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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Germanic regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Germanic_regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Germanic regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Germanic_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tyrol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tyrol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tyrol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tyrol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Celtic_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Celtic_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Celtic regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Celtic_regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Celtic regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Celtic_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Estonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hungary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hungary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Hungary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hungary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-North_America-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle North America subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">May Day</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88" title="يوم مايو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوم مايو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="मई दिवस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मई दिवस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prvn%C3%AD_m%C3%A1j_(sv%C3%A1tek_zamilovan%C3%BDch)" title="První máj (svátek zamilovaných) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="První máj (svátek zamilovaných)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauchtum_im_Mai" title="Brauchtum im Mai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brauchtum im Mai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%AC" title="Πρωτομαγιά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτομαγιά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festividad_de_los_Mayos" title="Festividad de los Mayos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Festividad de los Mayos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%87" title="روز مه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روز مه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altj%C3%B3%C3%B0a_arbei%C3%B0aradagur" title="Altjóða arbeiðaradagur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Altjóða arbeiðaradagur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAtes_de_mai" title="Fêtes de mai – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fêtes de mai" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1_Bealtaine" title="Lá Bealtaine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lá Bealtaine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festa_dos_maios" title="Festa dos maios – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Festa dos maios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%9B%94%EC%A0%9C" title="오월제 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오월제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8" title="मई दिवस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मई दिवस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Mei" title="Hari Mei – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hari Mei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Day_(festivit%C3%A0)" title="May Day (festività) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="May Day (festività)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalendae_Maiae" title="Kalendae Maiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kalendae Maiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Mei" title="Hari Mei – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hari Mei" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%91%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88%E7%A5%AD" title="ヨーロッパの五月祭 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨーロッパの五月祭" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਈ ਦਿਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਈ ਦਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia_de_Maio" title="Dia de Maio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dia de Maio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Первомайские обычаи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Первомайские обычаи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Први мај – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Први мај" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araw_ng_Mayo" title="Araw ng Mayo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Araw ng Mayo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%87_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="మే దినోత్సవం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మే దినోత్సవం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="เมย์เดย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมย์เดย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Травневе свято – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Травневе свято" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the holiday at the start of May. For the labour-related holiday, see <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a>. For the distress signal, see <a href="/wiki/Mayday" title="Mayday">Mayday</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/May_Day_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="May Day (disambiguation)">May Day (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hd" style="background-color: darkkhaki">May Day</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maypole_Dancing_at_Bishopstone_Church,_Sussex_-_geograph.org.uk_-_727031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Maypole_Dancing_at_Bishopstone_Church%2C_Sussex_-_geograph.org.uk_-_727031.jpg/200px-Maypole_Dancing_at_Bishopstone_Church%2C_Sussex_-_geograph.org.uk_-_727031.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Maypole_Dancing_at_Bishopstone_Church%2C_Sussex_-_geograph.org.uk_-_727031.jpg/300px-Maypole_Dancing_at_Bishopstone_Church%2C_Sussex_-_geograph.org.uk_-_727031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Maypole_Dancing_at_Bishopstone_Church%2C_Sussex_-_geograph.org.uk_-_727031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="caption"><a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">Maypole</a> dancing at <a href="/wiki/Bishopstone,_East_Sussex" title="Bishopstone, East Sussex">Bishopstone</a> Church, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>, in England, UK in 2006</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">Public holiday</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Significance</th><td class="infobox-data summary">European festival of ancient origins marking the beginning of summer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1_May" class="mw-redirect" title="1 May">1 May</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>May Day</b> is a European festival of ancient origins marking the beginning of summer, usually celebrated on <a href="/wiki/1_May" class="mw-redirect" title="1 May">1 May</a>, around halfway between the <a href="/wiki/March_equinox" title="March equinox">Northern Hemisphere's Spring equinox</a> and <a href="/wiki/June_solstice" title="June solstice">June solstice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Festivities may also be held the night before, known as <b>May Eve</b>. Traditions often include gathering wildflowers and green branches ("bringing in the May"),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weaving floral <a href="/wiki/Garland" title="Garland">garlands</a>, crowning a <a href="/wiki/May_Queen" title="May Queen">May Queen</a> (sometimes with a <a href="/wiki/Jack_in_the_Green" title="Jack in the Green">male companion</a>), and setting up a <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">Maypole</a>, May Tree or May Bush, around which people dance and sing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bonfire" title="Bonfire">Bonfires</a> are also a major part of the festival in some regions. Regional varieties and related traditions include <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a> in central and northern Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-Melton_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> festival <a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hutton_Beltane_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutton_Beltane-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Welsh</a> festival <a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hutton_Beltane_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hutton_Beltane-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/May_devotions_to_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary">May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</a>. It has also been associated with the <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">ancient Roman</a> festival <a href="/wiki/Floralia" title="Floralia">Floralia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a> observed on 1 May is also called "May Day", but the two have different histories. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_celebrations">Origins and celebrations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and celebrations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sketch_for_Floralia_(1888)_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sketch_for_Floralia_%281888%29_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg/250px-Sketch_for_Floralia_%281888%29_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sketch_for_Floralia_%281888%29_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg/375px-Sketch_for_Floralia_%281888%29_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Sketch_for_Floralia_%281888%29_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg/500px-Sketch_for_Floralia_%281888%29_by_Antonio_Reyna_Manescau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption><i>Floralia</i> by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mar%C3%ADa_Reyna_Manescau" title="Antonio María Reyna Manescau">Antonio María Reyna Manescau</a> (1888).</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg/250px-St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg/375px-St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg/500px-St._George%27s_Kermis_with_the_Dance_around_the_Maypole_by_Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="1356" /></a><figcaption>Maypole dancing in the Netherlands, by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Brueghel_the_Younger" title="Pieter Brueghel the Younger">Pieter Brueghel the Younger</a> (16th century).</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest known May celebrations appeared with the <a href="/wiki/Floralia" title="Floralia"><i>Floralia</i>, festival of Flora</a>, the Roman goddess of flowers, held from 27 April–3 May during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> era, and the <i>Maiouma</i> or <i>Maiuma</i>, a festival celebrating <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a> held every three years during the month of May.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Floralia</i> opened with theatrical performances. In the <i>Floralia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> says that <a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">hares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a> were released as part of the festivities. <a href="/wiki/Persius" title="Persius">Persius</a> writes that crowds were pelted with <a href="/wiki/Vetch" class="mw-redirect" title="Vetch">vetches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lupin">lupins</a>. A ritual called the <i>Florifertum</i> was performed on either 27 April or 3 May,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during which a bundle of wheat ears was carried into a shrine, though it is not clear if this devotion was made to Flora or <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Floralia</i> concluded with <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire#Recreation_and_spectacles" title="Roman Empire">competitive events and spectacles</a>, and a sacrifice to Flora.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Maiouma</i> was celebrated at least as early as the 2nd century AD, when records show expenses for the month-long festival were appropriated by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Antiochopedia_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antiochopedia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 6th-century chronicles of <a href="/wiki/John_Malalas" title="John Malalas">John Malalas</a>, the <i>Maiouma</i> was a "nocturnal dramatic festival, held every three years and known as Orgies, that is, the Mysteries of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a>" and that it was "known as the <i>Maioumas</i> because it is celebrated in the month of May-Artemisios". During this time, enough money was set aside by the government for torches, lights, and other expenses to cover a 30-day festival of "all-night revels."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Maiouma</i> was celebrated with splendorous banquets and offerings. Its reputation for licentiousness caused it to be suppressed during the reign of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine</a>, though a less debauched version of it was briefly restored during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Arcadius" title="Arcadius">Arcadius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Honorius_(emperor)" title="Honorius (emperor)">Honorius</a>, only to be suppressed again during the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-Antiochopedia_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Antiochopedia-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Middle Ages, May Eve was celebrated in much of northern Europe with the lighting of bonfires at night.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2011_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic</a> countries, this became <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a>, commemorating the official canonization of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Walpurga" title="Saint Walpurga">Saint Walpurga</a> on 1 May 870.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2011_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It continued the tradition of lighting bonfires.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2011_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2011-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folklorist <a href="/wiki/Jack_Santino" title="Jack Santino">Jack Santino</a> says "Her day and its traditions almost certainly are traceable to pre-Christian celebrations that took place at this time".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaelic</a> culture, 1 May was the celebration of <i><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltaine</a></i> or <i>Cétshamhain</i>, while for the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> it was <i><a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></i> or <i>Cyntefin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First attested in 900 AD, the celebration mainly focused on the symbolic use of fire to bless cattle and other livestock as they were moved to summer pastures. This custom continued into the early 19th century, during which time cattle would be made to jump over fires to protect their milk from being stolen by <a href="/wiki/Fairies" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairies">fairies</a>. People would also leap over the fires for luck.<sup id="cite_ref-hutton_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hutton-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 18th century, many Roman Catholics have observed May – and May Day – with various <a href="/wiki/May_devotions_to_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary">May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In works of art, school skits, and so forth, Mary's head will often be adorned with flowers in a <a href="/wiki/May_crowning" class="mw-redirect" title="May crowning">May crowning</a>. 1 May is also one of two feast days of the Catholic patron saint of workers <a href="/wiki/St_Joseph_the_Worker" class="mw-redirect" title="St Joseph the Worker">St Joseph the Worker</a>, a carpenter, husband to <a href="/wiki/Mother_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother Mary">Mother Mary</a>, and foster father of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyBrit_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyBrit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Replacing another feast to St. Joseph, this date was chosen by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a> in 1955 as a counterpoint to the communist <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a> celebrations on May Day.<sup id="cite_ref-EncyBrit_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EncyBrit-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The best known modern May Day traditions, observed both in Europe and North America, include dancing around the <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> and crowning the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_May" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of May">Queen of May</a>. Fading in popularity since the late 20th century is the tradition of giving of "May baskets", small baskets of sweets or flowers, usually left anonymously on neighbours' doorsteps. </p><p>In the late 20th century, many <a href="/wiki/Neopagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopagan">neopagans</a> began reconstructing some of the older pagan festivals and combining them with more recently developed European secular and Catholic traditions, and celebrating May Day as a pagan religious festival.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germanic_regions">Germanic regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Germanic regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg/220px-Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg/330px-Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg/440px-Viktualienmarkt_Maibaum_Nahaufnahme_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="587" data-file-height="868" /></a><figcaption><i>Maibaum</i> in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maibaum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maibaum1.jpg/220px-Maibaum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maibaum1.jpg/330px-Maibaum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Maibaum1.jpg/440px-Maibaum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption><i>Maibaum</i> in <a href="/wiki/Bad_T%C3%B6lz" title="Bad Tölz">Bad Tölz</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>In rural regions of Germany, especially the <a href="/wiki/Harz" title="Harz">Harz</a> Mountains, <i><a href="/wiki/Walpurgisnacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpurgisnacht">Walpurgisnacht</a></i> celebrations are traditionally held on the night before May Day, including <a href="/wiki/Bonfire" title="Bonfire">bonfires</a> and the wrapping of a <i>Maibaum</i> (maypole). Young people use this opportunity to party, while the day itself is used by many families to get some fresh air. Motto: "Tanz in den Mai" (<i>"Dance into May"</i>). </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>, 1 May is also celebrated by the delivery of a maypole, a tree covered in streamers to the house of a girl the night before. The tree is typically from a love interest, though a tree wrapped only in white streamers is a sign of dislike. Women usually place roses or rice in the form of a heart at the house of their beloved one. It is common to stick the heart to a window or place it in front of the doormat. In <a href="/wiki/Leap_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Leap years">leap years</a>, it is the responsibility of the women to place the maypole. All the action is usually done secretly and it is an individual's choice whether to give a hint of their identity or stay anonymous. </p><p>May Day was not established as a public holiday until <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> declared 1 May a "national workers' day" in 1933. As <a href="/wiki/Labour_Day" title="Labour Day">Labour Day</a>, many political parties and unions host activities related to work and employment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tyrol">Tyrol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tyrol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough:_A_Study_in_Magic_and_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion">The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion</a></i>, Sir <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a> reported May Day customs in <a href="/wiki/Tyrol" title="Tyrol">Tyrol</a> during the 19th century. It was a time for banishing evil powers from the community. On the last three days of April, all houses were fumigated with <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">juniper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruta" title="Ruta">rue</a> incense. At sunset on May Day, the people held a ceremony they called "burning out the witches". The church bells were rung and people made as much noise as possible by shouting, banging pots and pans, ringing bells and cracking whips. Men carried lighted bundles of herbs fasted on poles, while women carried <a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">censers</a>. Then would run seven times round the houses and the village, so that the witches would be "smoked out of their lurking-places and driven away".