولو ۱۵" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8F%B4%EB%A1%9C_15%ED%98%B8" title="아폴로 15호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아폴로 15호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_15" title="אפולו 15 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפולו 15" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%9315" title="Apollo–15 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apollo–15" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_15" title="Аполо 15 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Аполо 15" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B_15" title="അപ്പോളോ 15 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപ്പോളോ 15" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%81%81%E1%81%85" title="အပိုလို ၁၅ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပိုလို ၁၅" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AD15%E5%8F%B7" title="アポロ15号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アポロ15号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B_15" title="ਅਪੋਲੋ 15 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਪੋਲੋ 15" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%DB%B1%DB%B5" title="اپولو ۱۵ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اپولو ۱۵" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD-15" title="Аполлон-15 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аполлон-15" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D_15" title="ඇපලෝ 15 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇපලෝ 15" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_15" title="Аполо 15 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аполо 15" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B_15" title="அப்பல்லோ 15 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அப்பல்லோ 15" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD-15" title="Аполлон-15 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аполлон-15" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88_15" title="اپالو 15 – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اپالو 15" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Apollo 15" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%9715%E5%8F%B7" title="阿波罗15号 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿波罗15号" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q194068#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Apollo 15</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag,_rover,_LM,_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag%2C_rover%2C_LM%2C_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg/260px-AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag%2C_rover%2C_LM%2C_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag%2C_rover%2C_LM%2C_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg/390px-AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag%2C_rover%2C_LM%2C_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag%2C_rover%2C_LM%2C_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg/520px-AS15-88-11866_-_Apollo_15_flag%2C_rover%2C_LM%2C_Irwin_-_restoration1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3953" data-file-height="3953" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James Irwin</a> salutes the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">United States flag</a> on the Moon, August 2, 1971</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Crewed lunar landing (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions#Alphabetical_mission_types" title="List of Apollo missions">J</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><sup id="cite_ref-Orloff_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orloff-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: 1971-063A<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>LM: 1971-063C<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_LM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_LM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: 5351<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>LM: 5366<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_LM_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_LM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">12 days, 7 hours, 11 minutes, 53 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_CSM" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo CSM">Apollo CSM</a>-112<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo LM</a>-10<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_LM_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_LM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: <a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Rockwell">North American Rockwell</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>LM: <a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">48,599 kilograms (107,142 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing mass</th><td class="infobox-data">5,321 kilograms (11,731 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report263_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report263-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David R. Scott</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Alfred M. Worden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James B. Irwin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Callsign</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: <i>Endeavour</i></li><li>LM: <i>Falcon</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">EVAs</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 in <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cislunar" class="extiw" title="wikt:cislunar">cislunar</a> space and 4 on the lunar surface<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">EVA</a> duration</th><td class="infobox-data">39 minutes, 7 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <small>Spacewalk to retrieve film cassettes</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 26, 1971, 13:34:00.6<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1971-07-26UTC13:34Z</span>)</span> UTC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> SA-510<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland426_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland426-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy</a> <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">LC-39</a><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">A</a><sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recovered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/USS_Okinawa_(LPH-3)" title="USS Okinawa (LPH-3)">USS <i>Okinawa</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 7, 1971, 20:45:53<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1971-08-07UTC20:45:54Z</span>)</span> UTC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data">North Pacific Ocean<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Apollo_15&params=26_7_N_158_8_W_type:event&title=Apollo+15+splashdown"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°7′N</span> <span class="longitude">158°8′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.117°N 158.133°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.117; -158.133</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Apollo 15 splashdown</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Periselene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">101.5 kilometers (54.8 nmi)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Aposelene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">120.8 kilometers (65.2 nmi)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">23 degrees<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">July 30, 1971<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report10–11-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft component</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command and service module</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">July 29, 1971, 20:05:46 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital departure</th><td class="infobox-data">August 4, 1971, 21:22:45 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits</th><td class="infobox-data">74<sup id="cite_ref-15_background_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_background-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> lander</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft component</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 30, 1971, 22:16:29 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Return launch</th><td class="infobox-data">August 2, 1971, 17:11:23 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hadley%E2%80%93Apennine" title="Hadley–Apennine">Hadley–Apennine</a><br /> <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Apollo_15&params=26.1322_N_3.6339_E_globe:Moon"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°07′56″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°38′02″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26.1322°N 3.6339°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">26.1322; 3.6339</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sample mass</th><td class="infobox-data">77 kilograms (170 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface EVAs</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (including standup)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">EVA duration</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>19 hours, 7 minutes, 53 seconds<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><small>Standup: 33 minutes, 7 seconds</small><sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><small>First: 6 hours, 32 minutes, 42 seconds</small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report15_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report15-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><small>Second: 7 hours, 12 minutes, 14 seconds</small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report15–16_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report15–16-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><small>Third: 4 hours, 49 minutes, 50 seconds</small><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report16_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report16-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> rover</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance driven</th><td class="infobox-data">27.9 kilometers (17.3 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Docking with LM</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docking date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 26, 1971, 17:07:49 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Undocking date</th><td class="infobox-data">July 30, 1971, 18:13:16 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Docking with LM Ascent Stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docking date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 2, 1971, 19:10:25 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Undocking date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 3, 1971, 01:04:01 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-15_timeline_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_timeline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Payload</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-1)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>PFS-1: 78.5 pounds (35.6 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>LRV: 463 pounds (210 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-15_background_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15_background-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15-insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Apollo_15-insignia.png/180px-Apollo_15-insignia.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Apollo_15-insignia.png/270px-Apollo_15-insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Apollo_15-insignia.png/360px-Apollo_15-insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="5540" data-file-height="5544" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Apollo 15 crew" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg/220px-The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg/330px-The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg/440px-The_Apollo_15_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001169.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2802" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span><br />Left to right: <a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Worden</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">Irwin</a><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">Apollo 14</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15-insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Apollo_15-insignia.png/180px-Apollo_15-insignia.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Apollo_15-insignia.png/270px-Apollo_15-insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Apollo_15-insignia.png/360px-Apollo_15-insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="5540" data-file-height="5544" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 15</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Prime crew</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Alfred Worden</a> · <a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James Irwin</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Backup crew</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Richard F. Gordon Jr.</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vance_D._Brand" title="Vance D. Brand">Vance D. Brand</a> · <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Operations</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon" title="Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon">Journey to the Moon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Solo_operations_of_Apollo_15" title="Solo operations of Apollo 15">Solo operations</a> · <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface" title="Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface">On the lunar surface</a> · <a href="/wiki/Return_of_Apollo_15_to_Earth" title="Return of Apollo 15 to Earth">Return to Earth</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Other articles</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a> · <a href="/wiki/Great_Scott_(lunar_sample)" title="Great Scott (lunar sample)">Great Scott (lunar sample)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Seatbelt_basalt" title="Seatbelt basalt">Seatbelt basalt</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i> · <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Postal covers incident</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apollo15series" title="Template:Apollo15series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apollo15series" title="Template talk:Apollo15series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apollo15series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apollo15series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Apollo 15</b> (July 26 – August 7, 1971) was the ninth crewed mission in the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a> and the fourth <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landing</a>. It was the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions#Alphabetical_mission_types" title="List of Apollo missions">J mission</a>, with a longer stay on the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and a greater focus on science than earlier landings. Apollo 15 saw the first use of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a>. </p><p>The mission began on July 26 and ended on August 7, with the lunar surface exploration taking place between July 30 and August 2. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Commander" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Commander">Commander</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Module_Pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Module Pilot">Lunar Module Pilot</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James Irwin</a> landed near <a href="/wiki/Hadley%E2%80%93Apennine#Rima_Hadley" title="Hadley–Apennine">Hadley Rille</a> and explored the local area using the rover, allowing them to travel further from the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a> than had been possible on previous missions. They spent 18<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours on the Moon's surface on four <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Extravehicular activities">extravehicular activities</a> (EVA), and collected 170 pounds (77 kg) of surface material. </p><p>At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Command_Module_Pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Command Module Pilot">Command Module Pilot</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Alfred Worden</a> orbited the Moon, operating the sensors in the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific instrument module">scientific instrument module</a> (SIM) bay of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_service_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo service module">service module</a>. This suite of instruments collected data on the Moon and its environment using a panoramic camera, a <a href="/wiki/Gamma-ray_spectrometer" title="Gamma-ray spectrometer">gamma-ray spectrometer</a>, a mapping camera, a laser <a href="/wiki/Altimeter" title="Altimeter">altimeter</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass spectrometer</a>, and a lunar subsatellite deployed at the end of the moonwalks. The Lunar Module returned safely to the command module and, at the end of Apollo 15's 74th <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the engine was fired for the journey home. During the return trip, Worden performed the first <a href="/wiki/Spacewalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacewalk">spacewalk</a> in deep space. The Apollo 15 mission splashed down safely on August<span class="nowrap"> </span>7 despite the loss of one of its three parachutes. </p><p>The mission accomplished its goals and also saw the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a>, thought to be part of the Moon's early <a href="/wiki/Crust_(geology)" title="Crust (geology)">crust</a>, and Scott's use of a hammer and a feather to validate <a href="/wiki/Galileo%27s_Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa_experiment" title="Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment">Galileo's theory</a> that when there is no air resistance, objects fall at the same rate due to gravity regardless of their mass. The mission received negative publicity the following year when it emerged that <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">the crew had carried unauthorized postal covers</a> to the lunar surface, some of which were sold by a <a href="/wiki/West_German" class="mw-redirect" title="West German">West German</a> stamp dealer. The members of the crew were reprimanded for poor judgment, and did not fly in space again. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div> <p>In 1962, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> contracted for the construction of fifteen <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> rockets to achieve the Apollo program's goal of a crewed landing on the Moon by 1970; at the time no one knew how many missions this would require.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin232–233_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin232–233-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969 <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> succeeded in landing on the Moon with the sixth Saturn<span class="nowrap"> </span>V, so nine rockets remained available for a hoped-for <a href="/wiki/Canceled_Apollo_missions#Follow-on_lunar_missions" title="Canceled Apollo missions">total of ten landings</a>. These plans included a heavier, extended version of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo spacecraft">Apollo spacecraft</a> to be used in the last five missions (Apollo 16 through 20). The revamped Lunar Module would be capable of up to a 75-hour stay, and would carry a <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> to the Moon's surface. The service module would house a package of orbital experiments to gather data on the Moon. In the original plan Apollo 15 was to be the last of the non-extended missions to land in <a href="/wiki/Censorinus_(crater)" title="Censorinus (crater)">Censorinus crater</a>. But in anticipation of budget cuts, NASA cancelled three landing missions by September 1970. Apollo 15 became the first of three extended missions, known as J missions, and the landing site was moved to <a href="/wiki/Hadley_Rille" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadley Rille">Hadley Rille</a>, originally planned for <a href="/wiki/Apollo_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo 19">Apollo 19</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel">Crew and key Mission Control personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Crew and key Mission Control personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew">Crew</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David R. Scott</a><sup id="cite_ref-smiths_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smiths-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Third and last spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Command module pilot (CMP) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Alfred M. Worden</a><sup id="cite_ref-smiths_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smiths-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Only spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lunar module pilot (LMP) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James B. Irwin</a><sup id="cite_ref-smiths_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smiths-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Only spaceflight </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Scott was born in 1932 in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a>, and, after spending his freshman year at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> on a swimming scholarship, transferred to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a>, from which he graduated in 1954. Serving in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, Scott had received two advanced degrees from <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> in 1962 before being selected as one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1963" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">third group of astronauts</a> the following year. He flew in <a href="/wiki/Gemini_8" title="Gemini 8">Gemini 8</a> in 1966 alongside <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a> and as command module pilot of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a> in 1969. Worden was born in 1932 in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson, Michigan</a>, and like his commander, had attended West Point (class of 1955) and served in the Air Force. Worden earned two master's degrees in engineering from Michigan in 1963. Irwin had been born in 1930 in <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, and had attended the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a>, graduating in 1951 and serving in the Air Force, receiving a master's degree from Michigan in 1957. Both Worden and Irwin were selected in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection#1966" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">fifth group of astronauts</a> (1966), and Apollo 15 would be their only spaceflight.<sup id="cite_ref-crew_information_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crew_information-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three future astronauts had attended Michigan, and two had taken degrees from there; it had been the first university to offer an aeronautical engineering program.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ap15-s71-23768.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two men with large backpacks stand amid a desert landscape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ap15-s71-23768.jpg/220px-Ap15-s71-23768.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ap15-s71-23768.jpg/330px-Ap15-s71-23768.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ap15-s71-23768.jpg/440px-Ap15-s71-23768.