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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tamil_bhakti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tamil bhakti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tamil_bhakti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Denominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saiva_Siddhanta_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saiva_Siddhanta_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Saiva Siddhanta today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saiva_Siddhanta_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item 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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Siddhanta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="শৈবসিদ্ধান্ত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শৈবসিদ্ধান্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Shaiva Siddhanta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shaiva Siddhanta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="शैवसिद्धान्त – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शैवसिद्धान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aaivasiddh%C4%81nta" title="Śaivasiddhānta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Śaivasiddhānta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4" title="ಶೈವ ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶೈವ ಸಿದ್ಧಾಂತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="शैवसिद्धान्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शैवसिद्धान्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Aiwaizm_tamilski" title="Śiwaizm tamilski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Śiwaizm tamilski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shaiva Siddhanta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சைவ சித்தாந்தம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைவ சித்தாந்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="శైవ సిద్ధాంతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శైవ సిద్ధాంతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Oldest form of Shaivism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Shaivism" title="Category:Shaivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: #FFC569; padding:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaivismFlag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SaivismFlag.svg/150px-SaivismFlag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SaivismFlag.svg/225px-SaivismFlag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SaivismFlag.svg/300px-SaivismFlag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="495" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Parameshvara_(epithet)" title="Parameshvara (epithet)">Parameshvara</a></b><br /><i>(Supreme being)</i> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadasiva" title="Sadasiva">Sadasiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairava" title="Bhairava">Bhairava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra" title="Rudra">Rudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virabhadra" title="Virabhadra">Virabhadra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchavimshatimurti" title="Panchavimshatimurti">Forms of Shiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_deities" title="List of Hindu deities">Others</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Scriptures and texts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Sutras_of_Vasugupta" title="Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta">Shivasutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Svetasvatara</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Philosophy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <dl><dd>Three Components</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashupati" title="Pashupati">Pati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Pashu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%C5%9Ba" title="Pāśa">Pasam</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Three bondages</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anava" title="Anava">Anava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a> <br /></li></ul> <dl><dd>other aspects</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva_(Shaivism)" title="Tattva (Shaivism)">36 Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satkaryavada" title="Satkaryavada">Satkaryavada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhasavada" title="Abhasavada">Abhasavada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svatantrya" title="Svatantrya">Svatantrya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aham_(Kashmir_Shaivism)" title="Aham (Kashmir Shaivism)">Aham</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vibhuti" title="Vibhuti">Vibhuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudraksha" title="Rudraksha">Rudraksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Namah_Shivaya" title="Om Namah Shivaya">Panchakshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_marmelos#Religious_significance" title="Aegle marmelos">Bilva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a>-<a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru" title="Guru">Guru</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lingam" title="Lingam">Linga</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jangam" title="Jangam">Jangam</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"><hr /> <dl><dd><b>Ati marga</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Kalamukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Mantra_marga" title="Mantra marga">Mantra marga</a></b></dd></dl> <p><i>Saiddhantika</i> </p> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siddhantism</a></li></ul> <p><i>Non - Saiddhantika</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmir Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamachara" title="Vamachara">Vama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dak%E1%B9%A3i%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Dakṣiṇā">Dakshina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaula_(Hinduism)" title="Kaula (Hinduism)">Kaula</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Trika</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rudrayamala" title="Rudrayamala">Yamala</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kubjika" title="Kubjika">Kubjika</a>-<a href="/wiki/Netra_Tantra" title="Netra Tantra">Netra</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b>Others</b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inchegeri_Sampradaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Inchegeri Sampradaya">Inchegeri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhar" title="Siddhar">Siddharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Sroutaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghori" title="Aghori">Aghori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Indonesia" title="Hinduism in Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Scholars</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakulisha" title="Lakulisha">Lakulisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasugupta" title="Vasugupta">Vasugupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utpaladeva" title="Utpaladeva">Utpaladeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikkavacakar" title="Manikkavacakar">Manikkavacakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meykandar" title="Meykandar">Meykandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dang_Hyang_Nirartha" title="Dang Hyang Nirartha">Nirartha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharana_(Hinduism)" title="Sharana (Hinduism)">Sharana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Srikantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appayya_Dikshita" title="Appayya Dikshita">Appayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navnath" class="mw-redirect" title="Navnath">Navnath</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:#FFC569 1px solid; border-bottom:#FFC569 1px solid;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_(Hinduism)" title="Nandi (Hinduism)">Nandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotirlinga" title="Jyotirlinga">Jyotirlinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shiva_temples" title="Template:Shiva temples">Shiva Temples</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background-color:#FFC569"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Aum_Om_red.svg/16px-Aum_Om_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#FFC569;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Hindu philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/80px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/120px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/160px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Orthodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFC569;"> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Heterodox</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;"> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aj%C3%B1ana" title="Ajñana">Ajñana</a></b></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Sub-schools</b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartist</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavite</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhedabheda" title="Bhedabheda">Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivite</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Panchartika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamukha" title="Kalamukha">Pramanavada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Shakti Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Shiva Bhedabeda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Integral_yoga" title="Integral yoga">Integral yoga</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b>Teachers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Acharya" title="Acharya">Acharyas</a>)</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Akṣapāda Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a> (Mayavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81chaspati_Misra" title="Vāchaspati Misra">Vāchaspati Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a> (Tattvavada)</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhvacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasatirtha" title="Vyasatirtha">Vyasatirtha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya Mahaprabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shakta</a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda Paramahansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamakhepa" title="Bamakhepa">Bamakhepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Bhattacharya_(Bengal)" title="Kamalakanta Bhattacharya (Bengal)">Kamalakanta Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamayi_Ma" title="Anandamayi Ma">Anandamayi Ma</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;"> <a href="/wiki/Neo-Vedanta" title="Neo-Vedanta">Neo-Vedanta</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-style:italic;padding-bottom:0;;font-weight:normal;"> Others</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0 0.5em 0.65em;"> <table class="infobox" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ka%E1%B9%87%C4%81da" title="Kaṇāda">Kaṇāda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-style:italic;padding-right:1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">Secular</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valluvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Valluvar">Valluvar</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.5em 0.75em;;padding:1px 0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:normal;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><b><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Major texts</a></b></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Upanishads" title="Principal Upanishads">Principal Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Other scriptures</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agama (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachanamrut" title="Vachanamrut">Vachanamrut</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><i><b><a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></b></i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sutras" title="Brahma Sutras">Brahma Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samkhyakarika" title="Samkhyakarika">Samkhya Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purva_Mimamsa_Sutras" title="Purva Mimamsa Sutras">Mimamsa Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C4%81ya_S%C5%ABtras" title="Nyāya Sūtras">Nyāya Sūtras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Be%E1%B9%A3ika_S%C5%ABtra" title="Vaiśeṣika