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href="#Creating_and_publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Creating and publishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creating_and_publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anonymity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anonymity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Anonymity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anonymity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associated_technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associated_technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Associated technologies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Associated_technologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Associated technologies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Associated_technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Distributed_trackers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distributed_trackers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Distributed trackers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distributed_trackers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Web_seeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Web_seeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Web seeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Web_seeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RSS_feeds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RSS_feeds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>RSS feeds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RSS_feeds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Throttling_and_encryption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Throttling_and_encryption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Throttling and encryption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Throttling_and_encryption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multitrackers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multitrackers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Multitrackers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multitrackers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peer_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peer_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Peer selection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peer_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Implementations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Implementations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adoption subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Popularity_and_traffic_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popularity_and_traffic_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Popularity and traffic statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popularity_and_traffic_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film,_video,_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film,_video,_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Film, video, and music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film,_video,_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Broadcasters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cloud_Service_Providers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cloud_Service_Providers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Cloud Service Providers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cloud_Service_Providers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legislation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">BitTorrent</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="بت تورنت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بت تورنت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrent" title="Torrent – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Torrent" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="বিটটরেন্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিটটরেন্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorento" title="BitTorento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="BitTorento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA" title="بیت‌تورنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیت‌تورنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%8A%B8%ED%86%A0%EB%A0%8C%ED%8A%B8" title="비트토렌트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비트토렌트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="बिट टॉरेंट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बिट टॉरेंट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%98" title="ביטורנט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביטורנט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_(%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE)" title="ബിറ്റ് ടോറന്റ് (പ്രോട്ടോകോൾ) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബിറ്റ് ടോറന്റ് (പ്രോട്ടോകോൾ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F" title="बिटटॉरेंट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बिटटॉरेंट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protokol)" title="BitTorrent (protokol) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="BitTorrent (protokol)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(protokoll)" title="BitTorrent (protokoll) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="BitTorrent (protokoll)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A_(%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA)" title="බිට්ටොරන්ට් (ප්‍රොටොකෝලය) – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බිට්ටොරන්ට් (ප්‍රොටොකෝලය)" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bittorrent" title="Bittorrent – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bittorrent" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பிட்டொரென்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிட்டொரென்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="BitTorrent (протокол) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="BitTorrent (протокол)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="บิตทอร์เรนต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บิตทอร์เรนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)" title="BitTorrent (протокол) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BitTorrent (протокол)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%B9_%D9%B9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%B9" title="بٹ ٹورنٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بٹ ٹورنٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%EF%BC%89" title="BitTorrent（协议） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="BitTorrent（协议）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent" title="BitTorrent – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="BitTorrent" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_(%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE)" title="BitTorrent (协议) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="BitTorrent (协议)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133862#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the file sharing protocol. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="BitTorrent (disambiguation)">BitTorrent (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Merge_from plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/50px-Mergefrom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/75px-Mergefrom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mergefrom.svg/100px-Mergefrom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that <i><a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">Torrent file</a></i> be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into this article. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:BitTorrent#Merge_proposal" title="Talk:BitTorrent">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since September 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">BitTorrent</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bram_Cohen" title="Bram Cohen">Bram Cohen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rainberry,_Inc." title="Rainberry, Inc.">Rainberry, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2001<span class="noprint">; 23 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2001</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Standard</a>(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">The BitTorrent Protocol Specification<sup id="cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protocol1.0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">peer-to-peer file sharing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data">bittorrent.org</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:File_sharing" title="Category:File sharing">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/80px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/120px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg/160px-Share_alt_square_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Technologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_hosting_service" class="mw-redirect" title="File hosting service">File hosting services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer to peer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDCC" title="XDCC">XDCC</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Video on demand sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/123Movies" title="123Movies">123Movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dailymotion" title="Dailymotion">Dailymotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTube" title="PeerTube">PeerTube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putlocker" title="Putlocker">Putlocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">BitTorrent sites</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1337x" title="1337x">1337x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonoid" title="Demonoid">Demonoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTorrent" title="ExtraTorrent">ExtraTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZTV" title="EZTV">EZTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsoHunt" title="IsoHunt">isoHunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FitGirl_Repacks" title="FitGirl Repacks">FitGirl Repacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaa_Torrents" title="Nyaa Torrents">Nyaa Torrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RARBG" title="RARBG">RARBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutracker.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutracker.org">Rutracker.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Rockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Rockers">Tamil Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIFY" title="YIFY">YIFY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YourBittorrent" title="YourBittorrent">YourBittorrent</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Academic/scholarly</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">ICanHazPDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_Genesis" title="Library Genesis">Library Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-Library" title="Z-Library">Z-Library</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">File sharing networks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_(file_sharing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct Connect (file sharing)">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet">Hyphanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">P2P clients</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DC%2B%2B" title="DC++">DC++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMule" title="EMule">eMule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filetopia" title="Filetopia">Filetopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Streaming programs</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butter_Project" title="Butter Project">Butter Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodi_(software)" title="Kodi (software)">Kodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrents-Time" title="Torrents-Time">Torrents-Time</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Anonymous file sharing</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darknet_(networking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Darknet (networking)">Darknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_peer-to-peer" title="Private peer-to-peer">Private P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">Proxy