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1414" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Gordon</a> (right) and <a href="/wiki/Harrison_H._Schmitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison H. Schmitt">Schmitt</a> during geology training</figcaption></figure> <p>The backup crew was <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Gordon_Jr." title="Richard F. Gordon Jr.">Richard F. Gordon Jr.</a> as commander, <a href="/wiki/Vance_D._Brand" title="Vance D. Brand">Vance D. Brand</a> as command module pilot and <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison H. Schmitt</a> as Lunar Module pilot.<sup id="cite_ref-smiths_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smiths-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the usual rotation of crews, the three would most likely have flown <a href="/wiki/Canceled_Apollo_missions" title="Canceled Apollo missions">Apollo 18</a>, which was canceled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin401_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin401-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brand flew later on the <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a> and on <a href="/wiki/STS-5" title="STS-5">STS-5</a>, the first operational <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlayton5217,_5689_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlayton5217,_5689-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With NASA under intense pressure to send a professional scientist to the Moon, Schmitt, a geologist, was selected as LMP of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe Engle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin449–450_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin449–450-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollo 15's support crew consisted of astronauts <a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Allen" title="Joseph P. Allen">Joseph P. Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Parker" title="Robert A. Parker">Robert A. Parker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_Gordon_Henize" title="Karl Gordon Henize">Karl G. Henize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland426_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland426-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three were scientist-astronauts, <a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_selection#1967" class="mw-redirect" title="List of astronauts by selection">selected in 1967</a>, as the prime crew felt they needed more assistance with the science than with the piloting. None of the support crew would fly during the Apollo program, waiting until the Space Shuttle program to go into space.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorden2433_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorden2433-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission_Control">Mission Control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mission Control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flight directors for Apollo 15 were as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry Griffin">Gerry Griffin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fd_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fd-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold team<sup id="cite_ref-wordeneva_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordeneva-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Windler" title="Milton Windler">Milton Windler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fd_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fd-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maroon team<sup id="cite_ref-wordeneva_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordeneva-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynn_Lunney" title="Glynn Lunney">Glynn Lunney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fd_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fd-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Black team<sup id="cite_ref-jettison_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jettison-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Kranz" title="Gene Kranz">Gene Kranz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-fd_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fd-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> White team<sup id="cite_ref-waking_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waking-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>During a mission the <a href="/wiki/Flight_controller#CAPCOM" title="Flight controller">capsule communicators</a> (CAPCOMs), always fellow astronauts, were the only people who normally would speak to the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Apollo 15, the CAPCOMs were Allen, Brand, <a href="/wiki/C._Gordon_Fullerton" title="C. Gordon Fullerton">C. Gordon Fullerton</a>, Gordon, Henize, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_D._Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar D. Mitchell">Edgar D. Mitchell</a>, Parker, Schmitt and <a href="/wiki/Alan_B._Shepard" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan B. Shepard">Alan B. Shepard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-capcoms_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capcoms-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planning_and_training">Planning and training</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Planning and training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schmitt and other scientist-astronauts advocated for a greater place for science on the early Apollo missions. They were often met with disinterest from other astronauts, or found science displaced by higher priorities. Schmitt realized that what was needed was an expert teacher who could fire the astronauts' enthusiasm, and contacted <a href="/wiki/Caltech" class="mw-redirect" title="Caltech">Caltech</a> geologist <a href="/wiki/Leon_Silver" title="Leon Silver">Lee Silver</a>, whom Schmitt introduced to <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a>'s commander, <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lovell" title="Jim Lovell">Jim Lovell</a>, and to its Lunar Module pilot, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Haise" title="Fred Haise">Fred Haise</a>, then in training for their mission. Lovell and Haise were willing to go on a field expedition with Silver, and geology became a significant part of their training. Geologist <a href="/wiki/Farouk_El-Baz" title="Farouk El-Baz">Farouk El-Baz</a> trained the prime crew's command module pilot, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Mattingly" title="Ken Mattingly">Ken Mattingly</a> to inform his planned observations from lunar orbit. The crew's newly acquired skills mostly went unused, due to the explosion that damaged the Apollo 13 spacecraft, and caused an abort of the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollo 14's CMP, <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Roosa" title="Stuart Roosa">Stuart Roosa</a>, was enthusiastic about geology, but the mission commander, Shepard, less so.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin387–396_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin387–396-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_4" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="80" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_training.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Scott and Irwin train to use the rover</figcaption></figure> <p>Already familiar with the spacecraft as the backup crew for Apollo 12, Scott, Worden and Irwin could devote more of their training time as prime crew for Apollo 15 to geology and sampling techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-sampling_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampling-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott was determined that his crew bring back the maximum amount of scientific data possible, and met with Silver in April 1970 to begin planning the geological training. Schmitt's assignment as Apollo 15's backup LMP made him an insider, and allowed him to spark competition between the prime and backup crews. The cancellation of two Apollo missions in September 1970 transformed Apollo 15 into a J mission, with a longer stay on the lunar surface, and the first <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> (LRV). This change was welcomed by Scott,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin397–402_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin397–402-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who according to David West Reynolds in his account of the Apollo program, was "something more than a hotshot pilot. Scott had the spirit of a true explorer", one determined to get the most from the J mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds171_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds171-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The additional need for communications, including from planned experiments and the rover, required the near-rebuilding of the <a href="/wiki/Honeysuckle_Creek_Tracking_Station" title="Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station">Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station</a> in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindsay303_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindsay303-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ap15-S70-56419.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Man around age 40 with sunglasses and a large backpack takes a photograph with a camera mounted on his chest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ap15-S70-56419.jpg/170px-Ap15-S70-56419.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ap15-S70-56419.jpg/255px-Ap15-S70-56419.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Ap15-S70-56419.jpg/340px-Ap15-S70-56419.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Commander <a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">David Scott</a> takes a photograph during geology training in Hawaii, December 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>Geology field trips took place about once a month throughout the crew's 20 months of training. At first, Silver would take the commanders and LMPs from the prime and backup crews to geological sites in Arizona and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> as if for a normal field geology lesson, but closer to launch, these trips became more realistic. Crews began to wear mock-ups of the backpacks they would carry while hiking near the <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_Gorge" title="Rio Grande Gorge">Rio Grande Gorge</a>, and communicate using <a href="/wiki/Walkie-talkie" title="Walkie-talkie">walkie-talkies</a> to a CAPCOM in a tent. The CAPCOM was accompanied by a geologist unfamiliar with the area who would rely on the astronauts' descriptions to interpret the findings, and familiarized the crew members with describing landscapes to people who could not see them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov272–273_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov272–273-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Considering himself a serious amateur, Scott came to enjoy field geology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompton236_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompton236-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision to land at Hadley came in September 1970. The Site Selection Committee had narrowed the field down to two sites—Hadley Rille, a deep channel on the edge of <a href="/wiki/Mare_Imbrium" title="Mare Imbrium">Mare Imbrium</a> close to the <a href="/wiki/Montes_Apenninus" title="Montes Apenninus">Apennine mountains</a> or the crater <a href="/wiki/Marius_(crater)" title="Marius (crater)">Marius</a>, near which were a <a href="/wiki/Marius_Hills" title="Marius Hills">group of low, possibly volcanic, domes</a>. Although not ultimately his decision, the commander of a mission always held great sway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin402–403_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin402–403-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To David Scott the choice was clear, as Hadley "had more variety. There is a certain intangible quality which drives the spirit of exploration and I felt that Hadley had it. Besides it looked beautiful and usually when things look good they are good."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov273–274_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov273–274-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The selection of Hadley was made although NASA lacked high resolution images of the landing site; none had been made as the site was considered too rough to risk one of the earlier Apollo missions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds172_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds172-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proximity of the Apennine mountains to the Hadley site required a landing approach trajectory of 26 degrees, far steeper than the 15 degrees in earlier Apollo landings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland80_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland80-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expanded mission meant that Worden spent much of his time at <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">North American Rockwell</a>'s facilities at <a href="/wiki/Downey,_California" title="Downey, California">Downey, California</a>, where the command and service module (CSM) was being built.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov267_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov267-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He undertook a different kind of geology training. Working with El-Baz, he studied maps and photographs of the craters he would pass over while orbiting alone in the CSM. As El-Baz listened and gave feedback, Worden learned how to describe lunar features in a way that would be useful to the scientists who would listen to his transmissions back on Earth. Worden found El-Baz to be an enjoyable and inspiring teacher. Worden usually accompanied his crewmates on their geology field trips, though he was often in an airplane overhead, describing features of the landscape as the plane simulated the speed at which the lunar landscape would pass below the CSM.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorden2373–2408_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorden2373–2408-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The demands of the training strained both Worden's and Irwin's marriages; each sought Scott's advice, fearing a divorce might endanger their places on the mission as not projecting the image NASA wanted for the astronauts. Scott consulted Director of Flight Crew Operations <a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Deke Slayton</a>, their boss, who stated what was important was that the astronauts do their jobs. Although the Irwins overcame their marital difficulties, the Wordens divorced before the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov277–278_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov277–278-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware">Hardware</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spacecraft">Spacecraft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Spacecraft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Area of spacecraft with lunar sensors" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg/170px-Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg/255px-Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg/340px-Apollo_15_SIM_bay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="2388" /></a><figcaption>Apollo 15 SM SIM bay</figcaption></figure> <p>Apollo 15 used command and service module CSM-112, which was given the <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call sign</a> <i>Endeavour</i>, named after <a href="/wiki/HMS_Endeavour" title="HMS Endeavour">HMS <i>Endeavour</i></a>, and Lunar Module LM-10, call sign <i>Falcon</i>, named after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">United States Air Force Academy</a> mascot. Scott explained the choice of the name <i>Endeavour</i> on the grounds that its captain, <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>, had commanded the first purely scientific sea voyage, and Apollo 15 was the first lunar landing mission on which there was a heavy emphasis on science.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELindsay301–302_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELindsay301–302-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollo 15 took with it a small piece of wood from Cook's ship,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <i>Falcon</i> carried two falcon feathers to the Moon<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrwin85_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin85-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in recognition of the crew's service in the Air Force.<sup id="cite_ref-hammer_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also part of the spacecraft were a <a href="/wiki/Launch_Escape_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Escape System">Launch Escape System</a> and a Spacecraft-Lunar Module Adapter, numbered SLA-19.<sup id="cite_ref-hardware_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardware-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Technicians at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> had some problems with the instruments in the service module's scientific instrument module (<a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific instrument module">SIM</a>) bay. Some instruments were late in arriving, and principal investigators or representatives of NASA contractors sought further testing or to make small changes. Mechanical problems came from the fact the instruments were designed to operate in space, but had to be tested on the surface of the Earth. As such, things like the 7.5 m (24 ft) booms for the <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma ray spectrometer">gamma ray spectrometers</a> could be tested only using equipment that tried to mimic the space environment,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in space, the mass spectrometer boom several times did not fully retract.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report171_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report171-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moon_mountain_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon_mountain-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the Lunar Module, the <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxidizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidizer">oxidizer</a> tanks were enlarged on both the descent and ascent stages, and the <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle" title="Rocket engine nozzle">engine bell</a> on the descent stage was extended. Batteries and <a href="/wiki/Solar_cell" title="Solar cell">solar cells</a> were added for increased electrical power. In all this increased the weight of the Lunar Module to 36,000 pounds (16,000 kilograms), 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg) heavier than previous models.<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If Apollo 15 had flown as an H mission, it would have been with CSM-111 and LM-9. That CSM was used by the <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a> in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-postseva_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-postseva-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the lunar module went unused and is now at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Visitor_Complex" title="Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex">Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Endeavour</i> is on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base" title="Wright-Patterson Air Force Base">Wright-Patterson Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following its transfer of ownership from NASA to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian">Smithsonian</a> in December 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-hardware_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardware-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_vehicle">Launch vehicle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Launch vehicle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> that launched Apollo 15 was designated SA-510, the tenth flight-ready model of the rocket. As the payload of the rocket was greater, changes were made to the rocket and to its launch trajectory. It was launched in a more southerly direction (80–100 degrees <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuth</a>) than previous missions, and the Earth <a href="/wiki/Parking_orbit" title="Parking orbit">parking orbit</a> was lowered to 166 kilometers (90 nautical miles). These two changes meant 1,100 pounds (500 kg) more could be launched. The <a href="/wiki/Propellant" title="Propellant">propellant</a> reserves were reduced and the number of retrorockets on the <a href="/wiki/S-IC" title="S-IC">S-IC</a> first stage (used to separate the spent first stage from the <a href="/wiki/S-II" title="S-II">S-II</a> second stage) reduced from eight to four. The four outboard engines of the S-IC would be burned longer and the center engine would also burn longer. Changes were also made to the S-II to dampen <a href="/wiki/Pogo_oscillation" title="Pogo oscillation">pogo oscillations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once all major systems were installed in the Saturn<span class="nowrap"> </span>V, it was moved from the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> to the launch site, <a href="/wiki/Launch_Complex_39" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a>A. During late June and early July 1971, the rocket and Launch Umbilical Tower (LUT) were struck by <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> at least four times. There was no damage to the vehicle, and only minor damage to ground support equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report162_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report162-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_suits">Space suits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Space suits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Apollo 15 astronauts wore redesigned <a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space suits</a>. On all previous Apollo flights, including the non-lunar flights, the commander and lunar module pilot had worn suits with the life support, liquid cooling, and communications connections in two parallel rows of three. On Apollo 15, the new suits, dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Apollo/Skylab_A7L#A7LB_Spacesuit_(Apollo,_Skylab_and_ASTP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo/Skylab A7L">A7LB</a>", had the connectors situated in triangular pairs. This new arrangement, along with the relocation of the entry zipper (which went in an up-down motion on the old suits), to run diagonally from the right shoulder to the left hip, aided in suiting and unsuiting in the cramped confines of the spacecraft. It also allowed for a new waist joint, letting the astronauts bend completely over, and sit on the rover. Upgraded backpacks allowed for longer-duration moonwalks.<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As in all missions from and after Apollo 13, the commander's suit bore a red stripe on the helmet, arms and legs.<sup id="cite_ref-suit_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suit-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Worden wore a suit similar to those worn by the Apollo 14 astronauts, but modified to interface with Apollo 15's equipment. Gear needed only for lunar surface EVAs, such as the liquid cooling garment, was not included with Worden's suit, as the only EVA he was expected to do was one to retrieve film cartridges from the SIM bay on the flight home.