Sūtra">Vaiśeṣika Sūtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Pramana Sutras</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama_Sutra" title="Kama Sutra">Kama Sutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalayira_Divya_Prabandham" title="Naalayira Divya Prabandham">Naalayira Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular ethics</a></b></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kural" title="Kural">Kural</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_philosophy" title="Indian philosophy">Other Indian philosophies</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_philosophy" title="Template talk:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_philosophy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu philosophy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shaiva Siddhanta</b> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Śaiva-siddhānta</i></span></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> popular in a pristine form in South India and Sri Lanka and in a <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Tantrayana</a> syncretised form in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (as Siwa Siddhanta<sup id="cite_ref-IJAMR_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJAMR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) propounds a devotional philosophy with the ultimate goal of experiencing union with <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>. The former draws primarily on the Tamil devotional hymns written by Shaiva saints from the 5th to the 9th century CE, known in their collected form as <i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Tirumular" title="Tirumular">Tirumular</a> is considered to be the propounder of the term Siddhanta and its basic tenets. In the 12th century, Aghorasiva, the head of a branch monastery of the Amardaka order in <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a>, took up the task of formulating Shaiva Siddhanta. This is an earliest known Aghora Paddhati system of Shaiva Siddhanta of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Brahmin" title="Tamil Brahmin">Adi Shaivas</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">matha</a></i>s in <a href="/wiki/Kongu_Nadu" title="Kongu Nadu">Kongu Nadu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Meykandar" title="Meykandar">Meykandar</a> (13th century) was the first systematic philosopher of the school.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The normative rites, cosmology and theology of Shaiva Siddhanta draw upon a combination of <a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic</a> scriptures.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Sri Lankan <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> society, king <a href="/wiki/Rajasinha_I_of_Sitawaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajasinha I of Sitawaka">Rajasinha I of Sitawaka</a> converted to Saiva Siddhantism, and made it the official religion during his reign,<sup id="cite_ref-divaina.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divaina.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a prolonged domination of <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada Buddhism</a> following the conversion of king <a href="/wiki/Devanampiya_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura">Devanampiya Tissa</a>. This Sinhalese Saiva Siddhanta led to the decline of Buddhism for the next two centuries until being revived by South East Asian orders aided by Europeans, but left vestiges in the Sinhalese society. In the continental south East Asian <a href="/wiki/Ramakien" title="Ramakien">Ramayanas</a>, Phra Isuan (from Tamilised Sanskrit Isuwaran)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is considered the highest of gods, while Theravada Buddhism is the dominant philosophical religion. Here Shaiva Siddhanta is the practical religion while Theravada Buddhism is the philosophical overarch. In the <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(term)" title="Nusantara (term)">Nusantaran</a> Siwa Siddhanta, Siwa is syncretised with the Buddha in a <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Tantrayanic</a> form called Siwa-Buda.<sup id="cite_ref-IJAMR_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJAMR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar form is observed in the <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Chams</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> where the community has diverged into the Shaiva Siddhantic <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Vietnam" title="Hinduism in Vietnam">Balamons</a> and the tantrayanic <a href="/wiki/Vajracharya" title="Vajracharya">acharyas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a>: Acars) becoming the Bani Cham Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due to the fact that the Indian <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists#Pandyas_and_Pallavas_2" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Bhakti era</a> philosophical and the subsequent royal Shaiva Siddhanta reaction against Buddhism failed to reach south east asia in which Theravada Buddhism, Tantrayana Buddhism<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later Islam filled the role of philosophical Shaiva Siddhanta.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This tradition is thought to have been once practiced all over <a href="/wiki/Greater_India" title="Greater India">Greater India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Schomerus_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schomerus-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the Muslim subjugation of <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a> restricted Shaiva Siddhanta to the south<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where it was preserved with the Tamil Shaiva movement expressed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a></i> poetry of the <a href="/wiki/Nayanmars" class="mw-redirect" title="Nayanmars">Nayanars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is in this historical context that Shaiva Siddhanta is commonly considered a "southern" tradition, one that is still very much alive.<sup id="cite_ref-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tamil compendium of devotional songs known as <i>Tirumurai</i>, the Shaiva Agamas and <i>"Meykanda"</i> or <i>"Siddhanta"</i> Shastras,<sup id="cite_ref-arulsamy_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arulsamy-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> form the scriptural canon of Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg/200px-Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg/300px-Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg/400px-Shiva_Nataraja_Mus%C3%A9e_Guimet_25971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a>, moderating Panchakritya, the supreme being of Siddhantism.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Monier_Monier-Williams" title="Monier Monier-Williams">Monier-Williams</a> gives the meaning of <i>siddhanta</i> as 'any fixed or established or canonical text-book or received scientific treatise on any subject ... as .. Brahma-siddhanta ब्रह्म-सिद्धान्त,... Surya-siddhanta, etc.' The name of the school could be translated as "the settled view of Shaiva doctrine" or "perfected Shaivism."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Special:EditPage/Shaiva Siddhanta">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shaiva Siddhanta's original form is uncertain. Some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (September 2018)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> hold that it originated as a <a href="/wiki/Monistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monistic">monistic</a> doctrine, espoused by <a href="/wiki/Kashmiris" title="Kashmiris">Kashmiri</a> northern shaivites (date unknown). <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> is another theorized location of origin, where it was most prevalent. It seems likely to others, however, that the early Śaiva Siddhānta may have developed somewhere in India, as a religion built around the notion of a ritual initiation that conferred liberation. Such a notion of liberatory initiation appears to have been borrowed from a <a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a> (<i>pāśupata</i>) tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of the early development of the theology of the school, the question of monism or dualism, which became so central to later theological debates, had not yet emerged as an important issue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ontological_Categories">Ontological Categories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ontological Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shaiva Siddhanta believes in three different categories, which are distinct from each other:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>pati</i> ("Lord"), is Siva himself and cause of emission, maintenance, re-absorption, concealment and grace.</li> <li><i>pasu</i> ("Soul"), is individual Soul, distinct from Siva, but bound because of impurities.</li> <li><i>pasa</i> ("Bond"), the three impurities - <i>anava</i> (darkness), <i>karma</i> (deed) and <i>maya</i> (delusion).</li></ol> <p>The soul gains experience through its action (rituals), which removes the three impurities, but the liberation is realized only by the grace of Lord Siva.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four_stages">Four stages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Four stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Shaiva Siddhanta texts, there are four progressive stages of <i>Siva bhaki</i> for a path to attain <i><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i>dāsamārga</i>, offering service to devotees of Siva in different ways such as cleaning temple, weaving flower garlands for the image of Siva, praising Lord Siva.</li> <li><i>satputramārga</i>, a true son's way, offering personal devotion by preparing <i>pūjā</i> and performing meditation.</li> <li>sahamārga, offering devotion by practicing yoga.</li> <li><i>sanmārga</i>, the way of truth and reality and the highest way, offering devotion by knowledge of God, experiencing the bliss of liberation and becoming one with God.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tamil_bhakti">Tamil bhakti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tamil bhakti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear:right; float:right; background:#ffffff; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;" class="toccolours" width="220"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#A8BDEC;text-align:center;" colspan="3"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hinduism_symbol.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Om symbol"><img alt="Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/25px-Hinduism_symbol.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/38px-Hinduism_symbol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hinduism_symbol.png/50px-Hinduism_symbol.png 2x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Om symbol</figcaption></figure> <b><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></b> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tamil_Om.