server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Development and societal aspects</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_file_sharing" title="Timeline of file sharing">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_issues_with_BitTorrent" title="Legal issues with BitTorrent">BitTorrent issues</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">By country or region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Canada" title="File sharing in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Japan" title="File sharing in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_Singapore" title="File sharing in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="File sharing in the United Kingdom">UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing#United_States" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">USA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Comparisons</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">Comparison of BitTorrent sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">Comparison of eDonkey software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients">Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Usenet_newsreaders" title="Comparison of Usenet newsreaders">Comparison of Usenet newsreaders</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Template:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Template talk:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:File_sharing_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:File sharing sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>BitTorrent</b>, also referred to simply as <b>torrent</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (computing)">communication protocol</a> for <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">peer-to-peer file sharing</a> (P2P), which enables users to distribute data and electronic files over the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Decentralised_system" title="Decentralised system">decentralized</a> manner. The protocol is developed and maintained by <a href="/wiki/Rainberry,_Inc." title="Rainberry, Inc.">Rainberry, Inc.</a>, and was first released in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-BC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To send or receive files, users use a <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">BitTorrent client</a> on their Internet-connected computer, which are available for a variety of computing platforms and <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients#Operating_system_support" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">operating systems</a>, including <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)" title="BitTorrent (software)">an official client</a>. <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent trackers</a> provide a list of files available for transfer and allow the client to find peer users, known as "seeds", who may transfer the files. BitTorrent downloading is considered to be faster than <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> ("direct downloading") and <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> due to the lack of a central server that could limit bandwidth.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_video" title="Digital video">digital video</a> files containing TV shows and video clips, or <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> files. BitTorrent accounted for a third of all internet traffic in 2004, according to a study by Cachelogic.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As recently as 2019 BitTorrent remained a significant file sharing protocol according to <a href="/wiki/Sandvine" title="Sandvine">Sandvine</a>, generating a substantial amount of Internet traffic, with 2.46% of <a href="/wiki/Downstream_(networking)" title="Downstream (networking)">downstream</a>, and 27.58% of <a href="/wiki/Upstream_(networking)" title="Upstream (networking)">upstream</a> traffic,<sup id="cite_ref-BitTorrentSW_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BitTorrentSW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this share has declined significantly since then.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BitTorrent_network.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/BitTorrent_network.svg/220px-BitTorrent_network.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/BitTorrent_network.svg/330px-BitTorrent_network.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/BitTorrent_network.svg/440px-BitTorrent_network.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>The middle computer is acting as a "seed" to provide a file to the other computers which act as peers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Programmer <a href="/wiki/Bram_Cohen" title="Bram Cohen">Bram Cohen</a>, a <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a> alumnus,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> designed the protocol in April 2001, and released the first available version on 2 July 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-BC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cohen and <a href="/wiki/Ashwin_Navin" title="Ashwin Navin">Ashwin Navin</a> founded BitTorrent, Inc. (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Rainberry,_Inc." title="Rainberry, Inc.">Rainberry, Inc.</a>) to further develop the technology in 2004. </p><p>The first release of the BitTorrent client had no search engine and no peer exchange. Up until 2005, the only way to share files was by creating a small text file called a "<a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">torrent</a>", that they would upload to a torrent index site. The first uploader acted as a <i><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_BitTorrent#Seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminology of BitTorrent">seed</a></i>, and downloaders would initially connect as <i><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_BitTorrent#Peer" class="mw-redirect" title="Terminology of BitTorrent">peers</a></i>. Those who wish to download the file would download the torrent, which their client would use to connect to a tracker which had a list of the IP addresses of other seeds and peers in the swarm. Once a peer completed a download of the complete file, it could in turn function as a seed. These files contain <a href="/wiki/Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a> about the files to be shared and the <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">trackers</a> which keep track of the other seeds and peers. </p><p>In 2005, first <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a> and then the BitTorrent client introduced distributed tracking using distributed hash tables which allowed clients to exchange data on swarms directly without the need for a torrent file. </p><p>In 2006, peer exchange functionality was added allowing clients to add peers based on the data found on connected nodes. </p><p>In 2017, BitTorrent, Inc. released the BitTorrent v2 protocol specification.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BitTorrent v2 is intended to work seamlessly with previous versions of the BitTorrent protocol. The main reason for the update was that the old <a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function" title="Cryptographic hash function">cryptographic hash function</a>, <a href="/wiki/SHA-1" title="SHA-1">SHA-1</a>, is <a href="/wiki/SHA-1#The_SHAppening" title="SHA-1">no longer considered safe from malicious attacks</a> by the developers, and as such, v2 uses <a href="/wiki/SHA-256" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA-256">SHA-256</a>. To ensure backwards compatibility, the v2 .torrent file format supports a hybrid mode where the torrents are hashed through both the new method and the old method, with the intent that the files will be shared with peers on both v1 and v2 swarms. Another update to the specification is adding a <a href="/wiki/Merkle_tree" title="Merkle tree">hash tree</a> to speed up time from adding a torrent to downloading files, and to allow more granular checks for file corruption. In addition, each file is now hashed individually, enabling files in the swarm to be deduplicated, so that if multiple torrents include the same files, but seeders are only seeding the file from some, downloaders of the other torrents can still download the file. In addition, file hashes can be displayed on tracker, torrent indexing services, to search for swarms by searching for hashes of files contained in them. These hashes are different from the usual SHA-256 hash of files and can be obtained using tools.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Magnet links for v2 also support a hybrid mode to ensure support for legacy clients.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torrentcomp_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torrentcomp_small.gif/220px-Torrentcomp_small.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Torrentcomp_small.gif/330px-Torrentcomp_small.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Torrentcomp_small.gif 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Animation of <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">protocol</a> use: The colored dots beneath each computer in the animation represent different parts of the <a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">file being shared</a>. By the time a copy to a destination computer of each of those parts completes, a copy to another destination computer of that part (or other parts) is already taking place between users.</figcaption></figure> <p>The BitTorrent protocol can be used to reduce the server and network impact of distributing large files. Rather than downloading a file from a single source server, the BitTorrent protocol allows users to join a "swarm" of hosts to upload and download from each other simultaneously. The protocol is an alternative to the older single source, multiple mirror sources technique for distributing data, and can work effectively over networks with lower <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a>. Using the BitTorrent protocol, several basic computers, such as home computers, can replace large servers while efficiently distributing files to many recipients. This lower bandwidth usage also helps prevent large spikes in <a href="/wiki/Internet_traffic" title="Internet traffic">internet traffic</a> in a given area, keeping internet speeds higher for all users in general, regardless of whether or not they use the BitTorrent protocol. </p><p>The file being distributed is divided into segments called <i>pieces</i>. As each peer receives a new piece of the file, it becomes a source (of that piece) for other peers, relieving the original seed from having to send that piece to every computer or user wishing a copy. With BitTorrent, the task of distributing the file is shared by those who want it; it is entirely possible for the seed to send only a single copy of the file itself and eventually distribute to an unlimited number of peers. Each piece is protected by a <a href="/wiki/Cryptographic_hash" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptographic hash">cryptographic hash</a> contained in the torrent descriptor.