<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_Roving_Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lunar Roving Vehicle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Astronaut works on the Moon at the lunar rover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg/330px-Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg/495px-Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg/660px-Apollo_15_Lunar_Rover_and_Irwin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption>Irwin with the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> on the Moon. <a href="/wiki/Mons_Hadley" title="Mons Hadley">Mons Hadley</a> is in the background.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></div> <p>A vehicle that could operate on the surface of the Moon had been considered by NASA since the early 1960s. An early version was called MOLAB, which had a closed cabin and would have massed about 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg); some scaled-down prototypes were tested in Arizona. As it became clear NASA would not soon establish a lunar base, such a large vehicle seemed unnecessary. Still, a rover would enhance the J missions, which were to concentrate on science, though its mass was limited to about 500 pounds (230 kg) and it was not then clear that so light a vehicle could be useful. NASA did not decide to proceed with a rover until May 1969, as <a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a>, the dress rehearsal for the Moon landing, made its way home from lunar orbit. <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> received the contract for three rovers on a <a href="/wiki/Cost-plus_contract" title="Cost-plus contract">cost-plus basis</a>; overruns (especially in the navigation system) meant the three vehicles eventually cost a total of $40 million. These cost overruns gained considerable media attention at a time of greater public weariness with the space program, when NASA's budget was being cut.<sup id="cite_ref-summaryalsj_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summaryalsj-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lunar Roving Vehicle could be folded into a space 5 ft by 20 in (1.5 m by 0.5 m). Unloaded, it weighed 460 lb (209 kg) and when carrying two astronauts and their equipment, 1500 lb (700 kg). Each wheel was independently driven by a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">horsepower</a> (200 W) electric motor. Although it could be driven by either astronaut, the commander always drove. Travelling at speeds up to 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>to 8<span class="nowrap"> </span>mph (10<span class="nowrap"> </span>to 12<span class="nowrap"> </span>km/h),<sup id="cite_ref-summaryalsj_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summaryalsj-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> astronauts for the first time could travel far afield from their lander and still have enough time to do some scientific experiments.<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Apollo 15 rover bore a plaque, reading: "Man's First Wheels on the Moon, Delivered by Falcon, July 30, 1971".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During pre-launch testing, the LRV was given additional bracing, lest it collapse if someone sat on it under Earth conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECompton230_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECompton230-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Particles_and_Fields_Subsatellite">Particles and Fields Subsatellite</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Particles and Fields Subsatellite"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration of satellite being deployed from a space vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg/220px-Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg/330px-Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg/440px-Apollo_15_Subsatellite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8043" data-file-height="6220" /></a><figcaption>Artist's conception of subsatellite deployment</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apollo 15 Particles and Fields Subsatellite (PFS-1) was a small satellite released into lunar orbit from the SIM bay just before the mission left orbit to return to Earth. Its main objectives were to study the plasma, particle, and magnetic field environment of the Moon and map the lunar gravity field. Specifically, it measured plasma and energetic particle intensities and vector magnetic fields, and facilitated tracking of the satellite velocity to high precision. A basic requirement was that the satellite acquire fields and particle data everywhere on the orbit around the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-presskit_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presskit-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as measuring magnetic fields, the satellite contained sensors to study the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(astronomy)" title="Mass concentration (astronomy)">mass concentrations</a>, or mascons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report37–39_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report37–39-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The satellite orbited the Moon and returned data from August 4, 1971, until January 1973, when, following multiple failures of the subsatellite's electronics, ground support was terminated. It is believed to have crashed into the Moon sometime thereafter.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_highlights">Mission highlights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mission highlights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_and_outbound_trip">Launch and outbound trip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Launch and outbound trip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_5" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Apollo_15_launch.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_launch.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="74" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_launch.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_launch.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Apollo_15_launch.ogv/Apollo_15_launch.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Apollo_15_launch.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Apollo_15_launch.ogv/Apollo_15_launch.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Apollo_15_launch.ogv/Apollo_15_launch.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Apollo 15 launches on July 26, 1971</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon" title="Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon">Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon</a></div> <p>Apollo 15 was launched on July 26, 1971, at 9:34<span class="nowrap"> </span>am <a href="/wiki/Eastern_time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern time">EDT</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/Merritt_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Merritt Island">Merritt Island</a>, Florida. The time of launch was at the very start of the two-hour, 37-minute launch window, which would allow Apollo 15 to arrive at the Moon with the proper lighting conditions at Hadley Rille; had the mission been postponed beyond another window on July 27, it could not have been rescheduled until late August. The astronauts had been awakened five and a quarter hours before launch by Slayton, and after breakfast and suiting up, had been taken to Pad 39A, launch site of all seven attempts at crewed lunar landing, and entered the spacecraft about three hours before launch. There were no unplanned delays in the countdown.<sup id="cite_ref-launch_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 000:11:36 into the mission, the <a href="/wiki/S-IVB" title="S-IVB">S-IVB</a> engine shut down, leaving Apollo 15 in its planned parking orbit in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>. The mission remained there for 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours and 40 minutes, allowing the crew (and Houston, via telemetry) to check the spacecraft's systems. At 002:50.02.6 into the mission, the S-IVB was restarted for <a href="/wiki/Trans-lunar_injection" title="Trans-lunar injection">trans-lunar injection</a> (TLI), placing the craft on a path to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-launch_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-earthorbit_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthorbit-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before TLI, the craft had completed 1.5 orbits around the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland430_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland430-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_6" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_TandD.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="153" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_TandD.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_TandD.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/76/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv/Apollo_15_TandD.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Astronaut Al Worden maneuvers the CSM to a docking with the lunar module <i>Falcon</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The command and service module (CSM) and the Lunar Module remained attached to the nearly-exhausted S-IVB booster. Once trans-lunar injection had been achieved, placing the spacecraft on a trajectory towards the Moon, <a href="/wiki/Detonating_cord" title="Detonating cord">explosive cords</a> separated the CSM from the booster as Worden operated the CSM's thrusters to push it away. Worden then maneuvered the CSM to dock with the LM (mounted on the end of the S-IVB), and the combined craft was then separated from the S-IVB by explosives. After Apollo 15 separated from the booster, the S-IVB maneuvered away, and, as planned, impacted the Moon about an hour after the crewed spacecraft entered lunar orbit, though due to an error the impact was 79 nautical miles (146 km) away from the intended target.<sup id="cite_ref-translunar_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-translunar-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The booster's impact was detected by the <a href="/wiki/Seismometer" title="Seismometer">seismometers</a> left on the Moon by Apollo 12 and Apollo 14, providing useful scientific data.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a malfunctioning light on the craft's <a href="/wiki/Service_propulsion_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Service propulsion system">service propulsion system</a> (SPS); after considerable troubleshooting, the astronauts did a test burn of the system that also served as a midcourse correction. This occurred about 028:40:00 into the mission. Fearing that the light meant the SPS might unexpectedly fire, the astronauts avoided using the control bank with the faulty light, bringing it online only for major burns, and controlling it manually. After the mission returned, the malfunction proved to be caused by a tiny bit of wire trapped within the switch.<sup id="cite_ref-sps_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sps-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-summary_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of Earth taken from space" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg/170px-Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg/255px-Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg/340px-Apollo_15_Earth1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2253" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>Image of Earth taken during the translunar coast</figcaption></figure> <p>After purging and renewing the LM's atmosphere to eliminate any contamination, the astronauts entered the LM about 34 hours into the mission, needing to check the condition of its equipment and move in items that would be required on the Moon. Much of this work was televised back to Earth, the camera operated by Worden. The crew discovered a broken outer cover on the Range/Range Rate tapemeter. This was a concern not only because an important piece of equipment, providing information on distance and rate of approach, might not work properly, but because bits of the glass cover were floating around <i>Falcon</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> interior. The tapemeter was supposed to be in a helium atmosphere,<sup id="cite_ref-entry_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entry-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but due to the breakage, it was in the LM's oxygen atmosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report153_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report153-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testing on the ground verified the tapemeter would still work properly, and the crew removed most of the glass using a vacuum cleaner and adhesive tape.<sup id="cite_ref-entry_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-entry-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland431_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland431-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As yet, there had been only minor problems, but at about 61:15:00 mission time (the evening of July 28 in Houston), Scott discovered a leak in the water system while preparing to chlorinate the water supply. The crew could not tell where it was coming from, and the issue had the potential to become serious. The experts in Houston found a solution, which was successfully implemented by the crew. The water was mopped up with towels, which were then put out to dry in the tunnel between the command module (CM) and Lunar Module—Scott stated it looked like someone's laundry.<sup id="cite_ref-laundry_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laundry-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 073:31:14 into the mission, a second midcourse correction, with less than a second of burn, was made. Although there were four opportunities to make midcourse corrections following TLI, only two were needed. Apollo 15 approached the Moon on July 29, and the lunar orbit insertion (LOI) burn had to be made using the SPS, on the <a href="/wiki/Far_side_of_the_Moon" title="Far side of the Moon">far side of the Moon</a>, out of radio contact with Earth. If no burn occurred, Apollo 15 would emerge from the lunar shadow and come back in radio contact faster than expected; the continued lack of communication allowed <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a> to conclude that the burn had taken place. When contact resumed, Scott did not immediately give the particulars of the burn, but spoke admiringly of the beauty of the Moon, causing <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a>, the Apollo 14 commander, who was awaiting a television interview, to grumble, "To hell with that shit, give us details of the burn."<sup id="cite_ref-encounter_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encounter-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 398.36-second burn took place at 078:31:46.7 into the mission at an altitude of 86.7 nautical miles (160.6 km) above the Moon, and placed Apollo 15 in an elliptical lunar orbit of 170.1 by 57.7 nautical miles (315.0 by 106.9 km).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland431_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland431-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_orbit_and_landing">Lunar orbit and landing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lunar orbit and landing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_(prior_to_launch).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Control panel of lunar lander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_%28prior_to_launch%29.jpg/260px-Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_%28prior_to_launch%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_%28prior_to_launch%29.jpg/390px-Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_%28prior_to_launch%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_%28prior_to_launch%29.jpg/520px-Interior_of_Apollo_15_lunar_module_%28prior_to_launch%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2714" data-file-height="2730" /></a><figcaption>The interior of <i>Falcon</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/260px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/390px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg/520px-Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>The Apollo 15 command and service module in lunar orbit, photographed from <i>Falcon</i></figcaption></figure> <p>On Apollo 11 and 12, the Lunar Module decoupled from the CSM and was piloted to a much lower orbit from which the lunar landing attempt commenced; to save fuel in an increasingly heavy lander, beginning with Apollo 14, the SPS in the service module made that burn, known as descent orbit insertion (DOI), with the lunar module still attached to the CSM. The initial orbit Apollo 15 was in had its <a href="/wiki/Apocynthion" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocynthion">apocynthion</a>, or high point, over the landing site at Hadley; a burn at the opposite point in the orbit was performed, with the result that Hadley would now be under the craft's <a href="/wiki/Pericynthion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pericynthion">pericynthion</a>, or low point.<sup id="cite_ref-orbit_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orbit-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DOI burn was performed at 082:39:49.09 and took 24.53 seconds; the result was an orbit with apocynthion of 58.5 nautical miles (108.3 km; 67.3 mi) and pericynthion of 9.6 nautical miles (17.8 km; 11.0 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland435_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland435-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overnight between July 29 and 30, as the crew rested, it became apparent to Mission Control that <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(astronomy)" title="Mass concentration (astronomy)">mass concentrations</a> in the Moon were making Apollo 15's orbit increasingly elliptical—pericynthion was 7.6 nautical miles (14.1 km; 8.7 mi) by the time the crew was awakened on July 30. This, and uncertainty as to the exact altitude of the landing site, made it desirable that the orbit be modified, or trimmed. Using the craft's <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">RCS</a> thrusters,<sup id="cite_ref-waking_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waking-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this took place at 095:56:44.70, lasting 30.40 seconds, and raised the pericynthion to 8.8 nautical miles (16.3 km; 10.1 mi) and the apocynthion to 60.2 nautical miles (111.5 km; 69.3 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland435_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland435-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As well as preparing the Lunar Module for its descent, the crew continued observations of the Moon (including of the landing site at Hadley) and provided television footage of the surface. Then, Scott and Irwin entered the Lunar Module in preparation for the landing attempt. Undocking was planned for 100:13:56, over the far side of the Moon, but nothing happened when separation was attempted.<sup id="cite_ref-preparations_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preparations-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After analyzing the problem, the crew and Houston decided the probe instrumentation umbilical was likely loose or disconnected; Worden went into the tunnel connecting the command and lunar modules and determined this was so, seating it more firmly. With the problem resolved, <i>Falcon</i> separated from <i>Endeavour</i> at 100:39:16.2, about 25 minutes late, at an altitude of 5.8 nautical miles (10.7 km; 6.7 mi). Worden in <i>Endeavour</i> executed a SPS burn at 101:38:58.98 to send <i>Endeavour</i> to an orbit of 65.2 nautical miles (120.8 km; 75.0 mi) by 54.8 nautical miles (101.5 km; 63.1 mi) in preparation for his scientific work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland432_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland432-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aboard <i>Falcon</i>, Scott and Irwin prepared for powered descent initiation (PDI), the burn that was to place them on the lunar surface, and, after Mission Control gave them permission,<sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they initiated PDI at 104:30:09.4 at an altitude of 5.8 nautical miles (10.7 km; 6.7 mi),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland432_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland432-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> slightly higher than planned. During the first part of the descent, <i>Falcon</i> was aligned so the astronauts were on their backs and thus could not see the lunar surface below them, but after the craft made a pitchover maneuver, they were upright and could see the surface in front of them. Scott, who as commander performed the landing, was confronted with a landscape that did not at first seem to resemble what he had seen during simulations. Part of this was due to an error in the landing path of some 3,000 feet (910 m), of which CAPCOM <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mitchell" title="Edgar Mitchell">Ed Mitchell</a> informed the crew prior to pitchover; part because the craters Scott had relied on in the simulator were difficult to make out under lunar conditions, and he initially could not see Hadley Rille. He concluded that they were likely to overshoot the planned landing site, and, once he could see the rille, started maneuvering the vehicle to move the computer's landing target back towards the planned spot, and looked for a relatively smooth place to land.<sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReynolds174_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds174-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_7" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv/260px--Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="195" data-durationhint="225" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv/Apollo_15_landing_on_the_Moon.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Apollo 15 landing on the Moon at Hadley, seen from the perspective of the Lunar Module Pilot. Starts at about 5,000 feet (1,500 m).</figcaption></figure> <p>Below about 60 feet (18 m), Scott could see nothing of the surface because of the quantities of lunar dust being displaced by <i>Falcon</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> exhaust. <i>Falcon</i> had a larger <a href="/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle" title="Rocket engine nozzle">engine bell</a> than previous LMs, in part to accommodate a heavier load, and the importance of shutting down the engine at initial contact rather than risk "blowback", the exhaust reflecting off the lunar surface and going back into the engine (possibly causing an explosion) had been impressed on the astronauts by mission planners. Thus, when Irwin called "Contact", indicating that one of the probes on the landing leg extensions had touched the surface, Scott immediately shut off the engine, letting the lander fall the remaining distance to the surface. Already moving downward at about .5 feet (0.15 m) per second, <i>Falcon</i> dropped from a height of 1.6 feet (0.49 m). Scott's speed resulted in what was likely the hardest lunar landing of any of the crewed missions, at about 6.8 feet (2.1 m) per second, causing a startled Irwin to yell "Bam!" Scott had landed <i>Falcon</i> on the rim of a small crater he could not see, and the lander settled back at an angle of 6.9 degrees and to the left of 8.6 degrees.<sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report62_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report62-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Irwin described it in his autobiography as the hardest landing he had ever been in, and he feared that the craft would keep tipping over, forcing an immediate abort.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrwin59_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin59-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Falcon</i> landed at 104:42:29.3 (22:16:29 GMT on July 30), with approximately 103 seconds of fuel remaining, about 1,800 feet (550 m) from the planned landing site.