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(webdecentralisatieproject) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Solid (webdecentralisatieproject)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B)" title="Solid (проект децентрализованной всемирной паутины) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Solid (проект децентрализованной всемирной паутины)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Open-source platform aimed at applying peer-to-peer to data privacy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Solid_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Solid (disambiguation)">Solid (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Solid</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A purple hexagon with a stylized letter S in the center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg/220px-MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg/330px-MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg/440px-MIT%27s_Solid_project_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The <a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a> Solid Community Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">10 August 2016<span class="noprint">; 8 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2016-08-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/solid">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/solid</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MIT_license" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT license">MIT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidproject.org/">solidproject<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Solid</b> (abbreviation from <i>Social Linked Data</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-dt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_web" title="Decentralized web">web decentralization</a> project led by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a>, the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, originally developed collaboratively at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT). The project "aims to radically change the way Web applications work today, resulting in true data ownership as well as improved privacy"<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by developing a platform for <a href="/wiki/Linked_data" title="Linked data">linked-data</a> applications that are completely decentralized and fully under users' control rather than controlled by other entities. The ultimate goal of Solid is to allow users to have full control of their own data, including access control and storage location. To that end, Tim Berners-Lee formed a company called Inrupt to help build a commercial ecosystem to fuel Solid. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid_(web_decentralization_project)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two decades after Berners-Lee invented the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> in 1989, he outlined the design issues of what later became the Solid project in drafts he wrote for the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berners-Lee became increasingly dismayed at seeing his invention being abused, such as when <a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian hackers interfered with the 2016 US elections</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a> became public, when Facebook in 2012 conducted psychological experiments on nearly 700,000 users in secret, and when Google and Amazon applied for patents on devices that listen for emotional changes in human voices.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berners-Lee felt that the Internet was in need of repair and conceived the Solid project as a first step to fix it, as a way to give individual users full control over the usage of their data.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Solid project is available to anyone to join and contribute, although Berners-Lee advises that people without coding skills should instead advocate publicly for changing the Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, MIT received a gift from <a href="/wiki/Mastercard" title="Mastercard">Mastercard</a> to support the development of Solid. Berners-Lee's research team collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Computing_Research_Institute" title="Qatar Computing Research Institute">Qatar Computing Research Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford University</a> on Solid.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Berners-Lee took a sabbatical from MIT to launch a commercial venture based on Solid, named Inrupt.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-irupt-website_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irupt-website-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's mission is "to provide commercial energy and an ecosystem to help protect the integrity and quality of the new web built on Solid."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, a process of open standardization through the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">World Wide Web Consortium</a> started for the Solid specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2021, Inrupt raised $30 million from <a href="/wiki/Series_A_round" title="Series A round">Series A investments</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Institute" title="Open Data Institute">Open Data Institute</a> took Stewardship of the Solid Project.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid_(web_decentralization_project)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of technical challenges to be surmounted to accomplish decentralizing the web, according to Berners-Lee's vision.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than using a centralized <a href="/wiki/Spoke%E2%80%93hub_distribution_paradigm" title="Spoke–hub distribution paradigm">spoke–hub distribution paradigm</a>, decentralized <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer-to-peer networking">peer-to-peer networking</a> is implemented in a manner that adds more control and performance features than traditional peer-to-peer networks such as <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a>. Other goals are for the system to be easy to use, fast, and allow for simple creation of applications by developers.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonard_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leonard-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solid's central focus is to enable the discovery and sharing of information in a way that preserves privacy. A user stores personal data in "pods" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_online_data_stores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Personal online data stores (page does not exist)">personal online data stores</a>) hosted wherever the user desires. Applications that are authenticated by Solid are allowed to request data if the user has given the application permission. A user may distribute personal information among several pods; for example, different pods might contain personal profile data, contact information, financial information, health, travel plans, or other information. The user could then join an authenticated social-networking application by giving it permission to access the appropriate information in a specific pod. The user retains complete ownership and control of data in the user's pods: what data each pod contains, where each pod is stored, and which applications have permission to use the data.<sup id="cite_ref-dt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more detail, Solid consists of the following components:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>An organized collection of standards and data formats/vocabularies providing the same capabilities that centralized social media services offer, such as identity, authentication, login, permission lists, contact management, messaging, feed subscriptions, comments, discussions, and others.