<sup id="cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protocol1.0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ensures that any modification of the piece can be reliably detected, and thus prevents both accidental and malicious modifications of any of the pieces received at other nodes. If a node starts with an authentic copy of the torrent descriptor, it can verify the authenticity of the entire file it receives. </p><p>Pieces are typically downloaded non-sequentially, and are rearranged into the correct order by the BitTorrent client, which monitors which pieces it needs, and which pieces it has and can upload to other peers. Pieces are of the same size throughout a single download (for example, a 10 MB file may be transmitted as ten 1 MB pieces or as forty 256 KB pieces). Due to the nature of this approach, the download of any file can be halted at any time and be resumed at a later date, without the loss of previously downloaded information, which in turn makes BitTorrent particularly useful in the transfer of larger files. This also enables the client to seek out readily available pieces and download them immediately, rather than halting the download and waiting for the next (and possibly unavailable) piece in line, which typically reduces the overall time of the download. This eventual transition from peers to seeders determines the overall "health" of the file (as determined by the number of times a file is available in its complete form). </p><p>The distributed nature of BitTorrent can lead to a <a href="/wiki/Flooding_algorithm" title="Flooding algorithm">flood-like</a> spreading of a file throughout many peer computer nodes. As more peers join the swarm, the likelihood of a successful download by any particular node increases. Relative to traditional Internet distribution schemes, this permits a significant reduction in the original distributor's hardware and bandwidth resource costs. Distributed downloading protocols in general provide <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/redundancy" class="extiw" title="wikt:redundancy">redundancy</a> against system problems, reduce dependence on the original distributor,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and provide sources for the file which are generally <a href="/wiki/Transient_(computer_programming)" title="Transient (computer programming)">transient</a> and therefore there is no single point of failure as in one way server-client transfers. </p><p>Though both ultimately transfer files over a network, a BitTorrent download differs from a one way server-client download (as is typical with an <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</a> or <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</a> request, for example) in several fundamental ways: </p> <ul><li>BitTorrent makes many small data requests over different <a href="/wiki/Internet_Protocol" title="Internet Protocol">IP</a> connections to different machines, while server-client downloading is typically made via a single <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> connection to a single machine.</li> <li>BitTorrent downloads in a random or in a "rarest-first"<sup id="cite_ref-Rarest_First_and_Choke_Algorithms_Are_Enough_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rarest_First_and_Choke_Algorithms_Are_Enough-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> approach that ensures high availability, while classic downloads are sequential.</li></ul> <p>Taken together, these differences allow BitTorrent to achieve much lower cost to the content provider, much higher redundancy, and much greater resistance to abuse or to "<a href="/wiki/Slashdot_effect" title="Slashdot effect">flash crowds</a>" than regular <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server software</a>. However, this protection, theoretically, comes at a cost: downloads can take time to rise to full speed because it may take time for enough peer connections to be established, and it may take time for a node to receive sufficient data to become an effective uploader. This contrasts with regular downloads (such as from an HTTP server, for example) that, while more vulnerable to overload and abuse, rise to full speed very quickly, and maintain this speed throughout. In the beginning, BitTorrent's non-contiguous download methods made it harder to support "streaming playback". In 2014, the client <a href="/wiki/Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a> allowed for streaming of BitTorrent video files. Since then, more and more clients are offering streaming options. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Searching">Searching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Searching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The BitTorrent protocol provides no way to index torrent files. As a result, a comparatively small number of websites have hosted a large majority of torrents, many linking to copyrighted works without the authorization of copyright holders, rendering those sites especially vulnerable to lawsuits.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A BitTorrent index is a "list of <a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">.torrent files</a>, which typically includes descriptions" and information about the torrent's content.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several types of websites support the discovery and distribution of data on the BitTorrent network. Public torrent-hosting sites such as <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a> allow users to search and download from their collection of torrent files. Users can typically also upload torrent files for content they wish to distribute. Often, these sites also run <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent trackers</a> for their hosted torrent files, but these two functions are not mutually dependent: a torrent file could be hosted on one site and tracked by another unrelated site. Private sites operate like public ones except that they may restrict access to registered users and may also keep track of the amount of data each user uploads and downloads, in an attempt to reduce "<a href="/wiki/Leech_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leech (computing)">leeching</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">Web search engines</a> allow the discovery of torrent files that are hosted and tracked on other sites; examples include The Pirate Bay and <a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a>. These sites allow the user to ask for content meeting specific criteria (such as containing a given word or phrase) and retrieve a list of links to torrent files matching those criteria. This list can often be sorted with respect to several criteria, relevance (seeders to leechers ratio) being one of the most popular and useful (due to the way the protocol behaves, the download bandwidth achievable is very sensitive to this value). <a href="/wiki/Metasearch_engine" title="Metasearch engine">Metasearch engines</a> allow one to search several BitTorrent indices and search engines at once. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a> BitTorrent client was among the first to incorporate built-in search capabilities. With Tribler, users can find .torrent files held by random peers and taste buddies.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It adds such an ability to the BitTorrent protocol using a <a href="/wiki/Gossip_protocol" title="Gossip protocol">gossip protocol</a>, somewhat similar to the <a href="/wiki/EXeem" title="EXeem">eXeem</a> network which was shut down in 2005. The software includes the ability to recommend content as well. After a dozen downloads, the Tribler software can roughly estimate the download taste of the user, and recommend additional content.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2007, researchers at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> published a paper proposing a new approach to searching a peer-to-peer network for inexact strings,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which could replace the functionality of a central indexing site. A year later, the same team implemented the system as a plugin for <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a> called Cubit<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and published a follow-up paper reporting its success.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A somewhat similar facility but with a slightly different approach is provided by the <a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a> client through its "Torrent Exchange"<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> feature. Whenever two peers using BitComet (with Torrent Exchange enabled) connect to each other they exchange lists of all the torrents (name and info-hash) they have in the Torrent Share storage (torrent files which were previously downloaded and for which the user chose to enable sharing by Torrent Exchange). Thus each client builds up a list of all the torrents shared by the peers it connected to in the current session (or it can even maintain the list between sessions if instructed). </p><p>At any time the user can search into that Torrent Collection list for a certain torrent and sort the list by categories. When the user chooses to download a torrent from that list, the .torrent file is automatically searched for (by info-hash value) in the <a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">DHT Network</a> and when found it is downloaded by the querying client which can subsequently create and initiate a downloading task. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downloading_and_sharing">Downloading and sharing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Downloading and sharing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Users find a torrent of interest on a torrent index site or by using a search engine built into the client, download it, and open it with a BitTorrent client. The client connects to the tracker(s) or seeds specified in the torrent file, from which it receives a list of seeds and peers currently transferring pieces of the file(s). The client connects to those peers to obtain the various pieces. If the swarm contains only the initial seeder, the client connects directly to it, and begins to request pieces. Clients incorporate mechanisms to optimize their download and upload rates. </p><p>The effectiveness of this data exchange depends largely on the policies that clients use to determine to whom to send data. Clients may prefer to send data to peers that send data back to them (a "<a href="/wiki/Tit_for_tat" title="Tit for tat">tit for tat</a>" exchange scheme), which encourages fair trading. But strict policies often result in suboptimal situations, such as when newly joined peers are unable to receive any data because they do not have any pieces yet to trade themselves or when two peers with a good connection between them do not exchange data simply because neither of them takes the initiative. To counter these effects, the official BitTorrent client program uses a mechanism called "optimistic unchoking", whereby the client reserves a portion of its available bandwidth for sending pieces to random peers (not necessarily known good partners, or "preferred peers") in hopes of discovering even better partners and to ensure that newcomers get a chance to join the swarm.<sup id="cite_ref-Tamilmanistudy_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamilmanistudy-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although "swarming" scales well to tolerate "flash crowds" for popular content, it is less useful for unpopular or <a href="/wiki/Niche_market" title="Niche market">niche market</a> content. Peers arriving after the initial rush might find the content unavailable and need to wait for the arrival of a "seed" in order to complete their downloads. The seed arrival, in turn, may take long to happen (this is termed the "seeder promotion problem"). Since maintaining seeds for unpopular content entails high bandwidth and administrative costs, this runs counter to the goals of publishers that value BitTorrent as a cheap alternative to a client-server approach. This occurs on a huge scale; measurements have shown that 38% of all new torrents become unavailable within the first month.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A strategy adopted by many publishers which significantly increases availability of unpopular content consists of bundling multiple files in a single swarm.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More sophisticated solutions have also been proposed; generally, these use cross-torrent mechanisms through which multiple torrents can cooperate to better share content.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creating_and_publishing">Creating and publishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Creating and publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: Some extensions described in this section as experimental have been standardized. This section is factually incorrect about some aspects of v1 and v2.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The peer distributing a data file treats the file as a number of identically sized pieces, usually with byte sizes of a power of 2, and typically between 32 KB and 16 MB each. The peer creates a <a href="/wiki/Hash_Function" class="mw-redirect" title="Hash Function">hash</a> for each piece, using the <a href="/wiki/SHA-1" title="SHA-1">SHA-1</a> hash function, and records it in the torrent file. Pieces with sizes greater than 512 KB will reduce the size of a torrent file for a very large payload, but is claimed to reduce the efficiency of the protocol.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When another peer later receives a particular piece, the hash of the piece is compared to the recorded hash to test that the piece is error-free.