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland432_82-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland432-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Irwin's exclamation, Scott reported, "Okay, Houston. The <i>Falcon</i> is on the Plain at Hadley."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once within the planned landing zone, the increased mobility provided by the Lunar Roving Vehicle made unnecessary any further maneuvering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report95_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report95-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_surface">Lunar surface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Lunar surface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface" title="Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface">Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stand-up_EVA_and_first_EVA">Stand-up EVA and first EVA</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Stand-up EVA and first EVA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>As I stand out here in the wonders of the unknown at Hadley, I sort of realize there's a fundamental truth to our nature. Man must explore. And this is exploration at its greatest. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="center-aligned" style="">David Scott, upon setting foot on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-deploying_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deploying-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>With <i>Falcon</i> due to remain on the lunar surface for almost three days, Scott deemed it important to maintain the <a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">circadian rhythm</a> they were used to, and as they had landed in the late afternoon, Houston time, the two astronauts were to sleep before going onto the surface. But the time schedule allowed Scott to open the lander's top hatch (usually used for docking) and spend a half hour looking at their surroundings, describing them, and taking photographs. Lee Silver had taught him the importance of going to a high place to survey a new field site, and the top hatch served that purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin414–415_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin414–415-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seva_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seva-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deke Slayton and other managers were initially opposed due to the oxygen that would be lost, but Scott got his way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov294–295_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScott_&_Leonov294–295-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the only stand-up <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">extravehicular activity</a> (EVA) ever performed through the LM's top hatch on the lunar surface, Scott was able to make plans for the following day's EVA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeattie231_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeattie231-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He offered Irwin a chance to look out as well, but this would have required rearranging the umbilicals connecting Irwin to <i>Falcon</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> life support system, and he declined.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIrwin61_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIrwin61-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After repressurizing the spacecraft, Scott and Irwin removed their space suits for sleep, becoming the first astronauts to doff their suits while on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin415_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin415-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_8" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="66" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv/Apollo_15_lunar_rover_EVA2.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Aboard the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the sleep period Mission Control in Houston monitored a slow but steady oxygen loss. Scott and Irwin eventually were awakened an hour early, and the source of the problem was found to be an open valve on the urine transfer device. In post-mission debriefing, Scott recommended that future crews be woken at once under similar circumstances. After the problem was solved, the crew began preparation for the first Moon walk.<sup id="cite_ref-eva1wake_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eva1wake-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After donning their suits and depressurizing the cabin,<sup id="cite_ref-eva1prep_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eva1prep-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott and Irwin began their first full EVA, becoming the seventh and eighth humans, respectively, to walk on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland89–90,_358–359_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland89–90,_358–359-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They began deploying the lunar rover, stored folded up in a compartment of <i>Falcon</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> descent stage, but this proved troublesome due to the slant of the lander. The experts in Houston suggested lifting the front end of the rover as the astronauts pulled it out, and this worked.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland90–93_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland90–93-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott began a system checkout. One of the batteries gave a zero voltage reading, but this was only an instrumentation problem. A greater concern was that the front wheel steering would not work. However, the rear wheel steering was sufficient to maneuver the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland93–94_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland93–94-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Completing his checkout, Scott said "Okay. Out of <a href="/wiki/Detent" title="Detent">detent</a>; we're moving", maneuvering the rover away from <i>Falcon</i> in mid-sentence. These were the first words uttered by a human while driving a vehicle on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-deploying_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deploying-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rover carried a <a href="/wiki/Apollo_TV_camera" title="Apollo TV camera">television camera</a>, controlled remotely from Houston by NASA's Ed Fendell. The resolution was not high compared to the still photographs that would be taken, but the camera allowed the geologists on Earth to indirectly participate in Scott and Irwin's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland96–97_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland96–97-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rille was not visible from the landing site, but as Scott and Irwin drove over the rolling terrain, it came into view.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin418–419_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin418–419-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were able to see <a href="/wiki/Elbow_(lunar_crater)" title="Elbow (lunar crater)">Elbow</a> crater, and they began to drive in that direction.<sup id="cite_ref-drivingtoelbow_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drivingtoelbow-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reaching Elbow, a known location, allowed Mission Control to backtrack and get closer to pinpointing the location of the lander. The astronauts took samples there,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland106–107_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland106–107-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then drove to another crater on the flank of <a href="/wiki/Mons_Hadley_Delta" title="Mons Hadley Delta">Mons Hadley Delta</a>, where they took more. After concluding this stop, they returned to the lander to drop off their samples and prepare to set up the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package" title="Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package">Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package</a> (ALSEP), the scientific instruments that would remain when they left.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland107–114,_315_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland107–114,_315-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott had difficulty drilling the holes required for the <a href="/wiki/Heat_Flow_Experiment" title="Heat Flow Experiment">heat flow experiment</a>, and the work was not completed when they had to return to the lander.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarland115_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarland115-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first EVA lasted 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours and 32 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin598_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin598-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-summaryalsj_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summaryalsj-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Second_and_third_EVAs">Second and third EVAs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Second and third EVAs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white rock, placed in a laboratory setting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg/220px-Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg/330px-Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg/440px-Apollo_15_Genesis_Rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The rover's front steering, inoperative during the first EVA, worked during the second and third ones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report101_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report101-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The target of the second EVA, on August 1, was the slope of Mons Hadley Delta, where the pair sampled boulders and craters along the <a href="/wiki/Montes_Apenninus" title="Montes Apenninus">Apennine Front</a>. They spent an hour at <a href="/wiki/Spur_(lunar_crater)" title="Spur (lunar crater)">Spur</a> crater, during which the astronauts collected a sample dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a>. This rock, an <a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">anorthosite</a>, is believed to be part of the early lunar crust—the hope of finding such a specimen had been one reason the Hadley area had been chosen. Once back at the landing site, Scott continued to try to drill holes for experiments at the ALSEP site, with which he had struggled the day before. After conducting soil-mechanics experiments and raising the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flag_Assembly" title="Lunar Flag Assembly">U.S. flag</a>, Scott and Irwin returned to the LM. EVA<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 lasted 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours and 12 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin598_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin598-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-summaryalsj_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summaryalsj-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Scott had eventually been successful at drilling the holes, he and Irwin had been unable to retrieve a core sample, and this was an early order of business during EVA 3, their third and final moonwalk. Time that could have been devoted to geology ticked away as Scott and Irwin attempted to pull it out. Once it had been retrieved, more time passed as they attempted to break the core into pieces for transport to Earth. Hampered by an incorrectly mounted vise on the rover, they eventually gave up on this—the core would be transported home with one segment longer than planned. Scott wondered if the core was worth the amount of time and effort invested, and the CAPCOM, Joe Allen, assured him it was. The core proved one of the most important items brought back from the Moon, revealing much about its history, but the expended time meant the planned visit to a group of hills known as the <a href="/wiki/North_Complex" title="North Complex">North Complex</a> had to be scrubbed. Instead, the crew again ventured to the edge of Hadley Rille, this time to the northwest of the immediate landing site.<sup id="cite_ref-summaryalsj_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summaryalsj-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_9" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="161" data-durationhint="48" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="196" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv/Apollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AApollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AApollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AApollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AApollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AApollo_15_feather_and_hammer_drop.ogv&lang=tok&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tok" label="toki pona ‪(tok)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>David Scott's hammer and feather experiment</figcaption></figure> <p>Once the astronauts were beside the LM, Scott used a kit provided by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">Postal Service</a> to cancel a <a href="/wiki/First_day_cover" class="mw-redirect" title="First day cover">first day cover</a> of two stamps being issued on August 2, the current date.<sup id="cite_ref-hammer_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott then performed an experiment in view of the television camera, using a falcon feather and hammer to demonstrate <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a>'s theory that all objects in a given gravity field fall at the same rate, regardless of mass, in the absence of <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamic_drag" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerodynamic drag">aerodynamic drag</a>. He dropped the hammer and feather at the same time; because of the negligible lunar atmosphere, there was no drag on the feather, which hit the ground at the same time as the hammer. This was Joe Allen's idea (he also served as CAPCOM during it) and was part of an effort to find a memorable popular science experiment to do on the Moon along the lines of Shepard's hitting of golf balls. The feather was most likely from a female <a href="/wiki/Gyrfalcon" title="Gyrfalcon">gyrfalcon</a> (a type of falcon), a mascot at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">United States Air Force Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hammer_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fallen_Astronaut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small aluminum statue and a plaque on the lunar surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fallen_Astronaut.jpg/220px-Fallen_Astronaut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fallen_Astronaut.jpg/330px-Fallen_Astronaut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Fallen_Astronaut.jpg/440px-Fallen_Astronaut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="1306" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i> memorial, near Hadley Rille, Moon</figcaption></figure> <p>Scott then drove the rover to a position away from the LM, where the television camera could be used to observe the lunar liftoff. Near the rover, he left a small aluminum statuette called <i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i>, along with a plaque bearing the names of 14 known American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts who had died in the furtherance of space exploration. The memorial was left while the television camera was turned away; he told Mission Control he was doing some cleanup activities around the rover. Scott disclosed the memorial in a post-flight news conference. He also placed a Bible on the control panel of the rover before leaving it for the last time to enter the LM.<sup id="cite_ref-hammer_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hammer-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EVA lasted 4 hours, 49 minutes and 50 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report16_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report16-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, the two astronauts spent 18<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours outside the LM and collected approximately 170 lb (77 kg) of lunar samples.<sup id="cite_ref-summaryalsj_63-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summaryalsj-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Command_module_activities">Command module activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Command module activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Solo_operations_of_Apollo_15" title="Solo operations of Apollo 15">Solo operations of Apollo 15</a></div> <p>After the departure of <i>Falcon</i>, Worden in <i>Endeavour</i> executed a burn to take the CSM to a higher orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-preparations_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preparations-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <i>Falcon</i> was on the Moon, the mission effectively split, Worden and the CSM being assigned their own CAPCOM and flight support team.<sup id="cite_ref-solo1_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo1-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_CSM_(14412950693).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A spacecraft seen with the Moon in background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Apollo_15_CSM_%2814412950693%29.jpg/290px-Apollo_15_CSM_%2814412950693%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Apollo_15_CSM_%2814412950693%29.jpg/435px-Apollo_15_CSM_%2814412950693%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Apollo_15_CSM_%2814412950693%29.jpg/580px-Apollo_15_CSM_%2814412950693%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i>Endeavour</i>, with the SIM bay exposed, as seen from the Lunar Module <i>Falcon</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Worden got busy with the tasks that were to occupy him for much of the time he spent in space alone: photography and operating the instruments in the SIM bay.<sup id="cite_ref-solo1_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo1-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The door to the SIM bay had been explosively jettisoned during the translunar coast. Filling previously unused space in the service module, the SIM bay contained a gamma-ray spectrometer, mounted on the end of a boom, an X-ray spectrometer and a laser altimeter, which failed part way through the mission. Two cameras, a stellar camera and a metric camera, together comprised the mapping camera, which was complemented by a panoramic camera, derived from <a href="/wiki/Corona_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corona (satellite)">spy technology</a>. The altimeter and cameras permitted the exact time and location from which pictures were taken to be determined. Also present were an alpha particle spectrometer, which could be used to detect evidence of lunar volcanism, and a mass spectrometer, also on a boom in the hope it would be unaffected by contamination from the ship. The boom would prove troublesome, as Worden would not always be able to get it to retract.<sup id="cite_ref-summary_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Part of the lunar surface" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg/220px-Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg/330px-Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg/440px-Apollo_15_Hadley_Rille.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1012" /></a><figcaption>The landing area is shown in an image taken by the mapping camera</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Endeavour</i> was slated to pass over the landing site at the moment of planned landing,<sup id="cite_ref-preparations_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preparations-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Worden could not see <i>Falcon</i><sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and did not spot it until a subsequent orbit. He also exercised to avoid muscle atrophy, and Houston kept him up to date on Scott and Irwin's activities on the lunar surface. The panoramic camera did not operate perfectly, but provided enough images that no special adjustment was made. Worden took many photographs through the command module's windows, often with shots taken at regular intervals. His task was complicated by the lack of a working mission timer in the Lower Equipment Bay of the command module, as its circuit breaker had popped en route to the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-solo1_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo1-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worden's observations and photographs would inform the decision to send <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> to <a href="/wiki/Taurus-Littrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurus-Littrow">Taurus-Littrow</a> to search for evidence of volcanic activity. There was a communications blackout when the CSM passed over the far side of the Moon from Earth; Worden greeted each resumption of contact with the words, "Hello, Earth. Greetings from <i>Endeavour</i>", expressed in different languages. Worden and El-Baz had come up with the idea, and the geology instructor had aided the astronaut in accumulating translations.<sup id="cite_ref-solo2_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo2-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Results from the SIM bay experiments would include the conclusion, from data gathered by the X-ray spectrometer, that there was greater fluorescent X-ray flux than anticipated, and that the lunar highlands were richer in aluminum than were the mares.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report37_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report37-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Endeavour</i> was in a more inclined orbit than previous crewed missions, and Worden saw features that were not known previously, supplementing photographs with thorough descriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-moon_mountain_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon_mountain-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time Scott and Irwin were ready to take off from the lunar surface and return to <i>Endeavour</i>, the CSM's orbit had drifted due to the rotation of the Moon, and a plane change burn was required to ensure that the CSM's orbit would be in the same plane as that of the LM once it took off from the Moon. Worden accomplished the 18-second burn with the SPS.<sup id="cite_ref-solo4_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solo4-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Earth">Return to Earth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Return to Earth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_10" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_the_Moon.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>The liftoff from the Moon as seen by the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_TV_camera" title="Apollo TV camera">TV camera</a> on the lunar rover</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Return_of_Apollo_15_to_Earth" title="Return of Apollo 15 to Earth">Return of Apollo 15 to Earth</a></div> <p><i>Falcon</i> lifted off the Moon at 17:11:22 GMT on August<span class="nowrap"> </span>2 after 66 hours and 55 minutes on the lunar surface. Docking with the CSM took place just under two hours later.<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the astronauts transferred samples and other items from the LM to the CSM, the LM was sealed off, jettisoned, and intentionally crashed into the lunar surface, an impact registered by the seismometers left by Apollo 12, 14 and 15.