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Sweden, there are bonfires and outdoor celebrations on May Eve or <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a> ("Valborgsmässoafton"). Most of the traditions associated elsewhere with May Day are held at <a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Midsummer</a> instead; such as <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">Maypole</a> dancing. </p><p> Up until the 19th century, on May Day itself, there were mock battles between Summer and Winter. Sir <a href="/wiki/James_George_Frazer" title="James George Frazer">James George Frazer</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Bough" title="The Golden Bough">The Golden Bough</a></i> (1911):<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>on May Day two troops of young men on horseback used to meet as if for mortal combat. One of them was led by a representative of Winter clad in furs, who threw snowballs and ice in order to prolong the cold weather. The other troop was commanded by a representative of Summer covered with fresh leaves and flowers. In the sham fight which followed the party of Summer came off victorious, and the ceremony ended with a feast</p></blockquote> <p>Sweden's first May Day celebration was held in <a href="/wiki/Halmstad" title="Halmstad">Halmstad</a> on 2nd of May, 1897 because 1st of May was a workday.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Celtic_regions">Celtic regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Celtic regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a></div> <p>In Ireland, May Day has long been celebrated as the festival of <i><a href="/wiki/Bealtaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bealtaine">Bealtaine</a></i>. It marks the beginning of summer and historically was when cattle were <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">driven out</a> to the summer pastures. Rituals were performed to protect cattle, people and crops, and to encourage growth. Special bonfires were kindled, whose flames, smoke and ashes were deemed to have protective powers. The people and their cattle would walk around or between bonfires, and sometimes leap over the flames or embers. All household fires would be doused and then re-lit from the Bealtaine bonfire. These gatherings would be accompanied by a feast, and some of the food and drink would be offered to the <span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Aos_s%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Aos sí">aos sí</a></i></span>, the 'spirits' or 'fairies'. Doors, windows, byres and cattle would be decorated with yellow May flowers, perhaps because they evoked fire. In parts of Ireland, people would make a May Bush: typically a thorn bush or branch decorated with flowers, ribbons, bright shells and rushlights. <a href="/wiki/Holy_well" title="Holy well">Holy wells</a> were also visited, while Bealtaine <a href="/wiki/Dew" title="Dew">dew</a> was thought to bring beauty and maintain youthfulness. </p><p>For almost two centuries, the Dublin suburb of <a href="/wiki/Finglas" title="Finglas">Finglas</a> was well known for its "May Games" and its maypole "was one of the last to survive in Dublin", according to historian Michael J. Tutty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETutty197370_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETutty197370-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the eighteenth century, the Finglas maypole was at the centre of a week of festivity which included "the playing of games, various competitions, and, according to one account the crowning of 'Queen of the May'."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETutty197370_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETutty197370-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter written by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Charles_Sirr_(town_major)" title="Henry Charles Sirr (town major)">Major Sirr</a> on 2 May 1803 (shortly after the turbulent <a href="/wiki/1798_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1798 Rebellion">1798 Rebellion</a>), he writes: </p> <dl><dd><i> "Godfrey and I went to Finglass and found everything in order. Major Wilkinson, who resides, there, waited upon me... and told me there was not the smallest occasion for military aid nor was there the least possibility of any disturbance... I ordered the guard to return to Dublin and these gentlemen and their families seemed quite rejoiced that the old custom of Maying was not to be interrupted in Finglass where that amusement has been kept up for a century past without ever being curbed before".</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETutty197370_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETutty197370-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Public celebrations of Bealtaine fell out of popularity by the 20th century and many old traditions are no longer widely observed. The tradition of a May Bush was reported as being suppressed by law and the magistrates in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition of lighting bonfires has survived in parts of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other traditions continue to be revived as local cultural events. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>May Day has been celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> for centuries. It was previously closely associated with the <a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a> festival.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reference to this earlier celebration is found in poem 'Peblis to the Play', contained in the <a href="/wiki/Maitland_Manuscripts" title="Maitland Manuscripts">Maitland Manuscripts</a> of 15th- and 16th-century Scots poetry: </p> <div style="margin-left: 2em;" class="poem"> <p>At Beltane, quhen ilk bodie bownis<br /> To Peblis to the Play,<br /> To heir the singin and the soundis;<br /> The solace, suth to say,<br /> Be firth and forrest furth they found<br /> Thay graythis tham full gay;<br /> God wait that wald they do that stound,<br /> For it was their feast day the day they celebrate May Day,<br /> Thay said, [...] </p> </div> <p>The poem describes the celebration in the town of <a href="/wiki/Peebles" title="Peebles">Peebles</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Borders" title="Scottish Borders">Scottish Borders</a>, which continues to stage a parade and pageant each year, including the annual ‘Common Riding’, which takes place in many towns throughout the Borders. As well as the crowning of a Beltane Queen each year, it is custom to sing ‘The Beltane Song’.<sup id="cite_ref-tracscotland.org_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tracscotland.org-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Jamieson" title="John Jamieson">John Jamieson</a>, in his <i>Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language</i> (1808) describes some of the May Day/Beltane customs which persisted in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in parts of Scotland, which he noted were beginning to die out.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the nineteenth century, folklorist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Carmichael" title="Alexander Carmichael">Alexander Carmichael</a> (1832–1912), collected the song <i>Am Beannachadh Bealltain</i> (<i>The Beltane Blessing</i>) in his <i><a href="/wiki/Carmina_Gadelica" title="Carmina Gadelica">Carmina Gadelica</a></i>, which he heard from a <a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">crofter</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Uist" title="South Uist">South Uist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tracscotland.org_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tracscotland.org-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scottish May Day/Beltane celebrations have been somewhat revived since the late twentieth century. Both <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> organise May Day festivals and rallies. In <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Beltane_Fire_Festival" title="Beltane Fire Festival">Beltane Fire Festival</a> is held on the evening of May eve and into the early hours of May Day on the city's <a href="/wiki/Calton_Hill" title="Calton Hill">Calton Hill</a>. An older Edinburgh tradition has it that young women who climb <a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Seat" title="Arthur's Seat">Arthur's Seat</a> and wash their faces in the morning dew will have lifelong beauty. At the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a>, some of the students gather on the beach late on 30 April and run into the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> at sunrise on May Day, occasionally naked. This is accompanied by torchlit processions and much elated celebration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales">Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Wales the first day of May is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></i> or <i>Calan Haf</i>, and parallels the festival of Beltane and other May Day traditions in Europe. </p><p>Traditions would start the night before (<i>Nos Galan Haf</i>) with bonfires, and is considered a <i>Ysbrydnos</i> or <i>spirit night</i> when people would gather <a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">hawthorn</a> (<i>draenen wen</i>) and flowers to decorate their houses, celebrating new growth and fertility. While on May Day celebrations would include summer dancing (<i>dawnsio haf</i>) and May carols (<i>carolau mai</i> or <i>carolau haf</i>) othertimes referred to as "singing under the wall" (<i>canu dan y pared),</i> May Day was also a time for officially opening a village green (twmpath chwarae). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many places across Great Britain and the world have begun to syncretize May Day and Beltane customs, hosting events that feature elements of both.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilks_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilks-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May Day, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarians</a> celebrate Irminden (or Yeremiya, Eremiya, Irima, Zamski den). The holiday is associated with snakes and lizards and rituals are made in order to protect people from them. The name of the holiday comes from the prophet <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>, but its origins are most probably pagan. </p><p>It is said that on the days of the <a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_Sebaste" title="Forty Martyrs of Sebaste">Holy Forty</a> or <a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a> snakes come out of their burrows, and on Irminden their king comes out. Old people believe that those working in the fields on this day will be bitten by a snake in summer. </p><p>In western Bulgaria people light fires, jump over them and make noises to scare snakes. Another custom is to prepare "podnici" (special clay pots made for baking bread). </p><p>This day is especially observed by pregnant women so that their offspring do not catch "yeremiya"—an illness due to evil powers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, May Day is traditionally considered a holiday of love and May as a month of love. The celebrations of spring are held on 30 April when a maypole ("májka" in Czech) is erected—a tradition possibly connected to Beltane, since bonfires are also lit on the same day. The event is similar to German Walpurgisnacht, its public holiday on 30 April. On 31 May, the maypole is taken down in an event called Maypole Felling. </p><p>On 1 May, couples in love kiss under a blooming tree. According to the ethnographer Klára Posekaná, this is not an old habit. It most likely originated around the beginning of the 20th century in an urban environment, perhaps in connection with <a href="/wiki/Karel_Hynek_M%C3%A1cha" title="Karel Hynek Mácha">Karel Hynek Mácha</a>'s poem <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1j" title="Máj">Máj</a> (which is often recited during these days) and <a href="/wiki/Pet%C5%99%C3%ADn" title="Petřín">Petřín</a>. This is usually done under a cherry, an apple or a birch tree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="England">England</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Melmerby_May_Queen_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_233648.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Melmerby_May_Queen_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_233648.jpg/220px-Melmerby_May_Queen_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_233648.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Melmerby_May_Queen_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_233648.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="251" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>May Queen on the village green, <a href="/wiki/Melmerby,_Cumbria" title="Melmerby, Cumbria">Melmerby</a>, Cumbria, 2006.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg/220px-Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg/330px-Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg/440px-Maypole_Dancing_on_Village_Green_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1628839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Children dancing around a maypole as part of a May Day celebration in Welwyn, Hertfordshire, 2009.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_(1786-1846)_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_%281786-1846%29_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg/220px-Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_%281786-1846%29_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_%281786-1846%29_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg/330px-Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_%281786-1846%29_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_%281786-1846%29_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg/440px-Benjamin_Robert_Haydon_%281786-1846%29_-_Punch_or_May_Day_-_N00682_-_National_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Punch_or_May_Day" title="Punch or May Day">Punch or May Day</a></i> (1829) by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Robert_Haydon" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Robert Haydon">Benjamin Robert Haydon</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Traditional English May Day <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celebration_(party)" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebration (party)">celebrations</a> include crowning a <a href="/wiki/May_Queen" title="May Queen">May Queen</a> and celebrations involving a <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a>, around which dancers often circle with ribbons. <a href="/wiki/Morris_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris dancing">Morris dancing</a> is also often performed as part of May Day celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest records of maypole celebrations date to the 14th century, and by the 15th century the maypole tradition was well established in southern Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-hutton_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hutton-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tradition persists into the 21st century across the UK. The village of <a href="/wiki/Ansty,_Wiltshire" title="Ansty, Wiltshire">Ansty</a> in Wiltshire has a <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> that has stood in the middle of a road junction in the village since before 1881;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> it continues in use every May Day, having been replaced by a less tall pole in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Centenary Green part of the <a href="/wiki/Octavia_Hill" title="Octavia Hill">Octavia Hill</a> Birthplace House, <a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a> has a flagpole which converts into a Maypole each year, used by local schools and other groups.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records from the early 1730s indicate that May Day was the date the new <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Norwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Norwich">Mayor of Norwich</a> was elected "for the ensuring year". The "Day of Swearing" occurred the following month - June - which saw the Mayor Elect receive his <a href="/wiki/Livery" title="Livery">chains of office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Early_May_bank_holiday"></span> The early May bank holiday on the first Monday in May was created in 1978; May Day itself – 1 May – is not a public holiday in England (unless it falls on a Monday). In February 2011, the <a href="/wiki/UK_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Parliament">UK Parliament</a> was reported to be considering scrapping the bank holiday associated with May Day, replacing it with a bank holiday in October, possibly coinciding with <a href="/wiki/Trafalgar_Day" title="Trafalgar Day">Trafalgar Day</a> (celebrated on 21 October), to create a "United Kingdom Day".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, attempts were made by the <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> government in 1993 to abolish the May Day holiday and replace it with Trafalgar Day. </p><p>Unlike the other Bank Holidays and common law holidays, the first Monday in May is taken off from (state) schools by itself, and not as part of a half-term or end of term holiday. This is because it has no Christian significance and does not otherwise fit into the usual school holiday pattern. (By contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> Holiday can start as late—relative to <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>—as <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, if Easter falls early in the year; or finish as early—relative to Easter—as Easter Monday, if Easter falls late in the year, because of the supreme significance of Good Friday and Easter Day to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.) </p><p>Other prominent English May Day customs include <a href="/wiki/Jack_in_the_Green" title="Jack in the Green">Jack in the Green</a>, and 'dancing the sun up' on May Day morning. Jack in the Green is an English folkloric figure who parades through the streets on May Day, accompanied by musicians, beggars, and various other characters.