<sup id="cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protocol1.0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peers that provide a complete file are called seeders, and the peer providing the initial copy is called the initial seeder. The exact information contained in the torrent file depends on the version of the BitTorrent protocol. </p><p>By convention, the name of a torrent file has the suffix <code>.torrent</code>. Torrent files use the <a href="/wiki/Bencode" title="Bencode">Bencode</a> file format, and contain an "announce" section, which specifies the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URL</a> of the tracker, and an "info" section, containing (suggested) names for the files, their lengths, the piece length used, and a <a href="/wiki/SHA-1" title="SHA-1">SHA-1</a> <a href="/wiki/Hash_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Hash code">hash code</a> for each piece, all of which are used by clients to verify the integrity of the data they receive. Though SHA-1 has shown signs of cryptographic weakness, Bram Cohen did not initially consider the risk big enough for a backward incompatible change to, for example, <a href="/wiki/SHA-3" title="SHA-3">SHA-3</a>. As of BitTorrent v2 the hash function has been updated to SHA-256.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early days, torrent files were typically published to torrent index websites, and registered with at least one tracker. The tracker maintained lists of the clients currently connected to the swarm.<sup id="cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Protocol1.0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, in a <i>trackerless system</i> (decentralized tracking) every peer acts as a tracker. Azureus was the first<sup id="cite_ref-DHT-turns-10_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHT-turns-10-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BitTorrent client to implement such a system through the <a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">distributed hash table</a> (DHT) method. An alternative and incompatible DHT system, known as <a href="/wiki/Mainline_DHT" title="Mainline DHT">Mainline DHT</a>, was released in the Mainline BitTorrent client three weeks later (though it had been in development since 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-DHT-turns-10_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHT-turns-10-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently adopted by the <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTorrent" title="RTorrent">rTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTorrent" title="KTorrent">KTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(BitTorrent_client)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deluge (BitTorrent client)">Deluge</a> clients. </p><p>After the DHT was adopted, a "private" flag – analogous to the <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_flag" title="Broadcast flag">broadcast flag</a> – was unofficially introduced, telling clients to restrict the use of decentralized tracking regardless of the user's desires.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag is intentionally placed in the info section of the torrent so that it cannot be disabled or removed without changing the identity of the torrent. The purpose of this <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a> is to prevent torrents from being shared with clients that do not have access to the tracker. The flag was requested for inclusion in the official specification in August 2008, but has not been accepted yet.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clients that have ignored the private flag were banned by many trackers, discouraging the practice.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anonymity">Anonymity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anonymity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BitTorrent does not, on its own, offer its users anonymity. One can usually see the <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a> of all peers in a swarm in one's own client or firewall program. This may expose users with insecure systems to attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-Tamilmanistudy_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamilmanistudy-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries, copyright organizations scrape lists of peers, and send takedown notices to the <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet service provider</a> of users participating in the swarms of files that are under copyright. In some jurisdictions, copyright holders may launch lawsuits against uploaders or downloaders for infringement, and police may arrest suspects in such cases. </p><p>Various means have been used to promote anonymity. For example, the BitTorrent client <a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a> makes available a <a href="/wiki/Tor_(anonymity_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor (anonymity network)">Tor</a>-like <a href="/wiki/Onion_routing" title="Onion routing">onion network</a>, optionally routing transfers through other peers to obscure which client has requested the data. The exit node would be visible to peers in a swarm, but the Tribler organization provides exit nodes. One advantage of Tribler is that <a href="/wiki/Clearnet_(networking)" title="Clearnet (networking)">clearnet</a> torrents can be downloaded with only a small decrease in download speed from one "hop" of routing. </p><p><a href="/wiki/I2p" class="mw-redirect" title="I2p">i2p</a> provides a similar anonymity layer although in that case, one can only download torrents that have been uploaded to the i2p network.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bittorrent client <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a> allows users who are not concerned about anonymity to take <a href="/wiki/Clearnet_(networking)" title="Clearnet (networking)">clearnet</a> torrents, and make them available on the i2p network.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most BitTorrent clients are not designed to provide anonymity when used over Tor,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is some debate as to whether torrenting over Tor acts as a drag on the network.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Private" torrent websites are usually invitation only, and require members to participate in uploading, but have the downside of a single centralized point of failure. <a href="/wiki/Oink%27s_Pink_Palace" title="Oink's Pink Palace">Oink's Pink Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/What.cd" class="mw-redirect" title="What.cd">What.cd</a> are examples of private torrent sites which have been shut down. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedbox</a> services download the torrent files first to the company's servers, allowing the user to direct download the file from there.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One's IP address would be visible to the Seedbox provider, but not to third parties. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">Virtual private networks</a> encrypt transfers, and substitute a different IP address for the user's, so that anyone monitoring a torrent swarm will only see that address. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_technologies">Associated technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Associated technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Distributed_trackers">Distributed trackers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Distributed trackers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2 May 2005, Azureus 2.3.0.0 (now known as <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a>) was released,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> utilizing a distributed database system. This system is a <a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">distributed hash table</a> implementation which allows the client to use torrents that do not have a working <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a>. A bootstrap server is instead utilized. The following month, BitTorrent, Inc. released version 4.2.0 of the Mainline BitTorrent client, which supported an alternative DHT implementation (popularly known as "<a href="/wiki/Mainline_DHT" title="Mainline DHT">Mainline DHT</a>", outlined in a draft on their website) that is incompatible with that of Azureus. In 2014, measurement showed concurrent users of Mainline DHT to be from 10 million to 25 million, with a daily churn of at least 10 million.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Current versions of the official BitTorrent client, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a> and BitSpirit all share compatibility with Mainline DHT. Both DHT implementations are based on <a href="/wiki/Kademlia" title="Kademlia">Kademlia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of version 3.0.5.0, Azureus also supports Mainline DHT in addition to its own distributed database through use of an optional application plugin.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This potentially allows the Azureus/Vuze client to reach a bigger swarm. </p><p>Another idea that has surfaced in Vuze is that of <i>virtual torrents</i>. This idea is based on the distributed tracker approach and is used to describe some web resource. Currently, it is used for <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a>. It is implemented using a special messaging protocol and requires an appropriate plugin. Anatomic P2P is another approach, which uses a decentralized network of nodes that route traffic to dynamic trackers. Most BitTorrent clients also use <a href="/wiki/Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">peer exchange</a> (PEX) to gather peers in addition to <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">trackers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">DHT</a>. Peer exchange checks with known peers to see if they know of any other peers. With the 3.0.5.0 release of Vuze, all major BitTorrent clients now have compatible peer exchange. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Web_seeding">Web seeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Web seeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Torrent_file#HTTP_seeds" title="Torrent file">Torrent file § HTTP seeds</a></div> <p>Web "seeding" was implemented in 2006 as the ability of BitTorrent clients to download torrent pieces from an HTTP source in addition to the "swarm". The advantage of this feature is that a website may distribute a torrent for a particular file or batch of files and make those files available for download from that same web server; this can simplify long-term seeding and <a href="/wiki/Load_balancing_(computing)" title="Load balancing (computing)">load balancing</a> through the use of existing, cheap, web hosting setups. In theory, this would make using BitTorrent almost as easy for a web publisher as creating a direct HTTP download. In addition, it would allow the "web seed" to be disabled if the swarm becomes too popular while still allowing the file to be readily available. This feature has two distinct specifications, both of which are supported by <a href="/wiki/Libtorrent" title="Libtorrent">Libtorrent</a> and the 26+ clients that use it. </p><p>The first was created by John "TheSHAD0W" Hoffman, who created BitTornado.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This first specification requires running a web service that serves content by info-hash and piece number, rather than filename. </p><p>The other specification is created by <a href="/wiki/GetRight" title="GetRight">GetRight</a> authors and can rely on a basic HTTP download space (using <a href="/wiki/Byte_serving" title="Byte serving">byte serving</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2010, a new service named Burnbit was launched which generates a torrent from any URL using webseeding.<sup id="cite_ref-tf-article_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tf-article-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are server-side solutions that provide initial seeding of the file from the web server via standard BitTorrent protocol and when the number of external seeders reach a limit, they stop serving the file from the original source.