<sup id="cite_ref-jettison_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jettison-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jettison proved difficult because of problems getting airtight seals, requiring a delay in discarding the LM. After the jettison, Slayton came on the loop to recommend the astronauts take sleeping pills, or at least that Scott and Irwin do so. Scott as mission commander refused to allow it, feeling there was no need. During the EVAs, the doctors had noticed irregularities in both Scott's and Irwin's heartbeats, but the crew were not informed during the flight. Irwin had heart problems after retiring as an astronaut and died in 1991 of a heart attack; Scott felt that he as commander should have been informed of the biomedical readings.<sup id="cite_ref-jettison_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jettison-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-summary_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA doctors at the time theorized the heart readings were due to <a href="/wiki/Hypokalemia" title="Hypokalemia">potassium deficiency</a>, due to their hard work on the surface and inadequate resupply through liquids.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin446–447_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin446–447-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_11" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv/220px--Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="101" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv/Apollo_15_Worden_EVA.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Worden's deep space EVA</figcaption></figure> <p>The crew spent the next two days working on orbital science experiments, including more observations of the Moon from orbit and releasing the subsatellite.<sup id="cite_ref-moon_mountain_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moon_mountain-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Endeavour</i> departed lunar orbit with another burn of the SPS engine<sup id="cite_ref-jettison_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jettison-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>minutes 21 seconds at 21:22:45 GMT on August<span class="nowrap"> </span>4.<sup id="cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, during the return to Earth, Worden performed a 39-minute EVA to retrieve film cassettes from the service module's scientific instrument module (SIM) bay, with assistance from Irwin who remained at the command module's hatch.<sup id="cite_ref-Drew_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drew-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At approximately 171,000 nautical miles<sup id="cite_ref-wordeneva_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordeneva-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moonworden_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moonworden-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (197,000 mi; 317,000 km) from Earth, it was the first "deep space" EVA in history, performed at great distance from any planetary body. As of 2024, it remains one of only three such EVAs, all performed during Apollo's J missions under similar circumstances. Later that day, the crew set a record for the longest Apollo flight to that point.<sup id="cite_ref-wordeneva_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wordeneva-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On approach to Earth on August<span class="nowrap"> </span>7, the service module was jettisoned, and the command module <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">reentered the Earth's atmosphere</a>. Although one of the three parachutes on the CM failed after deploying, likely due to damage as the spacecraft vented fuel, only two were required for a safe landing (one extra for redundancy). Upon landing in the North Pacific Ocean, the CM and crew were recovered and taken aboard the recovery ship, <a href="/wiki/USS_Okinawa_(LPH-3)" title="USS Okinawa (LPH-3)">USS <i>Okinawa</i></a>, after a mission lasting 12 days, 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours, 11 minutes and 53 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment">Assessment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Assessment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mission objectives for Apollo 15 were to "perform <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/selenology" class="extiw" title="wikt:selenology">selenological</a> inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface features in a pre-selected area of the <a href="/wiki/Hadley%E2%80%93Apennine" title="Hadley–Apennine">Hadley–Apennine</a> region. Emplace and activate surface experiments. Evaluate the capability of the Apollo equipment to provide extended lunar surface stay time, increased extravehicular operations, and surface mobility. [and] Conduct inflight experiments and photographic tasks from lunar orbit."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report159_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report159-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It achieved all those objectives. The mission also completed a long list of other tasks, including experiments. One of the photographic objectives, to obtain images of the <a href="/wiki/Gegenschein" title="Gegenschein">gegenschein</a> from lunar orbit, was not completed, as the camera was not pointed at the proper spot in the sky.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report159–162_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report159–162-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the conclusions in the <i>Apollo 15 Mission Report</i>, the journey "was the fourth lunar landing and resulted in the collection of a wealth of scientific information. The Apollo system, in addition to providing a means of transportation, excelled as an operational scientific facility."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report238_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report238-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apollo 15 saw an increase in public interest in the Apollo program, in part due to fascination with the LRV, as well as the attractiveness of the Hadley Rille site and the increased television coverage.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to David Woods in the <i>Apollo Lunar Flight Journal</i>, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Though subsequent missions travelled further on the Moon, brought back more samples and put the lessons of Apollo 15 into practice, this feat of unalloyed exploration still stands out as a great moment of human achievement. It is remembered still for its combination of competent enthusiasm, magnificent machinery, finely honed science and the grandeur of a very special site in the cosmos beside a meandering rille and graceful, massive mountains – Hadley Base.<sup id="cite_ref-summary_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALFJ 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Envelope with mission patch logo, three stamps and two postmarks" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg/220px-Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg/330px-Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg/440px-Apollo_15_Sieger_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>A "Sieger cover"</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></div> <p>Despite the successful mission, the careers of the crew were tarnished by a deal they had made before the flight to carry postal covers to the Moon in exchange for about $7,000 each, which they planned to set aside for their children.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_press_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_press-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-weinberger_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weinberger-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walter Eiermann, who had many professional and social contacts with NASA employees and the astronaut corps, served as intermediary between the astronauts and a West German stamp dealer, Hermann Sieger, and Scott carried about 400 covers onto the spacecraft; they were subsequently transferred into <i>Falcon</i> and remained inside the lander during the astronauts' activities on the surface of the Moon. After the return to Earth, 100 of the covers were given to Eiermann, who passed them on to Sieger, receiving a commission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamkissoon213–215_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamkissoon213–215-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinick71–74_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinick71–74-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No permission had been received from Slayton to carry the covers, as required.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlayton278–279_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlayton278–279-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 100 covers were put on sale to Sieger's customers in late 1971 at a price of about $1,500 each. After receiving the agreed payments, the astronauts returned them, and accepted no compensation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWinick77–78_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinick77–78-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1972, Slayton learned that unauthorized covers had been carried, and removed the three as the backup crew for <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlayton278–279_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlayton278–279-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The matter became public in June 1972 and the three astronauts were reprimanded for poor judgment;<sup id="cite_ref-July_11_press_release_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_11_press_release-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> none ever flew in space again.<sup id="cite_ref-Houston_press_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houston_press-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the investigation, the astronauts had surrendered those covers still in their possession; after Worden filed suit, they were returned in 1983, something <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)"><i>Slate</i> magazine</a> deemed an exoneration.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-slate_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another controversy arose later, this time surrounding the <i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i> statuette that Scott had left on the Moon. Before the mission, Scott had made a verbal agreement with Belgian artist Paul Van Hoeydonck to <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpt</a> the statuette. Scott's intent, in keeping with NASA's strict policy against commercial exploitation of the US government's space program, was for a simple memorial with a minimum of publicity, keeping the artist anonymous, no commercial replicas being made except for a single copy for public exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> commissioned after the sculpture's public disclosure during the post-flight press conference. Van Hoeydonck claims to have had a different understanding of the agreement, by which he would have received recognition as the creator of a tribute to human space exploration, with rights to sell replicas to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-slate_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slate-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under pressure from NASA, Van Hoeydonck canceled a plan to publicly sell 950 signed copies.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, Scott published a document entitled "Memorandum for the Record", in which he stated that the figurine left on the Moon was designed and fabricated by NASA personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While testifying before a Senate committee in 1972, he had stated that the figurine had been made and provided by Van Hoeydonck at Scott's request.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAugust_3,_1972_hearing120_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAugust_3,_1972_hearing120-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During those congressional hearings into the postal covers and Fallen Astronaut matters, two <a href="/wiki/Bulova" title="Bulova">Bulova</a> timepieces taken on the mission by Scott were also matters of controversy. Before the mission, Scott had been introduced to Bulova's representative, General <a href="/wiki/James_McCormack" title="James McCormack">James McCormack</a> by <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a> commander <a href="/wiki/Frank_Borman" title="Frank Borman">Frank Borman</a>. Bulova had been seeking to have its timepieces taken on Apollo missions, but after evaluation, NASA had selected Omega watches instead. Scott brought the Bulova timepieces on the mission, without disclosing them to Slayton.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAugust_3,_1972_hearing122–125_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAugust_3,_1972_hearing122–125-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Scott's second EVA, the crystal on his NASA standard issue <a href="/wiki/Omega_Speedmaster" title="Omega Speedmaster">Omega Speedmaster</a> watch popped off,<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, during the third EVA, he used a Bulova watch. The Bulova Chronograph Model #88510/01 that Scott wore on the lunar surface was a prototype, given to him by the Bulova Company, and it is the only privately owned watch to have been worn while walking on the lunar surface. There are images of him wearing this watch, when he saluted the American flag on the Moon, with the <a href="/wiki/Hadley_Delta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadley Delta">Hadley Delta</a> expanse in the background. In 2015, the watch sold for $1.625 million, which makes it one of the most expensive astronaut-owned artifact ever sold at auction and <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_watches_sold_at_auction" title="List of most expensive watches sold at auction">one of the most expensive watches sold at auction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_insignia">Mission insignia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mission insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg/220px-Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg/330px-Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg/440px-Apollo_XV_Vettes_at_NCM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette" title="Chevrolet Corvette">Chevrolet Corvettes</a> driven by Scott (right) and Worden during the training for Apollo 15, photographed in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>The Apollo 15 <a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">mission patch</a> carries Air Force motifs, a nod to the crew's service there, just as the Apollo 12 all-Navy crew's patch had featured a sailing ship. The circular patch features stylized red, white and blue birds flying over Hadley Rille. Immediately behind the birds, a line of craters forms the <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numeral</a> XV. The Roman numerals were hidden in emphasized outlines of some craters after NASA insisted that the mission number be displayed in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_numerals" title="Arabic numerals">Arabic numerals</a>. The artwork is circled in red, with a white band giving the mission and crew names and a blue border. Scott contacted fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Pucci" title="Emilio Pucci">Emilio Pucci</a> to design the patch, who came up with the basic idea of the three-bird motif on a square patch.<sup id="cite_ref-car_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-car-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_(SN-92).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Both sides of a silver "Robbins" medallion with the mission logo and dates of travel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-92%29.jpg/220px-Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-92%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-92%29.jpg/330px-Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-92%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-92%29.jpg/440px-Apollo_15_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-92%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4346" data-file-height="2157" /></a><figcaption>Apollo 15 space-flown silver <a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Robbins_medallions_of_the_Apollo_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA space-flown Robbins medallions of the Apollo missions">Robbins medallion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The crew changed the shape to round and the colors from blues and greens to a patriotic red, white and blue. Worden stated that each bird also represented an astronaut, white being his own color (and as Command Module Pilot, uppermost), Scott being the blue bird and Irwin the red. The colors matched <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette" title="Chevrolet Corvette">Chevrolet Corvettes</a> leased by the astronauts at KSC;<sup id="cite_ref-car_136-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-car-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Florida car dealer had, since the time of <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Project Mercury</a>, been leasing Chevrolets to astronauts for $1 and later selling them to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The astronauts were photographed with the cars and the training LRV for the June 11, 1971, edition of <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)"><i>Life</i></a> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-image_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-image-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visibility_from_space">Visibility from space</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Visibility from space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The halo area of the Apollo 15 landing site, created by the LM's exhaust plume, was observed by a camera aboard the Japanese lunar orbiter <a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE</a> and confirmed by comparative analysis of photographs in May 2008. This corresponds well to photographs taken from the Apollo 15 command module showing a change in surface reflectivity due to the plume, and was the first visible trace of crewed landings on the Moon seen from space since the close of the Apollo program.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Still_images">Still images</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Still images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Apollo 15 launch vehicle during rollout"><img alt="A rocket on a launchpad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg/159px-Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg/238px-Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg/318px-Apollo_15_rollout_from_VAB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3259" data-file-height="4104" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Apollo 15 launch vehicle during rollout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jim_Irwin_(left)_Al_Worden,_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The astronauts pose before the VAB as the Saturn V is rolled out"><img alt="Three men stand in front of a rocket" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jim_Irwin_%28left%29_Al_Worden%2C_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg/155px-Jim_Irwin_%28left%29_Al_Worden%2C_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jim_Irwin_%28left%29_Al_Worden%2C_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg/232px-Jim_Irwin_%28left%29_Al_Worden%2C_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Jim_Irwin_%28left%29_Al_Worden%2C_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg/310px-Jim_Irwin_%28left%29_Al_Worden%2C_and_Dave_Scott_pose_in_front_of_the_VAB_during_the_Saturn_V_roll-out.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The astronauts pose before the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">VAB</a> as the Saturn V is rolled out</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Worden,_Dave_Scott,_Deke_Slayton,_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Worden, Scott, Slayton and Schmitt eat the pre-launch breakfast"><img alt="Several men at a sit-down breakfast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Al_Worden%2C_Dave_Scott%2C_Deke_Slayton%2C_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg/200px-Al_Worden%2C_Dave_Scott%2C_Deke_Slayton%2C_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Al_Worden%2C_Dave_Scott%2C_Deke_Slayton%2C_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg/300px-Al_Worden%2C_Dave_Scott%2C_Deke_Slayton%2C_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Al_Worden%2C_Dave_Scott%2C_Deke_Slayton%2C_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg/400px-Al_Worden%2C_Dave_Scott%2C_Deke_Slayton%2C_and_Jack_Schmitt_dig_into_the_pre-launch_breakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3429" data-file-height="2724" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Worden, Scott, Slayton and Schmitt eat the pre-launch breakfast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Falcon on the Moon. Note the slant of the vehicle"><img alt="A lunar landscape with a lander in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg/200px-Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg/300px-Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg/400px-Falcon_lunar_module_on_the_Moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3862" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Falcon</i> on the Moon. Note the slant of the vehicle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille,_Lunar_Rover,_Scott.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scott does geology work near Hadley Rille"><img alt="Lunar landscape with man leaning over rover" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille%2C_Lunar_Rover%2C_Scott.jpg/199px-Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille%2C_Lunar_Rover%2C_Scott.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille%2C_Lunar_Rover%2C_Scott.jpg/298px-Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille%2C_Lunar_Rover%2C_Scott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille%2C_Lunar_Rover%2C_Scott.jpg/398px-Apollo_15_Station_2_Rille%2C_Lunar_Rover%2C_Scott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="2353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scott does geology work near Hadley Rille</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scott examines a boulder during the third EVA"><img alt="A man in a spacesuit leans over a large rock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg/199px-Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg/298px-Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg/397px-Apollo_15_Dave_Scott_at_St._9a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="2355" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scott examines a boulder during the third EVA</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A15.s74_41836.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mission Control in Houston during the third Apollo 15 EVA, August 2, 1971. CAPCOM Joe Allen is to left (pointing) with Dick Gordon next to him."><img alt="A control room; visible on a large screen are two astronauts walking on the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/A15.s74_41836.jpg/200px-A15.s74_41836.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/A15.s74_41836.jpg/300px-A15.s74_41836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/A15.s74_41836.jpg/400px-A15.s74_41836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3760" data-file-height="2427" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mission Control in Houston during the third Apollo 15 EVA, August 2, 1971. CAPCOM Joe Allen is to left (pointing) with Dick Gordon next to him.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S71-41759.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mission Control in Houston as Falcon takes off from the Moon"><img alt="Several rows of consoles. A large screen showed a lunar lander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/S71-41759.jpg/200px-S71-41759.