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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Redefinition_and_naming_as_Artemis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Redefinition and naming as Artemis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Redefinition_and_naming_as_Artemis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_I_(2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_I_(2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Artemis I (2022) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_I_(2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_II_(2025)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_II_(2025)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Artemis II (2025) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_II_(2025)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4.1 Crew </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_III_(2026)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_III_(2026)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Artemis III (2026) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_III_(2026)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Instruments_and_payloads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments_and_payloads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5.1 Instruments and payloads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments_and_payloads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_IV_(2028)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_IV_(2028)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Artemis IV (2028) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_IV_(2028)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_V_(2030)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_V_(2030)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Artemis V (2030) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_V_(2030)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_VI_(2031)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_VI_(2031)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Artemis VI (2031) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_VI_(2031)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporting_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporting_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Supporting programs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supporting_programs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Supporting programs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Supporting_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Commercial Lunar Payload Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_contractors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_contractors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 International contractors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_contractors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_Accords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_Accords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Artemis Accords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_Accords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration_Ground_Systems_(EGS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration_Ground_Systems_(EGS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration_Ground_Systems_(EGS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gateway_Logistics_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gateway_Logistics_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Gateway Logistics Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gateway_Logistics_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporting_Earth-launch_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporting_Earth-launch_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Supporting Earth-launch vehicles </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Supporting_Earth-launch_vehicles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Supporting Earth-launch vehicles subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Supporting_Earth-launch_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Space_Launch_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_Launch_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Space Launch System </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_Launch_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SpaceX_Starship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SpaceX_Starship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 SpaceX Starship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SpaceX_Starship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falcon_Heavy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falcon_Heavy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Falcon Heavy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falcon_Heavy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CLPS_launchers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CLPS_launchers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 CLPS launchers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CLPS_launchers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_vehicles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_vehicles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Space vehicles </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Space_vehicles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Space vehicles subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Space_vehicles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Orion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dragon_XL" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dragon_XL"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Dragon XL </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dragon_XL-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_Landing_System_(HLS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_Landing_System_(HLS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Human Landing System (HLS) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_Landing_System_(HLS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_developmental_history_of_the_HLS_vehicle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_developmental_history_of_the_HLS_vehicle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Early developmental history of the HLS vehicle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_developmental_history_of_the_HLS_vehicle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Starship_HLS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Starship_HLS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Starship HLS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Starship_HLS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blue_Origin_HLS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blue_Origin_HLS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.3 Blue Origin HLS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blue_Origin_HLS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_Gateway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_Gateway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Lunar Gateway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_Gateway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astronauts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronauts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Astronauts </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Astronauts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Astronauts subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Astronauts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artemis_team" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_team"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Artemis team </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_team-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Planned_surface_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planned_surface_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Planned surface operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Planned_surface_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Planned surface operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Planned_surface_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transportation_on_the_Moon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_on_the_Moon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Transportation on the Moon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation_on_the_Moon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Landing_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landing_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 Landing zone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landing_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ground_transportation_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ground_transportation_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 Ground transportation development </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ground_transportation_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shelter_building_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shelter_building_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Shelter building construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shelter_building_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foundational_Surface_Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundational_Surface_Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Foundational Surface Habitat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundational_Surface_Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resource_prospecting_and_research_programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resource_prospecting_and_research_programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Resource prospecting and research programs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resource_prospecting_and_research_programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pressurized_rover_("Mobile_Habitat")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressurized_rover_("Mobile_Habitat")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Pressurized rover ("Mobile Habitat") </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressurized_rover_("Mobile_Habitat")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialized_lunar_equipment_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialized_lunar_equipment_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Specialized lunar equipment development </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specialized_lunar_equipment_development-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Specialized lunar equipment development subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Specialized_lunar_equipment_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artemis_space_suits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_space_suits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Artemis space suits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_space_suits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commercial_spacesuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_spacesuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1.1 Commercial spacesuits </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_spacesuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_flights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_flights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Artemis flights </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Artemis_flights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Artemis flights subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Artemis_flights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orion_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orion_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Orion testing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orion_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_I–VI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_I–VI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Artemis I–VI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_I–VI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artemis_VII–XI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artemis_VII–XI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Artemis VII–XI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artemis_VII–XI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_missions_schedule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_missions_schedule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Support missions schedule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_missions_schedule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Artemis program</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis-program" title="Artemis-program – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Artemis-program" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3" title="برنامج أرتيمس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="برنامج أرتيمس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Artemis" title="Programa Artemis – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Programa Artemis" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemida_proqram%C4%B1" title="Artemida proqramı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Artemida proqramı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF" title="আর্টেমিস কর্মসূচি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আর্টেমিস কর্মসূচি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Артемида (програма) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артемида (програма)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Artemis program" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programm_Artemis" title="Programm Artemis – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Programm Artemis" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Artemis" title="Programa Artemis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Programa Artemis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Артемида (космос программи) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Артемида (космос программи)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis-Programm" title="Artemis-Programm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artemis-Programm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemise_programm" title="Artemise programm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Artemise programm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%86%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Πρόγραμμα Άρτεμις – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόγραμμα Άρτεμις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Artemis" title="Programa Artemis – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Programa Artemis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programo_Artemis" title="Programo Artemis – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Programo Artemis" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_programa" title="Artemis programa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artemis programa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="برنامه فضایی آرتمیس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برنامه فضایی آرتمیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programme_Artemis" title="Programme Artemis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Programme Artemis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B3%84%ED%9A%8D" title="아르테미스 계획 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르테미스 계획" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE" title="आर्टेमिस कार्यक्रम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आर्टेमिस कार्यक्रम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programma_Artemis" title="Programma Artemis – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Programma Artemis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1" title="תוכנית ארטמיס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוכנית ארטמיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programma_Artemis" title="Programma Artemis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Programma Artemis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis-program" title="Artemis-program – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Artemis-program" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Вселенска програма Артемис – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вселенска програма Артемис" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആർട്ടെമിസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആർട്ടെമിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisprogramma" title="Artemisprogramma – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artemisprogramma" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9%E8%A8%88%E7%94%BB" title="アルテミス計画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルテミス計画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis-programmet" title="Artemis-programmet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artemis-programmet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آرتمیس پروگرام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرتمیس پروگرام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آرتمیس فضايي پروګرام – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آرتمیس فضايي پروګرام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_Artemis" title="Programa Artemis – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Programa Artemis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programul_Artemis" title="Programul Artemis – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Programul Artemis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Артемида (космическая программа) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артемида (космическая программа)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1" title="ආර්ටිමිස් වැඩසටහන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආර්ටිමිස් වැඩසටහන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Artemis program" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Artemis" title="Program Artemis – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Program Artemis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_(avaruusohjelma)" title="Artemis (avaruusohjelma) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Artemis (avaruusohjelma)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemisprogrammet" title="Artemisprogrammet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Artemisprogrammet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="โครงการอาร์ทิมิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โครงการอาร์ทิมิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemis_Program%C4%B1" title="Artemis Programı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Artemis Programı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Артеміда (космічна програма) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артеміда (космічна програма)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="آرتمیس پروگرام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آرتمیس پروگرام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_tr%C3%ACnh_Artemis" title="Chương trình Artemis – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">NASA-led lunar exploration program</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the NASA Moon program. For the goddess, see <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Artemis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Artemis (disambiguation)">Artemis (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Artemis program</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_program_(original_with_wordmark).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An arrowhead combined with a depiction of a trans-lunar injection trajectory forms an "A", with an "Artemis" wordmark printed underneath" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/150px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/225px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/300px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="185" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Program overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data location">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> and partners: <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>, <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Aerospace_Center" title="German Aerospace Center">DLR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Space_Agency" title="Italian Space Agency">ASI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Space_Agency" title="Israel Space Agency">ISA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Space_Centre" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre">MBRSC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Sustainable crewed <a href="/wiki/Lunar_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar exploration">lunar exploration</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Ongoing</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Program history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cost</th><td class="infobox-data">US$93+ billion (2012–2025), $53 billion in 2021-2025<a href="#cite_note-NASA_OIG_2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2017; 7 years ago (2017)–present<a href="#cite_note-Artemis_home20190519-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> (16 November 2022, 06:47:44 UTC)<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221108-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First crewed flight</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (<abbr title="no earlier than">NET</abbr> September 2025)<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starbase" title="SpaceX Starbase">Starbase</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Vehicle information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crewed vehicle(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">4<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch vehicle(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a><a href="#cite_note-nsf-20170406-7">[7]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa20221117-8">[8]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li><li>Commercial launch vehicles<a href="#cite_note-verge20190718-9">[9]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Space_program_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Space program of the United States">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding: 0 0.2em; font-size: 120%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">United States space program</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/90px-NASA_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/135px-NASA_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/NASA_logo.svg/180px-NASA_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="110" data-file-height="92" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg/90px-United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg/135px-United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg/180px-United_States_Space_Force_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="350" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px; font-size: 95%"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">U.S. Space Force</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Human spaceflight programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle-Mir_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Mir Program">Shuttle–Mir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_program" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station program">International Space Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Robotic spaceflight programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">CRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">GLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Strategic_Science_Missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Large Strategic Science Missions">Large Strategic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_program" class="mw-redirect" title="New Millennium program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Planetary Missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office#Solar_System_Exploration" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Solar System Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Vanguard" title="Project Vanguard">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-37" title="Boeing X-37">X-37</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Spaceports</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Range" title="Eastern Range">Eastern Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallops_Flight_Facility" title="Wallops Flight Facility">Wallops Flight Facility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_Regional_Spaceport" title="Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport">Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Spaceport_Complex_%E2%80%93_Alaska" title="Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska">Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Range_(USSF)" title="Western Range (USSF)">Western Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems#United_States" title="List of orbital launch systems">Space launch