<sup id="cite_ref-web-seeders_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-web-seeders-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RSS_feeds">RSS feeds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: RSS feeds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></div> <p>A technique called <a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">broadcatching</a> combines <a href="/wiki/RSS_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS (file format)">RSS</a> feeds with the BitTorrent protocol to create a content delivery system, further simplifying and automating content distribution. Steve Gillmor explained the concept in a column for <a href="/wiki/Ziff-Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziff-Davis">Ziff-Davis</a> in December 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The discussion spread quickly among bloggers (Ernest Miller,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Pirillo" title="Chris Pirillo">Chris Pirillo</a>, etc.). In an article entitled <i>Broadcatching with BitTorrent</i>, Scott Raymond explained: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I want RSS feeds of BitTorrent files. A script would periodically check the feed for new items, and use them to start the download. Then, I could find a trusted publisher of an <a href="/wiki/Alias_(TV_Show)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alias (TV Show)">Alias</a> RSS feed, and "subscribe" to all new episodes of the show, which would then start downloading automatically – like the "season pass" feature of the <a href="/wiki/TiVo" title="TiVo">TiVo</a>.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Scott Raymond, scottraymond.net<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The RSS feed will track the content, while BitTorrent ensures content integrity with <a href="/wiki/Cryptography" title="Cryptography">cryptographic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hash_function" title="Hash function">hashing</a> of all data, so feed subscribers will receive uncorrupted content. One of the first and popular software clients (<a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Open source software">open source</a>) for <i>broadcatching</i> is <a href="/wiki/Miro_Media_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Miro Media Player">Miro</a>. Other free software clients such as PenguinTV and KatchTV are also now supporting broadcatching. The BitTorrent web-service MoveDigital added the ability to make torrents available to any web application capable of parsing <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> through its standard <a href="/wiki/Representational_State_Transfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Representational State Transfer">REST</a>-based interface in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though this has since been discontinued. Additionally, Torrenthut is developing a similar torrent <a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a> that will provide the same features, and help bring the torrent community to <a href="/wiki/Web_2.0" title="Web 2.0">Web 2.0</a> standards. Alongside this release is a first <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> application built using the API called PEP, which will parse any <a href="/wiki/Really_Simple_Syndication" class="mw-redirect" title="Really Simple Syndication">Really Simple Syndication</a> (RSS 2.0) feed and automatically create and seed a torrent for each enclosure found in that feed.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Throttling_and_encryption">Throttling and encryption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Throttling and encryption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">BitTorrent protocol encryption</a></div> <p>Since BitTorrent makes up a large proportion of total traffic, some <a href="/wiki/ISP" class="mw-redirect" title="ISP">ISPs</a> have chosen to "throttle" (slow down) BitTorrent transfers. For this reason, methods have been developed to disguise BitTorrent traffic in an attempt to thwart these efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protocol header encrypt (PHE) and <a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">Message stream encryption/Protocol encryption (MSE/PE)</a> are features of some BitTorrent clients that attempt to make BitTorrent hard to detect and throttle. As of November 2015, <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a>, <a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a>, <a href="/wiki/KTorrent" title="KTorrent">KTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(BitTorrent_client)" class="mw-redirect" title="Deluge (BitTorrent client)">Deluge</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, MooPolice, Halite, <a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTorrent" title="RTorrent">rTorrent</a>, and the latest official BitTorrent client (v6) support MSE/PE encryption. </p><p>In August 2007, <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a> was preventing BitTorrent seeding by monitoring and interfering with the communication between peers. Protection against these efforts is provided by <a href="/wiki/Proxy_server" title="Proxy server">proxying</a> the client-tracker traffic via an <a href="/wiki/Tunneling_protocol" title="Tunneling protocol">encrypted tunnel</a> to a point outside of the Comcast network.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Comcast called a "truce" with BitTorrent, Inc. with the intention of shaping traffic in a protocol-agnostic manner.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Questions about the ethics and legality of Comcast's behavior have led to renewed debate about <a href="/wiki/Net_neutrality_in_the_United_States" title="Net neutrality in the United States">net neutrality in the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In general, although encryption can make it difficult to determine <i>what</i> is being shared, BitTorrent is vulnerable to <a href="/wiki/Traffic_analysis" title="Traffic analysis">traffic analysis</a>. Thus, even with MSE/PE, it may be possible for an ISP to recognize BitTorrent and also to determine that a system is no longer downloading but only uploading data, and terminate its connection by injecting <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a> RST (reset flag) packets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multitrackers">Multitrackers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Multitrackers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another unofficial feature is an extension to the BitTorrent metadata format proposed by John Hoffman<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and implemented by several indexing websites. It allows the use of multiple trackers per file, so if one tracker fails, others can continue to support file transfer. It is implemented in several clients, such as <a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a>, BitTornado, BitTorrent, <a href="/wiki/KTorrent" title="KTorrent">KTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(software)" title="Deluge (software)">Deluge</a>, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rtorrent" class="mw-redirect" title="Rtorrent">rtorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frostwire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frostwire">Frostwire</a>. Trackers are placed in groups, or tiers, with a tracker randomly chosen from the top tier and tried, moving to the next tier if all the trackers in the top tier fail. </p><p>Torrents with multiple trackers can decrease the time it takes to download a file, but also have a few consequences: </p> <ul><li>Poorly implemented<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> clients may contact multiple trackers, leading to more overhead-traffic.</li> <li>Torrents from closed trackers suddenly become downloadable by non-members, as they can connect to a seed via an open tracker.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peer_selection">Peer selection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Peer selection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of December 2008,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> BitTorrent, Inc. was working with Oversi on new Policy Discover Protocols that query the ISP for capabilities and network architecture information. Oversi's ISP hosted NetEnhancer box is designed to "improve peer selection" by helping peers find local nodes, improving download speeds while reducing the loads into and out of the ISP's network.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Implementations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a></div> <p>The BitTorrent specification is free to use and many clients are <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a>, so BitTorrent clients have been created for all common <a href="/wiki/Operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating systems">operating systems</a> using a variety of <a href="/wiki/Programming_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming languages">programming languages</a>. The official BitTorrent client, <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a>, and <a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a> are some of the most popular clients.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some BitTorrent implementations such as <a href="/wiki/MLDonkey" title="MLDonkey">MLDonkey</a> and Torrentflux are designed to run as servers. For example, this can be used to centralize file sharing on a single dedicated server which users share access to on the network.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Server-oriented BitTorrent implementations can also be hosted by <a href="/wiki/Internet_hosting_service" title="Internet hosting service">hosting providers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">co-located</a> facilities with high bandwidth Internet connectivity (e.g., a datacenter) which can provide dramatic speed benefits over using BitTorrent from a regular home broadband connection. Services such as <a href="/wiki/ImageShack" title="ImageShack">ImageShack</a> can download files on BitTorrent for the user, allowing them to download the entire file by <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a> once it is finished. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Opera_(web_browser)" title="Opera (web browser)">Opera</a> <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> supports BitTorrent natively.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a> web browser ships with an <a href="/wiki/Browser_extension" title="Browser extension">extension</a> which supports <a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a>, a BitTorrent-like protocol based on <a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BitLet allowed users to download Torrents directly from their browser using a <a href="/wiki/Java_applet" title="Java applet">Java applet</a> (until browsers removed support for Java applets).<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An increasing number of hardware devices are being made to support BitTorrent. These include routers and NAS devices containing BitTorrent-capable firmware like <a href="/wiki/OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a>. Proprietary versions of the protocol which implement <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">DRM</a>, encryption, and authentication are found within managed clients such as <a href="/wiki/Pando_(application)" title="Pando (application)">Pando</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A growing number of individuals and organizations are using BitTorrent to distribute their own or licensed works (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">indie</a> bands distributing digital files of their new songs). Independent adopters report that BitTorrent technology reduces demands on private networking hardware and bandwidth, an essential for non-profit groups with large amounts of internet traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many major <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> projects encourage BitTorrent as well as conventional downloads of their products (via <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/FTP" class="mw-redirect" title="FTP">FTP</a> etc.) to increase availability and to reduce load on their own servers, especially when dealing with larger files.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, some video game installers, especially those whose large size makes them difficult to host due to bandwidth limits, extremely frequent downloads, and unpredictable changes in network traffic, will distribute instead a specialized, stripped down BitTorrent client with enough functionality to download the game from the other running clients and the primary server (which is maintained in case not enough peers are available). </p><p>Some uses of BitTorrent for file sharing may violate laws in some jurisdictions (see <a href="#Legislation">legislation</a> section). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popularity_and_traffic_statistics">Popularity and traffic statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Popularity and traffic statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of January 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, BitTorrent is utilized by 150 million active users. Based on this figure, the total number of monthly users may be estimated to more than a quarter of a billion (≈ 250 million).