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 'Dancing the sun up' is a tradition among <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dancers</a> to dance at sunrise on May Day, to welcome in the sun and the summer season. It began in Oxford in 1923, and includes dances, traditional May Day songs, and sometimes other activities such as <a href="/wiki/Mummers%27_play" title="Mummers' play">mummers' plays</a> or bonfires. This tradition has since spread across the world, with Morris dance teams dancing the sun up in Asia, Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, and the USA.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May Day was abolished and its celebration banned by <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a> parliaments during the <a href="/wiki/Interregnum_(England)" title="Interregnum (England)">Interregnum</a>, but reinstated with the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">restoration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> in 1660.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 May 1707, was the day the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Act of Union</a> came into effect, joining the kingdoms of England (including Wales) and Scotland to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg/220px-John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg/330px-John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg/440px-John_Collier_-_Queen_Guinevere%27s_Maying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><i><a href="/wiki/Queen_Guinevere" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Guinevere">Queen Guinevere</a>'s Maying</i>, by <a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(Pre-Raphaelite_painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Collier (Pre-Raphaelite painter)">John Collier</a><br /> <br /> For thus it chanced one morn when all the court,<br /> Green-suited, but with plumes that mocked the may,<br /> Had been, there won't, a-maying and returned,<br /> That Modred still in the green, all ear and eye,<br /> Climbed to the high top of the garden-wall<br /> To spy some secret scandal if he might,</div><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a> villages, young girls went May Dolling (going around the villages with dressed dolls and collecting pennies). This dressing of dolls and singing was said to have persisted into the 1960s in <a href="/wiki/Swaffham_Prior" title="Swaffham Prior">Swaffham Prior</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Sing a song of May-time.<br /> Sing a song of Spring.<br /> Flowers are in their beauty.<br /> Birds are on the wing.<br /> May time, play time.<br /> God has given us May time.<br /> Thank Him for His gifts of love.<br /> Sing a song of Spring. </p> <p><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, it is a centuries-old tradition for <a href="/wiki/May_Morning" title="May Morning">May Morning</a> revellers to gather below the Great Tower of <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdalen College">Magdalen College</a> at 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>am to listen to the college choir sing traditional madrigals as a conclusion to the previous night's celebrations. Since the 1980s some people then jump off <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Bridge" title="Magdalen Bridge">Magdalen Bridge</a> into the <a href="/wiki/River_Cherwell" title="River Cherwell">River Cherwell</a>. For some years, the bridge has been closed on 1 May to prevent people from jumping, as the water under the bridge is only 2 feet (61 cm) deep and jumping from the bridge has resulted in serious injury in the past. There are still people who climb the barriers and leap into the water, causing themselves injury.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a>, students of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Durham" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Durham">University of Durham</a> gather on <a href="/wiki/Prebend%27s_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Prebend's Bridge">Prebend's Bridge</a> to see the sunrise and enjoy festivities, folk music, dancing, madrigal singing and a barbecue breakfast. This is an emerging Durham tradition, with patchy observance since 2001. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Episcopi" title="Kingsbury Episcopi">Kingsbury Episcopi</a>, Somerset, has seen its yearly May Day Festival celebrations on the May bank holiday Monday burgeon in popularity in the recent years. Since it was reinstated 21 years ago it has grown in size, and on 5 May 2014 thousands of revellers were attracted from all over the south-west to enjoy the festivities, with BBC Somerset covering the celebrations. These include traditional <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> dancing and <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">morris dancing</a>, as well as contemporary music acts. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Whitstable" title="Whitstable">Whitstable</a>, Kent, hosts a good example of more traditional May Day festivities, where the Jack in the Green festival was revived in 1976 and continues to lead an annual procession of <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">morris dancers</a> through the town on the May bank holiday. A separate revival occurred in <a href="/wiki/Hastings" title="Hastings">Hastings</a> in 1983 and has become a major event in the town calendar. A traditional sweeps festival is performed over the May bank holiday in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester, Kent</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Jack_in_the_Green" title="Jack in the Green">Jack in the Green</a> is woken at dawn on 1 May by Morris dancers. </p><p>At 7:15 p.m. on 1 May each year, the Kettle Bridge Clogs<sup id="cite_ref-KBClogs_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KBClogs-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> morris dancing side dance across <a href="/wiki/Barming" title="Barming">Barming</a> Bridge (otherwise known as the Kettle Bridge), which spans the <a href="/wiki/River_Medway" title="River Medway">River Medway</a> near <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a>, to mark the official start of their morris dancing season. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Maydayrun" class="mw-redirect" title="Maydayrun">Maydayrun</a> involves thousands of motorbikes taking a 55-mile (89 km) trip from <a href="/wiki/Greater_London" title="Greater London">Greater London</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locksbottom" title="Locksbottom">Locksbottom</a>) to the Hastings seafront, <a href="/wiki/East_Sussex" title="East Sussex">East Sussex</a>. The event has been taking place for almost 30 years now and has grown in interest from around the country, both commercially and publicly. The event is not officially organised; the police only manage the traffic, and volunteers manage the parking. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Padstow" title="Padstow">Padstow</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> holds its annual <a href="/wiki/%27Obby_%27Oss_festival" title="'Obby 'Oss festival">'Obby-'Oss</a> (Hobby Horse) day of festivities. This is believed to be one of the oldest fertility rites in the UK; revellers dance with the Oss through the streets of the town and even though the private gardens of the citizens, accompanied by accordion players and followers dressed in white with red or blue sashes who sing traditional May Day songs. The whole town is decorated with springtime greenery, and every year thousands of onlookers attend. Before the 19th century, distinctive <a href="/wiki/West_Cornwall_May_Day_celebrations" title="West Cornwall May Day celebrations">May Day celebrations</a> were widespread throughout West Cornwall, and are being revived in <a href="/wiki/St_Ives,_Cornwall" title="St Ives, Cornwall">St Ives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penzance" title="Penzance">Penzance</a>. A similar 'Obby 'Oss festival is also held in the Somerset town of <a href="/wiki/Minehead" title="Minehead">Minehead</a>, dating back to at least the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilks_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilks-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kingsand" title="Kingsand">Kingsand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cawsand" title="Cawsand">Cawsand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millbrook,_Cornwall" title="Millbrook, Cornwall">Millbrook</a> in Cornwall celebrate <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flower_Boat_Ritual&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flower Boat Ritual (page does not exist)">Flower Boat Ritual</a> on the May Day bank holiday. A model of the ship <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="The Black Prince">The Black Prince</a></i> is covered in flowers and is taken in a procession from the Quay at Millbrook to the beach at Cawsand where it is cast adrift. The houses in the villages are decorated with flowers and people traditionally wear red and white clothes. There are further celebrations in Cawsand Square with <a href="/wiki/Morris_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Morris dancing">Morris dancing</a> and <a href="/wiki/May_pole" class="mw-redirect" title="May pole">May pole</a> dancing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Estonia">Estonia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Estonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>May Day or "Spring Day" (<i>Kevadpüha</i>) is a national holiday in <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> celebrating the arrival of spring. </p><p>More traditional festivities take place throughout the night before and into the early hours of 1 May, on the <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night#Estonia" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a> (<i>Volbriöö</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finland">Finland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TampereMayDay2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/TampereMayDay2013.jpg/220px-TampereMayDay2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/TampereMayDay2013.jpg/330px-TampereMayDay2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/TampereMayDay2013.jpg/440px-TampereMayDay2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>May Day festivities in <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Central_Square" title="Tampere Central Square">Tampere Central Square</a>, Finland.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, Walpurgis night (<i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Vappu</i></span></i>) ("<span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">Vappen</i></span>") is one of the five biggest holidays along with Christmas Eve, <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a>, Easter (<i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Pääsiäinen</i></span></i>), and <a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Midsummer</a> (<i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Juhannus - Midsommar</i></span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Williams2016_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams2016-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walpurgis witnesses the biggest <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">carnival</a>-style festival held in Finland's cities and towns. The celebrations, which begin on the evening of 30 April and continue on 1 May, typically centre on the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Sima_(mead)" title="Sima (mead)">sima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sparkling_wine" title="Sparkling wine">sparkling wine</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcoholic beverages</a>. Student traditions, particularly those of engineering students, are one of the main characteristics of <i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Vappu</i></span></i>. Since the end of the 19th century, this traditional upper-class feast has been appropriated by university students. Many <i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/Lukio" class="mw-redirect" title="Lukio">lukio</a></i></span></i> (university-preparatory high school) alumni wear the black and white <a href="/wiki/Student_cap" title="Student cap">student cap</a> and many higher education students wear <a href="/wiki/Student_boilersuit" title="Student boilersuit">student coveralls</a>. One tradition is to drink <a href="/wiki/Sima_(mead)" title="Sima (mead)">sima</a>, a home-made low-alcohol <a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">mead</a>, along with freshly cooked <a href="/wiki/Funnel_cakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Funnel cakes">funnel cakes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="France">France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg/220px-Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg/330px-Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg/440px-Lily_of_the_valley_777.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Lily of the valley</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 May 1561, King <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX of France</a> received a <a href="/wiki/Lily_of_the_valley" title="Lily of the valley">lily of the valley</a> as a lucky charm. He decided to offer a lily of the valley each year to the ladies of the court. At the beginning of the 20th century, it became custom to give a sprig of lily of the valley, a symbol of springtime, on 1 May. The government permits individuals and workers' organisations to sell them tax-free on that single day. Nowadays, people may present loved ones either with bunches of lily of the valley or dog rose flowers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Greece">Greece</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 May is a day that celebrates Spring. </p><p>Maios (Latin <a href="/wiki/Maius" title="Maius">Maius</a>), the month of May, took its name from the goddess <a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a> (Gr <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Μαία, the nurse</span></span>), a Greek and Roman goddess of fertility. The day of Maios (Modern Greek Πρωτομαγιά) celebrates the final victory of the summer against winter as the victory of life against death. The celebration is similar to an ancient ritual associated with another minor demi-god <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a> which also celebrated the revival of nature. There is today some conflation with yet another tradition, the revival or marriage of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> (the Greek God of theatre and wine-making). This event, however, was celebrated in ancient times not in May but in association with the <a href="/wiki/Anthesteria" title="Anthesteria">Anthesteria</a>, a festival held in February and dedicated to the goddess of agriculture <a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a> and her daughter <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a>. <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> emerged every year at the end of winter from the Underworld. The Anthesteria was a festival of souls, plants and flowers, and Persephone's coming to earth from <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a> marked the rebirth of nature, a common theme in all these traditions. </p><p>What remains of the customs today, echoes these traditions of antiquity. A common, until recently, May Day custom involved the annual revival of a youth called <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a>, or alternatively of <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>, or of <a href="/wiki/Maius" title="Maius">Maios</a> (in Modern Greek Μαγιόπουλο, the Son of <a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a>). In a simple theatrical ritual, the significance of which has long been forgotten, a chorus of young girls sang a song over a youth lying on the ground, representing <a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Maius" title="Maius">Maios</a>. At the end of the song, the youth rose up and a flower wreath was placed on his head. </p><p>The most common aspect of modern May Day celebrations is the preparation of a flower wreath from wild flowers, although as a result of urbanisation there is an increasing trend to buy wreaths from flower shops. The flowers are placed on the wreath against a background of green leaves and the wreath is hung either on the entrance to the family house/apartment or on a balcony. It remains there until midsummer night. On that night, the flower wreaths are set alight in bonfires known as <a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Eve" title="Saint John's Eve">Saint John's fires</a>. Youths leap over the flames consuming the flower wreaths. This custom has also practically disappeared, like the theatrical revival of Adonis/Dionysus/Maios, as a result of rising urban traffic and with no alternative public grounds in most Greek city neighbourhoods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hungary">Hungary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hungary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Hungary it is called St. Philip and Jacob's day or sometimes Zöldfarsang. However, contrary to the name, the ecclesiastical explanation of the feast actually refers to the miracle of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Walpurga" title="Saint Walpurga">St. Walpurga</a>. In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Hexennacht</a> tradition has survived in only a few places, with witchcraft traditions usually taking place on other days. </p><p>The Majális, a merry folk festival, was usually held in a nearby forest, with the food and drink being taken along, which was usually attended by the whole town. There were sack-races, tree climbing, wrestling, strength tests, horse races, singing, dancing and military songs. It was a day of relaxing and walking in nature. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Szinyei_Merse,_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Szinyei Merse Pál: Majális" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Szinyei_Merse%2C_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Szinyei_Merse%2C_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Szinyei_Merse%2C_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/375px-Szinyei_Merse%2C_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Szinyei_Merse%2C_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Szinyei_Merse%2C_P%C3%A1l_-_Picnic_in_May_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="16975" data-file-height="13387" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Szinyei_Merse" title="Pál Szinyei Merse">Paul Szinyei Merse</a>: Majális. The painting portraying the Majális picnic.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Majális has a rich tradition in the country, celebrated with dance festivals, concert series and funfairs, set up all throughout the country. There is also an <i>utcabál</i> ("street bal"), when the streets are often filled with dancing residents. </p><p>In smaller settlements like (in e.g. <a href="/wiki/Pilisszentkereszt" title="Pilisszentkereszt">Pilisszentkereszt</a>) together with their neighbouring municipalities, set up a May Pole. </p><p>In Hungary it was customary to set up <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">May Poles</a> (májfa or májusfa) in several places in the town. It was usually set on May Day or Pentecost. Sometimes they were just tied to the fence, but most of the time they were planted in the ground. The trees were carved and erected in secret, usually in the dead of night. The aim was always to go out with the girls. the boys set them up (usually one for every unmarried girl) and it was danced around together. For the night the tree was usually guarded, so that it would not be taken away by rivals, or toppled by a rival's courting team.