vehicles</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_III" title="Minotaur III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">National security space</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Command" title="United States Space Command">United States Space Command</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Civil space</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy_national_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy national laboratories">Department of Energy national laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Commercial_Space_Transportation" title="Office of Commercial Space Transportation">Office of Commercial Space Transportation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Environmental_Satellite,_Data,_and_Information_Service" title="National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service">National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Space_Commerce" title="Office of Space Commerce">Office of Space Commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Weather_Prediction_Center" title="Space Weather Prediction Center">Space Weather Prediction Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Economic_Growth,_Energy,_and_the_Environment" title="Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment">Department of State Office of Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Science_and_Technology_Policy" title="Office of Science and Technology Policy">Office of Science and Technology Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; background: transparent; text-align: left; padding-left: 5px; padding-top: 3px;color: var(--color-base)">Commercial space industry</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)" title="Astra (American spaceflight company)">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigelow_Aerospace" title="Bigelow Aerospace">Bigelow Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Space" title="Lockheed Martin Space">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Intelligence_%26_Space" title="Raytheon Intelligence & Space">Raytheon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems">Northrop Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSL_(company)" title="SSL (company)">SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Orbit" title="Virgin Orbit">Virgin Orbit</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Template:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Template talk:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States space program sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Artemis program is a <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon exploration</a> program led by the United States' <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> (NASA), formally established in 2017 via <a href="/wiki/Space_Policy_Directive_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Space Policy Directive 1">Space Policy Directive 1</a>. It is intended to reestablish a human presence on the Moon for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> mission in 1972. The program's stated long-term goal is to establish a <a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">permanent base on the Moon</a> to facilitate <a href="/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars" title="Human mission to Mars">human missions to Mars</a>. Two principal elements of the Artemis program are derived from the now-cancelled <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a> (SLS) (as a reincarnation of <a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a>). Other elements of the program, such as the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway space station</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Human_Landing_System" title="Human Landing System">Human Landing System</a>, are in development by <a href="/wiki/List_of_government_space_agencies" title="List of government space agencies">government space agencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">private spaceflight</a> companies, collaborations bound by the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Accords" title="Artemis Accords">Artemis Accords</a> and governmental contracts. The Space Launch System, Orion spacecraft and the Human Landing System form the main <a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">spaceflight</a> infrastructure for Artemis, and the Lunar Gateway plays a supporting role in human habitation. Supporting infrastructures for Artemis include the <a href="#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">development of ground infrastructures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Base_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis Base Camp">Artemis Base Camp</a> on the Moon, Moon rovers, and spacesuits. Some aspects of the program have been criticized, such as the use of a <a href="/wiki/Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit" title="Near-rectilinear halo orbit">near-rectilinear halo orbit</a> and the program's sustainability. Orion's first launch on the Space Launch System was originally set in 2016, but faced numerous delays; it launched on 16 November 2022 as the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> mission, with robots and mannequins aboard. According to plan, the crewed <a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> launch is expected to take place in late 2025, the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> crewed lunar landing is scheduled for late 2026, the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> docking with the Lunar Gateway is planned for late 2028, the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> docking with the European Space Agency's <a href="/wiki/European_System_Providing_Refueling,_Infrastructure_and_Telecommunications" title="European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications">ESPRIT</a>, Canada's Canadarm3, and NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a> is planned for early 2030, and the Artemis VI docking which is expected to integrate the <a href="/wiki/Crew_and_Science_Airlock_Module" title="Crew and Science Airlock Module">Crew and Science Airlock</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Gateway_space_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway space station">Lunar Gateway station</a> is planned for early 2031. After Artemis VI, NASA plans yearly landings on the Moon from then on. However, the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Inspector General">NASA Inspector General</a> has called the schedules unrealistic. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Phase_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artemis_Phase_1.jpg/570px-Artemis_Phase_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="570" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artemis_Phase_1.jpg/855px-Artemis_Phase_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artemis_Phase_1.jpg/1140px-Artemis_Phase_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption>Planned missions of Artemis program</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spaceships.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Spaceships.svg/260px-Spaceships.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Spaceships.svg/390px-Spaceships.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Spaceships.svg/520px-Spaceships.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3433" data-file-height="4519" /></a><figcaption>Currently operational crewed spacecraft (at least orbital class)</figcaption></figure> The Artemis program is organized around a series of SLS missions. These space missions will increase in complexity and are scheduled to occur at intervals of a year or more. NASA and its partners have planned Artemis I through Artemis V missions; later Artemis missions have also been proposed. Each SLS mission centers on the launch of an SLS launch vehicle carrying an <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a>. Missions after Artemis II will depend on support missions launched by other organizations and spacecraft for support functions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SLS_missions">SLS missions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: SLS missions">edit</a>]</div> Artemis I (2022) was the successful uncrewed test of the SLS and Orion, and was the first test flight for both craft.<a href="#cite_note-10">[i]</a> The Artemis I mission placed Orion into a lunar orbit and then returned to Earth. The SLS Block 1 design uses the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Cryogenic_Propulsion_Stage" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage">Interim Cryogenic Propulsion Stage</a> (ICPS) second stage, which performs the trans-lunar injection burn to send Orion to lunar space. For Artemis I, Orion braked into a polar distant retrograde <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a> and remained for about six days before boosting back toward Earth. The Orion capsule separated from its service module, re-entered the atmosphere for <a href="/wiki/Aerobraking" title="Aerobraking">aerobraking</a>, and splashed down in the Pacific Ocean under parachutes.<a href="#cite_note-SFN20200518-11">[10]</a> Artemis II (2025) is planned to be the first crewed test flight of SLS and the Orion spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a> The four crew members will perform extensive testing in Earth orbit, and Orion will then be boosted into a <a href="/wiki/Circumlunar_trajectory" title="Circumlunar trajectory">free-return trajectory around the Moon</a>, which will return Orion to Earth for re-entry and splashdown. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than September 2025.<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026) is planned to be the first American crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17 in December 1972.<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a> The mission depends on a support mission to place a <a href="/wiki/Starship_Human_Landing_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Starship Human Landing System">Starship Human Landing System</a> (HLS) in a <a href="/wiki/Near-rectilinear_halo_orbit" title="Near-rectilinear halo orbit">near-rectilinear halo orbit</a> (NRHO) of the Moon prior to the launch of SLS/Orion. After Starship HLS reaches NRHO, SLS/Orion will send the Orion spacecraft with a crew of four to dock with HLS.<a href="#cite_note-12">[ii]</a> Two astronauts will transfer to HLS, which will descend to the lunar surface and spend about 6.5 days on the surface.<a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> The astronauts will perform at least two <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">Extravehicular Activities</a> (EVAs) on the surface before the HLS ascends to return them to a rendezvous with Orion. Orion will return the four astronauts to Earth. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than September 2026.<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> (2028) is planned to be the second crewed lunar landing mission. Orion and an upgraded <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> will dock with the Lunar Gateway station in NRHO prior to the landing. A prior support mission will deliver the first two Lunar Gateway modules to NRHO. The extra power of this mission's SLS Block 1B will allow it to deliver the I-HAB Gateway module for connection to the Lunar Gateway. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than September 2028.<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn-20221030-15">[13]</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> (2030) is planned to be the third crewed lunar landing, which will deliver four astronauts to the Lunar Gateway station. The mission will deliver the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/European_System_Providing_Refueling,_Infrastructure_and_Telecommunications" title="European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications">ESPRIT</a> refueling and communications module and <a href="/wiki/Canadarm3" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm3">Canadarm3</a>, a Canadian-built robotic arm system for the Gateway. Also delivered will be NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a>. Launch is scheduled for no earlier than March 2030.<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> The mission will also be the first to use <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> lander to take astronauts to the Moon's surface. <a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a> (2031) is planned to be the fourth crewed lunar landing, which will integrate the <a href="/wiki/Crew_and_Science_Airlock_Module" title="Crew and Science Airlock Module">Crew and Science Airlock</a> with the Gateway space station.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> Launch is scheduled for no earlier than March 2031.<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> As of 2024, the Airlock module is under construction.<a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_missions">Support missions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Support missions">edit</a>]</div> Support missions include robotic landers, delivery of Gateway modules, Gateway logistics, delivery of the HLS, and delivery of elements of the Moon base. Most of these missions are executed under NASA contracts to commercial providers. Under the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a> (CLPS) program, several robotic landers will deliver scientific instruments and robotic rovers to the lunar surface after Artemis I. Additional CLPS missions are planned throughout the Artemis program to deliver payloads to the Moon base. These include habitat modules and rovers in support of crewed missions. A Human Landing System (HLS) is a spacecraft that can convey crew members from NRHO to the lunar surface, support them on the surface, and return them to NRHO. Each crewed landing needs one HLS, although some or all of the spacecraft may be reusable. Each HLS must be launched from Earth and delivered to NRHO in one or more launches. The initial commercial contract was awarded to SpaceX for two Starship HLS missions, one uncrewed and one crewed as part of Artemis III. These two missions each require one HLS launch and multiple fueling launches, all on <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">SpaceX Starship</a> launchers. NASA later exercised an option under the initial contract to commission an upgraded Starship HLS for Artemis IV and a separate contract to <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> to develop a third crewed lunar lander, which will make its first crewed flight as part of the Artemis V mission. The first two Gateway modules (PPE and HALO) will be delivered to NRHO in a single launch using a <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> launcher. Originally planned to be available prior to Artemis III, as of 2021 it is planned for availability before Artemis IV. The Gateway will be resupplied and supported by launches of <a href="/wiki/Dragon_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon XL">Dragon XL</a> spacecraft launched by Falcon Heavy. Each Dragon XL will remain attached to Gateway for up to six months. The Dragon XLs will not return to Earth, but will be disposed of, probably by deliberate crashes on the lunar surface. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_HLS_development_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis HLS development history">Artemis HLS development history</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altair-orion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Altair-orion.jpg/260px-Altair-orion.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Altair-orion.jpg/390px-Altair-orion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Altair-orion.jpg/520px-Altair-orion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9625" data-file-height="5425" /></a><figcaption>Artist's rendering of the lunar module (left) and space capsule of the <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Space_Launch_System_(16525420976).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Space_Launch_System_%2816525420976%29.jpg/260px-Space_Launch_System_%2816525420976%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Space_Launch_System_%2816525420976%29.jpg/390px-Space_Launch_System_%2816525420976%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Space_Launch_System_%2816525420976%29.jpg/520px-Space_Launch_System_%2816525420976%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Artist's impression of an SLS launch</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The Artemis program incorporates several major components of previously cancelled <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> programs and missions, including the <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Redirect_Mission" title="Asteroid Redirect Mission">Asteroid Redirect Mission</a>. Originally legislated by the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2005" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2005">NASA Authorization Act of 2005</a>, Constellation included the development of <a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">Ares I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a>, and the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. The program ran from the early 2000s until 2010.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a> In May 2009, U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine Committee</a> to take into account several objectives including support for the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>, development of missions beyond <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> (including the Moon, Mars, and <a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">near-Earth objects</a>), and use of the commercial space industry within defined budget limits.<a href="#cite_note-20">[18]</a> The committee concluded that the Constellation program was massively underfunded and that a 2020 Moon landing was impossible. Constellation was subsequently put on hold.<a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> On 15 April 2010, <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_space_policy_speech_at_Kennedy_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Barack Obama space policy speech at Kennedy Space Center">President Obama spoke at the Kennedy Space Center</a>, announcing the administration's plans for NASA and cancelling the non-Orion elements of Constellation on the premise that the program had become nonviable.<a href="#cite_note-22">[20]</a> He instead proposed US$6 billion in additional funding and called for development of a new heavy-lift rocket program to be ready for construction by 2015 with crewed missions to Mars orbit by the mid-2030s.<a href="#cite_note-23">[21]</a> On 11 October 2010, President Obama signed into law the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Authorization_Act_of_2010" title="NASA Authorization Act of 2010">NASA Authorization Act of 2010</a>, which included requirements for the immediate development of the Space Launch System as a follow-on launch vehicle to the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, and continued development of a <a href="/wiki/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a> to be capable of supporting missions beyond low Earth orbit starting in 2016, while making use of the workforce, assets, and capabilities of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle program</a>, Constellation program, and other NASA programs. The law also invested in space technologies and robotics capabilities tied to the overall space exploration framework, ensured continued support for <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">Commercial Resupply Services</a>, and expanded the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Crew Development">Commercial Crew Development</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a> On 30 June 2017, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> signed an executive order to re-establish the <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Council" title="National Space Council">National Space Council</a>, chaired by Vice-President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a>. The Trump administration's first budget request kept Obama-era human spaceflight programs in place: Commercial Resupply Services, Commercial Crew Development, the Space Launch System, and the Orion spacecraft for deep space missions, while reducing Earth science research and calling for the elimination of NASA's education office.<a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Redefinition_and_naming_as_Artemis">Redefinition and naming as Artemis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Redefinition and naming as Artemis">edit</a>]</div> On 11 December 2017, President Trump signed <a href="/wiki/NASA#Space_Policy_Directive_1" title="NASA">Space Policy Directive 1</a>, a change in national space policy that provides for a U.S.-led, integrated program with private sector partners for a human return to the Moon, followed by missions to Mars and beyond. The policy calls for the NASA administrator to "lead an innovative and sustainable program of exploration with <a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">commercial</a> and international partners to enable human expansion across the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> and to bring back to Earth new knowledge and opportunities". The effort intends to more effectively organize government, private industry, and international efforts toward returning humans to the Moon and laying the foundation of eventual human <a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">exploration of Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Artemis_home20190519-2">[2]</a> Space Policy Directive 1 authorized the lunar-focused campaign. The campaign, later named Artemis, draws upon legacy US spacecraft programs, including the <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a> space capsule, the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> space station, and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a>, and creates entirely new programs such as the Human Landing System. The in-development Space Launch System is expected to serve as the primary launch vehicle for Orion, while commercial launch vehicles will launch various other elements of the program.<a href="#cite_note-Verge_May2019-26">[24]</a> On 26 March 2019, Vice President <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> announced that NASA's Moon landing goal would be accelerated by four years with a planned landing in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-27">[25]</a> On 14 May 2019, NASA Administrator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridenstine" title="Jim Bridenstine">Jim Bridenstine</a> announced that the new program would be named <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a>, after the goddess of the Moon in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> who is the twin sister of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Verge_May2019-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-2019-28">[26]</a> Despite the immediate new goals, Mars missions by the 2030s were still intended as of May 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Artemis_home20190519-2">[2]</a> In mid-2019, NASA requested US$1.6 billion in additional funding for Artemis for fiscal year 2020,<a href="#cite_note-Harwood_CBS-29">[27]</a> while the Senate Appropriations Committee requested from NASA a five-year budget profile<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> which is needed for evaluation and approval by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[30]</a> In February 2020, the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> requested a funding increase of 12% to cover the Artemis program as part of its <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">fiscal year 2021 budget</a>. The total budget would have been US$25.2 billion per year with US$3.7 billion dedicated toward a Human Landing System. NASA Chief Financial Officer <a href="/wiki/Jeff_DeWit" title="Jeff DeWit">Jeff DeWit</a> said he thought the agency has "a very good shot" to get this budget through Congress despite Democratic concerns around the program.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_puts_a_price_on_a_2024_Moon_landing_—_US$35_billion-33">[31]</a> However, in July 2020 the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">House Appropriations Committee</a> rejected the White House's requested funding increase.<a href="#cite_note-Appropriations_Committee_Releases_Fiscal_Year_2021_Commerce-Justice-Science_Funding_Bill-34">[32]</a> The bill proposed in the House dedicated only US$700 million toward the Human Landing System, 81% (US$3 billion) short of the requested amount.<a href="#cite_note-35">[33]</a> In April 2020, NASA awarded funding to Blue Origin, Dynetics, and SpaceX for 10-month-long preliminary design studies for the HLS.<a href="#cite_note-nsf20200501-36">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars20200430-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasapr20200430-38">[36]</a> Throughout February 2021, Acting Administrator of NASA <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jurczyk" title="Steve Jurczyk">Steve Jurczyk</a> reiterated those budget concerns when asked about the project's schedule,<a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a> clarifying that "The 2024 lunar landing goal may no longer be a realistic target [...]".<a href="#cite_note-41">[39]</a> On 4 February 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> endorsed the Artemis program.