<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of February 2013,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> BitTorrent was responsible for 3.35% of all worldwide <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a>—more than half of the 6% of total bandwidth dedicated to file sharing.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, BitTorrent had 15–27 million concurrent users at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film,_video,_and_music"><span id="Film.2C_video.2C_and_music"></span>Film, video, and music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Film, video, and music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent (company)">BitTorrent Inc.</a> has obtained a number of licenses from Hollywood studios for distributing popular content from their websites.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_Pop" title="Sub Pop">Sub Pop</a> Records releases tracks and videos via BitTorrent Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to distribute its 1000+ albums. <a href="/wiki/Babyshambles" title="Babyshambles">Babyshambles</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Libertines" title="The Libertines">The Libertines</a> (both bands associated with <a href="/wiki/Pete_Doherty" title="Pete Doherty">Pete Doherty</a>) have extensively used torrents to distribute hundreds of demos and live videos. US <a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">industrial rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Nine_Inch_Nails" title="Nine Inch Nails">Nine Inch Nails</a> frequently distributes albums via BitTorrent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">Podcasting</a> software has integrated BitTorrent to help podcasters deal with the download demands of their MP3 "radio" programs. Specifically, <a href="/wiki/Juice_(podcasting)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juice (podcasting)">Juice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miro_Media_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Miro Media Player">Miro</a> (formerly known as Democracy Player) support automatic processing of .torrent files from <a href="/wiki/RSS" title="RSS">RSS</a> feeds. Similarly, some BitTorrent clients, such as <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">μTorrent</a>, are able to process <a href="/wiki/Web_feeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Web feeds">web feeds</a> and automatically download content found within them.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discipline_Global_Mobile" title="Discipline Global Mobile">DGM Live</a> purchases are provided via BitTorrent.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VODO" title="VODO">VODO</a>, a service which distributes "free-to-share" movies and TV shows via BitTorrent.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasters">Broadcasters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Broadcasters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> became the first public broadcaster in North America to make a full show (<i><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Next_Great_Prime_Minister" title="Canada's Next Great Prime Minister">Canada's Next Great Prime Minister</a></i>) available for download using BitTorrent.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation">Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (NRK) has since March 2008 experimented with bittorrent distribution, available online.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only selected works in which NRK owns all royalties are published. Responses have been very positive, and NRK is planning to offer more content.</li> <li>The Dutch <a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a> broadcasting organization released four documentaries in 2009 and 2010 under a <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> license using the content distribution feature of the <a href="/wiki/Mininova" title="Mininova">Mininova</a> tracker.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cloud_Service_Providers">Cloud Service Providers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cloud Service Providers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Amazon AWS's <a href="/wiki/Amazon_S3" title="Amazon S3">Simple Storage Service</a> (S3), until April 29, 2021, had supported sharing of bucket objects with BitTorrent protocols. As of June 13, 2020, the feature is only available in service regions launched after May 30, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The feature for the existing customers will be extended for an additional 12 months following the deprecation. After April 29, 2022, BitTorrent clients will no longer connect to Amazon S3.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a> uses BitTorrent (via its Blizzard <a href="/wiki/Battle.net" title="Battle.net">Battle.net</a> distribution platform, formerly the "Blizzard Downloader") to distribute content and patches for <i><a href="/wiki/Diablo_III" title="Diablo III">Diablo III</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/StarCraft_II" title="StarCraft II">StarCraft II</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a></i>, including the games themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargaming_(company)" title="Wargaming (company)">Wargaming</a> uses BitTorrent in their popular titles <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Tanks" title="World of Tanks">World of Tanks</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warships" title="World of Warships">World of Warships</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warplanes" title="World of Warplanes">World of Warplanes</a></i> to distribute game updates.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CCP_Games" title="CCP Games">CCP Games</a>, maker of the space simulation MMORPG <i><a href="/wiki/Eve_Online" title="Eve Online">Eve Online</a></i>, has announced that a new launcher will be released that is based on BitTorrent.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resilio_Sync" title="Resilio Sync">Resilio Sync</a> is a BitTorrent-based<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> folder-syncing tool which can act as an alternative to server-based synchronisation services such as <a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The British government used BitTorrent to distribute <a href="/wiki/Combined_Online_Information_System" title="Combined Online Information System">details about how the tax money of British citizens was spent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_State_University" title="Florida State University">Florida State University</a> uses BitTorrent to distribute large scientific data sets to its researchers.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Many universities that have <a href="/wiki/BOINC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOINC">BOINC</a> distributed computing projects have used the BitTorrent functionality of the client-server system to reduce the bandwidth costs of distributing the client-side applications used to process the scientific data. If a BOINC <a href="/wiki/Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">distributed computing</a> application needs to be updated (or merely sent to a user), it can do so with little impact on the BOINC server.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The developing <a href="/wiki/Human_Connectome_Project" title="Human Connectome Project">Human Connectome Project</a> uses BitTorrent to share their <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.developingconnectome.org/project/data-release-user-guide/">open dataset</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_Torrents" title="Academic Torrents">Academic Torrents</a> is a BitTorrent tracker for use by researchers in fields that need to share large datasets<sup id="cite_ref-website_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-website-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MyScienceWork_2014_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MyScienceWork_2014-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Facebook uses BitTorrent to distribute updates to Facebook servers.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Twitter uses BitTorrent to distribute updates to Twitter servers.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> added BitTorrent to its file download options for over 1.3 million existing files, and all newly uploaded files, in August 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-TFBT_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFBT-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method is the fastest means of downloading media from the Archive.<sup id="cite_ref-TFBT_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFBT-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>By early 2015, <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">AT&T</a> estimated that BitTorrent accounted for 20% of all broadband traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-Ellis_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ellis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Routers that use <a href="/wiki/Network_address_translation" title="Network address translation">network address translation</a> (NAT) must maintain tables of source and destination IP addresses and ports. Because BitTorrent frequently contacts 20–30 servers per second, the NAT tables of some consumer-grade routers are rapidly filled. This is a known cause of some home routers ceasing to work correctly.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislation">Legislation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Legislation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Legal_issues_with_BitTorrent" title="Legal issues with BitTorrent">Legal issues with BitTorrent</a></div> <p>Although the protocol itself is legal,<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> problems stem from using the protocol to traffic copyright infringing works, since BitTorrent is often used to download otherwise paid content, such as movies and video games. There has been much controversy over the use of BitTorrent trackers. BitTorrent metafiles themselves do not store file contents. Whether the publishers of BitTorrent metafiles violate copyrights by linking to copyrighted works without the authorization of copyright holders is controversial. Various jurisdictions have pursued legal action against websites that host BitTorrent trackers. </p><p>As a result the use of BitTorrent may sometimes be limited by <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet Service Providers</a> (ISPs) due to legal or copyright grounds.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Users may choose to run <a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">seedboxes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private networks</a> (VPNs) to circumvent these restrictions. </p><p>High-profile examples include the closing of <a href="/wiki/Suprnova.org" title="Suprnova.org">Suprnova.org</a>, <a href="/wiki/TorrentSpy" title="TorrentSpy">TorrentSpy</a>, <a href="/wiki/LokiTorrent" title="LokiTorrent">LokiTorrent</a>, <a href="/wiki/BTJunkie" title="BTJunkie">BTJunkie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mininova" title="Mininova">Mininova</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oink%27s_Pink_Palace" title="Oink's Pink Palace">Oink's Pink Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/What.cd" class="mw-redirect" title="What.cd">What.cd</a>. BitTorrent search engine <a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a> torrent website, formed by a Swedish group, is noted for the "legal" section of its website in which letters and replies on the subject of alleged copyright infringements are publicly displayed. On 31 May 2006, The Pirate Bay's servers in Sweden were raided by Swedish police on allegations by the MPAA of copyright infringement;<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the tracker was up and running again three days later. In the study used to value NBC Universal in its merger with Comcast, Envisional examined the 10,000 torrent swarms managed by PublicBT which had the most active downloaders. After excluding pornographic and unidentifiable content, it was found that only one swarm offered legitimate content.