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/S71-41759.jpg/300px-S71-41759.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/S71-41759.jpg/400px-S71-41759.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4524" data-file-height="3045" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mission Control in Houston as <i>Falcon</i> takes off from the Moon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Alfred Worden in space suit retrieving film cartridges during the transearth coast"><img alt="A man in a spacesuit floating beside a spacecraft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg/200px-Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg/300px-Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg/400px-Worden_podczas_EVA_S71-43202.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2817" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Alfred Worden in space suit retrieving film cartridges during the transearth coast</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S71-42825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The astronauts disembark their helicopter aboard the Okinawa"><img alt="Three men in flight suits disembark a helicopter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/S71-42825.jpg/200px-S71-42825.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/S71-42825.jpg/300px-S71-42825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/S71-42825.jpg/400px-S71-42825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8635" data-file-height="6808" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The astronauts disembark their helicopter aboard the <i>Okinawa</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Moon as seen from the departing Apollo 15 spacecraft"><img alt="The Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg/198px-Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg/297px-Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg/397px-Moon_AS15-M-2778.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7000" data-file-height="7061" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Moon as seen from the departing Apollo 15 spacecraft</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum,_Weatherford,_OK,_US_(60).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Backup of the plaque left on Falcon's descent stage"><img alt="A plaque to be left on the lander" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%2860%29.jpg/200px-Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%2860%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%2860%29.jpg/300px-Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%2860%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%2860%29.jpg/400px-Stafford_Air_%26_Space_Museum%2C_Weatherford%2C_OK%2C_US_%2860%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Backup of the plaque left on <i>Falcon</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> descent stage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Command Module Endeavour on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio"><img alt="A spaceship on display" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg/200px-Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg/300px-Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg/400px-Apollo_15_Command_Module_at_the_National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo command module">Command Module <i>Endeavour</i></a> on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton, Ohio</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The spacesuit David Scott wore during the Apollo 15 mission is on display at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C."><img alt="The spacesuit David Scott wore during the Apollo 15 mission is on display at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg/76px-Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg/114px-Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg/152px-Apollo_15_Space_Suit_David_Scott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2169" data-file-height="5697" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spacesuit David Scott wore during the Apollo 15 mission is on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a>, Washington, D.C.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multimedia">Multimedia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Multimedia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv/200px--Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="130" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv/Apollo_15_CSM_moving_away_from_LM.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Endeavour</i> filmed from <i>Falcon</i> after undocking</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm/200px--Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="113" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8"" data-width="718" data-height="404" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f7/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm/Apollo_15_Lunar_Roving_Vehicle_deployment.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Deployment of the lunar rover on the Moon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv/200px--Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="38" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv/Apollo_15_liftoff_from_inside_LM.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Liftoff from the Moon, seen through the LMP's window as Scott and Irwin play a prerecorded instrumental version of the song "<a href="/wiki/The_U.S._Air_Force_(song)" title="The U.S. Air Force (song)">The U.S. Air Force</a>", commonly known as "Wild Blue Yonder".</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_3" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv/200px--Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" height="150" data-durationhint="83" data-mwtitle="Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/04/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv/Apollo_15_splashdown.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo 15 splashdown</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/48px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/64px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Space">Space portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_spacewalks_and_moonwalks_1965%E2%80%931999" title="List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999">List of spacewalks and moonwalks 1965–1999</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mattingly was replaced before launch by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Swigert" title="Jack Swigert">Jack Swigert</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Plain_(West_Point)" title="The Plain (West Point)">The Plain</a> was a shoutout to Scott's alma mater, West Point, as that is the name of the <a href="/wiki/Parade_ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Parade ground">parade ground</a> there.<sup id="cite_ref-landing_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landing-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ALSJ 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Orloff-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orloff_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOrloff2004" class="citation book cs1">Orloff, Richard W. (2004) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070823124845/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm">"Table of Contents"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm"><i>Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference</i></a>. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050631-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050631-4"><bdi>978-0-16-050631-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00g_Table_of_Contents.htm">the original</a> on August 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 18,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Table+of+Contents&rft.btitle=Apollo+by+the+Numbers%3A+A+Statistical+Reference&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=NASA+History+Series&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-16-050631-4&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4029%2FApollo_00g_Table_of_Contents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_15_CSM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_CSM_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A">"Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (CSM)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Science_Data_Coordinated_Archive" title="NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive">NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+15+Command+and+Service+Module+%28CSM%29&rft.pub=NASA+Space+Science+Data+Coordinated+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1971-063A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Apollo_15_LM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_LM_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_LM_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Apollo_15_LM_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C">"Apollo 15 Lunar Module /ALSEP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Science_Data_Coordinated_Archive" title="NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive">NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Module+%2FALSEP&rft.pub=NASA+Space+Science+Data+Coordinated+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1971-063C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report3_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMission_Report">Mission Report</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190722024924/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/command-module-apollo-15">"Apollo 15 Command Module"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Air and Space Museum">Smithsonian Air and Space Museum</a>. March 17, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/command-module-apollo-15">the original</a> on July 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+15+Command+Module&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Air+and+Space+Museum&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fairandspace.si.edu%2Fcollection-objects%2Fcommand-module-apollo-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115082343/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/lunar-module-2-apollo">"Lunar Module LM-2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Air_and_Space_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Air and Space Museum">Smithsonian Air and Space Museum</a>. March 21, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/lunar-module-2-apollo">the original</a> on January 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%27halo%27+area+around+Apollo+15+landing+site+observed+by+Terrain+Camera+on+SELENE+%28KAGUYA%29&rft.place=Ch%C5%8Dfu%2C+Tokyo&rft.pub=Japan+Aerospace+Exploration+Agency&rft.date=2008-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.jaxa.jp%2Fpress%2F2008%2F05%2F20080520_kaguya_e.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apollo_Lunar_Flight_Journal">Apollo Lunar Flight Journal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Apollo Lunar Flight Journal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wordeneva-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wordeneva_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wordeneva_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wordeneva_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wordeneva_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Summary&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=W.+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2Fa15summary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-entry-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-entry_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-entry_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. 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NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225233959/https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap15fj/08day3_leak_hilltop.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Day+3%3A+Leaking+Water+and+the+Top+of+the+Hill&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F08day3_leak_hilltop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encounter-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-encounter_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Day+4%3A+Lunar+Encounter&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F09day4_lunar_encounter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orbit-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orbit_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap15fj/10day4_lunar_orbit.html">"Day 4: Lunar Orbit"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Flight Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225233957/https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap15fj/10day4_lunar_orbit.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Day+4%3A+Lunar+Orbit&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F10day4_lunar_orbit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-preparations-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-preparations_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-preparations_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-preparations_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Day+5%3A+Preparations+for+Landing&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F12day5_landing_prep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solo1-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solo1_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solo1_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solo1_110-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Solo+Orbital+Operations-1&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F13solo_ops1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solo2-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-solo2_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap15fj/14solo_ops2.html">"Solo Orbital Operations-2"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Flight Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225233957/https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap15fj/14solo_ops2.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Solo+Orbital+Operations-2&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F14solo_ops2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solo4-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-solo4_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsO'Brien1998" class="citation web cs1">Woods, W. David; O'Brien, Frank, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Flight+Journal&rft.atitle=Solo+Orbital+Operations-4&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Fafj%2Fap15fj%2F16solo_ops4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Journal">Apollo Lunar Surface Journal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Apollo Lunar Surface Journal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-crew_information-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crew_information_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Eric M., ed. 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(1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.landing.html">"Landing at Hadley"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628230652/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.landing.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225232151/https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.lrvdep.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Surface+Journal&rft.atitle=Deploying+the+Lunar+Roving+Vehicle&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fa15.lrvdep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seva-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seva_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Eric M., ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.seva.html">"Stand-Up EVA"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628231634/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.seva.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Surface+Journal&rft.atitle=Stand-Up+EVA&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fa15.seva.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eva1wake-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eva1wake_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Eric M., ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.eva1wake.html">"Wake-up for EVA-1"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012014625/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.eva1wake.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Surface+Journal&rft.atitle=Wake-up+for+EVA-1&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fa15.eva1wake.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eva1prep-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eva1prep_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Eric M., ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.eva1prep.html">"Preparations for EVA-1"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171225232244/https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.eva1prep.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Surface+Journal&rft.atitle=Preparations+for+EVA-1&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fa15.eva1prep.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drivingtoelbow-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-drivingtoelbow_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Eric M., ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.elbowtrv.html">"Driving to Elbow Crater"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal</i>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012011146/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.elbowtrv.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Surface+Journal&rft.atitle=Driving+to+Elbow+Crater&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fa15.elbowtrv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-image-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-image_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1996" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Eric M., ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/images15.html#Crew">"Apollo 15 Map and Image Library"</a>. <i>Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal</i>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Apollo+15+Lunar+Surface+Journal&rft.atitle=Apollo+15+Map+and+Image+Library&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fimages15.html%23Crew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeattie" class="citation book cs1">Beattie, Donald A. (2001). <i>Taking Science to the Moon</i>. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7440-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-7440-6"><bdi>978-0-8018-7440-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taking+Science+to+the+Moon&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-7440-6&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=Donald+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaikin" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Chaikin" title="Andrew Chaikin">Chaikin, Andrew</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/A_Man_on_the_Moon" title="A Man on the Moon"><i>A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts</i></a>. New York: Viking. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81446-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-81446-6"><bdi>978-0-670-81446-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/93048680">93048680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Man+on+the+Moon%3A+The+Voyages+of+the+Apollo+Astronauts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F93048680&rft.isbn=978-0-670-81446-6&rft.aulast=Chaikin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCompton" class="citation book cs1">Compton, William D. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4214/contents.html"><i>Where No Man Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1045558568">1045558568</a>. SP-4214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+No+Man+Has+Gone+Before%3A+A+History+of+Apollo+Lunar+Exploration+Missions&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1045558568&rft.aulast=Compton&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4214%2Fcontents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarland" class="citation book cs1">Harland, David M. (1999). <i>Exploring the Moon: The Apollo Expeditions</i>. Chichester, UK: Springer-Praxis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-099-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-099-6"><bdi>978-1-85233-099-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exploring+the+Moon%3A+The+Apollo+Expeditions&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Springer-Praxis&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85233-099-6&rft.aulast=Harland&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrwin" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">Irwin, James B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_(journalist)" title="William Emerson (journalist)">Emerson, William A. Jr.</a> (1973). <i>To Rule the Night: The Discovery Voyage of Astronaut Jim Irwin</i> (1st ed.). Philadelphia: A. J. Holman Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87981-024-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87981-024-5"><bdi>978-0-87981-024-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/73011410">73011410</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Rule+the+Night%3A+The+Discovery+Voyage+of+Astronaut+Jim+Irwin&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=A.+J.+Holman+Co.&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F73011410&rft.isbn=978-0-87981-024-5&rft.aulast=Irwin&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rft.au=Emerson%2C+William+A.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay" class="citation book cs1">Lindsay, Hamish (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/trackingapolloto0000lind"><i>Tracking Apollo to the Moon</i></a></span>. London: Springer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-212-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-212-9"><bdi>978-1-85233-212-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tracking+Apollo+to+the+Moon&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-85233-212-9&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftrackingapolloto0000lind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMission_Report" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf"><i>Apollo 15 Mission Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Houston: NASA. 1971. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35233631">35233631</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/ap15mr.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo+15+Mission+Report&rft.place=Houston&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35233631&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa15%2Fap15mr.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrloff2004" class="citation book cs1">Orloff, Richard W. (2004) [2000]. <i>Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference</i>. NASA History Series. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050631-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050631-4"><bdi>978-0-16-050631-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo+by+the+Numbers%3A+A+Statistical+Reference&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=NASA+History+Series&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-16-050631-4&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrloff_&_Harland" class="citation book cs1">Orloff, Richard W.; <a href="/wiki/David_M._Harland" title="David M. Harland">Harland, David M.