<a href="#cite_note-sn20210204-42">[40]</a> More specifically, White House Press Secretary <a href="/wiki/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> expressed the Biden administration's "support [for] this effort and endeavor".<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[43]</a> On 16 April 2021, NASA contracted <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> to develop, manufacture, and fly two lunar landing flights with the <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> lunar lander.<a href="#cite_note-ars20210416-46">[44]</a> Blue Origin and Dynetics protested the award to the <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a> (GAO) on 26 April.<a href="#cite_note-sn20210426-47">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn20210427-48">[46]</a> After the GAO rejected the protests,<a href="#cite_note-sn20210730-49">[47]</a> Blue Origin sued NASA over the award,<a href="#cite_note-verge20210816-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnbc20210816-51">[49]</a> and NASA agreed to stop work on the contract until 1 November 2021 as the lawsuit proceeded. The judge dismissed the suit on 4 November 2021 and NASA resumed work with SpaceX.<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> On 25 September 2021, NASA released its first digital, interactive graphic novel in celebration of National Comic Book Day. "First Woman: NASA's Promise for Humanity" is the fictional story of Callie Rodriguez, the first woman to explore the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> On 15 November 2021, an audit of <a href="/wiki/NASA_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="NASA Office of Inspector General">NASA's Office of Inspector General</a> estimated the true cost of the Artemis program at about $93 billion until 2025.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_OIG_2021-1">[1]</a> In addition to the initial SpaceX contract, NASA awarded two rounds of separate contracts in May 2019<a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a> and September 2021,<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> on aspects of the HLS to encourage alternative designs, separately from the initial HLS development effort. It announced in March 2022 that it was developing new sustainability rules and pursuing both a Starship HLS upgrade (an option under the initial SpaceX contract) and new competing alternative designs. These came after criticism from members of Congress over lack of redundancy and competition, and led NASA to ask for additional support.<a href="#cite_note-NASAMarch2022Update-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-WallMarch2022-57">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_I_(2022)">Artemis I (2022)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Artemis I (2022)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_Launch_(NHQ202211160203).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Artemis_I_Launch_%28NHQ202211160203%29.jpeg/220px-Artemis_I_Launch_%28NHQ202211160203%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Artemis_I_Launch_%28NHQ202211160203%29.jpeg/330px-Artemis_I_Launch_%28NHQ202211160203%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Artemis_I_Launch_%28NHQ202211160203%29.jpeg/440px-Artemis_I_Launch_%28NHQ202211160203%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4346" data-file-height="2354" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> successfully launched from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> on November 16, 2022.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg/220px-Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg/330px-Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg/440px-Orion_off_the_coast_of_Baja_California.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a> shortly after splashdown in the Pacific Ocean on December 11, 2022.</figcaption></figure> Artemis I was originally scheduled for late 2016, and as delays accrued, eventually for late 2021, but the launch date was then pushed back to 29 August 2022.<a href="#cite_note-sfn-20220426-58">[56]</a> Various delays related to final infrastructure repairs and weather pushed the launch date further out.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-SN-20220903-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Blogs_Sep32022_11:22_am-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-NSF-20220908-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Ian_Update_0924-63">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA_Ian_Update_Sept26-64">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-SN-20220927-65">[63]</a> In October 2022, NASA launch managers decided on a new launch date in November, which were again slightly delayed due to preparation and weather.<a href="#cite_note-nasa-blog-20221012-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_Storm_Nicole_Report-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221108-4">[4]</a> On 16 November at 01:47:44 EST (06:47:44 UTC), Artemis I successfully launched from the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NAT-20221116-68">[66]</a> Artemis I was completed at 09:40 PST (17:40 UTC) on 11 December, when the Orion spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, west of Baja California, after a record-breaking mission, which saw Artemis travel more than 2.3 million kilometers (1.4 million miles) on a path around the Moon before returning safely to Earth. The splashdown occurred 50 years to the day since NASA's <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> Moon landing, the last human crewed mission to touch down on the lunar surface.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_II_(2025)">Artemis II (2025)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Artemis II (2025)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a></div> Artemis II is scheduled to launch in September 2025 as a crewed lunar flyby. The <a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a> for the mission was completed and handed over to NASA in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a> Testing is underway on the Orion module for Artemis II. In April 2024, Lockheed was on track to hand over the Orion module by September after testing was complete.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> A NASA <a href="/wiki/NASA_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="NASA Office of Inspector General">OIG</a> report released on May 1 reported the mission was still on track, provided corrective actions on the Orion heat shield were made.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> The Artemis II crew planned to conduct a series of trainings and simulations prior to launch, the first of which occurred in May.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System_core_stage" title="Space Launch System core stage">SLS core stage</a> for the mission was delivered to <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> (KSC) in July 2024.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> Notably, the SLS core stage for Artemis II was the last to be fully built at the <a href="/wiki/Michoud_Assembly_Facility" title="Michoud Assembly Facility">Michoud Assembly Facility</a>: future missions starting with Artemis III will have the core stage partly built after arriving at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida, managed by <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a>, which was deemed to be more efficient by program officials.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> In July, the Orion spacecraft was moved from the testing cell to the altitude chamber inside the <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong_Operations_and_Checkout_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building">Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building</a> at KSC.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Rocket stacking operations began on 20 November 2024, when the left aft assembly of the booster was stacked onto the Mobile Launcher. The stacking marked a crucial step for launch in late 2025.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Crew">Crew</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Crew">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:372px;max-width:372px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg/120px-Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg/180px-Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg/240px-Jsc2023e0016433_alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4454" data-file-height="5938" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg/120px-Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg/180px-Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg/240px-Jsc2023e0016435_alt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4497" data-file-height="5996" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg/120px-Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg/180px-Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg/240px-Jsc2023e0016436_alt2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4708" data-file-height="6277" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Glover</a> (left), <a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Koch</a> (center), and <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Hansen</a> (right) are planned to be the first person of color, woman, and non-US citizen to go beyond low Earth orbit, respectively.</div></div></div></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reid_Wiseman" title="Reid Wiseman">Reid Wiseman</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Pilot </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor Glover</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Payload Specialist </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> Second spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Mission Specialist </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">CSA</a> First spaceflight </td></tr> </tbody></table> Artemis II is to be crewed by four astronauts: Commander <a href="/wiki/Reid_Wiseman" title="Reid Wiseman">Reid Wiseman</a>, Pilot <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor J. Glover</a>, Payload Specialist <a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a>, and Mission Specialist <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2A-82">[80]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jenni_Sidey-Gibbons" title="Jenni Sidey-Gibbons">Jenni Sidey-Gibbons</a> is Hansen's backup; she will join the mission if Hansen is unable to.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> Glover, Koch, and Hansen are planned to be the first <a href="/wiki/Person_of_color" title="Person of color">person of color</a>, woman, and non-US citizen to go beyond <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:2A-82">[80]</a> Hansen and Sidey-Gibbons are <a href="/wiki/Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian">Canadian</a> and have been assigned by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a>;<a href="#cite_note-:2A-82">[80]</a> a 2020 treaty between the United States and Canada led to their involvement.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_III_(2026)">Artemis III (2026)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Artemis III (2026)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a></div> Artemis III is expected to launch in September 2026 as the first crewed landing on the Moon since Apollo 17. In February 2024, NASA completed full qualification testing of the docking systems on <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Also in February, the bulk of the manufacturing for the core stage of the SLS to be used in the mission was completed.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> In April 2024, NASA announced the successful completion of Starship’s first internal propellant transfer demonstration. The Starship’s tanker variant ability to act as an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_propellant_depot" title="Orbital propellant depot">orbital propellant depot</a> to Starship HLS is a key capability necessary to complete the Artemis III mission. A ship-to-ship propellant transfer demonstration to further prove out the capability is expected in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a> for the mission was reported on track to be handed over to NASA in summer 2024.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> The first integrated test for the mission, which included the next generation space suits developed by Axiom Space, and the airlock module of Starship HLS was conducted in June 2024.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> The <a href="/wiki/NASA_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Inspector General">NASA Inspector General</a> has called the development schedule for Artemis III unrealistic and estimated that the Moon landing could be pushed to as late as 2028, saying that NASA officials had raised the possibility of using Artemis III to complete an additional fly-by of the Moon rather than a lunar landing mission.<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Instruments_and_payloads">Instruments and payloads</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Instruments and payloads">edit</a>]</div> In March 2024, NASA announced the scientific instruments to be included on the mission were a compact, autonomous seismometer suite called the Lunar Environment Monitoring Station, or LEMS. LEMS will characterize the regional structure of the Moon's crust and mantle to inform the development of lunar formation and evolution models. Another instrument is Lunar Effects on Agricultural Flora, a.k.a. LEAF, which will investigate the impact of the lunar surface environment on space crops. The third instrument is the Lunar Dielectric Analyzer, or LDA, an internationally contributed payload that will measure the regolith's ability to propagate an electric field.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_IV_(2028)">Artemis IV (2028)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Artemis IV (2028)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a></div> Artemis IV is expected to launch in September 2028. Prior to the launch of the mission, a <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> is planned to launch the first two <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> elements: the <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Propulsion_Element" title="Power and Propulsion Element">Power and Propulsion Element</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitation_and_Logistics_Outpost" title="Habitation and Logistics Outpost">Habitation and Logistics Outpost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway#Phase_1" title="Lunar Gateway">now scheduled for 2027</a>. Artemis IV will then be responsible for launching with a crew with the <a href="/wiki/International_Habitation_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="International Habitation Module">International Habitation Module</a> (I-Hab) and adding the module to the Gateway space station. SLS Block 1B manufacture began in March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> The I-Hab module construction was underway as of April 2024.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> In May 2024, it was reported NASA made significant progress towards completion of Mobile Launcher 2 (ML-2), the launch platform that will be used by the larger SLS Block 1B.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> However, in August 2024, the NASA Inspector General estimated that the launch platform could end up costing the agency $2.5 billion, more than six times its original value and may not be ready to support a launch until 2029, making the current launch schedule unrealistic.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> NASA has highlighted five key points for the mission (in chronological order): <ul><li>The crewed Orion spacecraft and Lunar I-Hab Gateway element will launch as a co-manifested payload on an SLS Block 1B rocket to lunar orbit.</li> <li>Orion will deliver Lunar I-Hab to Gateway, where it will dock to HALO.</li> <li>A Human Landing System spacecraft will dock to Gateway.</li> <li>Artemis IV crew members will use the Human Landing System to descend to and later ascend from the lunar surface.</li> <li>Artemis IV crew will return to Earth on Orion.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_2024-97">[95]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_V_(2030)">Artemis V (2030)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Artemis V (2030)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a></div> Artemis V is expected to launch in March 2030. The mission will launch four astronauts on a Space Launch System rocket and an <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a> spacecraft to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> and will be the third lunar landing of the Artemis program. In addition, Artemis V will deliver two new elements to the Gateway space station.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> After docking to the Gateway, two astronauts will board the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> lunar lander and fly it to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">Lunar south pole</a> to land near the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a> (LTV). This will be the first lunar landing since <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> to use an unpressurized lunar rover.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> NASA has highlighted five key points for the mission (in chronological order): <ul><li>The crewed Orion spacecraft and the Lunar View element will launch as a co-manifested payload on an SLS Block 1B rocket to lunar orbit.</li> <li>Orion will deliver Lunar View to Gateway, where it will dock to HALO.</li> <li>A Human Landing System spacecraft will dock to Gateway.</li> <li>Artemis V crew members will use the Human Landing System to descend to and later ascend from the lunar surface.</li> <li>Artemis V crew will return to Earth on Orion.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_2024-97">[95]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_VI_(2031)">Artemis VI (2031)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Artemis VI (2031)">edit</a>]</div> Artemis VI is expected to launch in March 2031.<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> According to NASA, the primary objectives of this mission would be to integrate the <a href="/wiki/Crew_and_Science_Airlock_Module" title="Crew and Science Airlock Module">Crew and Science Airlock Module</a> with Gateway and complete the fourth crewed lunar surface expedition of the Artemis missions.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_2024-97">[95]</a> As of 2024, the Airlock module is under construction by <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Space_Centre" title="Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre">Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[16]</a> NASA has highlighted five key points for the mission (in chronological order): <ul><li>The crewed Orion spacecraft and Gateway’s Crew and Science Airlock will launch as a co-manifested payload on an SLS Block 1B rocket to lunar orbit.</li> <li>Orion will deliver the Crew and Science Airlock to Gateway, where it will dock to Lunar I-Hab.</li> <li>A Human Landing System spacecraft will dock to Gateway.</li> <li>Artemis VI crew members will use the Human Landing System to descend to and later ascend from the lunar surface.</li> <li>Artemis VI crew will return to Earth on Orion.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_2024-97">[95]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supporting_programs">Supporting programs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Supporting programs">edit</a>]</div> Implementation of the Artemis program will require additional programs, projects, and commercial launchers to support the construction of the Lunar Gateway, launch resupply missions to the station, and deploy numerous robotic spacecraft and instruments to the lunar surface.<a href="#cite_note-Burghardt_May2019-100">[98]</a> Several precursor robotic missions are being coordinated through the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a> (CLPS) program, which is dedicated to scouting and characterization of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">lunar resources</a> as well as testing principles for <a href="/wiki/In-situ_resource_utilization" class="mw-redirect" title="In-situ resource utilization">in-situ resource utilization</a> (ISRU).<a href="#cite_note-Burghardt_May2019-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_CBS-101">[99]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_(47974872533).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg/400px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg/600px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg/800px-NASA_Selects_First_Commercial_Moon_Landing_Services_for_Artemis_Program_%2847974872533%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Models of the first three commercial robotic landers selected for <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a>. From left: <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Peregrine_lander" title="Astrobotic Technology">Peregrine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a> by <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>, and Z-01 by <a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Commercial Lunar Payload Services">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></div> In March 2018, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a> (CLPS) program with the aim of sending small robotic <a href="/wiki/Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lander (spacecraft)">landers</a> and rovers mostly to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_south_pole" title="Lunar south pole">lunar south pole region</a> as a precursor to and in support of crewed missions.<a href="#cite_note-CLPS_CBS-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasaspaceflight-1-103">[101]</a> The main goals include scouting of <a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">lunar resources</a>, ISRU feasibility testing, and lunar science.<a href="#cite_note-NASA_20180503-104">[102]</a> NASA is awarding commercial providers <a href="/wiki/IDIQ" title="IDIQ">indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity</a> contracts to develop and fly lunar landers with scientific payloads.<a href="#cite_note-spacenews-2-105">[103]</a> The first phase considered proposals capable of delivering at least 10 kg (22 lb) of payload by the end of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-spacenews-2-105">[103]</a> Proposals for mid-sized landers capable of delivering between 500 kg (1,100 lb) and 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) of cargo were planned to also be considered for launch beyond 2021.<a href="#cite_note-spacenews-3-106">[104]</a> In November 2018, NASA announced the first nine companies that were qualified to bid on the CLPS transportation service contracts (see list below).<a href="#cite_note-CLPS_qual-20181129-107">[105]</a> On 31 May 2019, three of those were awarded lander contracts: <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-upi20190521-108">[106]</a> On 29 July 2019, NASA announced that it had granted OrbitBeyond's request to be released from obligations under the contract citing "internal corporate challenges".<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> The first twelve payloads and experiments from NASA centers were announced on 21 February 2019.<a href="#cite_note-sfi20190226-110">[108]</a> On 1 July 2019, NASA announced the selection of twelve additional payloads, provided by universities and industry. Seven of these are scientific investigations while five are technology demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-nasa-pr20190701-111">[109]</a> The Lunar Surface Instrument and Technology Payloads (LSITP) program was soliciting payloads in 2019 that do not require significant additional development. They will include technology demonstrators to advance lunar science or the commercial development of the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> In November 2019, NASA added five contractors to the group of companies who are eligible to bid to send large payloads to the surface of the Moon under the CLPS program: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceres_Robotics" title="Ceres Robotics">Ceres Robotics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems">Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA20191127-115">[113]</a> In April 2020, NASA selected <a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space Systems</a> for a follow-on CLPS delivery of cargo to the Moon in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-tc20200428-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> On 23 June 2021, Masten Space Systems announced it was delayed until November 2023. Dave Masten, the founder and chief technology officer, blamed the delay on the COVID pandemic and industry-wide supply chain issues.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> In February 2021, NASA selected <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a> for a CLPS launch to <a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a> in mid-2023.