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, more than 200,000 lawsuits have been filed for copyright infringement on BitTorrent since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, on 30 April 2012, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court of Justice</a> ordered five ISPs to <a href="/wiki/List_of_websites_blocked_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of websites blocked in the United Kingdom">block The Pirate Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One concern is the <a href="/wiki/UDP_flood_attack" title="UDP flood attack">UDP flood attack</a>. BitTorrent implementations often use <a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTP" class="mw-redirect" title="ΜTP">μTP</a> for their communication. To achieve high bandwidths, the underlying protocol used is <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a>, which allows spoofing of source addresses of internet traffic. It has been possible to carry out <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">denial-of-service attacks</a> in a P2P lab environment, where users running BitTorrent clients act as amplifiers for an attack at another service.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However this is not always an effective attack because ISPs can check if the source address is correct. </p><p>Several studies on BitTorrent found files available for download containing <a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">malware</a>. In particular, one small sample indicated that 18% of all executable programs available for download contained malware.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study claims that as much as 14.5% of BitTorrent downloads contain <a href="/wiki/Zero-day_attack#Viruses" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-day attack">zero-day malware</a>, and that BitTorrent was used as the distribution mechanism for 47% of all zero-day malware they have found.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Counterfeiting_Trade_Agreement" title="Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement">Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bencode" title="Bencode">Bencode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_Discovery_Protocol" title="Cache Discovery Protocol">Cache Discovery Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">Comparison of BitTorrent clients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">Comparison of BitTorrent sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_tracker_software" title="Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software">Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms" title="Glossary of BitTorrent terms">Glossary of BitTorrent terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet URI scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_file_verification" title="Simple file verification">Simple file verification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrent_poisoning" title="Torrent poisoning">Torrent poisoning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Protocol1.0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Protocol1.0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCohen2002" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Bram (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0003.html">"BitTorrent Protocol 1.0"</a>. BitTorrent.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208002821/http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0003.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BitTorrent+Protocol+1.0&rft.pub=BitTorrent.org&rft.date=2002-10&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Bram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbittorrent.org%2Fbeps%2Fbep_0003.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2001" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Bram (2 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129085545/http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/decentralization/message/3160">"BitTorrent – a new P2P app"</a>. Yahoo eGroups. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2010</span>. <q>The torrent sharing feature of BitComet. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Content+Availability+and+Bundling+in+Swarming+Systems&rft.place=Rome%2C+Italy&rft.pub=ACM+via+sigcomm.org&rft.date=2009-12-01%2F2009-12-04&rft.isbn=978-1-60558-636-6&rft.au=D.+Menasche&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconferences.sigcomm.org%2Fco-next%2F2009%2Fpapers%2FMenasche.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaune" class="citation web cs1">Kaune, Sebastian; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eecs.qmul.ac.uk/~tysong/files/ICCCN09.pdf">"The Seeder Promotion Problem: Measurements, Analysis and Solution Space"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BitTorrent+Specification&rft.pub=Wiki.theory.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.theory.org%2Findex.php%2FBitTorrentSpecification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Wikis are not citable sources – find a better source-Lexein (April 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:BitTorrent#Dubious" title="Talk:BitTorrent">discuss</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.libtorrent.org/2020/09/bittorrent-v2/">"» BitTorrent v2"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927063545/https://blog.libtorrent.org/2020/09/bittorrent-v2/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TorrentFreak&rft.atitle=BitTorrent%27s+DHT+Turns+10+Years+Old&rft.date=2015-06-07&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Fbittorrents-dht-turns-10-years-old-150607%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.theory.org/index.php/BitTorrentSpecification#Info_Dictionary">"Unofficial BitTorrent Protocol Specification v1.0"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214094732/http://wiki.theory.org/BitTorrentSpecification">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unofficial+BitTorrent+Protocol+Specification+v1.0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.theory.org%2Findex.php%2FBitTorrentSpecification%23Info_Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="Wikis are not citable sources – find a better source-Lexein (April 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:BitTorrent#Dubious" title="Talk:BitTorrent">discuss</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison,_David2008" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, David (3 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0027.html">"Private Torrents"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Private+Torrents&rft.pub=Bittorrent.org&rft.date=2008-08-03&rft.au=Harrison%2C+David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbittorrent.org%2Fbeps%2Fbep_0027.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slyck.com/news.php?story=1021">"BitComet Banned From Growing Number of Private Trackers"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326093846/http://www.slyck.com/news.php?story=1021">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brave+Help+Center&rft.atitle=What+extensions+are+built+into+Brave%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsupport.brave.com%2Fhc%2Fen-us%2Farticles%2F360035025231-What-extensions-are-built-into-Brave-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahgat2008" class="citation web cs1">Bahgat, Alessandro (10 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abahgat.com/project/bitlet/">"BitLet - Bittorrent applet"</a>. <i>Alessandro Bahgat</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121144706/https://www.abahgat.com/project/bitlet/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alessandro+Bahgat&rft.atitle=BitLet+-+Bittorrent+applet&rft.date=2008-10-10&rft.aulast=Bahgat&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abahgat.com%2Fproject%2Fbitlet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/8-legal-uses-for-bittorrent-youd-be-surprised/#the-internet-archive">"8 Legal Uses for BitTorrent"</a>. 17 August 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505161456/https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/8-legal-uses-for-bittorrent-youd-be-surprised/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=8+Legal+Uses+for+BitTorrent&rft.date=2013-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.makeuseof.com%2Ftag%2F8-legal-uses-for-bittorrent-youd-be-surprised%2F%23the-internet-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span> The Internet Archive</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ubuntu.com/download/alternative-downloads">"Complete Download Options List – BitTorrent"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BitTorrent+and+%CE%BCTorrent+Software+Surpass+150+Million+User+Milestone&rft.pub=Bittorrent.com&rft.date=2012-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbittorrent.com%2Fintl%2Fes%2Fcompany%2Fabout%2Fces_2012_150m_users&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/app-usage-risk-report-visualization/">"Application Usage & Threat Report"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torrents+Help+Researchers+Worldwide+to+Study+Babies%27+Brains&rft.pub=Torrent+Freak&rft.date=2017-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Ftorrents-help-researchers-worldwide-to-study-babies-brains-170603%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-website-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-website_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academictorrents.com/">"Academic Torrents Website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507000702/https://academictorrents.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Torrent+Freak&rft.atitle=BitTorrent+Makes+Twitter%27s+Server+Deployment+75x+Faster&rft.date=2010-07-16&rft.au=Ernesto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Fbittorrent-makes-twitters-server-deployment-75-faster-100716%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TFBT-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TFBT_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TFBT_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnesto2012" class="citation web cs1">Ernesto (7 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torrentfreak.com/internet-archive-starts-seeding-1398635-torrents-120807/">"Internet Archive Starts Seeding 1,398,875 Torrents"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Archive+Starts+Seeding+1%2C398%2C875+Torrents&rft.pub=TorrentFreak&rft.date=2012-08-07&rft.au=Ernesto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Finternet-archive-starts-seeding-1398635-torrents-120807%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bt1.archive.org/hotlist.php">"Hot List for bt1.us.archive.org (Updated August 7, 2012, 7:31 pm PDT)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803014019/http://bt1.archive.org/hotlist.php">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hot+List+for+bt1.us.archive.org+%28Updated+August+7%2C+2012%2C+7%3A31+pm+PDT%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbt1.archive.org%2Fhotlist.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span>. Archive.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bittorrent">"Welcome to Archive torrents"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119064508/https://archive.org/details/bittorrent">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uTorrent.com&rft.atitle=FAQ%3AModems%2Frouters+that+are+known+to+have+problems+with+P2P+apps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utorrent.com%2Ffaq.php%23Modems_routers_that_are_known_to_have_problems_with_P2P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalkes,_GertjanPouwelse,_Johan2011" class="citation book cs1">Halkes, Gertjan; Pouwelse, Johan (2011). Jordi Domingo-Pascual; et al. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j6HPyxvPFcsC&pg=PA7"><i>UDP NAT and Firewall Puncturing in the Wild</i></a>. Springer. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783642207976" title="Special:BookSources/9783642207976"><bdi>9783642207976</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509032124/http://books.google.com/books?id=j6HPyxvPFcsC&pg=PA7#v=onepage&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Piratebay+is+Down%3A+Raided+by+the+Swedish+Police&rft.pub=TorrentFreak&rft.date=2006-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorrentfreak.com%2Fthe-piratebay-is-down-raided-by-the-swedish-police%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.envisional.com/docs/Envisional-Internet_Usage-Jan2011.pdf">"Technical report: An Estimate of Infringing Use of the Internet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=BitTorrent%3A+Copyright+Lawyers%27+Favourite+Target+Reaches+200%2C000+Lawsuits&rft.date=2011-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2Fpda%2F2011%2Faug%2F09%2Fbittorrent-piracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanesius2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Albanesius, Chloe (30 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/news/297264/u-k-high-court-orders-isps-to-block-the-pirate-bay">"U.K. High Court Orders ISPs to Block The Pirate Bay"</a>. <i>PC Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525155105/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0%2C2817%2C2403749%2C00.