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Om symbol in Tamil"><img alt="Om symbol in Tamil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tamil_Om.svg/25px-Tamil_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tamil_Om.svg/38px-Tamil_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Tamil_Om.svg/50px-Tamil_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Om symbol in Tamil</figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">The twelve volumes of <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Śaiva</a> hymns of the sixty-three <a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#A8BDEC"><b>Parts</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#A8BDEC"><b>Name</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;background:#A8BDEC"><b>Author</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">1,2,3</td> <td>Thirukadaikkappu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sambandar" title="Sambandar">Sambandar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">4,5,6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thevaram" title="Thevaram">Thevaram</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirunavukkarasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirunavukkarasar">Thirunavukkarasar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td>Thirupaatu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sundarar" title="Sundarar">Sundarar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiruvasakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvasakam">Thiruvasakam</a> &<br /><a href="/wiki/Thirukkovaiyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkovaiyar">Thirukkovaiyar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manickavasagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Manickavasagar">Manickavasagar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thiruvisaippa" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruvisaippa">Thiruvisaippa</a> &<br />Tiruppallaandu</td> <td>Various </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirumandhiram" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirumandhiram">Thirumandhiram</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirumular" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirumular">Thirumular</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td>Various </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Periya_Puranam" title="Periya Puranam">Periya Puranam</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sekkizhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekkizhar">Sekkizhar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;background:#A8BDEC" colspan="3"><b><a href="/wiki/Paadal_Petra_Sthalam" title="Paadal Petra Sthalam">Paadal Petra Sthalam</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Category:Padal_Petra_Stalam" title="Category:Padal Petra Stalam">Paadal Petra Sthalam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rajaraja_I" title="Rajaraja I">Rajaraja I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Nambiyandar_Nambi" title="Nambiyandar Nambi">Nambiyandar Nambi</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>From the 5th to the 8th century CE Buddhism and Jainism had spread in Tamil Nadu before a forceful Shaiva <a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">bhakti</a> movement arose. Between the 7th and 9th centuries, pilgrim saints such as <a href="/wiki/Sambandar" title="Sambandar">Sambandar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appar" title="Appar">Appar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sundarar" title="Sundarar">Sundarar</a> 63 nayanmars used songs of <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>'s greatness to refute concepts of Buddhism and Jainism. <a href="/wiki/Manikkavacakar" title="Manikkavacakar">Manikkavacakar</a>'s verses, called <i><a href="/wiki/Tiruvacakam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiruvacakam">Tiruvacakam</a></i>, are full of visionary experience, divine love and urgent striving for truth. The songs of these four saints are part of the compendium known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i> which, along with the <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Vedas</a>, Shaiva Agamas, and the Meykanda Shastras, are now considered to form the scriptural basis of the Śaiva Siddhānta in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. It seems probable that the Tirumurai devotional literature was not, however, considered to belong to the Śaiva Siddhānta canon at the time when it was first composed:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the hymns themselves appear to make no such claim for themselves. </p><p>The Bhakti movement should not be exaggerated as an articulation of a 'class struggle'; there is nevertheless a strong sense against rigid structures in the society.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Tamil exclusivist reform Saiva Siddhanta:</b> </p><p>The exclusive Tamil reformist Saiva Siddhanta are people living in a community faced with strong nationalist ideas. In that way their beliefs in a religious way and their beliefs in a political way were mostly intertwined. Maraimalai Adigal and his religious belief in the Saiva Siddhanta, for example, were heavily influenced by the Tamil Nationalism and especially by the party of the Shivaistic Revivalist, which he and his mentor had a part in creating. In Adigals belief system you can see how the Saiva Siddhanta that he relies his core beliefs on is mixed with his and the Revivalists core political to a very an individual tamilic Saiva Siddhanta Tradition. For example, though the Saiva Siddhanta in itself is not anti-Brahmanic Adigal develop it into having that tendency. That way his religious teaching in the Saiva Siddhanta strengthens his pro-Tamil and pro-shivaism attitude. It helps him and the Revivalists to establish their idea of the "pure Tamil", by becoming a religious tradition not reliant on any ties to older traditions by becoming itself the oldest tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denominations">Denominations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Denominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Adi Shaiva Siddhanta:</b> </p><p>In the 12th century, Aghorasiva, the head of a branch monastery of the Amardaka order in <a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a>, took up the task of formulating Shaiva Siddhanta. Strongly refuting monist interpretations of Siddhanta, Aghorasiva brought a change in the understanding of Siva by reclassifying the first five principles, or <a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">tattvas</a> (Nada, Bindu, Sadasiva, Isvara and Suddhavidya), into the category of pasa (bonds), stating they were effects of a cause and inherently unconscious substances, a departure from the traditional teaching in which these five were part of the divine nature of God. </p><p>Aghorasiva was successful in preserving the rituals of the ancient Āgamic tradition. To this day, Aghorasiva's Siddhanta philosophy is followed by almost all of the hereditary temple priests (Sivacharya), and his texts on the Āgamas have become the standard <a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">puja</a> manuals. His <i>Kriyakramadyotika</i> is a vast work covering nearly all aspects of Shaiva Siddhanta ritual, including the daily worship of Siva, occasional rituals, initiation rites, funerary rites, and festivals. This Aghora Paddhati of Shaiva Siddhanta is followed by the ancient <a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">gruhasta</a> Adi Shaiva Maths of <a href="/wiki/Kongu_Nadu" title="Kongu Nadu">Kongu Nadu</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the temple Sthanika Sivacharya priests of south India. </p><p><small><b>Meykandar Sampradaya:</b></small> </p><p>In Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta, the 13th century <a href="/wiki/Meykandar" title="Meykandar">Meykandar</a>, Arulnandi Sivacharya, and Umapati Sivacharya further spread Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta. Meykandar's twelve-verse Śivajñānabodham and subsequent works by other writers, all supposedly of the 13th and 14th centuries, laid the foundation of the Meykandar Sampradaya (lineage), which propounds a pluralistic realism wherein God, souls and world are coexistent and without beginning. Siva is an efficient but not material cause. They view the soul's merging in Siva as salt in water, an eternal oneness that is also twoness. This later Sampradaya is followed by the 18 cardinal non Adi Shaiva <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">sanyasi</a> Adheenam Maths in <a href="/wiki/Chola_Nadu" title="Chola Nadu">Chola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pandya_Nadu" title="Pandya Nadu">Pandya</a>, Nadu and <a href="/wiki/Tondaimandalam" title="Tondaimandalam">Tondai</a> Nadus. </p><p><b>Khmer Shaiva Siddhanta (extinct):</b> </p><p>In the Angkorian <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Empire" title="Khmer Empire">Khmer empire</a>, Shaiva Siddhanta flourished until the royal patronage of Theravada Buddhism and the subsequent fall of the empire's God-king<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siddhantic hierarchy. </p><p><b>Cham Shaiva Siddhanta:</b> </p><p>In Cham society, the Shaiva Siddhanta - <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Tantrayana</a> divide resulted in the divergence of the society into the Shaivites becoming Balamon Hindus and tantrayanists converting into the Bani Cham Muslims. </p><p><b>Nusantaran Siwa Siddhanta:</b> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a> <a href="/wiki/Nusantara_(term)" title="Nusantara (term)">nusantara</a>, Siwa Siddhanta syncretised into the <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Tantrayana</a> Siwa-Buda portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Nagarakretagama" title="Nagarakretagama">Nagarakretagama</a>. It still survives in the <a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu Dharma">Agama Hindu Dharma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IJAMR_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJAMR-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This synthesis is portrayed by the <a href="/wiki/Kakawin_Sutasoma" title="Kakawin Sutasoma">Kakawin Sutasoma</a> derived national motto of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>: '<a href="/wiki/Bhinneka_Tunggal_Ika" title="Bhinneka Tunggal Ika">Bhinneka Tunggal Ika</a>'. </p><p><b>Sinhalese Shaiva Siddhanta (extinct):</b> </p><p>In the Sri Lankan <a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_people" title="Sinhalese people">Sinhalese</a> society, king <a href="/wiki/Rajasinha_I_of_Sitawaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajasinha I of Sitawaka">Rajasinha I of Sitawaka</a> reverted to Saiva Siddhantism<sup id="cite_ref-divaina.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-divaina.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a prolonged domination of <a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada Buddhism</a> following the conversion of king <a href="/wiki/Devanampiya_Tissa_of_Anuradhapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura">Devanampiya Tissa</a>. </p><p>King Rajasinha arranged the marriage of his Tamil minister Mannamperuma Mohottala to a sister of a junior queen known as the "iron daughter" He converted to Shaiva Siddhanta<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was reported to have settled <a href="/wiki/Brahmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmans">Brahmans</a> Adi Shaivas and <a href="/wiki/Vellalar" title="Vellalar">Tamil Shaivite Velalars</a> at significant <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> sites such as <a href="/wiki/Sri_Pada" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Pada">Sri Pada</a>, etc. The <i>Velala Gurukkals</i> acted as religious mentors of the King and strengthened <i>Shaiva Siddhantism</i> at these centres. Under the advice of Mannamperuma Mohottala, he razed many Buddhist religious sites to the ground. Buddhism remained in decline thereafter until the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Siam_Nikaya" title="Siam Nikaya">Siam Nikaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amarapura_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarapura Nikaya">Amarapura Nikaya</a> with the support of the Portuguese and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> respectively. </p><p>Traces of the era exist in temples like <a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" class="extiw" title="ta:பெரண்டி கோயில்">Barandi Kovila</a> (Bhairava-andi kovil) in Sitawaka and the worship of other Shaivite deities by the Sinhalese, like the syncretic Natha deviyo, Sella <a href="/wiki/Kataragama_temple" title="Kataragama temple">kataragama</a> and others. </p><p><b>Tamil exclusivist Saiva Siddhanta:</b> </p><p>This colonial <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">new age</a> movement was initiated by the Tamil purist nationalist Maraimalai Adigal. This school is followed by modern Maths dating from the colonial age likes of the Perur Adheenam (Circa 1895 initiate of the then Arasu <a href="/wiki/Vanniyar" title="Vanniyar">Palli caste</a> headed Mayilam Bommapuram <a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayat</a> Adheenam) of Coimbatore which holds Lingayatism as the 'primeval' form of Shaiva Siddhantism . This modern sampradaya aims to 'rid' Shaiva Siddhantism of the two former earlier traditions which follow the Vedic and Agamic texts and Adi Shaivas thereby 'purifying' Saiva Siddhanta with the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_movement" title="Dravidian movement">Dravidian movement</a> related Tamil Nationalist undertones. </p><p><b>Modern Shaiva Siddhanta:</b> </p><p>Post colonial and contemporary movements like that of <a href="/wiki/Bodhinatha_Veylanswami" title="Bodhinatha Veylanswami">Bodhinatha Veylanswami</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Saiva_Siddhanta_Church" title="Saiva Siddhanta Church">Shaiva Siddhanta Church</a> have stressed upon reforming orthodox Shaiva Siddhanta of the pre-colonial era by initiating the non Shaivite born, both Indians and westerners. This movement also rejects <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice_in_Hinduism" title="Animal sacrifice in Hinduism">animal sacrifices</a> mentioned in the Siddhantic Vedic and Agamic scriptures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saiva_Siddhanta_today">Saiva Siddhanta today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Saiva Siddhanta today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saiva Siddhanta is practiced widely among the Saivas of southern India and Sri Lanka, especially by members of the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Brahmin" title="Tamil Brahmin">Adi Shaivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongu_Vellalar" title="Kongu Vellalar">Kongu Vellalar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vellalar" title="Vellalar">Vellalar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagarathar" title="Nagarathar">Nagarathar</a> communities of <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has over 5 million followers in Tamil Nadu, and is also prevalent among the Tamil diaspora around the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It has thousands of active temples predominantly in Tamil Nadu and also in places around the world with significant Tamil population <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and also has numerous <a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">monastic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">ascetic</a> traditions, along with its own community of priests, the <i>Adishaivas,</i> who are qualified to perform Agama-based Shaiva Temple rituals. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kumaragurupara_Desikar" title="Kumaragurupara Desikar">Kumaragurupara Desikar</a>, a Tamil Saivite poet says that Shaiva Siddhantha is the ripe fruit of the Vedanta tree. <a href="/wiki/G.U._Pope" class="mw-redirect" title="G.U. Pope">G.U. Pope</a>, an Anglican Tamil Scholar, mentions that Shaiva Sidhantha is the best expression of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamil_peoples&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamil peoples (page does not exist)">Tamil</a> knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theology">Theology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texts">Texts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Texts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The texts revered by the southern Saiva Siddhanta are the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>; the twenty-eight <a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Agamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaiva Agamas">Saiva Agamas</a>; Shaiva <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a>; the two <a href="/wiki/Itihasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Itihasa">Itihasas</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which form the ritual basis of the tradition; the twelve books of the Tamil Saiva canon called the Tirumurai, which contains the poetry of the <a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a>; the Aghora Paddhati, a codified form of all the above and additionally the Saiva Siddhanta Shastras for the Meykandar denomination.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_theology">Early theology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siddhas such as Sadyojyoti (c. 7th century<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are credited with the systematization of the Siddhanta theology in Sanskrit. Sadyojyoti, initiated by the guru Ugrajyoti, propounded the Siddhanta philosophical views as found in the <i>Rauravatantra</i> and <i>Svāyambhuvasūtrasaṅgraha.</i> He may or may not have been from Kashmir, but the next thinkers whose works survive were those of a Kashmirian lineage active in the 10th century: Rāmakaṇṭha I, Vidyākaṇṭha I, Śrīkaṇṭha, Nārāyaṇakaṇṭha, Rāmakaṇṭha II, Vidyākaṇṭha II. Treatises by the last four of these survive. King <a href="/wiki/Bhoja" title="Bhoja">Bhoja</a> of Gujarat (c. 1018) condensed the massive body of Siddhanta scriptural texts into one concise metaphysical treatise called the <i>Tattvaprakāśa</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_theology">Later theology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Later theology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The culmination of a long period of systematisation of its <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> appears to have taken place in Kashmir in the 10th century, the exegetical works of the Kashmirian authors Bhatta Narayanakantha and Bhatta Ramakantha being the most sophisticated expressions of this school of thought.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanderson_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanderson-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their works were quoted and emulated in the works of 12th-century South Indian authors, such as Aghorasiva and Trilocanasiva.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodall_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodall-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theology they expound is based on a canon of <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantric</a> scriptures called Siddhantatantras or <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaiva</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%80gama_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Āgama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a>. This canon is traditionally held to contain twenty-eight scriptures, but the lists vary,<sup id="cite_ref-Canon_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several doctrinally significant scriptures, such as the <i>Mrgendra</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mrgendra_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mrgendra-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are not listed. In the systematisation of the ritual of the Shaiva Siddhanta, the Kashmirian thinkers appear to have exercised less influence: the treatise that had the greatest impact on Shaiva ritual, and indeed on ritual outside the Shaiva sectarian domain, for we find traces of it in such works as the Agnipurana, is a ritual manual composed in North India in the late 11th century by a certain Somasambhu.<sup id="cite_ref-Somasambhu_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somasambhu-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monastic_orders">Monastic orders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Monastic orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three monastic orders were instrumental in Shaiva Siddhanta's diffusion through India; the Amardaka order, identified with one of Shaivism's holiest cities, <a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a>, the Mattamayura order, in the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a>, and the Madhumateya order of Central India. Each developed numerous sub-orders. Siddhanta monastics used the influence of royal patrons to propagate the teachings in neighboring kingdoms, particularly in South India. From Mattamayura, they established monasteries in regions now in <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. </p><p>In today's Tamil Nadu, there are both the ancient <a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">grhasta</a> Amardaka lineage Aghora Paddhati Adi Shaiva Maths and the <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">sanyasi</a> non Adi Shaiva Meykandar Sampradaya Adheenams (monastic) today. Adi Shaiva Maths numbering around 40 are usually centred in <a href="/wiki/Kongu_Nadu" title="Kongu Nadu">Kongu Nadu</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the 18 Adheenams in <a href="/wiki/Tondaimandalam" title="Tondaimandalam">Tondai Nadu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chola_Nadu" title="Chola Nadu">Chola Nadu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pandya_Nadu" title="Pandya Nadu">Pandya Nadu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Sinhalese areas of Sri Lanka, the <i>Tamil Velala Gurukkal</i> either returned back or merged with the priestly <i>Kapurala</i> caste but retaining their Tamil surnames with a few persisting in places like the Sella<a href="/wiki/Kataragama_temple" title="Kataragama temple">Kataragama temple</a>. In Indonesia, Siwa Siddhanta syncretised with Tantrayana survives as <a href="/wiki/Agama_Hindu_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama Hindu Dharma">Agama Hindu Dharma</a>. In Indo-China, Shaiva Siddhanta survives as an uninstitutionalised worship of Shiva as an ancestral God of gods: <a href="/wiki/Ramakien" title="Ramakien">Phra Isuan</a> (Tamil: Isuwaran), while in Vietnamese <a href="/wiki/Chams" title="Chams">Cham</a>, it flourishes within the Balamon section.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding:0.2em;background:#FFC569;margin-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/90px-1_Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/135px-1_Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/1_Om.svg/180px-1_Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above hlist" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">Origins</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"><b>Historical</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism" title="History of Hinduism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion of the Indus Valley Civilization">Indus Valley Civilisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedic Hinduism">Vedic Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arama%E1%B9%87a" title="Śramaṇa">Śramaṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_religions_in_India" title="Tribal religions in India">Tribal religions in India</a></li></ul> <p><b>Traditional</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasa-Purana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_royal_genealogies" title="Epic-Puranic royal genealogies">Epic-Puranic royal genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic-Puranic_chronology" title="Epic-Puranic chronology">Epic-Puranic chronology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sampradaya" title="Sampradaya">Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Major Sampradaya (Traditions)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancharatra" title="Pancharatra">Pancharatra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyabhijna" title="Pratyabhijna">Pratyabhijña</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Other Sampradaya (Traditions)</a></i></div></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Absolute Reality / Unifying Force</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other major <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devis</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Vedic Deities:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tridasha">Tridasha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adityas" title="Adityas">Adityas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudras" title="Rudras">Rudras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasus">Vasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rigvedic_deities" title="Rigvedic deities">Other Vedic Deities</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Post-Vedic:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avatar" title="Avatar">Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashavatara" title="Dashavatara">Dashavatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navadurga" title="Navadurga">Navadurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Concepts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Worldview</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_cosmology" title="Hindu cosmology">Cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ontology</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattva" title="Tattva">Tattvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanmatras" title="Tanmatras">Subtle elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchikarana" title="Panchikarana">Panchikarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta" title="Pancha Bhuta">Gross elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gu%E1%B9%87a" title="Guṇa">Guṇas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prak%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Prakṛti">Prakṛti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Para_Brahman" title="Para Brahman">Supreme reality</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirguna_brahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirguna brahman">Nirguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saguna_brahman" title="Saguna brahman">Saguna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saccid%C4%81nanda" title="Saccidānanda">Saccidānanda</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">God</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Devas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Hinduism" title="God