<a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210204-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Commercial contractors qualified to bid for CLPS NASA-funded design work </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Qualification date</th> <th rowspan="2">Company</th> <th rowspan="2">Proposed services</th> <th colspan="2">Contract award </th></tr> <tr> <th>Date</th> <th>amount US$ millions </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">29 November 2018 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine</a> lander</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">31 May 2019</td> <td>79.5<a href="#cite_note-upi20190521-108">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Systems" title="Deep Space Systems">Deep Space Systems</a></td> <td>Rover; design and development services</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_qual-20181129-107">[105]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory" title="Draper Laboratory">Draper Laboratory</a></td> <td>Series 2 lander</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">21 July 2022</td> <td>73<a href="#cite_note-draper-121">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Blue Ghost</a> lander</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">4 February 2021</td> <td>93.3<a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210204-119">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nova-C" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova-C">Nova-C</a> lander</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">31 May 2019</td> <td>77<a href="#cite_note-upi20190521-108">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin Corporation">Lockheed Martin Space</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless Lunar Lander</a></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_qual-20181129-107">[105]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems" title="Masten Space Systems">Masten Space Systems</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a> lander</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">8 April 2020</td> <td>75.9<a href="#cite_note-tc20200428-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_qual-20181129-107">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moon_Express" title="Moon Express">Moon Express</a></td> <td>MX-1, MX-2, MX-5, MX-9 landers; sample return.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-CLPS_qual-20181129-107">[105]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></td> <td>Z-01 and Z-02 landers</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">31 May 2019</td> <td>97 <a href="#cite_note-upi20190521-108">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">18 November 2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> lander</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NASA20191127-115">[113]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceres_Robotics" title="Ceres Robotics">Ceres Robotics</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NASA20191127-115">[113]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NASA20191127-115">[113]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> cargo lander</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NASA20191127-115">[113]</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tyvak_Nano-Satellite_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems">Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-NASA20191127-115">[113]</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> On 29 Jul 2019, NASA accepted a request for contract termination from OrbitBeyond given its identification of internal corporate challenges<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_contractors">International contractors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: International contractors">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:24%;">Name </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Location </th> <th scope="col" style="width:16%;">Program element </th> <th>Services performed </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota City">Toyota City</a> </td> <td>Crewed lunar rover </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a><a href="#cite_note-space.com_lunar_cruiser-124">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ArianeGroup" title="ArianeGroup">ArianeGroup</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gironde" title="Gironde">Gironde</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a> </td> <td>Propulsion system components<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ESAB" title="ESAB">ESAB</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lax%C3%A5_Municipality" title="Laxå Municipality">Laxå Municipality</a> </td> <td>Space Launch System </td> <td>Fuel tank structures<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MT Aerospace </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a> </td> <td>Space Launch System </td> <td>Cryogenic core stage dome core panels<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Schaeffler_Group" title="Schaeffler Group">Schaeffler Aerospace Germany GmbH & Co. KG</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schweinfurt" title="Schweinfurt">Schweinfurt</a> </td> <td>Space Launch System </td> <td>Cronidur 30 in SLS propulsion systems, components for Orion spacecraft<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magna_Steyr" title="Magna Steyr">Magna Steyr</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a> </td> <td>Space Launch System </td> <td>Pressurization lines for the SLS core stage<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a> </td> <td>Orion European Service Module<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 Sisters Consortium (includes Fleet Space Technologies,<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> <a href="/wiki/OZ_Minerals" title="OZ Minerals">OZ Minerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_South_Wales" title="University of New South Wales">University of New South Wales</a>, and Unearthed) </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> </td> <td>Lunar exploration support </td> <td>Companion program to Artemis to provide nanosatellite solutions and exploration support for crewed Artemis missions.<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MDA_(company)" title="MDA (company)">MDA</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brampton" title="Brampton">Brampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadarm_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadarm 3">Canadarm 3</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">Ispace</a> </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> </td> <td>Lunar in situ resource utilization </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)#Hakuto-R_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">Hakuto-R</a> lunar regolith transfer<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ispace Europe </td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a> </td> <td>Lunar in situ resource utilization </td> <td>Lunar regolith transfer<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_Accords">Artemis Accords</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Artemis Accords">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_Accords" title="Artemis Accords">Artemis Accords</a></div> On 5 May 2020, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> reported that the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> was drafting a new international agreement outlining the laws for <a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">mining on the Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a> NASA Administrator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Bridenstine" title="Jim Bridenstine">Jim Bridenstine</a> officially announced the Artemis Accords on 15 May 2020. It consists of a series of multilateral agreements between the governments of participating nations in the Artemis program "grounded in the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty of 1967</a>".<a href="#cite_note-sdc20200515-138">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-artemis20200516-139">[136]</a> The Artemis Accords have been criticized by some American researchers as "a concerted, strategic effort to redirect international space cooperation in favor of short-term U.S. commercial interests".<a href="#cite_note-Accords-140">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploration_Ground_Systems_(EGS)">Exploration Ground Systems (EGS)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Exploration Ground Systems (EGS)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a></div> The Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Program is one of three NASA programs based at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. EGS was established to develop and operate the systems and facilities necessary to process and launch rockets and spacecraft during assembly, transport, and launch.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> EGS is preparing the infrastructure to support NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket and its payloads, such as the <a href="/wiki/Orion_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion spacecraft">Orion spacecraft</a> for Artemis I.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gateway_Logistics_Services">Gateway Logistics Services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gateway Logistics Services">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> is a space station to be constructed in lunar orbit, and the Gateway Logistics Services program will provide cargo and other supplies to the station, even when crews are not present.<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit">[update]</a>, only SpaceX's supply vehicle, known as <a href="/wiki/Dragon_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon XL">Dragon XL</a>, is planned to supply the Gateway. Dragon XL is a version of the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon" title="SpaceX Dragon">Dragon spacecraft</a>, to be launched by the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a> and its predecessor, it is intended to be an expendable spacecraft. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Supporting_Earth-launch_vehicles">Supporting Earth-launch vehicles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Supporting Earth-launch vehicles">edit</a>]</div> As of the early mission concepts outlined by NASA in May 2020 and refined by the HLS contract award in July 2021, the primary Earth-launch vehicles planned to support the Artemis program will include the NASA Space Launch System for the <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion vehicle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> for various components of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a>,<a href="#cite_note-ars20191217-145">[142]</a> and the Starship HLS configuration for the eventual delivery of the <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">HLS vehicle</a>. Other standard SpaceX Starships may be used later to meet other and yet to be determined crew and/or cargo handling mission needs.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc20200430-146">[143]</a> Additional launch vehicles will also be employed later for CLPS cargo services. The European <a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a> has been proposed to be part of the program in July 2019.<a href="#cite_note-aerospatium20190724-147">[144]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Propulsion_Element" title="Power and Propulsion Element">Power and Propulsion Element</a> (PPE) module and the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway#Planned_modules" title="Lunar Gateway">Habitation and Logistics Outpost</a> (HALO) of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Gateway</a>, which were previously planned for the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS Block 1B</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> will now fly together on a <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> in 2027.<a href="#cite_note-gao-20240731-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210709-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210209-151">[148]</a> The Gateway will be supported and resupplied by approximately 28 commercial cargo missions launched by undetermined commercial launch vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-Resupply_GLS-152">[149]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a> (GLS) will be in charge of resupply missions.<a href="#cite_note-Resupply_GLS-152">[149]</a> GLS has also contracted for the construction of a resupply vehicle, Dragon XL, capable of remaining docked to the Gateway for one year of operations, providing and generating its own power while docked, and capable of autonomous disposal at the end of its mission.<a href="#cite_note-Resupply_GLS-152">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> In May 2019, the plan was for components of a crewed lunar lander to be deployed to the Gateway on commercial launchers before the arrival of the first crewed mission, <a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a3-1-155">[152]</a> An alternative approach where the HLS and Orion dock together directly was discussed.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFN300420-157">[154]</a> As late as mid-2019, NASA considered use of <a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a> and Falcon Heavy to launch a crewed Orion mission given SLS delays.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> Given the complexity of conversion to a different vehicle, the agency ultimately decided to use only the SLS to launch astronauts.<a href="#cite_note-verge20190718-9">[9]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Launch vehicles </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Launch vehicle </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Missions </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Payload </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Estimated cost per launch </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">First launch </th></tr> <tr> <th>LEO </th> <th>TLI </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS Block 1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Crew transportation</a> </td> <td>95 t </td> <td>27 t </td> <td data-sort-value="US$2000 million">US$2 billion </td> <td>16 November 2022<a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221108-4">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS Block 1B</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Crew transportation</a>, I-HAB Gateway Module </td> <td>105 t </td> <td>42 t </td> <td data-sort-value="US$2000 million">US$2 billion </td> <td>In development (2028) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS Block 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Crew transportation</a>, Heavy payloads </td> <td>130 t </td> <td>45 t </td> <td data-sort-value="US$2000 million">US$2 billion </td> <td>In development (after 2029) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dragon_XL" class="mw-redirect" title="Dragon XL">Dragon XL</a> launches, two Gateway modules, VIPER (cancelled) </td> <td>63.8 t </td> <td> </td> <td>US$150 million (expendable)<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-20180212-159">[156]</a> </td> <td>6 February 2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a> missions </td> <td>27.2 t </td> <td>12.1 t </td> <td>US$82–200 million </td> <td>8 January 2024 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a> missions </td> <td>22.8 t </td> <td> </td> <td>US$62 million<a href="#cite_note-Starship2021-160">[157]</a> </td> <td>2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron (rocket)">Electron</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="CAPSTONE (spacecraft)">CAPSTONE</a> </td> <td>0.3 t </td> <td> </td> <td>US$7.5 million<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg02032020-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo10022020-162">[159]</a> </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> </td> <td>Starship HLS, heavy <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a> payloads </td> <td>150 t </td> <td>150 t<a href="#cite_note-163">[a]</a> </td> <td>US$2 million (goal)<a href="#cite_note-sdc20191106-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[b]</a> </td> <td>20 April 2023 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut</a> </td> <td>21.6 t </td> <td>8.6 t </td> <td data-sort-value="US$136 million">€115 million<a href="#cite_note-166">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-lem-167">[162]</a> </td> <td>9 July 2024<a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> </td> <td>45 t </td> <td>7 t </td> <td>$68 million </td> <td>November 2024 </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> requires refueling in LEO </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> Per launch. May require refueling launches </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space_Launch_System">Space Launch System</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Space Launch System">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SLS_Configuration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Diagram of four versions of the Space Launch System rocket" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SLS_Configuration.jpg/530px-SLS_Configuration.jpg" decoding="async" width="530" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/SLS_Configuration.jpg/795px-SLS_Configuration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/SLS_Configuration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>The planned evolution of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a>, the primary launch vehicle for Orion</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a> (SLS) is a United States <a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">super heavy-lift</a> <a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_system" title="Expendable launch system">expendable launch vehicle</a>, which has been under development since its announcement in 2011. The SLS is the main Earth-launch vehicle of the Artemis lunar program, as of March 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit">[update]</a>. NASA is required by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> to use SLS Block 1, which will be powerful enough to lift a <a href="/wiki/Payload" title="Payload">payload</a> of 95 metric tons (209,000 lb) to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> (LEO), and will launch <a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">III</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> Starting in 2028, Block 1B is intended to debut the <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Upper_Stage" title="Exploration Upper Stage">Exploration Upper Stage</a> (EUS) and launch the notional Artemis IV–VII.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> Starting in 2029, Block 2 is planned to replace the initial Shuttle-derived boosters with advanced boosters and would have a LEO capability of more than 130 metric tons (290,000 lb), again as required by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-AuthAct10-175">[170]</a> Block 2 is intended to enable crewed launches to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nsf-20170406-7">[7]</a> The SLS will launch the <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a> and use the ground operations capabilities and launch facilities at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg/310px-KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg/465px-KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg/620px-KSC-20220318-PH-KLS01_0031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6720" data-file-height="4480" /></a><figcaption>The SLS for <a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> on its mobile launcher, getting ready for a wet dress rehearsal ahead of launch</figcaption></figure> In March 2019, the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> released its <a href="/wiki/United_States_budget" class="mw-redirect" title="United States budget">Fiscal Year 2020 Budget Request</a> for NASA. This budget did not initially include any money for the Block 1B and Block 2 variants of SLS, but later a request for a budget increase of $1.6 billion towards SLS, Orion, and crewed landers was made. Block 1B is now intended to debut on Artemis IV and will be used mainly for co-manifested crew transfers and logistics rather than constructing the Gateway as initially planned. An uncrewed Block 1B was planned to launch the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_outpost_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar outpost (NASA)">Lunar Surface Asset</a> in 2028, the first lunar outpost of the Artemis program, but now that launch has been moved to a commercial launcher.<a href="#cite_note-Sep_2019-176">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Block 2</a> development will most likely start in the late 2020s after NASA is regularly visiting the lunar surface and shifts focus towards Mars.<a href="#cite_note-slr22May2019-177">[172]</a> In October 2019, NASA authorized <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> to purchase materials in bulk for more SLS rockets ahead of the announcement of a new contract. The contract was expected to support up to ten core stages and eight <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Upper_Stage" title="Exploration Upper Stage">Exploration Upper Stages</a> for the SLS 1B to transfer heavy payloads of up to 40 metric tons on a lunar trajectory.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SpaceX_Starship">SpaceX Starship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: SpaceX Starship">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">SpaceX Starship</a></div> The SpaceX Starship system is a fully-reusable <a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">super heavy-lift</a> Earth-launch system which is under development. It consists of a first-stage booster named <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Super_Heavy" title="SpaceX Super Heavy">Super-Heavy</a> and a second-stage space vehicle which is generally named <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)" title="SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)">Starship</a> and which will have several variants. A Starship HLS mission will use three variants: a tanker, a propellant depot, and the <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> itself which will be designed only for lunar landings and takeoffs, and not for Earth landings. Some variants will be able to return to Earth for reuse. The second-stage Starships are fully self-contained spacecraft, complete with their own propulsion systems. The combined Starship system using standard Starship variants for its second-stage is planned to launch crews and cargo, which may then be used to support the various developmental needs of the Artemis program, and also to support the needs of other NASA and SpaceX programs. The SpaceX Starship is also qualified to be bid for <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a> (CLPS) launches, and in 2021 was the winning NASA bid for a crewed lunar landing.<a href="#cite_note-spacex_hls-179">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Falcon_Heavy">Falcon Heavy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Falcon Heavy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></div> The SpaceX Falcon Heavy is a partially reusable heavy-lift launcher. It will be used to launch the first two Gateway modules into NRHO.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> It will also be used to launch the Dragon XL spacecraft on supply missions to Gateway,<a href="#cite_note-dragonXL-183">[178]</a> and it is qualified to be bid for other launches under the CLPS program. It was selected under CLPS to launch the VIPER mission, though this mission was later cancelled in 2024 due to cost overruns and mission delays.<a href="#cite_note-nasa-20240717-184">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CLPS_launchers">CLPS launchers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: CLPS launchers">edit</a>]</div> Under the CLPS (Commercial Lunar Payload Service) program, qualified CLPS vendors can use any launcher that meets their mission requirements. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_vehicles">Space vehicles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Space vehicles">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orion">Orion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Orion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion (spacecraft)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg/260px-ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg/390px-ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg/520px-ArtemisI_Orion_EMI_Feb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4800" /></a><figcaption>NASA's Orion spacecraft undergoing final tests</figcaption></figure> Orion is a class of <a href="/wiki/Reusable_spacecraft" title="Reusable spacecraft">partially reusable</a> spacecraft to be used in the Artemis program. The spacecraft consists of a Crew Module (CM) <a href="/wiki/Space_capsule" title="Space capsule">space capsule</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a> (ESM) manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space" title="Airbus Defence and Space">Airbus Defence and Space</a>. Capable of supporting a crew of six beyond <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, Orion is equipped with <a href="/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft" title="Solar panels on spacecraft">solar panels</a>, an <a href="/wiki/NASA_Docking_System" title="NASA Docking System">automated docking system</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">glass cockpit</a> interfaces modeled after those used in the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_787_Dreamliner" title="Boeing 787 Dreamliner">Boeing 787 Dreamliner</a>. It has a single <a href="/wiki/AJ10" title="AJ10">AJ10</a> engine for primary propulsion, and others including <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control system</a> engines. Although designed to be compatible with other <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicles</a>, Orion is primarily intended to launch atop a <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a> (SLS) rocket, with a tower <a href="/wiki/Launch_escape_system" title="Launch escape system">launch escape system</a>. Orion was originally conceived by Lockheed Martin as a proposal for the <a href="/wiki/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a> (CEV) to be used in NASA's <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a>. Following the cancellation of the Constellation program in 2010, Orion was heavily redesigned for use in NASA's Journey to Mars initiative; later named Moon to Mars. The <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">Ares I</a> as Orion's primary launch vehicle, and the service module was replaced with a design based on the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">Automated Transfer Vehicle</a>. A development version of Orion's CM was launched in 2014 during <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">Exploration Flight Test-1</a>, while at least four test articles were produced. By 2022, three flight-worthy Orion crew modules have been built, with an additional one ordered, for use in the Artemis program; the first of these was due to be launched on 30 November 2020, however <a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> did not launch until 16 November 2022. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg/530px-Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="530" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg/795px-Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg/1060px-Gateway_Space_Station_Module_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>A conceptual advanced Gateway depicting what Gateway could look like in the late 2020s.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dragon_XL">Dragon XL</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Dragon XL">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon#Dragon_XL" title="SpaceX Dragon">SpaceX Dragon § Dragon XL</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SpaceX_Dragon&action=edit#Dragon_XL">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_%282%29.jpg/220px-SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_%282%29.jpg/330px-SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_%282%29.jpg/440px-SpaceX_Dragon_XL_logistics_module_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Rendering of the proposed SpaceX Dragon XL</figcaption></figure> On 27 March 2020, SpaceX revealed the Dragon XL resupply spacecraft to carry pressurized and unpressurized cargo, experiments and other supplies to NASA's planned <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a> (GLS) contract.<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_Dragon_spacenews-3-186">[181]</a> The equipment delivered by Dragon XL missions could include sample collection materials, spacesuits and other items astronauts may need on the Gateway and on the surface of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. It will launch on SpaceX <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> rockets from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">LC-39A</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_Dragon_Spaceflight_Now-XL-187">[182]</a> The Dragon XL will stay at the Gateway for 6 to 12 months at a time, when research payloads inside and outside the cargo vessel could be operated remotely, even when crews are not present.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_Dragon_Spaceflight_Now-XL-187">[182]</a> Its payload capacity is expected to be more than 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb) to lunar orbit.<a href="#cite_note-188">[183]</a> There is no requirement for a return to Earth. At the end of the mission the Dragon XL must be able to undock and dispose of the same mass it can bring to the Gateway, by moving the spacecraft to a heliocentric orbit.<a href="#cite_note-189">[184]</a> On February 22, 2023, NASA discussed the Dragon XL's development for the first time since its 2020 unveiling, with Mark Wiese, NASA's manager of deep space logistics for the Gateway program, answering during a panel at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Space_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Space Congress (page does not exist)">SpaceCom</a> that NASA has been working with SpaceX to run a series of studies to refine the Dragon XL design and examine cargo configurations and other capabilities that could be enabled by the spacecraft.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_Dragon_SpaceNews-XL-190">[185]</a> Wiese also elaborated that Dragon XL would be used for initial missions, and stating that “[NASA] talked to [SpaceX] about <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)" title="SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)">Starship</a> evolution and how it all worked together, but we’re not there yet because it's still in a development phase” insinuating that Starship will eventually replace Dragon XL once it completes development.<a href="#cite_note-SpaceX_Dragon_SpaceNews-XL-190">[185]</a> On March 29, 2024, NASA released an article outlining the mission of <a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a>, which is to be the first crewed mission to the Lunar Gateway slated for 2028, stating that the Dragon XL will be used to resupply and carry science experiments, however, Artemis IV will take place concurrently with a Starship launch which will dock at the Gateway and help with the assembly of the station.<a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_Landing_System_(HLS)">Human Landing System (HLS)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Human Landing System (HLS)">edit</a>]</div> The Human Landing System (HLS) is a critical component of the Artemis mission. This system transports crew from lunar orbit (the Gateway or an Orion spacecraft) to the lunar surface, acts as a lunar habitat, and then transports the crew back to lunar orbit. In 2021 SpaceX's <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> program was awarded the winning NASA bid for the production of a crewed lunar landing vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-spacex_hls-179">[174]</a> In May 2023, <a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> was selected as the second provider for lunar lander services.<a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_developmental_history_of_the_HLS_vehicle">Early developmental history of the HLS vehicle</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Early developmental history of the HLS vehicle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Artemis_HLS_development_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis HLS development history">Artemis HLS development history</a></div> Bidding for NASA's HLS lunar landing vehicle began in 2019. At that time, NASA elected to have the HLS designed and developed by commercial vendors. Eleven competing contracts were initially awarded in May 2019. In April 2020, NASA awarded three competing design contracts, and in April 2021, NASA selected the <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> to proceed to development and production. Separate from its early design and development program for its first HLS spacecraft, NASA retains multiple smaller contracts to study various elements of alternative HLS designs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Starship_HLS">Starship HLS</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Starship HLS">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a></div> The Starship Human Landing System (Starship HLS) was the winner selected by NASA for potential use for long-duration crewed lunar landings as part of NASA's Artemis program.<a href="#cite_note-ars20210416-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-NASAannouncementApril16-194">[189]</a> Starship HLS is a variant of SpaceX's <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship_(spacecraft)" title="SpaceX Starship (spacecraft)">Starship spacecraft</a> optimized to operate on and around the Moon. In contrast to the Starship spacecraft from which it derives, Starship HLS will never re-enter an atmosphere, so it does not have a <a href="/wiki/Heat_shield" title="Heat shield">heat shield</a> or <a href="/wiki/Flight_control_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight control surface">flight control surfaces</a>. In contrast to other proposed HLS designs that used multiple stages, the entire spacecraft will land on the Moon and will then launch from the Moon. Like other Starship variants, Starship HLS has <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Raptor" title="SpaceX Raptor">Raptor</a> engines mounted at the tail as its primary propulsion system. However, when it is within "tens of meters" of the lunar surface during descent and ascent, it will use high-thrust methane/oxygen RCS thrusters located mid-body instead of the Raptors to avoid raising dust via <a href="/wiki/Plume_impingement" class="mw-redirect" title="Plume impingement">plume impingement</a>. A solar array located on the nose below the docking port provides electrical power. Elon Musk stated that Starship HLS would be able to deliver "potentially up to 200 tons" to the lunar surface. Starship HLS would be launched to Earth orbit using the SpaceX <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship#Super_Heavy_booster" title="SpaceX Starship">Super Heavy booster</a>, and would use a series of tanker spacecraft to refuel the Starship HLS vehicle in Earth orbit for lunar transit and lunar landing operations, a capability referred to as <a href="/wiki/Orbital_propellant_depot" title="Orbital propellant depot">orbital refueling</a>. Starship HLS would then boost itself to lunar orbit for rendezvous with Orion. In the mission concept, a NASA Orion spacecraft would carry a NASA crew to the lander, where they would depart and descend to the surface of the Moon. After lunar surface operations, Starship HLS would lift off from the lunar surface acting as a <a href="/wiki/Single-stage-to-orbit" title="Single-stage-to-orbit">single-stage-to-orbit</a> (SSTO) vehicle and return the crew to Orion. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blue_Origin_HLS">Blue Origin HLS</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Blue Origin HLS">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon (spacecraft)</a></div> On 19 May 2023, NASA announced an additional contract to Blue Origin to develop a second crewed lunar lander, which will make its first crewed flight as part of the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> mission. Blue Moon is smaller than the SpaceX HLS lander, having only 20 tons of payload capacity. The lander is fueled with a combination of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants.<a href="#cite_note-BO_HLS-195">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_Gateway">Lunar Gateway</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Lunar Gateway">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></div> NASA's Gateway is an in-development <a href="/wiki/Space_station" title="Space station">mini-space station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a> intended to serve as a solar-powered communication hub, science laboratory, short-term habitation module, and holding area for rovers and other robots.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson20180911-196">[191]</a> While the project is led by NASA, the Gateway is meant to be developed, serviced, and used in collaboration with commercial and international partners: Canada (<a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a>) (CSA), Europe (<a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a>) (ESA), and Japan (<a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art,_March_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art%2C_March_2020.jpg/310px-2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art%2C_March_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art%2C_March_2020.jpg/465px-2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art%2C_March_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art%2C_March_2020.jpg/620px-2024_Lunar_Gateway_concept_art%2C_March_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Phase 1 early Gateway with Power and Propulsion Element (left), Habitation and Logistics Outpost (center foreground), and cargo spacecraft (center background) depicted</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Propulsion_Element" title="Power and Propulsion Element">Power and Propulsion Element</a> (PPE) started development at the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> during the now canceled <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Redirect_Mission" title="Asteroid Redirect Mission">Asteroid Redirect Mission</a> (ARM). The original concept was a robotic, high performance <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">solar electric</a> spacecraft that would retrieve a multi-ton boulder from an asteroid and bring it to lunar orbit for study.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a> When ARM was canceled, the solar electric propulsion was repurposed for the Gateway.<a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> The PPE will allow access to the entire lunar surface and act as a <a href="/wiki/Space_tug" title="Space tug">space tug</a> for visiting craft.<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a> It will also serve as the command and communications center of the Gateway.<a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-sfn20190524-202">[197]</a> The PPE is intended to have a mass of 8–9 tonnes and the capability to generate 50 kW<a href="#cite_note-3_Nov-203">[198]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Solar_electric_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar electric power">solar electric power</a> for its <a href="/wiki/Ion_thruster" title="Ion thruster">ion thrusters</a>, which can be supplemented by chemical propulsion.<a href="#cite_note-Flight_20170406-204">[199]</a> The Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO),<a href="#cite_note-HALO_2-205">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-HALO_1-206">[201]</a> also called the Minimal Habitation Module (MHM) and formerly known as the Utilization Module,<a href="#cite_note-207">[202]</a> will be built by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems">Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems</a> (NGIS).<a href="#cite_note-SN_23July2019-208">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-MHM_justification-209">[204]</a> A single Falcon Heavy equipped with an extended fairing<a href="#cite_note-nasa_release_20_062-210">[205]</a> will launch the PPE together with the HALO in 2027.<a href="#cite_note-gao-20240731-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20210709-150">[147]</a> The HALO is based on a <a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus</a> Cargo resupply module<a href="#cite_note-SN_23July2019-208">[203]</a> to the outside of which radial docking ports, body mounted radiators (BMRs), batteries and communications antennae will be added. The HALO will be a scaled-down habitation module,<a href="#cite_note-Arc_July2019-211">[206]</a> yet, it will feature a functional pressurized volume providing sufficient command, control, and data handling capabilities, energy storage and power distribution, thermal control, communications and tracking capabilities, two axial and up to two radial docking ports, stowage volume, environmental control and <a href="/wiki/Life_support_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support system">life support systems</a> to augment the Orion spacecraft and support a crew of four for at least 30 days.<a href="#cite_note-MHM_justification-209">[204]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_and_ESA%27s_Lunar_Gateway.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/NASA_and_ESA%27s_Lunar_Gateway.png/620px-NASA_and_ESA%27s_Lunar_Gateway.png" decoding="async" width="620" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/NASA_and_ESA%27s_Lunar_Gateway.png/930px-NASA_and_ESA%27s_Lunar_Gateway.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/NASA_and_ESA%27s_Lunar_Gateway.png 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Gateway design architecture as of October 2020, which includes European, Japanese, and Russian modules</figcaption></figure> In late October 2020, NASA and <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA) finalized an agreement to collaborate in the Gateway program. ESA will provide a habitat module in partnership with <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> (I-HAB) and a refueling module (<a href="/wiki/European_System_Providing_Refueling,_Infrastructure_and_Telecommunications" title="European System Providing Refueling, Infrastructure and Telecommunications">ESPRIT</a>). In return, Europe will have three flight opportunities to launch crew aboard the Orion crew capsule, for which they will provide the service module.<a href="#cite_note-212">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a> In 2024, the HALO module reached substantial completion and entered into the stress test phase, following successful completion of which it will be shipped from Europe to the US in preparation for configuration with the PPE module and launch.<a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronauts">Astronauts</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Astronauts">edit</a>]</div> On 10 January 2020, <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_22" title="NASA Astronaut Group 22">NASA's 22nd astronaut group</a>, nicknamed the "Turtles", graduated and were assigned to the Artemis program. The group includes two <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a> (CSA) astronauts. The group earned their nickname from the prior astronaut group, "<a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_21" title="NASA Astronaut Group 21">The 8-Balls</a>", as is a tradition dating back to "<a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">The Mercury Seven</a>" in 1962 which subsequently provided the "<a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">Next Nine</a>" with their nickname. They were given this name, for the most part, because of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Harvey" title="Hurricane Harvey">Hurricane Harvey</a>. Some of the astronauts will fly on the Artemis missions to the Moon and may be part of the first crew to fly to Mars.<a href="#cite_note-215">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_team">Artemis team</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Artemis team">edit</a>]</div> On 9 December 2020, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> announced the first group of 18 astronauts (all American, including 9 male and 9 female from different backgrounds), the 1st Artemis team, who could be selected as astronauts of early missions of the Artemis program:<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Acaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Acaba">Joe Acaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayla_Barron" title="Kayla Barron">Kayla Barron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Chari" title="Raja Chari">Raja Chari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Dominick" title="Matthew Dominick">Matthew Dominick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor Glover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Hoburg" title="Warren Hoburg">Warren Hoburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonny_Kim" title="Jonny Kim">Jonny Kim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Koch" title="Christina Koch">Christina Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjell_Lindgren" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjell Lindgren">Kjell Lindgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Mann" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicole Mann">Nicole Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McClain" title="Anne McClain">Anne McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Meir" title="Jessica Meir">Jessica Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmin_Moghbeli" title="Jasmin Moghbeli">Jasmin Moghbeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Rubins" title="Kathleen Rubins">Kathleen Rubins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Rubio_(astronaut)" title="Francisco Rubio (astronaut)">Frank Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Tingle" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Tingle">Scott Tingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Watkins" title="Jessica Watkins">Jessica Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Wilson" title="Stephanie Wilson">Stephanie Wilson</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Astronaut">Chief Astronaut</a> <a href="/wiki/Reid_Wiseman" title="Reid Wiseman">Reid Wiseman</a> said in August 2022, however, that all 42 active members of the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">NASA Astronaut Corps</a>, and the ten more training as <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">NASA Astronaut Group 23</a>, are eligible for Artemis II and later flights.<a href="#cite_note-foust20220822-217">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Planned_surface_operations">Planned surface operations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Planned surface operations">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg/310px-Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg/465px-Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg/620px-Xemu-eva-Artemis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>An artist's rendition of an Artemis astronaut wearing the xEMU spacesuit and xPLS life support backpack during an EVA on the Moon</figcaption></figure> The Artemis Base Camp will support missions of up to two months and will be used to study technologies to use on future Moon or Mars bases, and then future stationary modules may be used regularly for decades to come through both Government and commercial programs. Most probably it will be a site that has already been visited by prior robotic missions. It will consist of three main modules: <ol><li>The Surface Habitat (SH) modules, which is the initial dwelling structure and a surface home base for the first residents of the Moon.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a> (LTV), which is an unpressurized rover cart for transporting suited astronauts and cargo around in the vicinity of the Base.</li> <li>The Pressurized Rovers (PR), a pressurized vehicle complete with small backup habitation facilities, thus enabling multi-day and longer-range explorations tens of kilometers away from the Base.<a href="#cite_note-artemis_base_camp-218">[213]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation_on_the_Moon">Transportation on the Moon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Transportation on the Moon">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Landing_zone">Landing zone</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Landing zone">edit</a>]</div> In 2022, NASA has identified 13 candidate regions near the lunar South Pole for initial landing and inspection missions.<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ground_transportation_development">Ground transportation development</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Ground transportation development">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png/310px-NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png/465px-NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png/620px-NASA_Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>NASA's baseline Lunar Terrain Vehicle</figcaption></figure> In February 2020, NASA released two <a href="/wiki/Requests_for_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Requests for information">requests for information</a> regarding both a crewed and uncrewed unpressurized surface rover. The latter, Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) would be prepositioned by a CLPS vehicle before the Artemis III mission. It would be used to transport crews around the exploration site and serve a similar function to the Apollo <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a>. In July 2020, NASA established a program office for the rover at the Johnson Space Center in Houston.<a href="#cite_note-:2-220">[215]</a> NASA has specified its need for a Lunar Terrain Vehicle (LTV) that has a cargo capacity of 800 kg, traversal distances of up to 20 km without battery recharging, continuous operations for 8 hours within a 24-hour period, the ability to survive the lunar night, and the ability to traverse grades as steep as ±20 degrees.<a href="#cite_note-artemis_base_camp-218">[213]</a> On 3 April 2024, NASA announced that <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Outpost_(company)" title="Lunar Outpost (company)">Lunar Outpost</a> and Venturi Astrolab are the three companies developing the LTV in a 12-month feasibility and demo phase.<a href="#cite_note-221">[216]</a> A source selection statement by NASA provided further details on cost and overall feasibility on 9 April 2024. The Intuitive Machines proposal was for $1.692 billion, Lunar Outpost for $1.727 billion and Astrolab for $1.928 billion to develop the vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shelter_building_construction">Shelter building construction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Shelter building construction">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/NASA_lunar_outpost_concepts" title="NASA lunar outpost concepts">NASA lunar outpost concepts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moonbase" title="Moonbase">Moonbase</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Base_Camp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Artemis_Base_Camp.png/310px-Artemis_Base_Camp.