</li> <li>Specifications and design notes describing a <a href="/wiki/REST_API" class="mw-redirect" title="REST API">REST API</a> to extend existing standards, to guide developers building servers or applications.</li> <li>Servers that implement the Solid specification.</li> <li>A test suite for testing and validating Solid implementations.</li> <li>An ecosystem of social applications, identity providers, and helper libraries that run on the Solid platform.</li> <li>A community providing documentation, discussion, tutorials, and presentations.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid_(web_decentralization_project)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActivityPub" title="ActivityPub">ActivityPub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AT_Protocol" title="AT Protocol">AT Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dat_(software)" title="Dat (software)">Dat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_social_network" title="Distributed social network">Distributed social network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Services_Act" title="Digital Services Act">Digital Services Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndieWeb" title="IndieWeb">IndieWeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">InterPlanetary File System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbit" title="Urbit">Urbit</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid_(web_decentralization_project)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Weinberber2016" class="citation web cs1">David Weinberber (10 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/ways-to-decentralize-the-web/">"How the father of the World Wide Web plans to reclaim it from Facebook and Google"</a>. <i>Digital Trends</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180706075032/https://www.digitaltrends.com/web/ways-to-decentralize-the-web/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Tim+Berners-Lee%2C+inventor+of+the+web%2C+plots+a+radical+overhaul+of+his+creation&rft.date=2017-04-04&rft.au=Klint+Finley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2017%2F04%2Ftim-berners-lee-inventor-web-plots-radical-overhaul-creation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKathryn_Krawczyk2018" class="citation news cs1">Kathryn Krawczyk (2 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theweek.com/speedreads/782504/creator-web-realizes-invention-gone-way-wrong">"World Wide Change: The creator of the web realizes his invention has gone way wrong"</a>. <i>The Week</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180709081427/http://theweek.com/speedreads/782504/creator-web-realizes-invention-gone-way-wrong">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=World+Wide+Change%3A+The+creator+of+the+web+realizes+his+invention+has+gone+way+wrong&rft.date=2018-07-02&rft.au=Kathryn+Krawczyk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fspeedreads%2F782504%2Fcreator-web-realizes-invention-gone-way-wrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/news/web-inventor-tim-berners-lees-next-project-platform-gives-users-control-their-data">"Web inventor Tim Berners-Lee's next project: a platform that gives users control of their data"</a>. <i>Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab</i>. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+Science+%26+Artificial+Intelligence+Lab&rft.atitle=Web+inventor+Tim+Berners-Lee%27s+next+project%3A+a+platform+that+gives+users+control+of+their+data&rft.date=2015-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csail.mit.edu%2Fnews%2Fweb-inventor-tim-berners-lees-next-project-platform-gives-users-control-their-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatrina_Booker2018" class="citation web cs1">Katrina Booker (29 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/90243936/exclusive-tim-berners-lee-tells-us-his-radical-new-plan-to-upend-the-world-wide-web">"Exclusive: Tim Berners-Lee tells us his radical new plan to upend the World Wide Web"</a>. <i>Fast Company</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Tim+Berners-Lee+tells+us+his+radical+new+plan+to+upend+the+World+Wide+Web&rft.date=2018-09-29&rft.au=Katrina+Booker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F90243936%2Fexclusive-tim-berners-lee-tells-us-his-radical-new-plan-to-upend-the-world-wide-web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irupt-website-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irupt-website_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inrupt.com">"Inrupt"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inrupt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inrupt.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span> Website.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTim_Berners-Lee2018" class="citation web cs1">Tim Berners-Lee (28 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inrupt.com/blog/one-small-step-for-the-web">"One Small Step for the Web..."</a> Inrupt.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+Small+Step+for+the+Web...&rft.pub=Inrupt&rft.date=2018-09-28&rft.au=Tim+Berners-Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inrupt.com%2Fblog%2Fone-small-step-for-the-web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidproject.org/TR/">"Solid Technical Reports"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Solid+Technical+Reports&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolidproject.org%2FTR%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2021/12/09/tim-berners-lee-inrupt-fundraise/">"Web creator Tim Berners-Lee's startup Inrupt raises $30 million"</a>. <i>TechCrunch</i>. 9 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechCrunch&rft.atitle=Web+creator+Tim+Berners-Lee%27s+startup+Inrupt+raises+%2430+million&rft.date=2021-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcrunch.com%2F2021%2F12%2F09%2Ftim-berners-lee-inrupt-fundraise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theodi.org/insights/projects/odi-and-solid-building-a-future-where-data-works-for-everyone/">"ODI and Solid: Building a future where data works for everyone"</a>. <i>Open Data Institute</i>. 17 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Data+Institute&rft.atitle=ODI+and+Solid%3A+Building+a+future+where+data+works+for+everyone&rft.date=2024-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheodi.org%2Finsights%2Fprojects%2Fodi-and-solid-building-a-future-where-data-works-for-everyone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leonard-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leonard_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Leonard2018" class="citation web cs1">John Leonard (27 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computing.co.uk/ctg/news/3036546/decentralising-the-web-omisego-on-the-importance-of-user-experience">"Decentralising the web: OmiseGO on the importance of user experience for new platforms"</a>. <i>Computing</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180730050637/https://www.computing.co.uk/ctg/news/3036546/decentralising-the-web-omisego-on-the-importance-of-user-experience">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computing&rft.atitle=Decentralising+the+web%3A+OmiseGO+on+the+importance+of+user+experience+for+new+platforms&rft.date=2018-07-27&rft.au=John+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computing.co.uk%2Fctg%2Fnews%2F3036546%2Fdecentralising-the-web-omisego-on-the-importance-of-user-experience&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/solid/solid">"About