in Hinduism">God in Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_gender_in_Hinduism" title="God and gender in Hinduism">God and gender</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārtha (Meaning of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C4%80%C5%9Brama_(stage)" title="Āśrama (stage)">Āśrama (Stages of life)</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%E1%B9%9Bhastha" title="Gṛhastha">Gṛhastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81naprastha" title="Vānaprastha">Vānaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three paths to liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Liberation</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Mokṣa-related topics:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paramatman" title="Paramatman">Paramātman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Mind</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Ātman (self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81tman_(Hinduism)" title="Anātman (Hinduism)">Anātman (non-self)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_bodies_doctrine" title="Three bodies doctrine">Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahkarana" title="Antahkarana">Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praj%C3%B1%C4%81_(Hinduism)" title="Prajñā (Hinduism)">Prajña (wisdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80nanda_(Hindu_philosophy)" title="Ānanda (Hindu philosophy)">Ānanda (happiness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viveka" title="Viveka">Viveka (discernment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vairagya" title="Vairagya">Vairagya (dispassion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samatva" title="Samatva">Sama (equanimity)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Dama (temperance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uparati" title="Uparati">Uparati (self-settledness)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titiksha" title="Titiksha">Titiksha (forbearance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_in_Hinduism" title="Faith in Hinduism">Shraddha (faith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samadhana (concentration)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arishadvargas" title="Arishadvargas">Arishadvargas (six enemies)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamkara" title="Ahamkara">Ahamkara (attachment)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Ethics</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti śastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Achourya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-possession" title="Non-possession">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacharya" title="Brahmacharya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjava" title="Arjava">Arjava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosha" title="Santosha">Santosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaucha" title="Shaucha">Shaucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitahara" title="Mitahara">Mitahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources of dharma</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Pramana" title="Pramana">Epistemology</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pratyaksha" title="Pratyaksha">Pratyakṣa (perception)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anumāṇa" title="Pramana">Anumāṇa (inference)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upam%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Upamāṇa">Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Arthāpatti" title="Pramana">Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramana#Anupalabdi" title="Pramana">Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabda" title="Shabda">Śabda (word, testimony)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a>, sacrifice, and charity</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arti_(Hinduism)" title="Arti (Hinduism)">Ārtī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_in_Hinduism" title="Prayer in Hinduism">Prarthana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kīrtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpana" title="Tarpana">Tarpana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrata" title="Vrata">Vrata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C4%81ya%C5%9Bcitta" title="Prāyaścitta">Prāyaścitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtha_(Hinduism)" title="Tirtha (Hinduism)">Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatra" title="Yatra">Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthadana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matha" title="Matha">Matha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Nritta-Nritya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sev%C4%81" title="Sevā">Sevā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Meditation</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam%C4%81dh%C4%81na" title="Samādhāna">Samādhāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nididhy%C4%81sana" title="Nididhyāsana">Nididhyāsana</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sadhu" title="Sadhu">Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini_yoga" title="Kundalini yoga">Kundalini yoga</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_art" title="Hindu art">Arts</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipuri_dance" title="Manipuri dance">Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohiniyattam" title="Mohiniyattam">Mohiniyattam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattriya" title="Sattriya">Sattriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Mela" title="Bhagavata Mela">Bhagavata Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandiya_Raas" title="Dandiya Raas">Dandiya Raas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandav_Lila" title="Pandav Lila">Pandav Lila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaripayattu" title="Kalaripayattu">Kalaripayattu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silambam" title="Silambam">Silambam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adimurai" title="Adimurai">Adimurai</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Samskara_(rite_of_passage)" title="Samskara (rite of passage)">Rites of passage</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Pumsavana Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simantonnayana" title="Simantonnayana">Simantonnayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Nāmakaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyāraṃbhaṃ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_wedding" title="Hindu wedding">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyesti</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami-Dussehra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophical schools</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Astika" class="mw-redirect" title="Astika">Six Astika schools</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Achintya_Bheda_Abheda" title="Achintya Bheda Abheda">Achintya Bheda Abheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shuddhadvaita" title="Shuddhadvaita">Shuddhadvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svabhavika_Bhedabheda" title="Svabhavika Bhedabheda">Svabhavika Bhedabheda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Akshar_Purushottam_Darshan" title="Akshar Purushottam Darshan">Akshar Purushottam Darshan</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Other schools</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80j%C4%ABvika" title="Ājīvika">Ājīvika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Gurus, Rishi, Philosophers</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient India">Ancient</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saptarshi" title="Saptarshi">Saptarshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vashistha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vashistha">Vashistha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashyapa" title="Kashyapa">Kashyapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atri" title="Atri">Atri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamadagni" title="Jamadagni">Jamadagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Sutras" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Sutras">Gotama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvamitra" title="Vishvamitra">Vishvamitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharadwaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaja">Bharadwaja</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agastya" title="Agastya">Agastya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiras" title="Angiras">Angiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aruni">Aruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtavakra" title="Ashtavakra">Ashtavakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaimini" title="Jaimini">Jaimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanada_(philosopher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanada (philosopher)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila" title="Kapila">Kapila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patanjali" title="Patanjali">Patanjali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini" title="Pāṇini">Pāṇini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashastapada" title="Prashastapada">Prashastapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raikva" title="Raikva">Raikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyakama_Jabala" class="mw-redirect" title="Satyakama Jabala">Satyakama Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmiki" title="Valmiki">Valmiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasa" title="Vyasa">Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya" title="Yajnavalkya">Yajnavalkya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_India" title="Medieval India">Medieval</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adi_Shankara" title="Adi Shankara">Adi Shankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvars" title="Alvars">Alvars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Chaitanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Kathiababa" title="Ramdas Kathiababa">Ramdas Kathiababa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakradhar_Swami" title="Chakradhar Swami">Chakradhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdev" class="mw-redirect" title="Changdev">Chāngadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadu_Dayal" title="Dadu Dayal">Dadu Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath" title="Eknath">Eknath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangesha_Upadhyaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangesha Upadhyaya">Gangesha Upadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudapada" title="Gaudapada">Gaudapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshanath" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakshanath">Gorakshanatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa_Thakur" title="Haridasa Thakur">Haridasa Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hith_Harivansh_Mahaprabhu" title="Hith Harivansh Mahaprabhu">Harivansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Bhatta" title="Jayanta Bhatta">Jayanta Bhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayatirtha" title="Jayatirtha">Jayatīrtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiva_Goswami" title="Jiva Goswami">Jiva Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B1%C4%81ne%C5%9Bvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jñāneśvar">Jñāneśvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabir" title="Kabir">Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81rila_Bha%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%ADa" title="Kumārila Bhaṭṭa">Kumārila Bhaṭṭa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhus%C5%ABdana_Sarasvat%C4%AB" title="Madhusūdana Sarasvatī">Madhusūdana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhvacharya" title="Madhvacharya">Madhva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendranath" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsyendranath">Matsyendranatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morya_Gosavi" title="Morya Gosavi">Morya Gosavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukundraj" title="Mukundraj">Mukundarāja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namdev" title="Namdev">Namadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narahari_Tirtha" title="Narahari Tirtha">Narahari Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasimha_Saraswati" title="Narasimha