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Artemis_Base_Camp.png/465px-Artemis_Base_Camp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Artemis_Base_Camp.png/620px-Artemis_Base_Camp.png 2x" data-file-width="2034" data-file-height="1145" /></a><figcaption>A render of the Artemis Base Camp</figcaption></figure> The Artemis Base Camp is the proposed lunar base to be established at the end of the 2020s. The Base camp is to be located in the south pole region near the two adjacent <a href="/wiki/Shackleton_(crater)" title="Shackleton (crater)">Shackleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Gerlache_(crater)" title="De Gerlache (crater)">de-Gerlache</a> craters,<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> due to this area's wide variety of lunar geography and also due to the abundance of water ice that is believed to exist in the lunar soils of the crater floors. The environs of these craters fall under the guidelines of the <a href="/wiki/Outer_Space_Treaty" title="Outer Space Treaty">Outer Space Treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foundational_Surface_Habitat">Foundational Surface Habitat</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Foundational Surface Habitat">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png/310px-NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png/465px-NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png/620px-NASA_Foundation_Surface_Habitat.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>A render of the Foundational Surface Habitat (stationary configuration)</figcaption></figure> Most of the information about the Surface Habitat (SH) modules comes from studies and launch manifests which include a reference to its launch. It will be commercially built and commercially launched in the early 2030s along with the <a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Space Exploration Vehicle">Pressurized Vehicle (PV)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-225">[220]</a> The SH was formerly referred to as the Artemis Surface Asset. Current launch plans show that landing it on the surface would be similar to the HLS. The SH would be sent to the Gateway where it would then be attached to a descent stage and subsequently transported to the lunar surface with a commercial launcher and lander. It would use the same lunar transfer stage as used for the HLS. Other designs from 2019 see it being launched from an <a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS Block 1B</a> as a single unit and landing directly on the surface. It would then be hooked up to a surface power system launched by a CLPS mission and tested by the Artemis VI crew.<a href="#cite_note-:2-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-ars-lunar-outpost-226">[221]</a> The Italian Space Agency signed a contract with Thales Alenia Space in late 2023 for the Multi Purpose Habitat, which may become the second module for the Artemis Base Camp.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resource_prospecting_and_research_programs">Resource prospecting and research programs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Resource prospecting and research programs">edit</a>]</div> As of February 2020, a lunar stay during a Phase 1 Artemis mission will be about seven days and will have five <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Extravehicular activities">extravehicular activities</a> (EVA). A notional concept of operations, i.e., a hypothetical but possible plan, would include the following: On Day 1 of the stay, astronauts touchdown on the Moon but do not conduct an EVA. Instead, they prepare for the EVA scheduled for the next day, in what is referred to as "The Road to EVA".<a href="#cite_note-ntrs.nasa.gov-229">[224]</a> On Day 2, the astronauts open the hatch on the Human Landing System and embark on EVA 1, which will be six hours long. It will include collecting a contingency sample, conducting public affairs activities, deploying the experiment package, and acquiring samples. The astronauts will stay close to the landing site on this first EVA. EVA 2 begins on day 3. The astronauts characterize and collect samples from <a href="/wiki/Permanently_shadowed_crater" title="Permanently shadowed crater">permanently shadowed regions</a>. Unlike the previous EVA, the astronauts will go farther from the landing site, up to 2 kilometres (1.2 mi), and up and down slopes of 20°.<a href="#cite_note-ntrs.nasa.gov-229">[224]</a> Day 4 will not include an EVA, but Day 5 will. EVA 3 may include activities such as collecting samples from an ejecta blanket. Day 6 will have the two astronauts deploy a geotechnical instrument alongside an environmental monitoring station for <a href="/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization" title="In situ resource utilization">in-situ resource utilization (ISRU)</a>. Day 7 will have the final and shortest EVA. This EVA will last one hour, rather than the others' six hours in duration from egress to ingress, and mostly comprises preparations for the lunar ascent, including jettisoning hardware. Once the final EVA is concluded, the astronauts will return to the Human Landing System and the vehicle will launch from the surface and join up with Orion/Gateway.<a href="#cite_note-ntrs.nasa.gov-229">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pressurized_rover_("Mobile_Habitat")">Pressurized rover ("Mobile Habitat")</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Pressurized rover ("Mobile Habitat")">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png/310px-NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png/465px-NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png/620px-NASA_Habitable_Mobility_Platform.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="456" /></a><figcaption>NASA Habitable Mobility Platform based on the past Constellation <a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Space Exploration Vehicle">Space Exploration Vehicle</a></figcaption></figure> The Pressurized Rover (PR) is a large, pressurized module used to enable crewed operation across large distances and live for multiple days. NASA had developed multiple pressurized rovers including what was formerly called the <a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Space Exploration Vehicle">Space Exploration Vehicle</a> (SEV). This rover was built for the <a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation program</a> and was fabricated and then tested. In the 2020 flight manifest it was later referred to as the "Mobile Habitat" suggesting it could fill a similar role to the <a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Resources_Exploration_Concept" title="International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept">ILREC Lunar Bus</a>. It would be ready for the crew to use on the surface but could also be autonomously controlled from the Gateway or other locations. Mark Kirasich, who is the acting director of NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems, has stated that the current plan is to partner with <a href="/wiki/JAXA" title="JAXA">JAXA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> to develop a closed cabin rover to support crews for up to 14 days (currently known as <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a>). "It's very important to our leadership at the moment to involve JAXA in a major surface element", he said. "... The Japanese, and their auto industry, have a very strong interest in rover-type things. So, there was an idea to—even though we have done a lot of work—to let the Japanese lead development of a pressurized rover. So right now, that's the direction we're heading in". In regard to the PR, senior-lunar-scientist Clive Neal said "Under Constellation, NASA had a sophisticated rover put together. It's pretty sad if it's never going to get to the Moon". However Neal also said that he understands the different mission objectives between the Constellation Program and those of the Artemis Program, and the need of the Artemis Program to focus more on international collaboration.<a href="#cite_note-:2-220">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> On 9 April 2024, it was announced that JAXA and NASA had signed an agreement stipulating that Japan would join the pressurized rover collaboration venture and would design, develop, and operate a rover for crewed and uncrewed exploration of the Moon. In return, NASA will provide the launch and delivery of the rover to the Moon, as well as providing seats for two Japanese astronaut missions to the lunar surface, with the goal of these astronauts being the first non-Americans to travel to the Moon's surface. The pressurized rover is planned to accommodate two astronauts for up to 30 days outside. NASA plans to use the pressurized rover from Artemis VII and subsequent missions, over an approximate 10 year lifespan.<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialized_lunar_equipment_development">Specialized lunar equipment development</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Specialized lunar equipment development">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_space_suits">Artemis space suits</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Artemis space suits">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg/220px-Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg/330px-Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg/440px-Artemis_HLS_xEMU_NASA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3455" data-file-height="2159" /></a><figcaption>xEMU suit for lunar surface <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_activity" title="Extravehicular activity">extravehicular activity</a> (EVA)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg/170px-Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg/255px-Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg/340px-Artemis_Orion_OCSS_Suit_NASA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="4894" /></a><figcaption>OCSS suit for launch and reentry</figcaption></figure> The Artemis program will make use of two types of <a href="/wiki/Space_suit" title="Space suit">space suit</a> revealed in October 2019: the <a href="/wiki/Extravehicular_Mobility_Unit#Future_use_and_replacement" title="Extravehicular Mobility Unit">Exploration Extravehicular Mobility Unit (xEMU)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-xEMU-235">[230]</a> and the Orion Crew Survival System (OCSS).<a href="#cite_note-OCSS-236">[231]</a> On 10 August 2021, a <a href="/wiki/NASA_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="NASA Office of Inspector General">NASA Office of Inspector General</a> audit reported a conclusion that the spacesuits would not be ready until April 2025 at the earliest, likely delaying the mission from the then planned late 2024.<a href="#cite_note-suitdelay-237">[232]</a> In response to the IG report, <a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a> indicated that they could provide the suits.<a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commercial_spacesuits">Commercial spacesuits</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Commercial spacesuits">edit</a>]</div> NASA published a draft RFP to procure commercially-produced spacesuits in order to meet the 2024 schedule.<a href="#cite_note-239">[234]</a> On 2 June 2022, NASA announced that commercially produced spacesuits would be developed by <a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collins_Aerospace" title="Collins Aerospace">Collins Aerospace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a> In early 2024, the development reached the critical design and test phase.<a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[237]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artemis_flights">Artemis flights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Artemis flights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_missions" title="List of Artemis missions">List of Artemis missions</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg/220px-EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg/330px-EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg/440px-EFT-1_Orion_recovery.5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2419" data-file-height="1613" /></a><figcaption>The Orion capsule in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, following the <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">Exploration Flight Test-1</a> mission</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orion_testing">Orion testing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Orion testing">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)#Flights" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion (spacecraft) § Flights</a></div> A prototype version of the Orion Crew Module was launched on <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">Exploration Flight Test-1</a> on 5 December 2014<a href="#cite_note-eft1-1-243">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-eft1-2-244">[239]</a> atop a <a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a> rocket. Its <a href="/wiki/Reaction_control_system" title="Reaction control system">reaction control system</a> and other components were tested during two <a href="/wiki/Medium_Earth_Orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium Earth Orbit">medium Earth orbits</a>, reaching an apogee of 5,800 km (3,600 mi) and crossing the <a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Belts" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Allen Belts">Van Allen radiation belts</a> before making a high-energy re-entry at 32,000 km/h (20,000 mph).<a href="#cite_note-eft1-3-245">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-eft1-4-246">[241]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ascent_Abort-2" title="Ascent Abort-2">Ascent Abort-2</a> test on 2 July 2019 tested the final iteration of the launch abort system on a 10,000 kg (22,000 lb) Orion <a href="/wiki/Boilerplate_(spaceflight)" title="Boilerplate (spaceflight)">boilerplate</a> at maximum aerodynamic load,<a href="#cite_note-aa2-1-247">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa2-2-248">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa2-3-249">[244]</a> using a custom <a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">Minotaur IV</a>-derived launch vehicle built by <a href="/wiki/Orbital_ATK" title="Orbital ATK">Orbital ATK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aa2-3-249">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-aa2-4-250">[245]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_I–VI">Artemis I–VI</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Artemis I–VI">edit</a>]</div> As of November 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit">[update]</a>, all crewed Artemis missions will launch on the Space Launch System from <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B</a>. Current plans call for some supporting hardware to be launched on other vehicles and from other launch pads. <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mission </th> <th class="unsortable">Patch </th> <th>Launch date </th> <th>Crew </th> <th>Launch vehicle </th> <th>Lander vehicle </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Goal </th> <th>Status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> </th> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png/50px-Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png/75px-Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png/100px-Exploration_Mission-1_patch.png 2x" data-file-width="2177" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td>16 November 2022<a href="#cite_note-CNN_Storm_Nicole_Report-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-nasa-20221108-4">[4]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS Block 1</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>25 days<a href="#cite_note-251">[246]</a> </td> <td>Uncrewed <a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit" title="Lunar orbit">lunar orbit</a> and return </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>September 2025 </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Reid_Wiseman" title="Reid Wiseman">Reid Wiseman</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_J._Glover" title="Victor J. Glover">Victor Glover</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Hammock_Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina Hammock Koch">Christina Koch</a> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hansen" title="Jeremy Hansen">Jeremy Hansen</a></li></ul></div> </td> <td>SLS Block 1 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>10 days<a href="#cite_note-artemis-2-oficial-page-252">[247]</a> </td> <td>4-person lunar flyby </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>September 2026<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> Option A <a href="#cite_note-sn-20221030-15">[13]</a> </td> <td>~30 days </td> <td>4-person lunar orbit with 2-person lunar landing.<a href="#cite_note-sn-20211109-253">[248]</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>September 2028<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 1B </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> Option B <a href="#cite_note-sn-20221030-15">[13]</a> </td> <td>~30 days </td> <td>4-person lunar orbit, lunar landing,<a href="#cite_note-sn-20221030-15">[13]</a> and delivery of the <a href="/wiki/International_Habitation_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="International Habitation Module">I-HAB</a> module to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[249]</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>March 2030<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 1B </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a><a href="#cite_note-255">[250]</a> </td> <td>~30 days </td> <td>Lunar landing with the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a> and delivery of the <a href="/wiki/ESPRIT" class="mw-redirect" title="ESPRIT">ESPRIT</a> Refueling Module to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a>, followed by a crewed lunar landing. </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>March 2031<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 1B </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>~30 days </td> <td>Lunar landing with the delivery of the <a href="/wiki/Crew_and_Science_Airlock_Module" title="Crew and Science Airlock Module">Crew and Science Airlock</a> module. </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artemis_VII–XI">Artemis VII–XI</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Artemis VII–XI">edit</a>]</div> In November 2021, plans to return humans to the Moon in 2024 were cancelled, and the <a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> mission was delayed until at least 2025. It has since been delayed to September 2026.<a href="#cite_note-256">[251]</a> Artemis VII is expected to deliver a crew of four astronauts to a <a href="/wiki/NASA_lunar_outpost_concepts" title="NASA lunar outpost concepts">surface lunar outpost</a> known as the Foundation Habitat, along with the Mobile Habitat, which is expected to occur in March 2032.<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sep_2019-176">[171]</a> The Foundation Habitat would be launched back to back with the Mobile Habitat by an undetermined super heavy launcher<a href="#cite_note-Sep_2019-176">[171]</a> and would be used for extended crewed lunar surface missions.<a href="#cite_note-Sep_2019-176">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-plans-258">[253]</a> Prior to each crewed Artemis mission, payloads to the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Gateway</a>, such as refueling depots and expendable elements of the lunar lander, would be deployed by commercial launch vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-spacecom-plans-259">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-plans-258">[253]</a> The most updated manifest includes missions suggested in NASA's timelines that have not been designed or funded from Artemis IV to IX.<a href="#cite_note-govtribe-20211025-260">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-Foust_Aug2019-261">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sep_2019-176">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-225">[220]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Mission </th> <th>Launch date </th> <th>Crew </th> <th>Launch vehicle </th> <th>Duration </th> <th>Goal (proposed) </th></tr> <tr> <th>Artemis VII </th> <td>March 2032<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 1B </td> <td>~30 days </td> <td>Lunar landing with the delivery of the Habitable Mobility Platform (<a href="/wiki/Lunar_Cruiser" title="Lunar Cruiser">Lunar Cruiser</a>) to the surface </td></tr> <tr> <th>Artemis VIII </th> <td>2033 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 1B </td> <td>~60 days </td> <td>Lunar landing with the delivery of lunar surface logistics and the Foundational Surface Habitat </td></tr> <tr> <th>Artemis IX </th> <td>2034 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 2 </td> <td>~60 days </td> <td>Lunar landing with the delivery of additional lunar surface logistics </td></tr> <tr> <th>Artemis X </th> <td>2035 (planned) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 2 </td> <td><180 days </td> <td>Lunar landing – a long-term stay with the delivery of lunar surface logistics </td></tr> <tr> <th>Artemis XI </th> <td>2036 (planned) </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #DDF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="skin-invert no table-no2"><abbr title="To be announced">TBA</abbr> </td> <td>SLS Block 2 </td> <td>~365 days </td> <td>Lunar living – Expansion of lunar surface base and crew shift </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_missions_schedule">Support missions schedule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Support missions schedule">edit</a>]</div> Artemis support missions are robotic missions flown through the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a> program and <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Gateway program</a>, and HLS demo and delivery missions.<a href="#cite_note-Sep_2019-176">[171]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Date <a href="#cite_note-262">[a]</a> </th> <th>Mission objective </th> <th>Mission name </th> <th>Launch vehicle </th> <th>Outcome </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>28 June 2022<a href="#cite_note-263">[257]</a> </td> <td>NRHO Pathfinder mission <a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="CAPSTONE (spacecraft)">CAPSTONE</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[258]</a> </td> <td>CAPSTONE </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electron_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron (rocket)">Electron</a> </td> <td style="background: #CEF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Operational </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 January 2024<a href="#cite_note-265">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[260]</a> </td> <td>First launch of the <a href="/wiki/Peregrine_lunar_lander" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrine lunar lander">Peregrine</a> lunar lander by <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[261]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[262]</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-failure">Failure </td> <td>Landing abandoned due to excessive propellant leak and Sun-pointer issue in the lander.