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Drink water on an empty stomach: the lungs will be renewed" - they used to say in Transylvania, where it was customary for girls to go to the spring or river on this day to wash their faces in water, which was believed to have magical powers to make them beautiful and healthy. Other superstitions include decorating the house with elderberries to ward off witches, and that the butter spat out on this day, called Philip-Jacob butter, can be used to treat earache.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italy">Italy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Italy it is called <i>Calendimaggio</i> or <i>cantar maggio</i> a seasonal feast held to celebrate the arrival of spring. The event takes its name from the period in which it takes place, that is, the beginning of May, from the Latin <i>kalendae maiae</i>. The Calendimaggio is a tradition still alive today in many regions of Italy as an allegory of the return to life and rebirth: among these <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a> (for example, is celebrated in the area of the <i>Quattro Province</i> or <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Piacenza" title="Province of Piacenza">Piacenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pavia" title="Province of Pavia">Pavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Alessandria" title="Province of Alessandria">Alessandria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Genoa" title="Province of Genoa">Genoa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a>. This magical-propitiatory ritual is often performed during an <a href="/wiki/Alms" title="Alms">almsgiving</a> in which, in exchange for gifts (traditionally eggs, wine, food or sweets), the Maggi (or maggerini) sing auspicious verses to the inhabitants of the houses they visit. Throughout the Italian peninsula these <i>Il Maggio</i> couplets are very diverse—most are love songs with a strong romantic theme, that young people sang to celebrate the arrival of spring. Roman families traditionally eat <a href="/wiki/Pecorino" title="Pecorino">pecorino</a> with fresh <a href="/wiki/Fava_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fava beans">fava beans</a> during an excursion in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Campagna" title="Roman Campagna">Roman Campagna</a>. Symbols of spring revival are the trees (<a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laburnum_anagyroides" title="Laburnum anagyroides">golden rain</a>) and flowers (<a href="/wiki/Viola_(plant)" title="Viola (plant)">violets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>), mentioned in the verses of the songs, and with which the maggerini adorn themselves. In particular the plant alder, which grows along the rivers, is considered the symbol of life and that's why it is often present in the ritual. </p><p>Calendimaggio can be historically noted in Tuscany as a mythical character who had a predominant role and met many of the attributes of the god <a href="/wiki/Belenus" title="Belenus">Belenus</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Lucania" title="Lucania">Lucania</a>, the 'Maggi' have a clear auspicious character of pagan origin. In <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse, Sicily</a>, the <i>Albero della Cuccagna</i> (cf. "<a href="/wiki/Greasy_pole" title="Greasy pole">Greasy pole</a>") is held during the month of May, a feast celebrated to commemorate the victory over the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Athens">Athenians</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Nicias" title="Nicias">Nicias</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Angelo_de_Gubernatis" title="Angelo de Gubernatis">Angelo de Gubernatis</a>, in his work <i>Mythology of Plants</i>, believes that without doubt the festival was previous to that of said victory. </p><p>It is a celebration that dates back to ancient peoples, and is very integrated with the rhythms of nature, such as the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> (celebrating <a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>), <a href="/wiki/Etruscans" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruscans">Etruscans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a>, in which the arrival of summer was of great importance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portugal">Portugal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Maias" is a superstition throughout Portugal, with special focus on the northern territories and rarely elsewhere. Maias is the dominant naming in Northern Portugal, but it may be referred to by other names, including Dia das Bruxas (Witches' day), O Burro (the Donkey, referring to an evil spirit) or the last of April, as the local traditions preserved to this day occur on that evening only. People put the yellow flowers of <a href="/wiki/Cytisus_striatus" title="Cytisus striatus">broom</a>, the bushes are known as giestas. The flowers of the bush are known as Maias, which are placed on doors or gates and every doorway of houses, windows, granaries, currently also cars, which the populace collect on the evening of 30 April when the Portuguese brooms are blooming, to defend those places from bad spirits, witches and the evil eye. The placement of the May flower or bush in the doorway must be done before midnight. </p><p>These festivities are a continuum of the "Os Maios" of Galiza. In ancient times, this was done while playing traditional night-music. In some places, children were dressed in these flowers and went from place to place begging for money or bread. On 1 May, people also used to sing "Cantigas de Maio", traditional songs related to this day and the whole month of May. </p><p>The origin of this tradition can be traced to the Catholic Church story of Mary and Joseph fleeing to Egypt to protect Jesus from Herod. It was said that brooms could be found at the door of the house holding Jesus, but when Herod's soldiers arrived to the place they found every door decorated with brooms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romania">Romania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May Day, the <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> celebrate the <i>arminden</i> (or <i>armindeni</i>), the beginning of summer, symbolically tied with the protection of crops and farm animals. The name comes from <a href="/wiki/Slavonic_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavonic languages">Slavonic</a> <i>Jeremiinŭ dĭnĭ</i>, meaning prophet <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a>'s day, but the celebration rites and habits of this day are <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Apotropaic">apotropaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a> (possibly originating in the cult of the god <a href="/wiki/Pan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan (mythology)">Pan</a>). </p><p>The day is also called <i>ziua pelinului</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">mugwort</a> day") or <i>ziua bețivilor</i> ("drunkards' day") and it is celebrated to ensure good wine in autumn and, for people and farm animals alike, good health and protection from the elements of nature (storms, hail, illness, pests). People would have parties in natural surroundings, with <i>lăutari</i> (fiddlers) for those who could afford it. Then it is customary to roast and eat lamb, along with new mutton cheese, and to drink mugwort-flavoured wine, or just red wine, to refresh the blood and get protection from diseases. On the way back, the men wear <a href="/wiki/Lilac" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilac">lilac</a> or mugwort flowers on their hats. </p><p>Other apotropaic rites include, in some areas of the country, people washing their faces with the morning dew (for good health) and adorning the gates for good luck and abundance with green branches or with <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> saplings (for the houses with maiden girls). The entries to the animals' shelters are also adorned with green branches. All branches are left in place until the wheat harvest when they are used in the fire which will bake the first bread from the new wheat. </p><p>On May Day eve, country women do not work in the field as well as in the house to avoid devastating storms and hail coming down on the village. </p><p><i>Arminden</i> is also <i>ziua boilor</i> (oxen day) and thus the animals are not to be used for work, or else they could die or their owners could get ill. </p><p>It is said that the weather is always good on May Day to allow people to celebrate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serbia">Serbia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Prvomajski uranak" (Reveille on 1 May) is a folk tradition and feast that consists of the fact that on 1 May, people go in the nature or even leave the day before and spend the night with a camp fire. Most of the time, a dish is cooked in a kettle or in a barbecue. Among Serbs this holiday is widespread. Almost every town in Serbia has its own traditional first-of-may excursion sites, and most often these are green areas outside the city.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spain">Spain</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>May Day is celebrated throughout the country as <i>Los Mayos</i> (lit. "the Mays") often in a similar way to "<a href="/wiki/Fiesta_de_las_Cruces" title="Fiesta de las Cruces">Fiesta de las Cruces</a>" in many parts of Hispanic America. One such example, in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, is the festival "<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesta_de_los_mayos_(Galicia)" class="extiw" title="es:Fiesta de los mayos (Galicia)">Fiesta de los Mayos</a>" (or "Festa dos Maios" in <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, the local language). It has a Celtic origin (from the festivity of Beltane)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and consists of different traditions, such as representations around a decorated tree or sculpture. People sing popular songs (also called <i>maios</i>,) making mentions of social and political events during the past year, sometimes under the form of a converse, while they walk around the sculpture with the percussion of two sticks. In <a href="/wiki/Lugo" title="Lugo">Lugo</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the village of <a href="/wiki/Vilagarc%C3%ADa_de_Arousa" title="Vilagarcía de Arousa">Vilagarcía de Arousa</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was usual to ask a tip to the attendees, which used to be a handful of dry chestnuts (<i>castañas maiolas</i>), walnuts or hazelnuts. Today the tradition became a competition where the best sculptures and songs receive a prize.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Galician city of <a href="/wiki/Ourense" title="Ourense">Ourense</a> this day is celebrated traditionally on 3 May, the day of the Holy Cross, that in the Christian tradition replaced the tree "where the health, life and resurrection are," according to the introit of that day's mass.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="North_America">North America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>May Day is celebrated in some parts of the provinces of British Columbia, Quebec, New Brunswick and Ontario. </p><p><b>Toronto</b> </p><p>In Toronto, on the morning of 1 May, various Morris Dancing troops from Toronto and Hamilton gather on the road by Grenadier Cafe, in High Park to "dance in the May". The dancers and crowd then gather together and sing traditional May Day songs such as Hal-An-Tow and Padstow. </p><p><b>British Columbia</b> </p><p>Celebrations often take place not on 1 May but during the Victoria Day long weekend, later in the month and when the weather is likely to be better. The longest continually observed May Day in the British Commonwealth is held in the city of <a href="/wiki/New_Westminster" title="New Westminster">New Westminster</a>, BC. There, the first May Day celebration was held on 4 May 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg/220px-National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg/330px-National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg/440px-National-Park-Seminary-May-Day-1907.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="636" /></a><figcaption>May Day festivities at <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Seminary" title="National Park Seminary">National Park Seminary</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, 1907</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Longview_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Longview_Park.jpg/220px-Longview_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Longview_Park.jpg/330px-Longview_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Longview_Park.jpg/440px-Longview_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3204" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>May Day festivities at <a href="/wiki/Longview_Park_Conservatory_and_Gardens" title="Longview Park Conservatory and Gardens">Longview Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rock_Island,_Illinois" title="Rock Island, Illinois">Rock Island, Illinois</a>, c. 1907 – 1914</figcaption></figure><p> Early European settlers of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> brought their May Day traditions with them, and May Day is still celebrated in many parts of the United States, with customs that vary from region to region. In some parts of the United States, May baskets are made. These are small baskets usually filled with flowers or treats and left at someone's doorstep. The giver rings the bell and runs away.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_City_Park,_May_Day,_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Central_City_Park%2C_May_Day%2C_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg/220px-Central_City_Park%2C_May_Day%2C_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Central_City_Park%2C_May_Day%2C_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg/330px-Central_City_Park%2C_May_Day%2C_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Central_City_Park%2C_May_Day%2C_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg/440px-Central_City_Park%2C_May_Day%2C_1876_-_DPLA_-_1f2832f8c9ab99a837643abc11d97118.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>1876 May Day celebration at Central City Park, Macon, Georgia</figcaption></figure> <p>May Day celebrations were common at women's colleges and academic institutions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a tradition that continues at <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_College" title="Bryn Mawr College">Bryn Mawr College</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Brenau_University" title="Brenau University">Brenau University</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to this day. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, the May Day Parade and Festival is presented annually on the first Sunday in May, and draws around 50,000 people to <a href="/wiki/Powderhorn_Park_(urban_park)" title="Powderhorn Park (urban park)">Powderhorn Park</a>. The festival was originated by <a href="/wiki/In_the_Heart_of_the_Beast_Puppet_and_Mask_Theatre" title="In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theatre">In the Heart of the Beast Puppet and Mask Theatre</a> and is now decentralized and community run.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 May itself, local <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris Dance</a> sides converge on an overlook of the Mississippi River at dawn, and then spend the remainder of the day dancing around the metro area.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dancers</a> in the US have continued the English custom of 'dancing the sun up' on May Day, dancing at sunrise to welcome in the sun and the summer season. In 2024, Morris dancers danced the sun up in Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, and Wisconsin.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Hawaii</b> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, May Day is also known as <a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a> Day, and it is normally set aside as a day to celebrate island culture in general and the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Native_Hawaiians" title="Culture of the Native Hawaiians">culture of the Native Hawaiians</a> in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-May_Day_is_Lei_Day_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May_Day_is_Lei_Day-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Invented by poet and local newspaper columnist <a href="/wiki/Don_Blanding" title="Don Blanding">Don Blanding</a>, the first Lei Day was celebrated on 1 May 1927 in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>. Leonard "Red" and Ruth Hawk composed "<a href="/wiki/May_Day_is_Lei_Day_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="May Day is Lei Day in Hawaii">May Day Is Lei Day in Hawai'i</a>", the traditional holiday song.<sup id="cite_ref-A_History_of_Lei_Day_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_History_of_Lei_Day-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calendar_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/22px-Calendar_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/33px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Calendar_icon.svg/44px-Calendar_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="654" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Holidays" title="Portal:Holidays">Holidays portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flores_de_Mayo" title="Flores de Mayo">Flores de Mayo</a>, a similar holiday celebrated throughout the month of May in the Philippines</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>, the Gaelic May Day festival</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiesta_de_las_Cruces" title="Fiesta de las Cruces">Fiesta de las Cruces</a>, a holiday celebrated 3 May in many parts of Spain and Hispanic America</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_around_May_Day" title="List of films set around May Day">List of films set around May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_occasions_known_by_their_dates" title="List of occasions known by their dates">List of occasions known by their dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_devotions_to_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary">May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">Maypole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Queen" title="May Queen">May Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dano_(Korean_festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano (Korean festival)">Dano</a>, a holiday celebrated on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month in <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Melton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melton_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melton_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMelton2011" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J. Gordon (2011). <i>Religious Celebrations</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. p. 915. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598842050" title="Special:BookSources/9781598842050"><bdi>9781598842050</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religious+Celebrations&rft.pages=915&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781598842050&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/May-Day-Celebrations/">"May Day Celebrations"</a>. <i>Historic UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Antiochopedia = Musings Upon Ancient Antioch. Retrieved 9 April 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malalas, Chronicle 284-285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton2011-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2011_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2011_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melton2011_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelton2011" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Warning+issued+ahead+of+Limerick%27s+May+Eve+bonfires&rft.pub=Limerick+Leader&rft.date=2013-04-30&rft.aulast=Hurley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limerickleader.ie%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fwarning-issued-ahead-of-limerick-s-may-eve-bonfires-1-5044472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsl.ac.uk/entry/dost/beltane">"Dictionary of the Scots Language :: DOST :: Beltane n."