Saraswati">Narasimha Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayanars" title="Nayanars">Nayanars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarkacharya" title="Nimbarkacharya">Nimbarkacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinivasacharya" title="Srinivasacharya">Srinivasacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabh%C4%81kara" title="Prabhākara">Prabhākara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavendra_Swami" class="mw-redirect" title="Raghavendra Swami">Raghavendra Swami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunatha_Siromani" title="Raghunatha Siromani">Raghunatha Siromani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghuttama_Tirtha" title="Raghuttama Tirtha">Raghuttama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Charan_(guru)" title="Ram Charan (guru)">Ram Charan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramananda" title="Ramananda">Ramananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanuja" title="Ramanuja">Ramanuja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramprasad_Sen" title="Ramprasad Sen">Ramprasad Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidas" title="Ravidas">Ravidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Goswami" title="Rupa Goswami">Rupa Goswami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarth_Ramdas" title="Samarth Ramdas">Samarth Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankardev" title="Sankardev">Sankardev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyanatha_Tirtha" title="Satyanatha Tirtha">Satyanatha Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripada_Srivallabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sripada Srivallabha">Sripada Srivallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sripadaraja" title="Sripadaraja">Sripadaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surdas" title="Surdas">Surdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan" title="Swaminarayan">Swaminarayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syama_Sastri" title="Syama Sastri">Śyāma Śastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukaram" title="Tukaram">Tukaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsidas" title="Tulsidas">Tulsidas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyagaraja" title="Tyagaraja">Tyagaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C4%81caspati_Mi%C5%9Bra" class="mw-redirect" title="Vācaspati Miśra">Vācaspati Miśra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadiraja_Tirtha" title="Vadiraja Tirtha">Vadiraja Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallabha" title="Vallabha">Vallabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Desika" title="Vedanta Desika">Vedanta Desika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranya" title="Vidyaranya">Vidyaranya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyasaraja" class="mw-redirect" title="Vyasaraja">Vyasaraja</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed">Modern</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Aurobindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktisiddhanta_Sarasvati" title="Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati">Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhaktivinoda_Thakur" title="Bhaktivinoda Thakur">Bhaktivinoda Thakur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekarendra_Saraswati" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekarendra Saraswati">Chandrashekarendra Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinmayananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinmayananda">Chinmayananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Saraswati" title="Dayananda Saraswati">Dayananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnananda_Saraswati" title="Krishnananda Saraswati">Krishnananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavatar_Babaji" title="Mahavatar Babaji">Mahavatar Babaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Mahesh_Yogi" title="Maharishi Mahesh Yogi">Mahesh Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Guru" title="Narayana Guru">Narayana Guru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigamananda_Paramahansa" title="Nigamananda Paramahansa">Nigamananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisargadatta_Maharaj" title="Nisargadatta Maharaj">Nisargadatta Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Dattatrya_Ranade" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade">R. D. Ranade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrishna" title="Ramakrishna">Ramakrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Rama_Tirtha" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramana_Maharshi" title="Ramana Maharshi">Ramana Maharshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Ramdas" title="Swami Ramdas">Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Samarth" title="Swami Samarth">Samarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathya_Sai_Baba" title="Sathya Sai Baba">Sathya Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Shirdi Sai Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Shraddhanand" title="Swami Shraddhanand">Shraddhanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyadhyana_Tirtha" title="Satyadhyana Tirtha">Satyadhyana Tirtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharameshwar_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Siddharameshwar Maharaj">Siddharameshwar Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" title="Sivananda Saraswati">Sivananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trailanga" title="Trailanga">Trailanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._G._Krishnamurti" title="U. G. Krishnamurti">U. G. Krishnamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upasni_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Upasni Maharaj">Upasni Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vethathiri_Maharishi" title="Vethathiri Maharishi">Vethathiri Maharishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Vivekananda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:1px solid #FFC569;background:#FFC569;padding-top:0.1em;padding-left:3em; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:#FDE7B9; border:2px solid #FDE7B9"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/%C5%9A%C4%81stra_pram%C4%81%E1%B9%87am_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Śāstra pramāṇam in Hinduism">Sources and classification of scripture</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80c%C4%81ra" title="Ācāra">Ācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmatusti" title="Atmatusti">Ātmatuṣṭi</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hindu_texts" title="Timeline of Hindu texts">Timeline of Hindu texts</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Divisions</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhitapatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samhitapatha">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></dt></dl> <dl><dd><i>Rigveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Yajurveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitri</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Samaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dd><i>Atharvaveda:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Vedangas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vedangas">Vedangas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_metre" title="Vedic metre">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_scriptures" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hindu scriptures">Other scriptures</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)"><i>Agama</i>s (Hinduism)</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ffd6ad; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Purana" title="Vishnu Purana">Vishnu Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Devi_Bhagavata_Purana" title="Devi Bhagavata Purana">Devi Bhagavata Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naradiya_Purana" title="Naradiya Purana">Naradiya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vamana_Purana" title="Vamana Purana">Vāmana Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matsya_Purana" title="Matsya Purana">Matsya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Purana" title="Garuda Purana">Garuda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Purana" title="Brahma Purana">Brahma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahmanda_Purana" title="Brahmanda Purana">Brahmanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Vaivarta_Purana" title="Brahma Vaivarta Purana">Brahma Vaivarta Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhavishya_Purana" title="Bhavishya Purana">Bhavishya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Padma_Purana" title="Padma Purana">Padma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linga_Purana" title="Linga Purana">Linga Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurma_Purana" title="Kurma Purana">Kūrma Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Purana" title="Skanda Purana">Skanda Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Purana" title="Varaha Purana">Varaha Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; 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George Menachery, Vol.III, 2010, pp.10 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Xavier Irudayaraj, "Self Understanding of Saiva Siddanta Scriptures" in the St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India, Ed. George Menachery, Vol.III, 2010, pp.14 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IJAMR-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IJAMR_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IJAMR_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IJAMR_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSuastikaPuspawat2023" class="citation journal cs1">Suastika, I Made; Puspawat, Luh Putu (November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ijeais.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/IJAMR231143.pdf">"The Actualization Of Bairawa –Tantric Values In Indonesia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR)</i>. <b>7</b> (11). <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green, Kentucky</a>: 269–276. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2643-9670">2643-9670</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1102647543">1102647543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Academic+Multidisciplinary+Research+%28IJAMR%29&rft.atitle=The+Actualization+Of+Bairawa+%E2%80%93Tantric+Values+In+Indonesia&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=269-276&rft.date=2023-11&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1102647543&rft.issn=2643-9670&rft.aulast=Suastika&rft.aufirst=I+Made&rft.au=Puspawat%2C+Luh+Putu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fijeais.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F11%2FIJAMR231143.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shaiva-siddhanta">"Shaiva-siddhanta | Hindu philosophy"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318092809/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shaiva-siddhanta">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Shaiva-siddhanta+%7C+Hindu+philosophy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FShaiva-siddhanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, Gavin. D. 2006. The Tantric Body. P.120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-divaina.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-divaina.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-divaina.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170120202643/http://www.divaina.com/2010/01/20/feature02.html">"ගණින්නාන්සේලා කියවිය යුතු සංඝරජ වැලවිට සරණංකර චරිතය"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.divaina.com/2010/01/20/feature02.html">the original</a> on 20 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F+%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA+%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94+%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2+%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7+%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB+%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.divaina.com%2F2010%2F01%2F20%2Ffeature02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingaravelu1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/S._Singaravelu" title="S. Singaravelu">Singaravelu, S</a> (March 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/1982/03/JSS_070_0g_Singaravelu_RamaStoryInThaiCulturalTradition.pdf">"The Rama Story in the Thai Cultural Tradition"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Siam_Society" title="Journal of the Siam Society">Journal of the Siam Society</a></i>. <b>70</b>. <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bankok, Thailand</a>: <a href="/wiki/Siam_Society" title="Siam Society">Siam Society</a>: 50–70. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2651-1851">2651-1851</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/969730045">969730045</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240418195146/https://thesiamsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/1982/03/JSS_070_0g_Singaravelu_RamaStoryInThaiCulturalTradition.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Siam+Society&rft.atitle=The+Rama+Story+in+the+Thai+Cultural+Tradition&rft.volume=70&rft.pages=50-70&rft.date=1982-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F969730045&rft.issn=2651-1851&rft.aulast=Singaravelu&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthesiamsociety.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F1982%2F03%2FJSS_070_0g_Singaravelu_RamaStoryInThaiCulturalTradition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDokras2022" class="citation journal cs1">Dokras, Dr Uday (1 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/88350009">"Shaivite landscapes of "India" and South East Asian Countries and the conflict between the followers of Shiva and Vishnu"</a>. <i>INAC</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=INAC&rft.atitle=Shaivite+landscapes+of+%22India%22+and+South+East+Asian+Countries+and+the+conflict+between+the+followers+of+Shiva+and+Vishnu&rft.date=2022-01-01&rft.aulast=Dokras&rft.aufirst=Dr+Uday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F88350009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexis_Sanderson2009" class="citation book cs1">Alexis Sanderson (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-saiva-age-sanderson-2009/page/144/mode/1up?view=theater"><i>The Śaiva Age— The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism During the Early Medieval Period</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%C5%9Aaiva+Age%E2%80%94+The+Rise+and+Dominance+of+%C5%9Aaivism+During+the+Early+Medieval+Period&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Alexis+Sanderson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-saiva-age-sanderson-2009%2Fpage%2F144%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fview%3Dtheater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sanderson, Alexis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3617">"The Śaiva Religion among the Khmers (Part I)"</a>. <i>Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient</i>. <b>90</b>: 349–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbefeo.2003.3617">10.3406/befeo.2003.3617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+l%27%C3%89cole+Fran%C3%A7aise+d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient&rft.atitle=The+%C5%9Aaiva+Religion+among+the+Khmers+%28Part+I%29&rft.volume=90&rft.pages=349-462&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbefeo.2003.3617&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fbefeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schomerus-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schomerus_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchomerus2000" class="citation book cs1">Schomerus, Hilko Wiardo (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uUL8r9cOMXcC"><i>Śaiva Siddhānta: An Indian School of Mystical Thought : Presented as a System and Documented from the Original Tamil Sources</i></a> (Reprint ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. pp. 5–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1569-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1569-8"><bdi>978-81-208-1569-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%9Aaiva+Siddh%C4%81nta%3A+An+Indian+School+of+Mystical+Thought+%3A+Presented+as+a+System+and+Documented+from+the+Original+Tamil+Sources&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=5-7&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1569-8&rft.aulast=Schomerus&rft.aufirst=Hilko+Wiardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuUL8r9cOMXcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, Gavin. D. 2006. The Tantric Body. P.34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flood,_Gavin_1996._P.168_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, Gavin. D. 1996. An Introduction to Hinduism. P.168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arulsamy-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arulsamy_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Arulsamy, <i>Saivism - A Perspective of Grace</i>, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi, 1987, pp.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Sanderson" title="Alexis Sanderson">Alexis Sanderson</a>'s <i>The Lākulas: New evidence of a system intermediate between Pāñcārthika Pāśupatism and Āgamic Śaivism.</i> Ramalinga Reddy Memorial Lectures, 1997. In: <i>The Indian Philosophical Annual</i> 24 (2006), pp.143-217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood1996" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Gavin D. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50516193"><i>An introduction to Hinduism</i></a>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43304-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43304-5"><bdi>0-521-43304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50516193">50516193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+Hinduism&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50516193&rft.isbn=0-521-43304-5&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Gavin+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F50516193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlostermaier,_Klaus_K.2007" class="citation book cs1">Klostermaier, Klaus K. (5 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/70251175"><i>A survey of Hinduism</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7081-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7081-7"><bdi>978-0-7914-7081-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70251175">70251175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+survey+of+Hinduism&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2007-07-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70251175&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-7081-7&rft.au=Klostermaier%2C+Klaus+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F70251175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominic Goodall, <i>The Parākhyatantra. A Scripture of the Śaiva Siddhānta</i>, Pondicherry, <a href="/wiki/French_Institute_of_Pondicherry" title="French Institute of Pondicherry">French Institute of Pondicherry</a> and Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, 2004, pp.xxix-xxxiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, Gavin. D. 1996. An Introduction to Hinduism. P. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vaitheespara, Ravi. 2010. Forging the Tamil caste: Maraimalai Adigal (1876-1950) and the discourse of caste and ritual in colonial Tamilnadu.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tamilartsacademy.com/journals/volume5/articles/article7.xml">"Saivacharyas honoured"</a>. <i>www.tamilartsacademy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tamilartsacademy.com&rft.atitle=Saivacharyas+honoured&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tamilartsacademy.com%2Fjournals%2Fvolume5%2Farticles%2Farticle7.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson2003" class="citation journal cs1">Sanderson, Alexis (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3617">"The Śaiva Religion among the Khmers (Part I)"</a>. <i>Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient</i>. <b>90</b>: 349–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fbefeo.2003.3617">10.3406/befeo.2003.3617</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+l%27%C3%89cole+Fran%C3%A7aise+d%27Extr%C3%AAme-Orient&rft.atitle=The+%C5%9Aaiva+Religion+among+the+Khmers+%28Part+I%29&rft.volume=90&rft.pages=349-462&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fbefeo.2003.3617&rft.aulast=Sanderson&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fbefeo_0336-1519_2003_num_90_1_3617&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=25778">Mayadunne and Rajasinha I</a> The Island - May 20, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.konguassociation.com/en/epages/religion.html">"Kongu Vellalar Sangangal Association"</a>. <i>www.konguassociation.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803064714/http://www.konguassociation.com/en/epages/religion.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.konguassociation.com&rft.atitle=Kongu+Vellalar+Sangangal+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.konguassociation.com%2Fen%2Fepages%2Freligion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shaivam.org/scripture/English-Articles/1371/the-saiva-siddhanta">"The Shaiva Siddhanta"</a>. <i>shaivam.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210419070722/https://shaivam.org/scripture/English-Articles/1371/the-saiva-siddhanta">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shaivam.org&rft.atitle=The+Shaiva+Siddhanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshaivam.org%2Fscripture%2FEnglish-Articles%2F1371%2Fthe-saiva-siddhanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shaivam.org/scripture/English-Articles/1379/vaidika-saiva-siddhanta#gsc.tab=0">"Vaidhika Shaiva Siddhanta"</a>. <i>shaivam.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=shaivam.org&rft.atitle=Vaidhika+Shaiva+Siddhanta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshaivam.org%2Fscripture%2FEnglish-Articles%2F1379%2Fvaidika-saiva-siddhanta%23gsc.tab%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Flood, Gavin. D. 1996. An Introduction to Hinduism. P. 169</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Alexis Sanderson, "The Date of Sadyojyotis and Brhaspati." In <i>Cracow Indological Studies</i> 8 (2006), pp.39–91. (Actual publication date 2007.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanderson-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sanderson_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexis Sanderson, "The Saiva Exegesis of Kashmir", pp.242-248, in <i>Tantric Studies in Memory of Hélène Brunner</i>, edited by Dominic Goodall and André Padoux, Pondicherry, French Institute of Pondicherry and Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodall-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goodall_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominic Goodall, <i>Problems of Name and Lineage: Relationships between South Indian Authors of the Shaiva Siddhanta</i>, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Series 3, 10.2 (2000).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canon-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canon_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Extant lists are presented by Dominic Goodall in Appendix III of <i>Bhatta Ramakantha's Commentary on the Kiranatantra</i>, Pondicherry, French Institute of Pondicherry and Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient, 1998, pp.402-417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mrgendra-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mrgendra_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is one of the few demonstrably pre-10th-century scriptures of the Shaiva Siddhanta to have been completely translated into a European language: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Hulin" title="Michel Hulin">Michel Hulin</a>, <i>Mrgendragama. Sections de la doctrine et du yoga</i>, Pondicherry, French Institute of Pondicherry, 1980, and Hélène Brunner-Lachaux, <i>Mrgendragama. Section des rites et sections du comportement</i>, Pondicherry, French Institute of Pondicherry, 1985.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Somasambhu-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Somasambhu_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This manual, called the Kriyakandakramavali or Somasambhupaddhati, has been edited, translated and richly annotated by Hélène Brunner and published in 4 volumes from the French Institute of Pondicherry in 1963, 1968, 1977 and 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://sengol1947ignca.in/new-parliament-drupal/web/sites/default/files/2023-05/PG3-PDF-EN-REVISED%20%20ADHEENAM%20ENGLISH%20BROCHURE.pdf">https://sengol1947ignca.in/new-parliament-drupal/web/sites/default/files/2023-05/PG3-PDF-EN-REVISED%20%20ADHEENAM%20ENGLISH%20BROCHURE.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/takeaway/leaps-of-faith/article9707109.ece">"Leaps of faith"</a>. <i>BusinessLine</i>. 19 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BusinessLine&rft.atitle=Leaps+of+faith&rft.date=2017-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fblink%2Ftakeaway%2Fleaps-of-faith%2Farticle9707109.