<a href="#cite_note-269">[263]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 February 2024<a href="#cite_note-270">[264]</a> </td> <td>First launch of the <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C" title="Intuitive Machines Nova-C">Intuitive Machines Nova-C</a> Odysseus lunar lander by <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a><a href="#cite_note-ars20191217-145">[142]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a> <a href="/wiki/Odysseus_lander" class="mw-redirect" title="Odysseus lander">Odysseus lander</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 2025<a href="#cite_note-sn-20240912-im2-271">[265]</a> </td> <td>Second launch of an <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C" title="Intuitive Machines Nova-C">Intuitive Machines Nova-C</a> lunar lander by <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a>. One of the payloads is <a href="/wiki/PRIME-1" title="PRIME-1">PRIME-1</a>, an <a href="/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization" title="In situ resource utilization">ISRU</a> demonstration. </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2 Athena</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Scheduled </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 2025<a href="#cite_note-272">[266]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Astrobotic Technology</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology" title="Astrobotic Technology">Griffin lunar lander</a><a href="#cite_note-NASA_11June2020-273">[267]</a> </td> <td>Griffin Mission-1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[268]</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 2025<a href="#cite_note-sn-20240813-275">[269]</a> </td> <td>Third launch of an <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C" title="Intuitive Machines Nova-C">Intuitive Machines Nova-C</a> lunar lander by <a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines" title="Intuitive Machines">Intuitive Machines</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IM-3" class="mw-redirect" title="IM-3">IM-3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Scheduled </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2025<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> uncrewed HLS Demo landing mission </td> <td>HLS Uncrewed Lunar Demo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2026<a href="#cite_note-spo-20240109-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a> </td> <td>Delivery of <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> for Artemis III </td> <td>HLS Crewed Lunar Demo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2027<a href="#cite_note-gao-20240731-149">[146]</a> </td> <td>Launch of the <a href="/wiki/Power_and_Propulsion_Element" title="Power and Propulsion Element">Power and Propulsion Element</a> (PPE) and the <a href="/wiki/Habitation_and_Logistics_Outpost" title="Habitation and Logistics Outpost">Habitation and Logistics Outpost</a> (HALO) as an integrated assembly. First two Lunar Gateway modules. </td> <td>PPE-HALO </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td>Artemis support mission </td></tr> <tr> <td>2028<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td>Lunar Surface Power Demo; Lunar Surface Scaled Construction Demo 1; ISRU Pilot Excavator; ISRU Subscale Demo </td> <td>TO LIFT-1 </td> <td>Commercial launch vehicle </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2028<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a> </td> <td>Delivery of <a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship HLS</a> for Artemis IV </td> <td>Sustaining HLS Crewed Lunar Demo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2028<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> uncrewed HLS Demo landing mission </td> <td>Sustaining HLS Uncrewed Lunar Demo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2029<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a> </td> <td>Delivery of <a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a> <a href="/wiki/Artemis_HLS_development_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis HLS development history">HLS</a> for Artemis V </td> <td>Sustaining HLS Crewed Lunar Demo </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2031<a href="#cite_note-sn-20230313-14">[12]</a> </td> <td>Delivery of TBD <a href="/wiki/Artemis_HLS_development_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis HLS development history">HLS</a> for Artemis VI </td> <td>TBD Sustaining HLS Services </td> <td>Commercial launch vehicle </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2032<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td>Lunar Surface Scaled Construction Demo 2; Autonomous Robotics Demo; Deployable Hopper 2; ISRU Subscale Demo 2 </td> <td>TO LIFT-2 </td> <td>Commercial launch vehicle </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2032<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td>Fission Surface Power Demo </td> <td>Artemis support mission </td> <td>Commercial launch vehicle </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2032<a href="#cite_note-fy25-m2m-16">[14]</a> </td> <td>Delivery of TBD <a href="/wiki/Artemis_HLS_development_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis HLS development history">HLS</a> for Artemis VII </td> <td>TBD Sustaining HLS Services </td> <td>Commercial launch vehicle </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-planned">Planned </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> All future dates in the table are <abbr title="no earlier than">NET</abbr> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> The Artemis program has received criticism from several space professionals. Mark Whittington, who is a contributor to <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a> and an author of several space exploration studies, stated in an article that the "lunar orbit project doesn't help us get back to the Moon".<a href="#cite_note-276">[270]</a> Aerospace engineer, author, and <a href="/wiki/Mars_Society" title="Mars Society">Mars Society</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zubrin" title="Robert Zubrin">Robert Zubrin</a> has voiced his distaste for the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Gateway</a>, which is part of the Artemis program as of 2027. He presented an alternative approach to a 2024 crewed lunar landing called "Moon Direct", a successor to his proposed <a href="/wiki/Mars_Direct" title="Mars Direct">Mars Direct</a>. His vision phases out the SLS and Orion, replacing them with the <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_launch_vehicles" title="SpaceX launch vehicles">SpaceX launch vehicles</a> and <a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">SpaceX Dragon 2</a>. It proposes using a heavy ferry/lander that would be refueled on the lunar surface via <a href="/wiki/In_situ_resource_utilization" title="In situ resource utilization">in situ resource utilization</a> and transfer the crew from LEO to the lunar surface. The concept bears a heavy resemblance to NASA's own <a href="/wiki/Space_Transportation_System" title="Space Transportation System">Space Transportation System</a> proposal from the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-277">[271]</a> <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> astronaut <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> disagrees with NASA's current goals and priorities, including their plans for a lunar outpost. He questioned the benefit of the idea to "send a crew to an intermediate point in space, pick up a lander there and go down". However, Aldrin expressed support for Robert Zubrin's "Moon Direct" concept which involves lunar landers traveling from Earth orbit to the lunar surface and back.<a href="#cite_note-spacenews_lunar-exploration-plans-278">[272]</a> The program attracted criticism for the fact that at least 15 launches will be required to refuel HLS in orbit per crewed mission.<a href="#cite_note-279">[273]</a> In 2024, SpaceX's Jennifer Jensen stated on a call that Starship HLS will require ten launches.<a href="#cite_note-280">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Gallery">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 465px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 460px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_Phase_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Outdated planned missions of the Artemis program"><img alt="Outdated planned missions of the Artemis program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artemis_Phase_1.jpg/430px-Artemis_Phase_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="430" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artemis_Phase_1.jpg/645px-Artemis_Phase_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Artemis_Phase_1.jpg/860px-Artemis_Phase_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="1650" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Outdated planned missions of the Artemis program</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 465px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 460px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The-Initial-Phase-Gateway-with-Orion,-an-HLS-and-a-logistics-module-docked.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phase 1 Gateway with an Orion and HLS docked on Artemis III"><img alt="Phase 1 Gateway with an Orion and HLS docked on Artemis III" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The-Initial-Phase-Gateway-with-Orion%2C-an-HLS-and-a-logistics-module-docked.jpg/430px-The-Initial-Phase-Gateway-with-Orion%2C-an-HLS-and-a-logistics-module-docked.jpg" decoding="async" width="430" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/The-Initial-Phase-Gateway-with-Orion%2C-an-HLS-and-a-logistics-module-docked.jpg/645px-The-Initial-Phase-Gateway-with-Orion%2C-an-HLS-and-a-logistics-module-docked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/The-Initial-Phase-Gateway-with-Orion%2C-an-HLS-and-a-logistics-module-docked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="822" data-file-height="463" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Phase 1 Gateway with an Orion and HLS docked on Artemis III</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 465px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 460px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A concept of surface operations"><img alt="A concept of surface operations" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png/430px-Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png" decoding="async" width="430" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png/645px-Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png/860px-Artemis_program_astronauts_lunar_craterv2.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">A concept of surface operations</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 465px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 460px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Artemis I flight path"><img alt="Artemis I flight path" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg/430px-Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="430" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg/645px-Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg/860px-Artemis_I_map_October_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="2475" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Artemis I flight path</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 465px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 460px; height: 280px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SLS atop the MLP being carried by the CT out of the VAB at Kennedy Space Center in Florida"><img alt="SLS atop the MLP being carried by the CT out of the VAB at Kennedy Space Center in Florida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg/167px-Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg/250px-Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg/333px-Artemis_I_SLS_in_the_VAB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4367" data-file-height="6550" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> atop the <a href="/wiki/Mobile_launcher_platform" title="Mobile launcher platform">MLP</a> being carried by the <a href="/wiki/Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">CT</a> out of the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">VAB</a> at Kennedy Space Center in Florida</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/22px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/34px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/45px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a> – 1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chinese Lunar Exploration Program</a> – Chinese crewed lunar program with international partners e.g. Russia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a> – Settlement on the Moon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_Astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Artemis Astronauts">List of Artemis Astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Crew Development">Commercial Crew Development</a> – NASA space program partnership with space companiesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Transport" title="Deep Space Transport">Deep Space Transport</a> – Crewed interplanetary spacecraft concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a> – Crewed lunar program proposal from the <a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">SEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> – Planned International lunar base</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Resources_Exploration_Concept" title="International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept">International Lunar Resources Exploration Concept</a> – Lunar exploration concept</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_spacecraft" title="List of crewed spacecraft">List of crewed spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_23" title="NASA Astronaut Group 23">NASA Astronaut Group 23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Space policy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Lunar_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Lunar Time">Coordinated Lunar Time</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> An Orion capsule was <a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">flown</a> in 2014, but not the entire Orion spacecraft. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> If an ancillary mission has already delivered Gateway to NRHO, HLS and Orion will dock to Gateway instead of to each other. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NASA_OIG_2021-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_OIG_2021_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NASA_OIG_2021_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNASA_Office_of_Inspector_General2021" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/NASA_Office_of_Inspector_General" title="NASA Office of Inspector General">NASA Office of Inspector General</a> (15 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" 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SpaceNews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240528091337/https://www.webcitation.org/73G20C9WA?url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-emphasizes-commercial-lunar-lander-plans-with-resource-prospector-cancellation/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2018. <q>... selected but unspecified instruments from RP will instead be flown on future commercial lunar lander missions under a new Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. NASA released a draft request for proposals for that program April 27. [...] Under CLPS, NASA plans to issue multiple indefinite-delivery indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contracts to companies capable of delivering payloads to the lunar surface. Companies would have to demonstrate their ability to land at least 10 kilograms of payload on the lunar surface by the end of 2021.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+emphasizes+commercial+lunar+lander+plans+with+Resource+Prospector+cancellation&rft.pub=SpaceNews&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnasa-emphasizes-commercial-lunar-lander-plans-with-resource-prospector-cancellation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-spacenews-3-106"><a href="#cite_ref-spacenews-3_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerner2018" class="citation web cs1">Werner, Debra (24 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-buy-rides-on-commercial-landers-by-years-end/">"NASA to begin buying rides on commercial lunar landers by year's end"</a>. spacenews.com. 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Retrieved 18 October 2018. <q>NASA also will look for payloads for the miniature landers in addition to landers capable of delivering 500 to 1000 kilograms to the surface of the Moon.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spacenews.com&rft.atitle=NASA+to+begin+buying+rides+on+commercial+lunar+landers+by+year%27s+end&rft.date=2018-05-24&rft.aulast=Werner&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fnasa-to-buy-rides-on-commercial-landers-by-years-end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CLPS_qual-20181129-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CLPS_qual-20181129_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLPS_qual-20181129_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLPS_qual-20181129_107-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLPS_qual-20181129_107-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CLPS_qual-20181129_107-4">e</a> <img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-announces-new-partnerships-for-commercial-lunar-payload-delivery-services">"NASA Announces New Partnerships for Commercial Lunar Payload Delivery Services"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved 28 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+Awards+Artemis+Contract+for+Gateway+Logistics+Services&rft.date=2020-03-27&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-awards-artemis-contract-for-gateway-logistics-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-a3-1-155"><a href="#cite_ref-a3-1_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeitering2019" class="citation web cs1">Weitering, Hanneke (23 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/nasa-moon-missions-before-2024.html">"NASA Has a Full Plate of Lunar Missions Before Astronauts Can Return to Moon"</a>. Space.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525032714/https://www.space.com/nasa-moon-missions-before-2024.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019. <q>And before NASA sends astronauts to the moon in 2024, the agency will first have to launch five aspects of the Gateway, all of which will be commercial vehicles that launch separately and join each other in lunar orbit. First, a power and propulsion element will launch in 2022. Then, the crew module will launch (without a crew) in 2023. In 2024, during the months leading up to the crewed landing, NASA will launch the last critical components: a transfer vehicle that will ferry landers from the Gateway to a lower lunar orbit, a descent module that will bring the astronauts to the lunar surface, and an ascent module that will bring them back up to the transfer vehicle, which will then return them to the Gateway.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Has+a+Full+Plate+of+Lunar+Missions+Before+Astronauts+Can+Return+to+Moon&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft.aulast=Weitering&rft.aufirst=Hanneke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnasa-moon-missions-before-2024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2021" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Marcia (26 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nelson-watch-the-chinese/">"Nelson: "Watch the Chinese""</a>. 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Retrieved 10 August 2021. <q>, the suits would not be ready for flight until April 2025 at the earliest ... a lunar landing in late 2024 as NASA currently plans is not feasible.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA%27s+development+of+next-generation+spacesuits&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foig.nasa.gov%2Fdocs%2FIG-21-025.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/10/elon-musk-spacex-could-make-new-astronaut-spacesuits-for-nasa.html">"Elon Musk offers for SpaceX to make NASA spacesuits, after watchdog says program to cost $1 billion"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elon+Musk+offers+for+SpaceX+to+make+NASA+spacesuits%2C+after+watchdog+says+program+to+cost+%241+billion&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F08%2F10%2Felon-musk-spacex-could-make-new-astronaut-spacesuits-for-nasa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-empowers-industry-in-spacesuit-plan-for-artemis-space-station">"NASA Empowers Industry in Spacesuit Plan for Artemis, Space Station"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Artemis+moon+spacesuits+prepped+for+tests+ahead+of+delayed+2026+lunar+landing&rft.date=2024-01-23&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fartemis-moon-spacesuit-axiom-space-milestone-aim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer2024" class="citation web cs1">Boyer, Charles (29 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://talkoftitusville.com/2024/04/29/axiom-space-tests-lunar-eva-suit-at-neutral-buoyancy-lab-in-houston/">"Axiom Space Tests Lunar EVA Suit At Neutral Buoyancy Lab In Houston"</a>. TalkOfTitusville.com. 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Immediately, Nasa tweeted "Liftoff! #Orion's flight test launches a critical step on our #JourneytoMars".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Orion+spacecraft%27s+flawless+test+flight+puts+Mars+exploration+one+step+closer&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.au=Sample%2C+Ian&rft.au=Yuhas%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2014%2Fdec%2F05%2Fnasa-orion-capsule-launch-successful-space-exploration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eft1-3-245"><a href="#cite_ref-eft1-3_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer2014" class="citation web cs1">Kramer, Miriam (5 December 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/27936-nasa-orion-spaceship-survives-test-flight.html">"Splashdown! 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Retrieved 17 October 2018. <q>Orion's key systems were put to the test during the flight, which launched atop a United Launch Alliance Delta 4 Heavy rocket [...] the craft hit Earth's atmosphere as the capsule was flying through space at about 20,000 mph (32,000 km/h).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Splashdown%21+NASA%27s+Orion+Spaceship+Survives+Epic+Test+Flight+as+New+Era+Begins&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2014-12-05&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F27936-nasa-orion-spaceship-survives-test-flight.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eft1-4-246"><a href="#cite_ref-eft1-4_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2014/12/04/orion-exploration-flight-test-no-1-timeline/">"Orion Exploration Flight Test No. 1 timeline"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 May 2019. <q>This will be the second and final planned LAS test following the Pad Abort-1 (PA-1) development test conducted in 2010 as a part of the ccanceled [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] Constellation Program and the abort system design changed from PA-1 to AA-2 both inside and outside [...] in preparation for a scheduled daybreak test on 2 July 2010.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Orion+AA-2+vehicle+at+the+launch+pad+for+July+test&rft.pub=NASASpaceFlight.com&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Sloss&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasaspaceflight.com%2F2019%2F05%2Fnasa-orion-aa-2-vehicle-launch-pad-july-test%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aa2-2-248"><a href="#cite_ref-aa2-2_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2018-08-image-orion-crew-capsule.html">"Image: The Orion test crew capsule"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 July 2021. <q>Delivery of I-Hab to the Gateway will be via the SLS Block 1B launch vehicle with Orion providing orbital insertion and docking.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=FY+2022+Budget+Estimates+%E2%80%93+Gateway+%E2%80%93+Program+Projects+%E2%80%93+International+Habitat+%28I-Hab%29&rft.pages=97&rft.date=2021-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fatoms%2Ffiles%2Ffy2022_congressional_justification_nasa_budget_request.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Shea2023" class="citation web cs1">O'Shea, Claire (19 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-selects-blue-origin-as-second-artemis-lunar-lander-provider">"NASA Selects Blue Origin as Second Artemis Lunar Lander Provider"</a>. 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Retrieved 24 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Selects+Astrobotic+to+Fly+Water-Hunting+Rover+to+the+Moon&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-selects-astrobotic-to-fly-water-hunting-rover-to-the-moon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/astrobotic-selects-falcon-heavy-to-launch-nasas-viper-lunar-rover/">"Astrobotic selects Falcon Heavy to launch NASA's VIPER lunar rover"</a>. 13 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210419082626/https://spacenews.com/astrobotic-selects-falcon-heavy-to-launch-nasas-viper-lunar-rover/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 14 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astrobotic+selects+Falcon+Heavy+to+launch+NASA%27s+VIPER+lunar+rover&rft.date=2021-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fastrobotic-selects-falcon-heavy-to-launch-nasas-viper-lunar-rover%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sn-20240813-275"><a href="#cite_ref-sn-20240813_275-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2024" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (13 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-seeks-to-take-over-nasas-viper-lunar-rover/">"Intuitive Machines seeks to take over NASA's VIPER lunar rover"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SpaceNews" title="SpaceNews">SpaceNews</a>. Retrieved 13 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNews&rft.atitle=Intuitive+Machines+seeks+to+take+over+NASA%27s+VIPER+lunar+rover&rft.date=2024-08-13&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fintuitive-machines-seeks-to-take-over-nasas-viper-lunar-rover%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittington2018" class="citation web cs1">Whittington, Mark (16 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/392611-nasas-unnecessary-504-million-lunar-orbit-project-doesnt-help-us-get-back">"NASA's unnecessary US$504 million lunar orbit project doesn't help us get back to the Moon"</a>. The Hill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114223317/https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/392611-nasas-unnecessary-504-million-lunar-orbit-project-doesnt-help-us-get-back">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=NASA%27s+unnecessary+US%24504+million+lunar+orbit+project+doesn%27t+help+us+get+back+to+the+Moon&rft.date=2018-06-16&rft.aulast=Whittington&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fopinion%2Ftechnology%2F392611-nasas-unnecessary-504-million-lunar-orbit-project-doesnt-help-us-get-back&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428040537/https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/moon-direct">"Moon Direct – The New Atlantis"</a>. 