Solid"</a>. GitHub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180703172221/https://github.com/solid/solid">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Solid&rft.pub=GitHub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fsolid%2Fsolid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASolid+%28web+decentralization+project%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid_(web_decentralization_project)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csail.mit.edu/research/solid-social-linked-data">Investigating Decentralized Management of Health and Fitness Data</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/jasonpaulos/solid-health">Solid Health</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solid_(web_decentralization_project)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidproject.org/">Solid website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solid.mit.edu/">Solid MIT website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidproject.org/apps">Solid apps</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solidproject.solidcommunity.net/catalog/">Catalog of Solid infrastructure, applications and tools</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/solid">Solid</a> on <a 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">Databases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypertext" title="Hypertext">Hypertext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ontology (computer science)">Ontologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantics_(computer_science)" title="Semantics (computer science)">Semantics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_network" title="Semantic network">Semantic networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dataspaces" class="mw-redirect" 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publishing">Semantic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_reasoner" title="Semantic reasoner">Semantic reasoner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_search" title="Semantic search">Semantic search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_service-oriented_architecture" title="Semantic service-oriented architecture">Semantic service-oriented architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_wiki" title="Semantic wiki">Semantic wiki</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Solid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_intelligence" title="Collective intelligence">Collective intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Description_logic" title="Description logic">Description logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folksonomy" title="Folksonomy">Folksonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotagging" title="Geotagging">Geotagging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_architecture" title="Information architecture">Information architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IXBRL" class="mw-redirect" title="IXBRL">iXBRL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_extraction" title="Knowledge extraction">Knowledge extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_management" title="Knowledge management">Knowledge management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_representation_and_reasoning" title="Knowledge representation and reasoning">Knowledge representation and reasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_2.0" title="Library 2.0">Library 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_library" title="Digital library">Digital library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_humanities" title="Digital humanities">Digital humanities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">Metadata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reference_(computer_science)" title="Reference (computer science)">References</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">Topic map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_engineering" title="Web engineering">Web engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Science_Trust" title="Web Science Trust">Web Science Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syntax and supporting technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_Resource_Identifier" title="Internationalized Resource Identifier">IRI</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier" title="Uniform Resource Identifier">URI</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Description_Framework" title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Semantic_triple" title="Semantic triple">triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/RDF/XML" title="RDF/XML">RDF/XML</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/JSON-LD" title="JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Turtle_(syntax)" title="Turtle (syntax)">Turtle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriG_(syntax)" title="TriG (syntax)">TriG</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Notation3" title="Notation3">Notation3</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/N-Triples" title="N-Triples">N-Triples</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/TriX_(serialization_format)" title="TriX (serialization format)">TriX</a> (no W3C standard)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_Resource_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Resource Identifier">RRID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARQL" title="SPARQL">SPARQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_HTML" title="Semantic HTML">Semantic HTML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Schemas, ontologies and rules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">Common Logic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Ontology_Language" title="Web Ontology Language">OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDF_Schema" title="RDF Schema">RDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_Interchange_Format" title="Rule Interchange Format">Rule Interchange Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Web_Rule_Language" title="Semantic Web Rule Language">Semantic Web Rule Language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Application-Level_Profile_Semantics_(ALPS)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Application-Level Profile Semantics (ALPS) (page does not exist)">ALPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHACL" title="SHACL">SHACL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Semantic annotation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GRDDL" title="GRDDL">GRDDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microdata_(HTML)" title="Microdata (HTML)">Microdata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microformat" title="Microformat">Microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RDFa" title="RDFa">RDFa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAWSDL" title="SAWSDL">SAWSDL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facebook_Platform" title="Facebook Platform">Facebook Platform</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common vocabularies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DOAP" title="DOAP">DOAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Core" title="Dublin Core">Dublin Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOAF" title="FOAF">FOAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema.org" title="Schema.org">Schema.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantically_Interlinked_Online_Communities" title="Semantically Interlinked Online Communities">SIOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Knowledge_Organization_System" title="Simple Knowledge Organization System">SKOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microformat vocabularies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HAtom" title="HAtom">hAtom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCalendar" title="HCalendar">hCalendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCard" 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