</a> (2006). <i>Apollo: The Definitive Sourcebook</i>. Chichester, UK: Praxis Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-30043-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-30043-6"><bdi>978-0-387-30043-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo%3A+The+Definitive+Sourcebook&rft.place=Chichester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Praxis+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-387-30043-6&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft.au=Harland%2C+David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamkissoon" class="citation cs2">Ramkissoon, Reuben A. (2006), "An Astrophilatelic Rendering of the Conquest of Space: Part 3, Project Apollo – the Moon Landing Missions", <i>The Congress Book 2006</i>, State College, PA: American Philatelic Congress, Inc., pp. 191–211</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Astrophilatelic+Rendering+of+the+Conquest+of+Space%3A+Part+3%2C+Project+Apollo+%E2%80%93+the+Moon+Landing+Missions&rft.btitle=The+Congress+Book+2006&rft.place=State+College%2C+PA&rft.pages=191-211&rft.pub=American+Philatelic+Congress%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Ramkissoon&rft.aufirst=Reuben+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, David West (2002). <i>Apollo: The Epic Journey to the Moon, 1963–1972</i>. San Diego, CA: Tehabi Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4452-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-4452-1"><bdi>978-0-7603-4452-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo%3A+The+Epic+Journey+to+the+Moon%2C+1963%E2%80%931972&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+CA&rft.pub=Tehabi+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-4452-1&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David+West&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott_&_Leonov" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Scott" title="David Scott">Scott, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Leonov" title="Alexei Leonov">Leonov, Alexei</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/twosidesofmoon00scot"><i>Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race</i></a></span>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-5067-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-5067-6"><bdi>978-0-7434-5067-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Sides+of+the+Moon%3A+Our+Story+of+the+Cold+War+Space+Race&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7434-5067-6&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Leonov%2C+Alexei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwosidesofmoon00scot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlayton" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Slayton, Deke</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cassutt" title="Michael Cassutt">Cassutt, Michael</a> (2011) [1994]. <i>Deke!</i> (First E-book ed.). New York: Forge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-466-80214-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-466-80214-8"><bdi>978-1-466-80214-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deke%21&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+E-book&rft.pub=Forge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-466-80214-8&rft.aulast=Slayton&rft.aufirst=Deke&rft.au=Cassutt%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugust_3,_1972_hearing" class="citation web cs1">United States Senate Committee on Aeronautics and Space Sciences (August 3, 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hrg-1972-asp-0008_from_1_to_406/mode/1up">"Commercialization of Items Carried by Astronauts"</a>. United States Senate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commercialization+of+Items+Carried+by+Astronauts&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft.date=1972-08-03&rft.au=United+States+Senate+Committee+on+Aeronautics+and+Space+Sciences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhrg-1972-asp-0008_from_1_to_406%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_den_Bussche1980" class="citation book cs1">Van den Bussche, Willy (1980). <i>Paul van Hoeydonck</i>. Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-209-0885-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-209-0885-5"><bdi>978-90-209-0885-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+van+Hoeydonck&rft.place=Tielt%2C+Belgium&rft.pub=Lannoo&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-90-209-0885-5&rft.aulast=Van+den+Bussche&rft.aufirst=Willy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinick" class="citation journal cs1">Winick, Les (1973). "The Apollo 15 Cover Story". <i>COMPEX</i>: 71–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=COMPEX&rft.atitle=The+Apollo+15+Cover+Story&rft.pages=71-89&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Winick&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorden" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Worden" title="Alfred Worden">Worden, Al</a>; <a href="/wiki/Francis_French_(author)" title="Francis French (author)">French, Francis</a> (2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fallingtoearthap0000word"><i>Falling to Earth: An Apollo 15 Astronaut's Journey</i></a></span>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58834-309-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58834-309-3"><bdi>978-1-58834-309-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011003440">2011003440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Falling+to+Earth%3A+An+Apollo+15+Astronaut%27s+Journey&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011003440&rft.isbn=978-1-58834-309-3&rft.aulast=Worden&rft.aufirst=Al&rft.au=French%2C+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffallingtoearthap0000word&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+15" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_15&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Manned_Spacecraft_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned Spacecraft Center">Manned Spacecraft Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/mapcatalog/LPST/41b4s4/">Apollo 15 Traverses</a>, 41B4S4(25), Lunar Photomap at Lunar and Planetary Institute</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/apsr/apsr.htm">1975 summary report</a> by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collectspace.com/resources/flown_a15_articlescarried.html">1972 NASA press releases</a> at <a href="/wiki/CollectSPACE" title="CollectSPACE">collectSPACE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4204/contents.html"><i>Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations</i></a>, a 1978 book published by NASA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/IntheMountainsOfTheMoonApollo15">Part 1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/InTheMountainsOfTheMoon">part 2</a> of <i>Apollo 15: In the Mountains of the Moon</i>, a NASA <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> on the Apollo 15 mission, at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706030936/http://astrotalkuk.org/2011/07/04/episode-45-4th-july-2011-apollo-15-command-module-pilot-al-worden/">2011 podcast interview</a> with AstrotalkUK</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160805175025/https://medium.com/learning-for-life/to-see-earth-and-moon-in-a-single-glance-89d094f6d40f">2016 interview with Worden</a> at <a href="/wiki/Medium_(website)" title="Medium (website)">Medium</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apollo_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apollo_program" title="Template:Apollo program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apollo_program" title="Template talk:Apollo program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apollo_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apollo program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apollo_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">List of missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Apollo_missions" title="Canceled Apollo missions">canceled missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_34" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 34">Launch Complex 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_37" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 37">Launch Complex 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">B</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_program.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Apollo program"><img alt="Emblem of the Apollo program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_program.svg/70px-Apollo_program.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_program.svg/105px-Apollo_program.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_program.svg/140px-Apollo_program.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center#Gemini_and_Apollo_(1965-1975)" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Kennedy Air Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">Crawler-transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_II" title="Little Joe II">Little Joe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">Saturn I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">Saturn IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft and rover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_(spacecraft)" title="Apollo (spacecraft)">Apollo spacecraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command and Service Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AS-101" title="AS-101">AS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-102" title="AS-102">AS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-201" title="AS-201">AS-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-202" title="AS-202">AS-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_4" title="Apollo 4">Apollo 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_5" title="Apollo 5">Apollo 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_6" title="Apollo 6">Apollo 6</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_1" title="Apollo 1">Apollo 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_7" title="Apollo 7">Apollo 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">Apollo 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">Apollo 14</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saturn<br />development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-1" title="Saturn I SA-1">Saturn-Apollo 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-2" title="Saturn I SA-2">SA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-3" title="Saturn I SA-3">SA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-4" title="Saturn I SA-4">SA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-5" title="Saturn I SA-5">SA-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-203" title="AS-203">AS-203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_4" title="Apollo 4">Apollo 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_6" title="Apollo 6">Apollo 6</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_abort_modes" title="Apollo abort modes">Abort tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_II_Qualification_Test_Vehicle" title="Little Joe II Qualification Test Vehicle">QTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort_Test_1" title="Pad Abort Test 1">Pad Abort Test-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-001" title="A-001">A-001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-002" title="A-002">A-002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-003" title="A-003">A-003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort_Test_2" title="Pad Abort Test 2">Pad Abort Test-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-004" title="A-004">A-004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(satellite)" title="Pegasus (satellite)">Pegasus</a> flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AS-103" title="AS-103">AS-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-104" title="AS-104">AS-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-105" title="AS-105">AS-105</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 8 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Genesis reading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 11 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_module_Columbia" title="Command module Columbia">Command Module <i>Columbia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Module_Eagle" title="Lunar Module Eagle">Lunar Module <i>Eagle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquility_Base" title="Tranquility Base">Tranquility Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(lunar_crater)" title="Double (lunar crater)">Double crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_West_(lunar_crater)" title="Little West (lunar crater)">Little West crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 11 lunar sample display">Lunar sample displays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_missing_tapes" title="Apollo 11 missing tapes">Missing tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Anniversaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_50th_Anniversary_commemorative_coins" title="Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins">50th Anniversary commemorative coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_in_popular_culture" title="Apollo 11 in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 12 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Cognitum#Statio_Cognitum" title="Mare Cognitum">Statio Cognitum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">Surveyor 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_(crater)" title="Surveyor (crater)">Surveyor crater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_Crater_meteorite" title="Bench Crater meteorite">Bench Crater meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J002E3" title="J002E3">J002E3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Museum" title="Moon Museum">Moon Museum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reports_of_Streptococcus_mitis_on_the_Moon" title="Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon">Reports of <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> on the Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 13 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_we_have_a_problem" title="Houston, we have a problem">"Houston, we've had a problem"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 14 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Equipment_Transporter" title="Modular Equipment Transporter">Modular Equipment Transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_Mauro_formation" title="Fra Mauro formation">Fra Mauro formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bertha_(lunar_sample)" title="Big Bertha (lunar sample)">Big Bertha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 15 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon" title="Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon">Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface" title="Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface">Lunar operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_operations_of_Apollo_15" title="Solo operations of Apollo 15">Solo operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Apollo_15_to_Earth" title="Return of Apollo 15 to Earth">Return to Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley%E2%80%93Apennine" title="Hadley–Apennine">Hadley–Apennine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Scott_(lunar_sample)" title="Great Scott (lunar sample)">Great Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_Rille_meteorite" title="Hadley Rille meteorite">Hadley Rille meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seatbelt_basalt" title="Seatbelt basalt">Seatbelt basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Postal covers incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 16 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Muley" title="Big Muley">Big Muley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 17 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus%E2%80%93Littrow" title="Taurus–Littrow">Taurus–Littrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy%27s_Rock" title="Tracy's Rock">Tracy's Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen-Apollo_(crater)" title="Nansen-Apollo (crater)">Nansen-Apollo crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorty_(crater)" title="Shorty (crater)">Shorty crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 17 lunar sample display">Lunar sample display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_basalt_70017" title="Lunar basalt 70017">Lunar basalt 70017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite_76535" title="Troctolite 76535">Troctolite 76535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALSE" title="ALSE">Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Post-Apollo</a><br />capsule use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_2" title="Skylab 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_3" title="Skylab 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_4" title="Skylab 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit_rendezvous" title="Lunar orbit rendezvous">Lunar orbit rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">Stolen and missing Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure or partial failure</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lunar_landing_missions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#CCCCCC;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lunar_landers" title="Template:Lunar landers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lunar_landers" title="Template talk:Lunar landers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lunar_landers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lunar landers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lunar_landing_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_lander" title="Lunar lander">Lunar landing</a> missions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#CCCCCC;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">none</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#CCCCCC;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#CCCCCC;;width:1%">Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#CCCCCC;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">IV</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">V</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">VI</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">VII</a> (2032)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost_lunar_lander" title="Firefly Aerospace">Blue Ghost M1</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Blue_Ghost_lunar_lander" title="Firefly Aerospace">M2</a> (2026)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-3" class="mw-redirect" title="IM-3">IM-3</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">28</a> (2030)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (<a href="/wiki/SpaceIL" title="SpaceIL">SpaceIL</a>, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace</a>, 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">M3</a> (2026)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#CCCCCC;;width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="CLPS" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">CLPS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Redwire#Deep_Space_Systems" title="Redwire">Redwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#Genesis_lunar_lander" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Express" title="Moon Express">MoonEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond#Z-01" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (propulsion module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Lunar_subsatellite">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">(Chandrayaan-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a></i> (2031)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">Artemis VII</a></i> (2032)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VIII">Artemis VIII</a></i> (2033)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">Luna 30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">Luna 31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1970Orbital_launches_in_19711972_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1971" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1971"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1971" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1971"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1971" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1971"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1970Orbital_launches_in_19711972_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1970_in_spaceflight" title="1970 in spaceflight">← 1970</a></div><a href="/wiki/1971_in_spaceflight" title="1971 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1971</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1972_in_spaceflight" title="1972 in spaceflight">1972 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_390&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 390 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_391" title="Kosmos 391">Kosmos 391</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_1-07&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor 1-07 (page does not exist)">Meteor 1-07</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_392&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 392 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 392</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7776&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7776 (page does not exist)">OPS 7776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_IV_F-2" title="Intelsat IV F-2">Intelsat IV F-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_393" title="Kosmos 393">Kosmos 393</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">Apollo 14</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NATO-2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NATO-2B (page does not exist)">NATO-2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_394" title="Kosmos 394">Kosmos 394</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tansei_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tansei 1 (page does not exist)">Tansei 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5268&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5268 (page does not exist)">OPS 5268</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calsphere_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calsphere 3 (page does not exist)">Calsphere 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calsphere_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calsphere 4 (page does not exist)">Calsphere 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calsphere_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calsphere 5 (page does not exist)">Calsphere 5</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=KH-4B_No.1113&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KH-4B No.1113 (page does not exist)">KH-4B No.1113</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_395&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 395 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_396" title="Kosmos 396">Kosmos 396</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_397&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 397 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_398" title="Kosmos 398">Kosmos 398</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 399 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 399</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shijian_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shijian I (page does not exist)">Shijian I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-Yu_No.39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-Yu No.39 (page does not exist)">DS-P1-Yu No.39</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=March_1971_Voskhod_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="March 1971 Voskhod launch failure (page does not exist)">Zenit-2M</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_2KS_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka 2KS No.3 (page does not exist)">Nauka 2KS No.3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_43" title="Explorer 43">Explorer 43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_400" title="Kosmos 400">Kosmos 400</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4788 (page does not exist)">OPS 4788</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5300&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5300 (page does not exist)">OPS 5300</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 401 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 401</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISIS_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISIS 2 (page does not exist)">ISIS 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_402&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 402 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 402</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_403&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 403 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 403</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_404&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 404 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 404</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_405&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 405 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 405</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_406&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 406 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 406</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tournesol_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tournesol (satellite) (page does not exist)">Tournesol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_1-08&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor 1-08 (page does not exist)">Meteor 1-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_1" title="Salyut 1">Salyut 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7899&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7899 (page does not exist)">OPS 7899</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_10" title="Soyuz 10">Soyuz 10</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_407&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 407 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 407</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Marco_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Marco 3 (page does not exist)">San Marco 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_408" title="Kosmos 408">Kosmos 408</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_409&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 409 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 409</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3811&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3811 (page does not exist)">OPS 3811</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_410&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 410 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 410</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_411&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 411 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 411</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_412&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 412 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 412</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_413&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 413 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 413</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_414&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 414 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 414</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_415&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 415 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 415</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_416&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 416 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 416</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_417&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 417 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 417</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_418&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 418 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 418</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mariner_8" title="Mariner 8">Mariner 8</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_419" title="Kosmos 419">Kosmos 419</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_420&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 420 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_421" title="Kosmos 421">Kosmos 421</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2" title="Mars 2">Mars 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_422&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 422 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_423" title="Kosmos 423">Kosmos 423</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_424&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 424 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_3" title="Mars 3">Mars 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_424&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 424 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 424</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_426" title="Kosmos 426">Kosmos 426</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_11" title="Soyuz 11">Soyuz 11</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SESP-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SESP-1 (page does not exist)">SESP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_427&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 427 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 427</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8709&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8709 (page does not exist)">OPS 8709</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_428&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 428 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 428</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_1975_Voskhod_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June 1975 Voskhod launch failure (page does not exist)">Zenit-2M</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=N1_N6L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N1 N6L (page does not exist)">Soyuz 7K-LOK mockup</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_44" class="mw-redirect" title="Explorer 44">Explorer 44</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_1-09&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor 1-09 (page does not exist)">Meteor 1-09</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8373&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8373 (page does not exist)">OPS 8373</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_429&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 429 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 429</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos-3M_Yu149-32&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos-3M Yu149-32 (page does not exist)">Tselina-OM</a> </i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_430&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 430 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 430</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 15</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/PFS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="PFS-1">PFS-1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_1-18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 1-18 (page does not exist)">Molniya 1-18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 431 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 431</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-Yu_No.33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-Yu No.33 (page does not exist)">DS-P1-Yu No.33</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 432 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 432</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OV1-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OV1-20 (page does not exist)">OV1-20</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=LOADS-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LOADS-2 (page does not exist)">LOADS-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OV1-21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OV1-21 (page does not exist)">OV1-21</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Radar_Tracking_Density_Satellite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radar Tracking Density Satellite (page does not exist)">RTDS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_Calibration_Sphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln Calibration Sphere (page does not exist)">LCS 4</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridsphere_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gridsphere 1 (page does not exist)">Gridsphere 1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridsphere_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gridsphere 2 (page does not exist)">Gridsphere 2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gridsphere_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gridsphere B (page does not exist)">Gridsphere B</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rigidsphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rigidsphere (page does not exist)">Rigidsphere</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_433&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 433 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_434" title="Kosmos 434">Kosmos 434</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8607&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8607 (page does not exist)">OPS 8607</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eole_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eole (satellite) (page does not exist)">Eole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=August_1971_Voskhod_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August 1971 Voskhod launch failure (page does not exist)">Zenit-4M</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_435" title="Kosmos 435">Kosmos 435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">Luna 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_436&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 436 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 436</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_437&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 437 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 437</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5454&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5454 (page does not exist)">OPS 5454</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7681&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7681 (page does not exist)">OPS 7681</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_438&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 438 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 438</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_439&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 439 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_440" title="Kosmos 440">Kosmos 440</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinsei_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinsei (satellite) (page does not exist)">Shinsei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_441&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 441 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 441</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">Luna 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSO_7" title="OSO 7">OSO 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TETR-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TETR-4 (page does not exist)">TETR-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_442&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 442 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 442</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_443&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 443 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 443</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_444&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 444 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 444</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_445&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 445 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 445</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_446&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 446 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 446</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_447&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 447 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 447</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_448&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 448 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 448</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_449&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 449 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 449</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_450&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 450 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 450</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_451&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 451 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 451</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4311&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4311 (page does not exist)">OPS 4311</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_452&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 452 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 452</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Space_Technology_Experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advanced Space Technology Experiment (page does not exist)">ASTEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_453" title="Kosmos 453">Kosmos 453</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITOS-B" title="ITOS-B">ITOS-B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7616&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7616 (page does not exist)">OPS 7616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospero_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prospero (satellite)">Prospero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_454&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 454 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 454</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3431&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3431 (page does not exist)">OPS 3431</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_9432&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 9432 (page does not exist)">OPS 9432</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=STV-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STV-4 (page does not exist)">STV-4</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_45" title="Explorer 45">Explorer 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_455" title="Kosmos 455">Kosmos 455</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_456&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 456 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 456</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_457&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 457 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 457</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_2-01&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 2-01 (page does not exist)">Molniya 2-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_458" title="Kosmos 458">Kosmos 458</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_459" title="Kosmos 459">Kosmos 459</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_460&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 460 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 460</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interkosmos_5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interkosmos 5 (page does not exist)">Interkosmos 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_461" title="Kosmos 461">Kosmos 461</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_462&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 462 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 462</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1971_Voskhod_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="December 1971 Voskhod launch failure (page does not exist)">Zenit-2M</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nauka_5KS_No.2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nauka 5KS No.2 (page does not exist)">Nauka 5KS No.2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas-Agena_5503A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas-Agena 5503A (page does not exist)">Canyon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polaire_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polaire (satellite) (page does not exist)">Polaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_463&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 463 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 463</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_464&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 464 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 464</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_4" title="Ariel 4">Ariel 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7898_Payload_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7898 Payload 2 (page does not exist)">OPS 7898 PL-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7898_Payload_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7898 Payload 1 (page does not exist)">OPS 7898 PL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7898_Payload_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7898 Payload 3 (page does not exist)">OPS 7898 PL-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7898_Payload_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7898 Payload 4 (page does not exist)">OPS 7898 PL-4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_465&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 465 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 465</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_466&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 466 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 466</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_467" title="Kosmos 467">Kosmos 467</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_468&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 468 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 468</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya_1-19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya 1-19 (page does not exist)">Molniya 1-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_IV_F-3" title="Intelsat IV F-3">Intelsat IV F-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_469&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 469 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 469</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_470&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 470 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 470</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oreol_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oreol 1 (page does not exist)">Oreol 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor_1-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor 1-10 (page does not exist)">Meteor 1-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in <u>underline</u>. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in <i>italics</i>. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lunar_rovers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lunar_rovers" title="Template:Lunar rovers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lunar_rovers" title="Template talk:Lunar rovers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lunar_rovers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lunar rovers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lunar_rovers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Lunar rovers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></i> (2019–present, on <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">Chang'e 4</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme#Lunokhod_201" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod 0 (1A)</a><sup>†</sup> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a> (1970–1971, on <a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">Luna 17</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">Lunokhod 2</a> (1973, on <a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">Luna 21</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> (1971, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 15</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">LRV-2</a> (1972, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">LRV-3</a> (1972, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></i> (2013–2016, on <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6"><i>Yidong Xiangji</i></a> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Chang'e 6</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan</a></i><sup>†</sup> (2019, on <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">Pragyan</a></i> (2023, on <a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Rashid_(lunar_rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid (lunar rover)">Rashid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rashid_(lunar_rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid (lunar rover)">Rashid</a></i><sup>†</sup> (2022–2023, on <a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/CubeRover" title="CubeRover">Iris</a></i><sup>†</sup> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmena" title="Colmena">Colmena</a> × 5<sup>†</sup> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a><sup>†</sup> (2022–2023, on <a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R Mission 1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a> (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>) (2024, on <a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRanger" class="mw-redirect" title="MoonRanger">MoonRanger</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Rashid_(lunar_rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashid (lunar rover)">Rashid 2</a></i>) (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>TENACIOUS</i> (on <a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATHLETE" title="ATHLETE">ATHLETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTScientists" class="mw-redirect" title="PTScientists">Audi Lunar Quattro ×2 (PTScientists)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Systems" title="Deep Space Systems">Deep Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond#ECA_rover" title="OrbitBeyond">ECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Grunt rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">LUPEX rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Express" title="Moon Express">Moon Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Icebreaker_to_the_north_pole" title="Astrobotic Technology">Polaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarab_(rover)" title="Scarab (rover)">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Space Exploration Vehicle">Space Exploration Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puli_Space_Technologies" title="Puli Space Technologies">Team Puli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme#Lunokhod_3" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod 3</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tank_on_the_Moon" title="Tank on the Moon">Tank on the Moon</a></i> (2007 documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_rover" title="Mars rover">Mars rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(space_exploration)" title="Rover (space exploration)">Rover (space exploration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extraterrestrial_rovers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extraterrestrial rovers">List of extraterrestrial rovers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#DDDDDD;"><div>Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NASA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NASA"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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