28 April 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/moon-direct">the original</a> on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moon+Direct+%E2%80%93+The+New+Atlantis&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewatlantis.com%2Fpublications%2Fmoon-direct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-spacenews_lunar-exploration-plans-278"><a href="#cite_ref-spacenews_lunar-exploration-plans_278-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2018" class="citation news cs1">Foust, Jeff (16 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacenews.com/advisory-group-skeptical-of-nasa-lunar-exploration-plans/">"Advisory group skeptical of NASA lunar exploration plans"</a>. SpaceNews. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Advisory+group+skeptical+of+NASA+lunar+exploration+plans&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacenews.com%2Fadvisory-group-skeptical-of-nasa-lunar-exploration-plans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/at-least-15-starship-launches-to-execute-artemis-iii-lunar-landing/">"At Least 15 Starship Launches Needed to Execute Artemis III Lunar Landing"</a>. Retrieved 30 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+Least+15+Starship+Launches+Needed+to+Execute+Artemis+III+Lunar+Landing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspacepolicyonline.com%2Fnews%2Fat-least-15-starship-launches-to-execute-artemis-iii-lunar-landing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoust2024" class="citation web cs1">Foust, Jeff (9 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/jeff_foust/status/1744807740021633382">"Jeff Foust on X: "Best part of the just-completed briefing: question about how many refueling launches will be needed for Starship HLS...""</a>. X. Retrieved 10 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=X&rft.atitle=Jeff+Foust+on+X%3A+%22Best+part+of+the+just-completed+briefing%3A+question+about+how+many+refueling+launches+will+be+needed+for+Starship+HLS...%22&rft.date=2024-01-09&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fjeff_foust%2Fstatus%2F1744807740021633382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBridenstineGrush2019" class="citation web cs1">Bridenstine, Jim; Grush, Loren (17 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190525033510/https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/17/18627839/nasa-administrator-jim-bridenstine-artemis-moon-program-budget-amendment">"NASA administrator on new Moon plan: "We're doing this in a way that's never been done before""</a>. The Verge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/5/17/18627839/nasa-administrator-jim-bridenstine-artemis-moon-program-budget-amendment">the original</a> on 25 May 2019. 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Retrieved 25 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Has+a+Full+Plate+of+Lunar+Missions+Before+Astronauts+Can+Return+to+Moon&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Foust&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fnasa-moon-missions-before-2024.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrush2018" class="citation web cs1">Grush, Loren (3 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181003152411/https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/3/17928326/lockheed-martin-crewed-lunar-lander-concept-nasa">"This is Lockheed Martin's idea for a reusable lander that carries people and cargo to the Moon"</a>. The Verge. 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Retrieved 18 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+is+Lockheed+Martin%27s+idea+for+a+reusable+lander+that+carries+people+and+cargo+to+the+Moon&rft.pub=The+Verge&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Grush&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2018%2F10%2F3%2F17928326%2Flockheed-martin-crewed-lunar-lander-concept-nasa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"></li> <li><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/111th-congress/senate-bill/3729">"S.3729 – National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010"</a>. 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Retrieved 9 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S.3729+%E2%80%93+National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration+Authorization+Act+of+2010&rft.pub=United+States+Congress&rft.date=2010-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F111th-congress%2Fsenate-bill%2F3729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArtemis+program" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemis_program&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artemis_program" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artemis program">Artemis program</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/moon-to-mars">Moon to Mars portal</a> at NASA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/">Artemis program</a> at NASA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/esd-monthly-highlight-report">Monthly report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201004002751/https://www.nasa.gov/content/esd-monthly-highlight-report">Archived</a> 4 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the Exploration Systems Development (ESD)</li> <li>View Artemis I in NASA's Eyes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eyes.nasa.gov/apps/solar-system/#/sc_artemis_1">Eyes on the Solar System – NASA/JPL</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artemis_program" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Artemis_program" title="Template:Artemis program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Artemis_program" title="Template talk:Artemis program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Artemis_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Artemis program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artemis_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_missions" title="List of Artemis missions">List of missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Artemis_astronauts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Artemis astronauts">astronauts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Logistics_Services" title="Gateway Logistics Services">Gateway Logistics Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Blue Ghost M1</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> (2030)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Artemis_program_(original_with_wordmark).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emblem of the Artemis program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/80px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/120px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg/160px-Artemis_program_%28original_with_wordmark%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Space_Agency" title="Australian Space Agency">Australian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Space_Agency" title="Canadian Space Agency">Canadian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Aerospace_Exploration_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Space_Agency_of_Ukraine" title="State Space Agency of Ukraine">State Space Agency of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">Korea Aerospace Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Space_Agency" title="New Zealand Space Agency">New Zealand Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Space_Agency" title="Brazilian Space Agency">Brazilian Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Space_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Space Commission">Saudi Space Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Canaveral Space Force Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC-37B" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-37B">SLC-37B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-40" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-40">SLC-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-41" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-41">SLC-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-46" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-46">SLC-46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LC-39A" class="mw-redirect" title="LC-39A">LC-39A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC-39B" class="mw-redirect" title="LC-39B">LC-39B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_South_Texas_launch_site" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX South Texas launch site">SpaceX Starbase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandenberg_Space_Force_Base" title="Vandenberg Space Force Base">Vandenberg Space Force Base</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SLC-3E" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-3E">SLC-3E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLC-4E" class="mw-redirect" title="SLC-4E">SLC-4E</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_Missile_Range" title="White Sands Missile Range">White Sands Missile Range</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_Landing_System" title="Human Landing System">Human Landing System</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starship_HLS" title="Starship HLS">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)"> Blue Moon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Terrain_Vehicle" title="Lunar Terrain Vehicle">Lunar Terrain Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Robotic spacecraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HERACLES_(spacecraft)" title="HERACLES (spacecraft)">HERACLES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intuitive_Machines_Nova-C" title="Intuitive Machines Nova-C">Nova-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peregrine (spacecraft)">Peregrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Artemis_program" title="Category:Artemis program">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orion_spacecraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orion_spacecraft" title="Template:Orion spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orion_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Orion spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orion_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orion spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orion_spacecraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion spacecraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)#Crew_module_(CM)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Crew module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">European Service Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Maneuvering_System" title="Orbital Maneuvering System">Orbital Maneuvering System</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Orion spacecraft"><img alt="Emblem of the Orion spacecraft" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg/80px-Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg/120px-Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg/160px-Orion_Triangle_Patch.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Ground_Systems" title="Exploration Ground Systems">Exploration Ground Systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">Delta IV Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Abort_Test_Booster" class="mw-redirect" title="Orion Abort Test Booster">Orion Abort Test Booster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">Space Launch System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors or Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crew_Exploration_Vehicle" title="Crew Exploration Vehicle">Crew Exploration Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_V" title="Ares V">Ares V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I" title="Ares I">Ares I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Orion_abort_modes" title="Orion abort modes">Abort tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Launch_Abort_System" title="Max Launch Abort System">MLAS</a> (Jul 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort-1" title="Pad Abort-1">Pad Abort-1</a> (May 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascent_Abort-2" title="Ascent Abort-2">Ascent Abort-2</a> (Jul 2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ares_I-X" title="Ares I-X">Ares I-X</a> (Oct 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_Flight_Test-1" title="Exploration Flight Test-1">Exploration Flight Test-1</a> (Dec 2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a> (Nov 2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> (2030)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Future missions indicated in italics.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Category:Orion (spacecraft)">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History (<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–Mir</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos State Corporation</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a> (human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)">Sojourner rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)">Ingenuity helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)">Curiosity rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)">Perseverance rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)">Solar System Family Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:NASA" title="Category:NASA">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:NASA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:NASA">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (propulsion module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">(Chandrayaan-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">Artemis VII</a> (2032)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VIII">Artemis VIII</a> (2033)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">Luna 30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">Luna 31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E3</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled / concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in italics.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_human_spaceflight_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template:US human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template talk:US human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_human_spaceflight_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight_programs" title="Human spaceflight programs">human spaceflight programs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_program" class="mw-redirect" title="International Space Station program">International Space Station</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:S66-63536.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/S66-63536.jpg/130px-S66-63536.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/S66-63536.jpg/195px-S66-63536.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/S66-63536.jpg/260px-S66-63536.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6856" data-file-height="4741" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Completed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Apollo Applications</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle-Mir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canceled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_X-20_Dyna-Soar" title="Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar">Dyna-Soar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HL-20_Personnel_Launch_System" title="HL-20 Personnel Launch System">HL-20 Personnel Launch System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_in_Space_Soonest" title="Man in Space Soonest">Man in Space Soonest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory" title="Manned Orbiting Laboratory">Manned Orbiting Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(rocket)" title="Nova (rocket)">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_Space_Plane_Program" title="Orbital Space Plane Program">Orbital Space Plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Orion_(nuclear_propulsion)" title="Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)">Orion (nuclear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_X-30" title="Rockwell X-30">NASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Station_Freedom" title="Space Station Freedom">Freedom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/38px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/25px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/33px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/38px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/32px-Earth-moon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/42px-Earth-moon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Outer_space" title="Portal:Outer space">Outer space</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/15px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/23px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/30px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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Template:Annotated_link"," 4.06% 156.425 3 Template:Harvard_citation_no_brackets"," 3.24% 124.696 1 Template:United_States_space_program_sidebar"," 3.16% 121.668 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 2.64% 101.745 1 Template:Excerpt"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.454","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23478783,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAguiar2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmos2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarensky2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartels2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBelam2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2019a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2020\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFBerger2021\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBergin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonilla2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyer2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBridenstineGrush2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullard2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurghardt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurghardt2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBy2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChang2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClarkSampleYuhas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnolly2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCrane2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavenport2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavenport2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldscher2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFernholz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFigliozzi2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFletcher2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2019\"] = 7,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2019a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2021\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2022\"] = 6,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoust2024\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFGallois2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGebhardt2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGebhardt2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGebhardt2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGramenz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreicius2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrush2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrush2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFGrush2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHambleton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarwood2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHautaluoma2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowell2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowell2024\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraft2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKramer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrone2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKyle2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoff2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMahoney2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCrea2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGuinnessRussellSudnikPotter2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMessier2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoskowitz2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA_Office_of_Inspector_General2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNASA_Orion_Spacecraft2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNassar2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Shea2023\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFOrbital_Sciences_Corporation2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearlman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearlman2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlanetary_Society\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotter2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotter2020\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFReview_of_U.S._Human_Space_Flight_Plans_CommitteeAugustineAustinChyba\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRincon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoulette2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSamantha_Mathewson2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeptember_20202020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharp2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheetz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheetz2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheetz2021\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFSloss2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSloss2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSloss2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSloss2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStamm2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVance2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWall2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWall2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattles2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattlesStrickland2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeitering2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeitering2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWerner2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittington2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitze2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFupdated2022\"] = 1,\n [\"Flights\"] = 1,\n [\"Missions\"] = 1,\n [\"Solicitation_80JSC019GTWYHAB\"] = 1,\n [\"Spacesuits\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 2,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 2,\n [\"Annotated link\"] = 8,\n [\"Artemis program\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 48,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 10,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 205,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 5,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 6,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"Efn-lr\"] = 2,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Failure\"] = 1,\n [\"Flag\"] = 11,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 8,\n [\"Further\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvard citation no brackets\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox space program\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 15,\n [\"Moon spacecraft\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"N/A\"] = 3,\n [\"NASA space program\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 3,\n [\"Notelist-lr\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Operational\"] = 1,\n [\"Orion program\"] = 1,\n [\"Planned\"] = 17,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Scheduled\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Source attribution\"] = 1,\n [\"Source-attribution\"] = 31,\n [\"Spaceflight crew\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Success\"] = 2,\n [\"TBA\"] = 10,\n [\"US human spaceflight programs\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 4,\n [\"United States space program sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"Yes\"] = 6,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","400","16.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","380","15.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","12.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","180","7.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","4.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","2.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","60","2.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","1.6"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Date_validation\u003E","40","1.6"],["[others]","840","33.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-wlk6k","timestamp":"20241128195120","ttl":187726,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script 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