</a> <i>dsl.ac.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dsl.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Dictionary+of+the+Scots+Language+%3A%3A+DOST+%3A%3A+Beltane+n.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsl.ac.uk%2Fentry%2Fdost%2Fbeltane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tracscotland.org-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tracscotland.org_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tracscotland.org_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215143738/http://www.tracscotland.org/sites/default/files/May%20Songs%20and%20Rhymes_0.pdf">"The Songs and Rhymes of May"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Traditional Arts & Culture Scotland</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tracscotland.org/sites/default/files/May%20Songs%20and%20Rhymes_0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Traditional+Arts+%26+Culture+Scotland&rft.atitle=The+Songs+and+Rhymes+of+May&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tracscotland.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FMay%2520Songs%2520and%2520Rhymes_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotsdictionary.com/">"Jamieson's Dictionary Online"</a>. <i>scotsdictionary.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scotsdictionary.com&rft.atitle=Jamieson%27s+Dictionary+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsdictionary.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilks-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilks_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilks_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilks2024" class="citation web cs1">Wilks, Jon (30 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tradfolk.co/customs/customs-customs/may-events/">"Traditional May events to add to your calendar"</a>. <i>Tradfolk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tradfolk&rft.atitle=Traditional+May+events+to+add+to+your+calendar&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.aulast=Wilks&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftradfolk.co%2Fcustoms%2Fcustoms-customs%2Fmay-events%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlisle2009" class="citation book cs1">Carlisle, Rodney P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLqXM3U_pzEC&q=may+day+england+morris+dancing&pg=PA402"><i>Encyclopedia of Play in Today's Society</i></a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412966702" title="Special:BookSources/9781412966702"><bdi>9781412966702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Play+in+Today%27s+Society&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781412966702&rft.aulast=Carlisle&rft.aufirst=Rodney+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLqXM3U_pzEC%26q%3Dmay%2Bday%2Bengland%2Bmorris%2Bdancing%26pg%3DPA402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thisisalfred.com/community/no-may-queen-as-ansty-may-day-breaks-with-400-year-tradition/">"No May Queen As Ansty May Day Breaks With 400 Year Tradition"</a>. <i>This is Alfred</i>. 2 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+is+Alfred&rft.atitle=No+May+Queen+As+Ansty+May+Day+Breaks+With+400+Year+Tradition&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthisisalfred.com%2Fcommunity%2Fno-may-queen-as-ansty-may-day-breaks-with-400-year-tradition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.octaviahill.org/merry-maypoles-ageless-appeal/">"Merry Maypole"</a>. <i>octaviahill.org</i>. 27 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=octaviahill.org&rft.atitle=Merry+Maypole&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.octaviahill.org%2Fmerry-maypoles-ageless-appeal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sKgzSDTbd1cC&dq=May+Day+Mayor+elected+Norwich&pg=PT88">"(Reprints of) The Norwich Mercury April 10th - May 15th, 1731"</a>. The Norwich Mercury. May 1731<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%28Reprints+of%29+The+Norwich+Mercury+April+10th+-+May+15th%2C+1731&rft.date=1731-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsKgzSDTbd1cC%26dq%3DMay%2BDay%2BMayor%2Belected%2BNorwich%26pg%3DPT88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis,_Polly2011" class="citation news cs1">Curtis, Polly (4 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/04/may-day-bank-holiday-under-threat">"Mayday for May Day: Bank Holiday May Move to 'Most Unexceptional of British' October Slot – Minister Says Swap Would Extend Tourist Season But Unions See Tory Plot to Get Rid of Workers' Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Mayday+for+May+Day%3A+Bank+Holiday+May+Move+to+%27Most+Unexceptional+of+British%27+October+Slot+%E2%80%93+Minister+Says+Swap+Would+Extend+Tourist+Season+But+Unions+See+Tory+Plot+to+Get+Rid+of+Workers%27+Day&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Polly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2011%2Ffeb%2F04%2Fmay-day-bank-holiday-under-threat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilks2023" class="citation web cs1">Wilks, Jon (22 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tradfolk.co/customs/customs-customs/jack-in-the-green/">"Customs uncovered: Jack in the Green"</a>. <i>Tradfolk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tradfolk&rft.atitle=Customs+uncovered%3A+Jack+in+the+Green&rft.date=2023-04-22&rft.aulast=Wilks&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftradfolk.co%2Fcustoms%2Fcustoms-customs%2Fjack-in-the-green%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerryclough2024" class="citation web cs1">Merryclough, Jon Wilks, Rachel Wilkinson, James (30 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tradfolk.co/performance/morris-dancing/morris-dancing-near-me/">"May Day Morris: Where to find Morris dancing near me"</a>. <i>Tradfolk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tradfolk&rft.atitle=May+Day+Morris%3A+Where+to+find+Morris+dancing+near+me&rft.date=2024-04-30&rft.aulast=Merryclough&rft.aufirst=Jon+Wilks%2C+Rachel+Wilkinson%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftradfolk.co%2Fperformance%2Fmorris-dancing%2Fmorris-dancing-near-me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1996" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (1996). <i>The rise and fall of Merry England</i> (New ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 272–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-285447-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-285447-X"><bdi>0-19-285447-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+Merry+England&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=272-8&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-19-285447-X&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Idylls_of_the_King" title="Idylls of the King">Idylls of the King</a> : Guinevere</i>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a>, 1859</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enidporterproject.org.uk/content/cambridgeshire-traditions/annual-events/may-1st/may-1st">"May Day Traditions"</a>. <i>enidporterproject.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=enidporterproject.org.uk&rft.atitle=May+Day+Traditions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enidporterproject.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fcambridgeshire-traditions%2Fannual-events%2Fmay-1st%2Fmay-1st&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (1 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/oxfordshire/7376954.stm">"Jumpers Flout May Day Bridge Ban"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 1 May 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KBClogs-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KBClogs_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordery" class="citation web cs1">Cordery, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kettlebridgeclogs.org.uk">"Kettle Bridge Clogs"</a>. Kettle Bridge Clogs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kettle+Bridge+Clogs&rft.pub=Kettle+Bridge+Clogs&rft.aulast=Cordery&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kettlebridgeclogs.org.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams2016-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams2016_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Victoria (2016). <i>Celebrating Life Customs around the World</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 217. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440836596" title="Special:BookSources/978-1440836596"><bdi>978-1440836596</bdi></a>. <q>During the Walpurgisnacht Walpurgisnacht, or Walpurgis Night, is one of the names given to the night of 30 April , the eve of Saint Walpurga's feast day that falls on 1 May. Since Saint Walpurga's feast occurs on 1 May the saint is associated with May Day, especially in Finland and Sweden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+Life+Customs+around+the+World&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1440836596&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/france/labor-day">May Day in France Timeanddate.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sokszinuvidek.24.hu/eletmod/2016/05/01/majusfa-allitas-szerelmek-konfliktusok-trefak-nepszokasok/">"Májusfa-állítás: szerelmek, konfliktusok, tréfák, népszokások"</a>. <i>Sokszínű vidék</i> (in Hungarian). 1 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Soksz%C3%ADn%C5%B1+vid%C3%A9k&rft.atitle=M%C3%A1jusfa-%C3%A1ll%C3%ADt%C3%A1s%3A+szerelmek%2C+konfliktusok%2C+tr%C3%A9f%C3%A1k%2C+n%C3%A9pszok%C3%A1sok&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsokszinuvidek.24.hu%2Feletmod%2F2016%2F05%2F01%2Fmajusfa-allitas-szerelmek-konfliktusok-trefak-nepszokasok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/MagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2/vii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C/szokasok-A355/jeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596/majus-A773/majus-1-A774/,%20https://www.arcanum.com/hu/online-kiadvanyok/MagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2/vii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C/szokasok-A355/jeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596/majus-A773/majus-1-A774/,%20http://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/MagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2/vii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C/szokasok-A355/jeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596/majus-A773/majus-1-A774/,%20https://www.arcanum.hu/hu/online-kiadvanyok/MagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2/vii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C/szokasok-A355/jeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596/majus-A773/majus-1-A774/">"MÁJUS 1. | Magyar néprajz | Kézikönyvtár"</a>. <i>www.arcanum.com</i> (in Hungarian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.arcanum.com&rft.atitle=M%C3%81JUS+1.+%7C+Magyar+n%C3%A9prajz+%7C+K%C3%A9zik%C3%B6nyvt%C3%A1r&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FMagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2%2Fvii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C%2Fszokasok-A355%2Fjeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596%2Fmajus-A773%2Fmajus-1-A774%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.com%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FMagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2%2Fvii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C%2Fszokasok-A355%2Fjeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596%2Fmajus-A773%2Fmajus-1-A774%2F%2C%2520http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.hu%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FMagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2%2Fvii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C%2Fszokasok-A355%2Fjeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596%2Fmajus-A773%2Fmajus-1-A774%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arcanum.hu%2Fhu%2Fonline-kiadvanyok%2FMagyarNeprajz-magyar-neprajz-2%2Fvii-nepszokas-nephit-nepi-vallasossag-A33C%2Fszokasok-A355%2Fjeles-napok-unnepi-szokasok-A596%2Fmajus-A773%2Fmajus-1-A774%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/celebrate-may-day-serbian-style-04-24-2017">"Celebrate May Day, Serbian Style"</a>. <i>Balkan Insight</i>. 1 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Celebrate+May+Day%2C+Serbian+Style&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balkaninsight.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fcelebrate-may-day-serbian-style-04-24-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elcorreogallego.es/hemeroteca/1-mayo-dia-beltane-LPCG929561">"1 de mayo, Día del Beltane"</a>. <i>elcorreogallego.es</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=elcorreogallego.es&rft.atitle=1+de+mayo%2C+D%C3%ADa+del+Beltane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcorreogallego.es%2Fhemeroteca%2F1-mayo-dia-beltane-LPCG929561&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lugopatrimonio.org/index.php/multimedia/videos/item/1976-maioslugo/1976-maioslugo">"Festa dos Maios en Lugo"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Festa+dos+Maios+en+Lugo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lugopatrimonio.org%2Findex.php%2Fmultimedia%2Fvideos%2Fitem%2F1976-maioslugo%2F1976-maioslugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075810/http://www.vilagarcia.es/turismo/galego/7_as_festas/maios.asp">"turismo01"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=turismo01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vilagarcia.es%2Fturismo%2Fgalego%2F7_as_festas%2Fmaios.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaro_de_Vigo2015" class="citation web cs1">Faro de Vigo (17 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farodevigo.es/portada-arousa/2015/04/17/festa-maios-contara-mil-euros/1221981.html">"La Festa dos Maios contará con más de mil euros en premios"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Festa+dos+Maios+contar%C3%A1+con+m%C3%A1s+de+mil+euros+en+premios&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft.au=Faro+de+Vigo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farodevigo.es%2Fportada-arousa%2F2015%2F04%2F17%2Ffesta-maios-contara-mil-euros%2F1221981.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViva_Cristo_Rey2009" class="citation web cs1">Viva Cristo Rey (2 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://friarssermon.blogspot.de/2009/05/dia-de-la-santa-cruz.html">"Sermón Dominical"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serm%C3%B3n+Dominical&rft.date=2009-05-02&rft.au=Viva+Cristo+Rey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffriarssermon.blogspot.de%2F2009%2F05%2Fdia-de-la-santa-cruz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancisMiller1995" class="citation book cs1">Francis, Valerie; Miller, Archie (May 1995). <i>Official Programme Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of May Day and New Westminster Homecoming Reunion</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Programme+Celebrating+the+125th+Anniversary+of+May+Day+and+New+Westminster+Homecoming+Reunion&rft.date=1995-05&rft.aulast=Francis&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft.au=Miller%2C+Archie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeks2015" class="citation news cs1">Weeks, Lincoln (30 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-history-dept/2015/04/30/402817821/a-forgotten-tradition-may-basket-day">"A Forgotten Tradition: May Basket Day"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mprnews.org&rft.atitle=Minnesota+Sounds+and+Voices%3A+Morris+Dancers+welcome+spring+in+a+centuries-old+tradition&rft.date=2012-05&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mprnews.org%2Fstory%2F2012%2F05%2F01%2Fminnesota-sounds-and-voices-morris-dancers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-May_Day_is_Lei_Day-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-May_Day_is_Lei_Day_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629193412/http://www.flowerleis.com/info/may-day-is-lei-day/">"May Day is Lei Day"</a>. Flowerleis. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flowerleis.com/info/may-day-is-lei-day/">the original</a> on 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=May+Day+is+Lei+Day&rft.pub=Flowerleis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flowerleis.com%2Finfo%2Fmay-day-is-lei-day%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_History_of_Lei_Day-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A_History_of_Lei_Day_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090325202214/http://www.co.honolulu.hi.us/parks/programs/leiday/history.pdf">"A History of Lei Day"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. City and Council of Honolulu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.co.honolulu.hi.us/parks/programs/leiday/history.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Lei+Day&rft.pub=City+and+Council+of+Honolulu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.co.honolulu.hi.us%2Fparks%2Fprograms%2Fleiday%2Fhistory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTutty1973" class="citation journal cs1">Tutty, Michael J. (1 March 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30082560">"Finglas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Historical_Record" title="Dublin Historical Record">Dublin Historical Record</a></i>. <b>26</b> (2). Dublin: <a href="/wiki/Old_Dublin_Society" title="Old Dublin Society">Old Dublin Society</a>: 66–73. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30082560">30082560</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dublin+Historical+Record&rft.atitle=Finglas&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=66-73&rft.date=1973-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30082560%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Tutty&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30082560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_Day&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:May_Day" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:May Day">May Day</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancientlights.org/morton.html">"Meet Thomas Morton of Merrymount"</a>. <q>Extensive visual, textual and musical studies of American May Day customs since the first Maypole Revels were held at the Ma-Re Mount or Merrymount plantation on Massachusetts Bay in May 1627, hosted by Englishman Thomas Morton; and, last year the state of Massachusetts' Governor Deval Patrick proclaimed May 1 as Thomas Morton Day</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Meet+Thomas+Morton+of+Merrymount&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientlights.org%2Fmorton.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103235323/http://www.lessonplanet.com/lesson_planning_articles/social_studies_lesson_plans/29_April_2010/404/may_day_activities">"May Day classroom resources"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lessonplanet.com/lesson_planning_articles/social_studies_lesson_plans/29_April_2010/404/may_day_activities">the original</a> on 3 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=May+Day+classroom+resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lessonplanet.com%2Flesson_planning_articles%2Fsocial_studies_lesson_plans%2F29_April_2010%2F404%2Fmay_day_activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=17172">"Children Maypole Dancing – Archive Footage"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Children+Maypole+Dancing+%E2%80%93+Archive+Footage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpathe.com%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D17172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaahelehawaii.com">"Website with information on modern Hawaiian Lei Day celebration with information on the lei as a traditional Hawaiian cultural art"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Website+with+information+on+modern+Hawaiian+Lei+Day+celebration+with+information+on+the+lei+as+a+traditional+Hawaiian+cultural+art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaahelehawaii.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://piereligion.org/mayday.html">"Traditional May Day Songs with references"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditional+May+Day+Songs+with+references&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpiereligion.org%2Fmayday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rgoldman.org/morris/mayday/2016">"Dancing up the Sun – May Day Morris Dancing celebrations in North America"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dancing+up+the+Sun+%E2%80%93+May+Day+Morris+Dancing+celebrations+in+North+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frgoldman.org%2Fmorris%2Fmayday%2F2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theholidayspot.com/mayday/customs.htm">"May Day Customs and Celebrations"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=May+Day+Customs+and+Celebrations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theholidayspot.com%2Fmayday%2Fcustoms.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMay+Day" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Public_holidays_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland">Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Saint Brigid's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Holiday" title="June Holiday">June Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Holiday" title="August Holiday">August Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_Holiday" title="October Holiday">October Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen%27s_Day" title="Saint Stephen's Day">Saint Stephen's Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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holidays in Sri Lanka">Public holidays in Sri Lanka</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: lavender;">Jan–Mar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Pongal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai Pongal">Thai Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duruthu_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duruthu Poya Day (page does not exist)">Duruthu Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Sri_Lanka)" title="Independence Day (Sri Lanka)">Independence Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navam_Poya_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Navam Poya Day">Navam Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Shivratri">Maha Shivratri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madin_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madin Poya Day (page does not exist)">Madin Poya Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: lavender;">Apr–Jun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sinhala and Tamil New Year Day eve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_New_Year" title="Sinhalese New Year">Sinhalese New Year</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil New Year">Tamil New Year</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bak_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bak Poya Day (page does not exist)">Bak Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak Poya Day</a></li> <li>Day following Vesak Poya Day</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Id-Ul-Fitr (Ramazan Festival Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poson" title="Poson">Poson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: lavender;">Jul–Sep</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esala_Poya_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Esala Poya Day">Esala Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Id-Ul-Alha (Hadji Festival Day)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikini_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikini Poya Day (page does not exist)">Nikini Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binara_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binara Poya Day (page does not exist)">Binara Poya Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: lavender;">Oct–Dec</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding: 0.25em 0; line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vap_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vap Poya Day (page does not exist)">Vap Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Deepavali Festival Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Milad-Un-Nabi (Holy Prophet’s Birthday)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ill_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ill Poya Day (page does not exist)">Ill Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unduvap_Poya_Day&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unduvap Poya Day (page does not exist)">Unduvap Poya Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li>Spring Bank Holiday</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Tuesday" title="Easter Tuesday">Easter Tuesday</a></li> <li>Spring Bank Holiday</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">Battle of the Boyne (Orangemen's Day)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2nd January</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Andrew's Day">St Andrew's Day</a> (optional)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Holidays,_observances,_and_celebrations_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public holidays in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Holidays,_observances,_and_celebrations_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Holidays, observances, and celebrations in the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Day" title="New Year's Day">New Year's Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Birthday of Eugenio María de Hostos</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Heroes Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Eve of Three Kings' Day</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Feast of Epiphany / Feast of Theophany</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Korematsu_Day" title="Fred Korematsu Day">Fred Korematsu Day</a> (AZ, CA, FL, HI, VA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Human_Rights_Day" title="Idaho Human Rights Day">Idaho Human Rights Day</a> (ID)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">Inauguration Day</a> (federal quadrennial)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Day" title="Kansas Day">Kansas Day</a> (KS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti / Pongal</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee_Day" title="Robert E. Lee Day">Robert E. Lee Day</a> (FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster_Memorial_Day" title="Stephen Foster Memorial Day">Stephen Foster Memorial Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eighth_(United_States)" title="The Eighth (United States)">The Eighth</a> (LA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Three Kings' Day</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Religion_Day" title="World Religion Day">World Religion Day</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January–February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_Sunday" title="Super Bowl Sunday">Super Bowl Sunday</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lunar_New_Year" title="Lunar New Year">Lunar New Year</a> (NY, cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February<br /><a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Month" title="American Heart Month">American Heart Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Black_History_Month" title="Black History Month">Black History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine%27s_Day" title="Valentine's Day">Valentine's Day</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Luis Muñoz Marín">Birthday of Luis Muñoz Marín</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_Day" title="Darwin Day">Charles Darwin Day / Darwin Day</a> (CA, DE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Remembrance_(Japanese_Americans)" title="Day of Remembrance (Japanese Americans)">Day of Remembrance</a> (CA, OR, WA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Day" title="Georgia Day">Georgia Day</a> (GA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundhog_Day" title="Groundhog Day">Groundhog Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Birthday" title="Lincoln's Birthday">Lincoln's Birthday</a> (CA, CT, IL, IN, MO, NY, WV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Girls_and_Women_in_Sports_Day" title="National Girls and Women in Sports Day">National Girls and Women in Sports Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Freedom_Day" title="National Freedom Day">National Freedom Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinirvana_Day" title="Parinirvana Day">Nirvana Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation of Our Lord to the Temple</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Reformer_Day" title="Promised Reformer Day">Promised Reformer Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_Day" title="Ronald Reagan Day">Ronald Reagan Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (CA, MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saviours%27_Day" title="Saviours' Day">Saviours' Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Day" title="Susan B. Anthony Day">Susan B. Anthony Day</a> (CA, FL, NY, WI, WV, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_BiShvat" title="Tu BiShvat">Tu B’shvat</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February–March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Wednesday" title="Ash Wednesday">Ash Wednesday</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Monday" title="Clean Monday">Clean Monday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courir_de_Mardi_Gras" title="Courir de Mardi Gras">Courir de Mardi Gras</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayy%C3%A1m-i-H%C3%A1" title="Ayyám-i-Há">Intercalary Days</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Mahashivaratri</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrove_Tuesday" title="Shrove Tuesday">Shrove Tuesday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday">Super Tuesday</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March<br /><a href="/wiki/Irish-American_Heritage_Month" title="Irish-American Heritage Month">Irish-American Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Colon_Cancer_Awareness_Month" title="National Colon Cancer Awareness Month">Colon Cancer Awareness Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month" title="Women's History Month">Women's History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">Spring break</a> (week)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation of the Virgin Mary / Annunciation of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski_Day" title="Casimir Pulaski Day">Casimir Pulaski Day</a> (IL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_Day" title="Cesar Chavez Day">Cesar Chavez Day</a> (CA, CO, TX, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#Puerto_Rico" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day in Puerto Rico</a> (PR, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(Massachusetts)" title="Evacuation Day (Massachusetts)">Evacuation Day</a> (Suffolk County, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman_Day" title="Harriet Tubman Day">Harriet Tubman Day</a> (NY)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hola_Mohalla" title="Hola Mohalla">Hola Mohalla</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Ron_Hubbard" title="L. Ron Hubbard">L. Ron Hubbard's Birthday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isra_and_Mi%27raj#Modern_Muslim_observance" class="mw-redirect" title="Isra and Mi'raj">Lailat al-Mi'raj</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_and_Freedom_Day" title="Liberation and Freedom Day">Liberation and Freedom Day</a> (Charlottesville, VA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras_in_the_United_States" title="Mardi Gras in the United States">Mardi Gras</a> (AL (in two counties), LA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Day" title="Maryland Day">Maryland Day</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal_of_Honor_Day" title="Medal of Honor Day">Medal of Honor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Poison_Prevention_Week" title="National Poison Prevention Week">National Poison Prevention Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%92ostre" title="Ēostre">Ostara</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Day" title="Pi Day">Pi Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_K%C5%ABhi%C5%8D_Day" title="Prince Kūhiō Day">Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Messiah_Day" title="Promised Messiah Day">Promised Messiah Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_Day" title="Saint Joseph's Day">Saint Joseph's Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seward%27s_Day" title="Seward's Day">Seward's Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Independence_Day" title="Texas Independence Day">Texas Independence Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting#Vermont" title="Town meeting">Town Meeting Day</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Day" title="Transfer Day">Transfer Day</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Transgender_Day_of_Visibility" title="International Transgender Day of Visibility">Trans Day of Visibility</a> (cultural)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March–April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> (religious)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> (CT, NC, PR, NJ, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman_Jayanti" title="Hanuman Jayanti">Hanuman Jayanti</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maundy_Thursday" title="Maundy Thursday">Holy Thursday</a> (PR, VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> (PR, religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Saturday" title="Lazarus Saturday">Lazarus Saturday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Janma_Kalyanak" title="Mahavir Janma Kalyanak">Mahavir Janma Kalyanak</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesha_Sankranti" title="Mesha Sankranti">Mesha Sankranti / Hindu New Year</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Sunday" title="Palm Sunday">Palm Sunday</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday / Bright Monday</a> (VI, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Ramnavami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Chandramana Uugadi / Souramana Uugadi</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Arab_American_Heritage_Month" title="National Arab American Heritage Month">Arab American Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Confederate_History_Month" title="Confederate History Month">Confederate History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_Fools%27_Day" title="April Fools' Day">April Fools' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbor_Day" title="Arbor Day">Arbor Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Diego" title="José de Diego">Birthday of José de Diego</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederate_Memorial_Day" title="Confederate Memorial Day">Confederate Memorial Day</a> (AL, MS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Remembrance_of_the_Victims_of_the_Holocaust" title="Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust">Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Birthday" title="Jefferson's Birthday">Thomas Jefferson's Birthday</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lag_BaOmer" title="Lag BaOmer">Lag B’Omer</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lent" title="Great Lent">Last Friday of Great Lent</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascua_Florida" title="Pascua Florida">Pascua Florida</a> (FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriots%27_Day" title="Patriots' Day">Patriots' Day</a> (MA, ME)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridv%C3%A1n" title="Ridván">Ridván</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jacinto_Day" title="San Jacinto Day">San Jacinto Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siblings_Day" title="Siblings Day">Siblings Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpurgis_Night" title="Walpurgis Night">Walpurgis Night</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Israel)" title="Independence Day (Israel)">Yom Ha'atzmaut</a> (cultural, religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May<br /><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Heritage_Month" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month">Asian American and<br />Pacific Islander Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_Heritage_Month" title="Jewish American Heritage Month">Jewish American Heritage Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Appreciation_Month" title="National Military Appreciation Month">Military Appreciation Month</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Mother's Day (United States)">Mother's Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinco_de_Mayo" title="Cinco de Mayo">Cinco de Mayo</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">Ascension of Baháʼu'lláh</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascension Day">Ascension of Our Lord</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate_Day" title="Caliphate Day">Caliphate Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Holy_Days" title="Baháʼí Holy Days">Declaration of the Bab</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Milk_Day" title="Harvey Milk Day">Harvey Milk Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">International Workers' Day</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">May Day</a> (CA, unofficial, proposed state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Day_(United_States)" title="Law Day (United States)">Law Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_Day" title="Loyalty Day">Loyalty Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X_Day" title="Malcolm X Day">Malcolm X Day</a> (CA, IL, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Spouse_Day" title="Military Spouse Day">Military Spouse Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Prayer" title="National Day of Prayer">National Day of Prayer</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Day_of_Reason" title="National Day of Reason">National Day of Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Transportation_Day" title="National Defense Transportation Day">National Defense Transportation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Maritime_Day" title="United States National Maritime Day">National Maritime Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Officers_Memorial_Day" title="Peace Officers Memorial Day">Peace Officers Memorial Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecost" title="Pentecost">Pentecost</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truman_Day" title="Truman Day">Truman Day</a> (MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesak" title="Vesak">Vesak</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha's Birthday</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June<br /><a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> (federal, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day_(United_States)" title="Father's Day (United States)">Father's Day</a> (36)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunker Hill Day">Bunker Hill Day</a> (Suffolk County, MA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolina Day">Carolina Day</a> (SC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young_Day" title="Don Young Day">Don Young Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles%27_Fast" title="Apostles' Fast">Fast of the Holy Apostles</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_(United_States)" title="Flag Day (United States)">Flag Day</a> (36, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller_Day" title="Helen Keller Day">Helen Keller Day</a> (PA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_America_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor America Days">Honor America Days</a> (3 weeks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Jefferson Davis Day">Jefferson Davis Day</a> (AL, FL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamehameha_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamehameha Day">Kamehameha Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midsummer" title="Midsummer">Litha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Arjan" title="Guru Arjan">Martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Sahib</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odunde_Festival" title="Odunde Festival">Odunde Festival</a> (Philadelphia, PA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senior_Week" title="Senior Week">Senior Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist#Celebration" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity of Saint John the Baptist">Saint John's Day</a> (PR, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Day" title="West Virginia Day">West Virginia Day</a> (WV)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> (federal)</li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asalha_Puja" title="Asalha Puja">Asalha Puja Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Rivera" title="Luis Muñoz Rivera">Birthday of Don Luis Muñoz Rivera</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Celso_Barbosa" title="José Celso Barbosa">Birthday of Dr. José Celso Barbosa</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Day#United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Emancipation Day">Emancipation Day in the U.S. Virgin Islands</a> (VI, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Purnima" title="Guru Purnima">Guru Purnima</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordad_Sal" title="Khordad Sal">Khordad Sal</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty_Restoration_Day" title="Sovereignty Restoration Day">Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea</a> (HI, unofficial, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_the_B%C3%A1b" title="Execution of the Báb">Martyrdom of the Báb</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_Day" title="Parents' Day">Parents' Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Day" title="Pioneer Day">Pioneer Day</a> (UT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Constitution_Day" title="Puerto Rico Constitution Day">Puerto Rico Constitution Day</a> (PR)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July–August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_vacation" title="Summer vacation">Summer vacation</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tisha_B%27Av" title="Tisha B'Av">Tisha B'Av</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Day" title="American Family Day">American Family Day</a> (AZ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day in Illinois</a> (IL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington_Battle_Day" title="Bennington Battle Day">Bennington Battle Day</a> (VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God#Dormition_versus_Assumption" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Dormition of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Ghadir" title="Eid al-Ghadir">Eid-e-Ghadeer</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God#Dormition_fast" title="Dormition of the Mother of God">Fast in Honor of the Holy Mother of Lord Jesus</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary#Feasts" title="Assumption of Mary">Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statehood_Day_(Hawaii)" title="Statehood Day (Hawaii)">Hawaii Admission Day / Statehood Day</a> (HI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammas" title="Lammas">Lammas</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Day" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Day">Lyndon Baines Johnson Day</a> (TX)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_Panchami" title="Naga Panchami">Naga Panchami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aviation_Day" title="National Aviation Day">National Aviation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paryushana" title="Paryushana">Paryushana</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Transfiguration of the Lord</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(United_States)" title="Victory Day (United States)">Victory Day</a> (RI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Day" title="Women's Equality Day">Women's Equality Day</a> (36)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Prostate_Cancer_Awareness_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month">Prostate Cancer Awareness Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Childhood_Cancer_Awareness_Month" title="National Childhood Cancer Awareness Month">Childhood Cancer Awareness Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Day" title="Brazilian Day">Brazilian Day</a> (NY, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Admission_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="California Admission Day">California Admission Day</a> (CA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Garner_Federal_Lands_Cleanup_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day">Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Day_and_Citizenship_Day" title="Constitution Day and Citizenship Day">Constitution Day and Citizenship Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Week" title="Constitution Week">Constitution Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_Day_(Maryland)" title="Defenders Day (Maryland)">Defenders Day</a> (MD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevation_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Elevation of the Holy Cross">Elevation of the Holy Cross</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_San_Gennaro" title="Feast of San Gennaro">Feast of San Gennaro</a> (NY, cultural, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Star_Mother%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Star Mother's Day">Gold Star Mother's Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakya_Trizin_Ngawang_Kunga" title="Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga">His Holiness Sakya Trizin's Birthday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_equinox" title="September equinox">Mabon</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandparents%27_Day" title="Grandparents' Day">National Grandparents Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Payroll_Week" title="National Payroll Week">National Payroll Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity of Mary / Nativity of the Theotokos</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day</a> (proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Day" title="Patriot Day">Patriot Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Von_Steuben_Day" title="Von Steuben Day">Von Steuben Day</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September–October<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Hispanic_Heritage_Month" title="National Hispanic Heritage Month">Hispanic Heritage Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27een" class="mw-redirect" title="Arba'een">Chehlum Imam Hussain</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktoberfest_celebrations" title="Oktoberfest celebrations">Oktoberfest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitri_Paksha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitri Paksha">Pitri Paksha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah / Feast of Trumpets</a> (TX, NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Torah" title="Simchat Torah">Simchat Torah</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijaya Dashami</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur" title="Yom Kippur">Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement</a> (TX, NY, religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October<br /><a href="/wiki/National_Breast_Cancer_Awareness_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="National Breast Cancer Awareness Month">Breast Cancer Awareness Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/National_Disability_Employment_Awareness_Month" title="National Disability Employment Awareness Month">Disability Employment Awareness Month</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_Heritage_and_Culture_Month" title="Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month">Italian-American Heritage and Culture Month</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American_History_Month" title="Filipino American History Month">Filipino American History Month</a><br /><a href="/wiki/LGBT_History_Month" title="LGBT History Month">LGBT History Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Day" title="Alaska Day">Alaska Day</a> (AK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Health_Day" title="Child Health Day">Child Health Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Pulaski_Memorial_Day" title="General Pulaski Memorial Day">General Pulaski Memorial Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-American_Day" title="German-American Day">German-American Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Peoples%27_Day_(United_States)" title="Indigenous Peoples' Day (United States)">Indigenous Peoples' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Non-Violence" title="International Day of Non-Violence">International Day of Non-Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leif_Erikson_Day" title="Leif Erikson Day">Leif Erikson Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Day" title="Missouri Day">Missouri Day</a> (MO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomonestotse" title="Nanomonestotse">Nanomonestotse</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_School_Lunch_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="National School Lunch Week">National School Lunch Week</a> (week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day in South Dakota</a> (SD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Day" title="Nevada Day">Nevada Day</a> (NV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Day" title="Spirit Day">Spirit Day</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweetest_Day" title="Sweetest Day">Sweetest Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot / Feast of Tabernacles</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands%E2%80%93Puerto_Rico_Friendship_Day" title="Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day">Virgin Islands–Puerto Rico Friendship Day</a> (PR, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Cane_Safety_Day" title="White Cane Safety Day">White Cane Safety Day</a> (36)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October–November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Holy_Birthdays" title="Twin Holy Birthdays">Birth of the Báb</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BCu%27ll%C3%A1h" title="Birth of Baháʼu'lláh">Birth of Baháʼu'lláh</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Dead" title="Day of the Dead">Day of the Dead</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mawlid" title="Mawlid">Mawlid al-Nabi</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November<br /> <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Indian_Heritage_Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Indian Heritage Month">Native American Indian Heritage Month</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a> (federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> (federal)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAbdu%27l-Bah%C3%A1" title="ʻAbdu'l-Bahá">Ascension of ‘Abdu’l Baha</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Day" title="All Saints' Day">All Saints' Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Beginning of the Nativity Fast</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day in Alabama</a> (Perry County, AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Hamilton_Jackson" title="D. Hamilton Jackson">D. Hamilton Jackson Day</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)" title="Black Friday (shopping)">Day after Thanksgiving</a> (24)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Covenant_(Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD)" title="Day of the Covenant (Baháʼí)">Day of the Covenant</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery of Puerto Rico">Discovery of Puerto Rico Day</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Day_(United_States)" title="Election Day (United States)">Election Day</a> (CA, DE, HI, KY, MT, NJ, NY, OH, PR, VA, WV, proposed federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Day" title="Family Day">Family Day</a> (NV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Nanak_Gurpurab" title="Guru Nanak Gurpurab">Guru Nanak Gurpurab</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Hawaii)" title="Independence Day (Hawaii)">Lā Kūʻokoʻa</a> (HI, unofficial, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Heritage_Day" title="Native American Heritage Day">Native American Heritage Day</a> (MD, WA, cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of the Theotokos to the Temple</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_Day_of_Remembrance" title="Transgender Day of Remembrance">Trans Day of Remembrance</a> (cultural)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unthanksgiving_Day" title="Unthanksgiving Day">Unthanksgiving Day</a> (cultural)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a> (religious, federal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a></li> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Sunday" title="Advent Sunday">Advent Sunday</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Day" title="Alabama Day">Alabama Day</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Birthday of Guru Gobind Singh Sahib</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhi_Day" title="Bodhi Day">Bodhi Day</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalica" title="Chalica">Chalica</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> (KY, NC, SC, PR, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_Day" title="Boxing Day">Day after Christmas</a> (KY, NC, SC, TX, VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festivus" title="Festivus">Festivus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HumanLight" title="HumanLight">HumanLight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah" title="Hanukkah">Hanukkah</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Day" title="Indiana Day">Indiana Day</a> (IN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a> (cultural, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Burhanuddin" title="Mohammed Burhanuddin">Milad Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pearl_Harbor_Remembrance_Day" title="National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day">National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">Old Year's Night</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Aviation_Day" title="Pan American Aviation Day">Pan American Aviation Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivaya_Subramuniyaswami" title="Sivaya Subramuniyaswami">Pancha Ganapati</a> (religious, week)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks_Day" title="Rosa Parks Day">Rosa Parks Day</a> (OH, OR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Brothers_Day" title="Wright Brothers Day">Wright Brothers Day</a> (36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yule" title="Yule">Yule</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zartosht_No-Diso" title="Zartosht No-Diso">Zartosht No-Diso</a> (religious)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Varies (year round)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> (NY, religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_New_Year" title="Islamic New Year">Islamic New Year</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Arafah" title="Day of Arafah">Yawm al-Arafa</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Qadr" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Qadr">Laylat al-Qadr</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> (religious, four times a year)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Bon Festival">Obon</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> (religious, month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Festival" title="Ghost Festival">Ghost Festival</a> (religious)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashura" title="Ashura">Yawm Aashura</a> (religious)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:90%;"><div>Legend: <p>(federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">racial/ethnic group</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_minority" title="Sexual minority">sexual minority</a>, (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 36 of the United States Code">Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies</a><br /> </p> See also: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_holidays" title="Lists of holidays">Lists of holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_holiday" title="Hallmark holiday">Hallmark holidays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Public holidays in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Public holidays in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Public holidays in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link 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title="Anti-capitalism">Anti-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimilitarism" title="Antimilitarism">Anti-militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_social_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous social center">Autonomous social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classless_society" title="Classless society">Classless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consensus_decision-making" title="Consensus decision-making">Consensus decision-making</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_love" title="Free love">Free love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freethought" title="Freethought">Freethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">Horizontalidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_law" title="Anarchist law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual aid (organization theory)">Mutual aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Participatory politics">Participatory politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_autonomous_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent autonomous zone">Permanent autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefigurative_politics" title="Prefigurative politics">Prefigurative politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_of_the_deed" title="Propaganda of the deed">Propaganda of the deed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refusal_of_work" title="Refusal of work">Refusal of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewilding_(anarchism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rewilding (anarchism)">Rewilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">Sabotage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_culture" title="Security culture">Security culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociocracy" title="Sociocracy">Sociocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatherapy">Somatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting" title="Squatting">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Autonomous_Zone" title="Temporary