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2005" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Gavin (2005). <i>The Tantric Body: The Secret Tradition of Hindu Religion</i>. I. B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1845110110" title="Special:BookSources/1845110110"><bdi>1845110110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tantric+Body%3A+The+Secret+Tradition+of+Hindu+Religion&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1845110110&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShaiva+Siddhanta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaiva_Siddhanta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/a-history-of-indian-philosophy-volume-5/index.html">Southern Schools of Śaivism, by Surendranath Dasgupta</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saivism.net/sects/siddha/siddhasaivism.asp">Siddha Saivism - Philosophy and Practices</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studiesinsaiva00pilluoft">Studies in Saiva-siddhanta, J.M. Nallaswami Pillai, 1911</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130415180658/http://www.saivaworld.org/pageview.cgi?iD=903&cat=9">K. Ganesalingam, <i>Notes on Saiva Siddhanta Philosophy</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399318/obo-9780195399318-0084.xml">Oxford Bibliographies, <i>Saiva Siddhanta</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saivism.net/history/sankarasivaism.asp">ŚANKARA - SIVAISM IN SOUTHERN INDIA - KASHMIR - LINGÂYATS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahapedia.org/%C5%9Baiva-siddh%C4%81nta-dialogue-dominic-goodall-and-t-ganesan#lg=1&slide=0">Excellent discussion on latest research with 2 leading scholors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangam" title="Jangam">Jangam Lingayat</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja" title="Nataraja">Nataraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadyojata" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadyojata">Sadyojata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatpurusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatpurusha">Tatpurusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vamadeva" title="Vamadeva">Vamadeva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardhanarishvara" title="Ardhanarishvara">Ardhanarishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devasena" title="Devasena">Devasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valli" title="Valli">Valli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nandi (mythology)">Nandi</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg/100px-India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg/150px-India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg/200px-India_statue_of_nataraja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara Upanishad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shivarahasya_Purana" title="Shivarahasya Purana">Shivarahasya Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Purana" title="Shiva Purana">Shiva Purana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Sutras_of_Vasugupta" title="Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta">Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a>/<a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Om_Namah_Shivaya" title="Om Namah Shivaya">Om Namah Shivaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudrashtakam" title="Rudrashtakam">Rudrashtakam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mah%C4%81mrityunjaya_Mantra" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahāmrityunjaya Mantra">Mahāmrityunjaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Tandava_Stotra" title="Shiva Tandava Stotra">Shiva Tandava</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Sahasranama" title="Shiva Sahasranama">Sahasranama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Chalisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Chalisa">Chalisa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shri_Rudram" title="Shri Rudram">Shri Rudram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Mahimna_Stotra" title="Shiva Mahimna Stotra">Shiva Mahimna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hara_Hara_Mahadeva" title="Hara Hara Mahadeva">Hara Hara Mahadeva</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupata_Shaivism" title="Pashupata Shaivism">Pashupata Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aghori" title="Aghori">Aghori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaula_(Hinduism)" title="Kaula (Hinduism)">Kaula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Trika Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Veera Shaivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_Siddhanta" title="Siddha Siddhanta">Siddha Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Advaita" title="Shiva Advaita">Shiva Advaita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Shaiva Smartas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Festivals and observances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanwar_Yatra" title="Kanwar Yatra">Kanwar Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Maha Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradosha" title="Pradosha">Pradosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Puja" title="Shiva Puja">Shiva Puja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shiva_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiva temple">Shiva temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kedar" title="Panch Kedar">Panch Kedar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungnath" title="Tungnath">Tungnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudranath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaheshwar" title="Madhyamaheshwar">Madhyamaheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpeshwar" title="Kalpeshwar">Kalpeshwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Sabhai" title="Pancha Sabhai">Pancha Sabhai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vadaranyeswarar_Temple" title="Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple">Rathinam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Pon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple" title="Meenakshi Temple">Velli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellaiappar_Temple" title="Nellaiappar Temple">Thamiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukutralam" title="Thirukutralam">Chitiram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhuta_Sthalam" title="Pancha Bhuta Sthalam">Pancha Bhuta Sthalam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Chidambaram (Ether)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasteeswara_temple" title="Srikalahasteeswara temple">Tirukalahasti (Air)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachalesvara_Temple" title="Arunachalesvara Temple">Tiruvannamalai (Fire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Tiruvanaikaval (Water)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Kanchipuram (Earth)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jyotirlinga" title="Jyotirlinga">Jyotirlingas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimashankar_Temple" title="Bhimashankar Temple">Bhimashankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grishneshwar_Temple" title="Grishneshwar Temple">Grishneshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjuna_Jyotirlinga" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga">Mallikarjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Jyotirlinga" title="Nageshvara Jyotirlinga">Nageshvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar_Temple" title="Omkareshwar Temple">Omkareshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Shiva_Temple" title="Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple">Trimbakeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaidyanath_Jyotirlinga" title="Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga">Vaidyanath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Temple" title="Kashi Vishwanath Temple">Vishwanath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Thanjavur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur">Brihadeeswarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Manasarovar" title="Lake Manasarovar">Kailash Mansarovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple" title="Meenakshi Temple">Meenakshi Sundareshwarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardhanareeswarar_temple,_Tiruchengode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardhanareeswarar temple, Tiruchengode">Tiruchengode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkunnathan_Temple" title="Vadakkunnathan Temple">Vadakkum Nathan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingam" title="Lingam">Lingam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rasalingam" title="Rasalingam">Rasalingam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha" title="Siddha">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhuti" title="Vibhuti">Vibhuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Sahasranama" title="Shiva Sahasranama">Other names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><a href="/wiki/Category:Shaivism" title="Category:Shaivism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_deities_and_texts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Template talk:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_deities_and_texts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu deities and texts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_deities_and_texts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Hindu deities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">texts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashvins" title="Ashvins">Ashvins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra" title="Chandra">Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamadeva" title="Kamadeva">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubera" title="Kubera">Kubera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_(deity)" title="Shasta (deity)">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishvakarma" title="Vishvakarma">Vishvakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama" title="Yama">Yama</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hindu Om symbol"><img alt="Hindu Om symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/50px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/75px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/100px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditi" title="Aditi">Aditi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhaya" title="Chhaya">Chhaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_(goddess)" title="Ganga (goddess)">Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indrani" title="Indrani">Shachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi" title="Mahadevi">Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matangi" title="Matangi">Matangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrikas" title="Matrikas">Matrikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rati" title="Rati">Rati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(goddess)" title="Rohini (goddess)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjna" title="Sanjna">Sanjna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apsara" title="Apsara">Apsaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asura" title="Asura">Asuras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daitya" title="Daitya">Daitya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)" title="Danava (Hinduism)">Danava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devata" title="Devata">Devata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_directions" title="Guardians of the directions">Dikpāla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandharva" title="Gandharva">Gandharvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gana" title="Gana">Gana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuladevata" title="Kuladevata">Kuladevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramadevata" title="Gramadevata">Gramadevatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakshasa" title="Rakshasa">Rakshasas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vahana" title="Vahana">Vahanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaksha" title="Yaksha">Yakshas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yakshini" title="Yakshini">Yakshini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Texts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Sama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_texts" title="Category:Hindu texts">more</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu 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