Autonomous Zone">Temporary autonomous zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Issues_in_anarchism" title="Category:Issues in anarchism">Issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_animal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchism and animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_capitalism" title="Anarchism and capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_education" title="Anarchism and education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_issues_related_to_love_and_sex" title="Anarchism and issues related to love and sex">Love and sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion" title="Anarchism and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_violence" title="Anarchism and violence">Violence</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_schools_of_thought" title="Category:Anarchist schools of thought">Schools of thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical anarchism">Classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egoist_anarchism" title="Egoist anarchism">Egoist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegalism" title="Illegalism">Illegalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-naturism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-naturism">Naturist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_anarchism" title="Philosophical anarchism">Philosophical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-classical anarchism">Post-classical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-primitivism" title="Anarcho-primitivism">Primitivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence anarchism">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-pacifism" title="Anarcho-pacifism">Pacifist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Religious_anarchism_and_anarchist_themes_in_religions" title="Anarchism and religion">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_religion#Buddhism" title="Anarchism and religion">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_without_adjectives" title="Anarchism without adjectives">Without adjectives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_anarchism" title="Contemporary anarchism">Contemporary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_anarchism" title="Postcolonial anarchism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-anarchism">Post-anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-left_anarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-left anarchy">Post-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of federation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affinity_group" title="Affinity group">Affinity group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Anarcho-syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesis_anarchism" title="Synthesis anarchism">Synthesis anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_egoists" title="Union of egoists">Union of egoists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_economics" title="Category:Anarchist economics">Economics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communization" title="Communization">Communization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_the_limit_of_price" title="Cost the limit of price">Cost the limit of price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give-away_shop" title="Give-away shop">Give-away shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_bank" title="Mutual bank">Mutual bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_credit" title="Mutual credit">Mutual credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_slavery" title="Wage slavery">Wage slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchist_culture" title="Category:Anarchist culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_bookfair" title="Anarchist bookfair">Anarchist bookfair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_the_arts" title="Anarchism and the arts">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escuela_Moderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Escuela Moderna">Escuela Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeganism" title="Freeganism">Freeganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoshop" title="Infoshop">Infoshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Media_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Media Center">Independent Media Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish anarchism">Jewish anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lifestyle anarchism">Lifestylism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_gods,_no_masters" class="mw-redirect" title="No gods, no masters">No gods, no masters</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_education" title="Popular education">Popular education</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Property_is_theft!" class="mw-redirect" title="Property is theft!">Property is theft!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_cheerleading" title="Radical cheerleading">Radical cheerleading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_environmentalism" title="Radical environmentalism">Radical environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-managed_social_center" title="Self-managed social center">Self-managed social center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_symbolism" title="Anarchist symbolism">Symbolism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Anarchism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Regional_Federation_of_the_IWA" title="Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA">Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Congress_(1872)" title="Hague Congress (1872)">Hague Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_rebellion" title="Cantonal rebellion">Cantonal rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymarket_affair" title="Haymarket affair">Haymarket affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Thirty" title="Trial of the Thirty">Trial of the Thirty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_of_Rome_for_the_Social_Defense_Against_Anarchists" title="International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists">International Conference of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrer_movement" title="Ferrer movement">Ferrer movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strandza_Commune" class="mw-redirect" title="Strandza Commune">Strandza Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Anarchist_Congress_of_Amsterdam" title="International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam">Congress of Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Week_(Spain)" title="Tragic Week (Spain)">Tragic Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Treason_Incident" title="High Treason Incident">High Treason Incident</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Sixteen" title="Manifesto of the Sixteen">Manifesto of the Sixteen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution of 1918–1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Soviet_Republic" title="Bavarian Soviet Republic">Bavarian Soviet Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_United_States_anarchist_bombings" title="1919 United States anarchist bombings">1919 United States bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biennio_Rosso" title="Biennio Rosso">Biennio Rosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kronstadt_rebellion" title="Kronstadt rebellion">Kronstadt rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amakasu_Incident" title="Amakasu Incident">Amakasu Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Revolution_of_1936" title="Spanish Revolution of 1936">Spanish Revolution of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days" class="mw-redirect" title="Barcelona May Days">Barcelona May Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle" class="mw-redirect" title="Red inverted triangle">Red inverted triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labadie_Collection" title="Labadie Collection">Labadie Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provo_(movement)" title="Provo (movement)">Provo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIP_(company)" title="LIP (company)">LIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Sharpley_Library" title="Kate Sharpley Library">Kate Sharpley Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Anarchist_Centenary_Celebrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations">Australian Anarchist Centenary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnival_Against_Capital" title="Carnival Against Capital">Carnival Against Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Seattle_WTO_protests" title="1999 Seattle WTO protests">1999 Seattle WTO protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Really_Really_Free_Market" title="Really Really Free Market">Really Really Free Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchists" title="Category:Anarchists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashanti_Alston" title="Ashanti Alston">Alston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Armand" title="Émile Armand">Armand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba_Jin" title="Ba Jin">Ba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bonanno" title="Alfredo Bonanno">Bonanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_Bourdin" title="Martial Bourdin">Bourdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Ellul" title="Jacques Ellul">Ellul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Kom%27boa_Ervin" title="Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin">Ervin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Faure" title="Sébastien Faure">Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fauset_MacDonald" title="Thomas Fauset MacDonald">Fauset MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Feyerabend" title="Paul Feyerabend">Feyerabend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severino_Di_Giovanni" title="Severino Di Giovanni">Giovanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Godwin" title="William Godwin">Godwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Gonz%C3%A1lez_Prada" title="Manuel González Prada">González Prada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Graeber" title="David Graeber">Graeber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Guillaume" title="James Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Zhen_(anarchist)" title="He Zhen (anarchist)">He-Yin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanno_Sugako" title="Kanno Sugako">Kanno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtoku_Sh%C5%ABsui" title="Kōtoku Shūsui">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Shifu" title="Liu Shifu">Liu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Flores_Mag%C3%B3n" title="Ricardo Flores Magón">Magón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorii_Maksimov" title="Grigorii Maksimov">Maksimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Mett" title="Ida Mett">Mett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Most" title="Johann Most">Most</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Parsons" title="Lucy Parsons">Parsons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesc_Pi_i_Margall" title="Francesc Pi i Margall">Pi i Margall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Pouget" title="Émile Pouget">Pouget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiratsuka_Raich%C5%8D" title="Hiratsuka Raichō">Raichō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lis%C3%A9e_Reclus" title="Élisée Reclus">Reclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Abad_de_Santill%C3%A1n" title="Diego Abad de Santillán">Santillán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Stirner" title="Max Stirner">Stirner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Ward" title="Colin Ward">Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efim_Yarchuk" title="Efim Yarchuk">Yarchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Zerzan" title="John Zerzan">Zerzan</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarcho-punk_bands" title="List of anarcho-punk bands">Anarcho-punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_anarchism" title="List of books about anarchism">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_anarchists" title="List of fictional anarchists">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_dealing_with_anarchism" title="List of films dealing with anarchism">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_anarchists" title="List of Jewish anarchists">Jewish anarchists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_musicians" title="List of anarchist musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anarchist_periodicals" title="List of anarchist periodicals">Periodicals</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Anarchism_by_region" title="Category:Anarchism by region">By region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Africa" title="Anarchism in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Albania" title="Anarchism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Algeria" title="Anarchism in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Andorra" title="Anarchism in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Argentina" title="Anarchism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Armenia" title="Anarchism in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Austria" title="Anarchism in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Azerbaijan" title="Anarchism in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bangladesh" title="Anarchism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belarus" title="Anarchism in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Belgium" title="Anarchism in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bolivia" title="Anarchism in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Anarchism in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Brazil" title="Anarchism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Bulgaria" title="Anarchism in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Canada" title="Anarchism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Chile" title="Anarchism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_China" title="Anarchism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Colombia" title="Anarchism in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Anarchism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Croatia" title="Anarchism in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cuba" title="Anarchism in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Cyprus" title="Anarchism in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Denmark" title="Anarchism in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Anarchism in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_East_Timor" title="Anarchism in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ecuador" title="Anarchism in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Egypt" title="Anarchism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_El_Salvador" title="Anarchism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Estonia" title="Anarchism in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Finland" title="Anarchism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_France" title="Anarchism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_French_Guiana" title="Anarchism in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Georgia" title="Anarchism in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Germany" title="Anarchism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Greece" title="Anarchism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Guatemala" title="Anarchism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hong_Kong" title="Anarchism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Hungary" title="Anarchism in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iceland" title="Anarchism in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_India" title="Anarchism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Indonesia" title="Anarchism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Iran" title="Anarchism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ireland" title="Anarchism in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Israel" title="Anarchism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Italy" title="Anarchism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Japan" title="Anarchism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Korea" title="Anarchism in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Latvia" title="Anarchism in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Malaysia" title="Anarchism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mexico" title="Anarchism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Monaco" title="Anarchism in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Mongolia" title="Anarchism in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Morocco" title="Anarchism in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Anarchism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_New_Zealand" title="Anarchism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nicaragua" title="Anarchism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Nigeria" title="Anarchism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Norway" title="Anarchism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Panama" title="Anarchism in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Paraguay" title="Anarchism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Peru" title="Anarchism in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_Philippines" title="Anarchism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Poland" title="Anarchism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Portugal" title="Anarchism in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Anarchism in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Romania" title="Anarchism in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Russia" title="Anarchism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Serbia" title="Anarchism in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Singapore" title="Anarchism in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_South_Africa" title="Anarchism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Spain" title="Anarchism in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Sweden" title="Anarchism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Switzerland" title="Anarchism in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Syria" title="Anarchism in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Taiwan" title="Anarchism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Tunisia" title="Anarchism in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Turkey" title="Anarchism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine" title="Anarchism in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Anarchism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Uruguay" title="Anarchism in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Venezuela" title="Anarchism in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Vietnam" title="Anarchism in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_anarchism" title="Outline of anarchism">Related topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate_activism" title="Anti-corporate activism">Anti-corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-consumerism" title="Anti-consumerism">Anti-consumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-statism" title="Anti-statism">Anti-statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomism" title="Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a 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