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=U.K.+High+Court+Orders+ISPs+to+Block+The+Pirate+Bay&rft.date=2012-04-30&rft.aulast=Albanesius&rft.aufirst=Chloe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fnews%2F297264%2Fu-k-high-court-orders-isps-to-block-the-pirate-bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsky2015" class="citation web cs1">Adamsky, Florian (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot15/workshop-program/presentation/p2p-file-sharing-hell-exploiting-bittorrent">"P2P File-Sharing in Hell: Exploiting BitTorrent Vulnerabilities to Launch Distributed Reflective DoS Attacks"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001113522/https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot15/workshop-program/presentation/p2p-file-sharing-hell-exploiting-bittorrent">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P2P+File-Sharing+in+Hell%3A+Exploiting+BitTorrent+Vulnerabilities+to+Launch+Distributed+Reflective+DoS+Attacks&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Adamsky&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usenix.org%2Fconference%2Fwoot15%2Fworkshop-program%2Fpresentation%2Fp2p-file-sharing-hell-exploiting-bittorrent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernsJung2008" class="citation web cs1">Berns, Andrew D.; Jung, Eunjin (EJ) (24 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130501051349/http://www.techrepublic.com/whitepapers/searching-for-malware-in-bittorrent/1681115">"Searching for Malware in Bit Torrent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Iowa" title="University of Iowa">University of Iowa</a>, via <a href="/wiki/TechRepublic" title="TechRepublic">TechRepublic</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techrepublic.com/whitepapers/searching-for-malware-in-bittorrent/1681115">the original</a> on 1 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Searching+for+Malware+in+Bit+Torrent&rft.pub=University+of+Iowa%2C+via+TechRepublic&rft.date=2008-04-24&rft.aulast=Berns&rft.aufirst=Andrew+D.&rft.au=Jung%2C+Eunjin+%28EJ%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techrepublic.com%2Fwhitepapers%2Fsearching-for-malware-in-bittorrent%2F1681115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Access_to_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">registration required</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeggeHalvorsenNergård2009" class="citation conference cs1">Vegge, Håvard; Halvorsen, Finn Michael; Nergård, Rune Walsø (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130617143905/http://www.rookconsulting.com/Downloads/NTNU-zeroday-project-2008.pdf"><i>Where Only Fools Dare to Tread: An Empirical Study on the Prevalence of Zero-Day Malware</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2009 Fourth International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection. IEEE Computer Society. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICIMP.2009.19">10.1109/ICIMP.2009.19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-3839-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4244-3839-6"><bdi>978-1-4244-3839-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15567480">15567480</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rookconsulting.com/Downloads/NTNU-zeroday-project-2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF <i>(orig. work + pub. paper)</i>)</span> on 17 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Where+Only+Fools+Dare+to+Tread%3A+An+Empirical+Study+on+the+Prevalence+of+Zero-Day+Malware&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=IEEE+Computer+Society&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15567480%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FICIMP.2009.19&rft.isbn=978-1-4244-3839-6&rft.aulast=Vegge&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A5vard&rft.au=Halvorsen%2C+Finn+Michael&rft.au=Nerg%C3%A5rd%2C+Rune+Wals%C3%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rookconsulting.com%2FDownloads%2FNTNU-zeroday-project-2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPouwelse2005" class="citation book cs1">Pouwelse, Johan; et al. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dnw7E8xzQUMC&q=The%20Bittorrent%20P2P%20File-Sharing%20System%3A%20Measurements%20and%20Analysis%20Johan%20Pouwelse%20%2C%20Pawel%20Garbacki%2C%20Dick%20Epema%2C&pg=PA205">"The Bittorrent P2P File-Sharing System: Measurements and Analysis"</a>. <i>Peer-to-Peer Systems IV</i>. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 3640. Berlin: Springer. pp. 205–216. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F11558989_19">10.1007/11558989_19</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29068-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-29068-1"><bdi>978-3-540-29068-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Bittorrent+P2P+File-Sharing+System%3A+Measurements+and+Analysis&rft.btitle=Peer-to-Peer+Systems+IV&rft.place=Berlin&rft.series=Lecture+Notes+in+Computer+Science&rft.pages=205-216&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F11558989_19&rft.isbn=978-3-540-29068-1&rft.aulast=Pouwelse&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDnw7E8xzQUMC%26q%3DThe%2520Bittorrent%2520P2P%2520File-Sharing%2520System%253A%2520Measurements%2520and%2520Analysis%2520Johan%2520Pouwelse%2520%252C%2520Pawel%2520Garbacki%252C%2520Dick%2520Epema%252C%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzerniawski2009" class="citation thesis cs1">Czerniawski, Michal (20 December 2009). <i>Responsibility of Bittorrent Search Engines for Copyright Infringements</i> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/SSRN" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN">SSRN</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.1540913">10.2139/ssrn.1540913</a>. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1540913">1540913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Responsibility+of+Bittorrent+Search+Engines+for+Copyright+Infringements&rft.inst=SSRN&rft.date=2009-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1540913%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2139%2Fssrn.1540913&rft.aulast=Czerniawski&rft.aufirst=Michal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2005" class="citation web cs1">Cohen, Bram (16 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee380/Abstracts/050216.html">"Under the hood of BitTorrent"</a>. <i>Computer Systems Colloquium (EE380)</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computer+Systems+Colloquium+%28EE380%29&rft.atitle=Under+the+hood+of+BitTorrent&rft.date=2005-02-16&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Bram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fclass%2Fee380%2FAbstracts%2F050216.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitTorrent" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Mobile cloud computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_cloud_application" title="Native cloud application">Native cloud application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_cloud" title="Personal cloud">Personal cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">Serverless computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_structured_storage_software" title="Comparison of structured storage software">Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_API" title="Web API">Web APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_cloud" title="Virtual private cloud">Virtual private cloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Office 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owncloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Owncloud">Owncloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_Drive" title="Proton Drive">Proton Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rackspace_Technology" title="Rackspace Technology">Rackspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seafile" title="Seafile">Seafile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlateSpin" class="mw-redirect" title="PlateSpin">PlateSpin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workday,_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoho_Corporation" title="Zoho Corporation">Zoho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppScale" title="AppScale">AppScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CloudBolt" title="CloudBolt">CloudBolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Foundry" title="Cloud Foundry">Cloud Foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocaine_(PaaS)" title="Cocaine (PaaS)">Cocaine (PaaS)</a></li> <li>Creatio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engine_Yard" title="Engine Yard">Engine Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HPE_Helion" title="HPE Helion">Helion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predix_(software)" title="Predix (software)">GE Predix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MindSphere" title="MindSphere">MindSphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OutSystems" title="OutSystems">OutSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenQRM" title="OpenQRM">openQRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PythonAnywhere" title="PythonAnywhere">PythonAnywhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RightScale" title="RightScale">RightScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalr" title="Scalr">Scalr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salesforce#Force.com" title="Salesforce">Force.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Cloud_Platform" class="mw-redirect" title="SAP Cloud Platform">SAP Cloud Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiquo_Enterprise_Edition" title="Abiquo Enterprise Edition">Abiquo Enterprise Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrix_Cloud" title="Citrix Cloud">Citrix Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deft_(company)" title="Deft (company)">Deft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMC_Atmos" title="EMC Atmos">EMC Atmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_(software)" title="Eucalyptus (software)">Eucalyptus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FUJITSU_Cloud_IaaS_Trusted_Public_S5" title="FUJITSU Cloud IaaS Trusted Public S5">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iland" title="Iland">iland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyent" title="Joyent">Joyent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linode" title="Linode">Linode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunacloud" title="Lunacloud">Lunacloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirantis" title="Mirantis">Mirantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbula" title="Nimbula">Nimbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_(cloud_computing)" title="Nimbus (cloud computing)">Nimbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenIO" title="OpenIO">OpenIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenNebula" title="OpenNebula">OpenNebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrionVM" title="OrionVM">OrionVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rackspace_Cloud" title="Rackspace Cloud">Rackspace Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Swiss_Cloud" title="Safe Swiss Cloud">Safe Swiss Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadara" title="Zadara">Zadara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libvirt" title="Libvirt">libvirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libguestfs" title="Libguestfs">libguestfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OVirt" title="OVirt">OVirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virtual Machine Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakame-vdc" title="Wakame-vdc">Wakame-vdc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Private_Cloud_OnDemand" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand">Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing" title="Category:Cloud computing">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cloud computing"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BitTorrent" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BitTorrent" title="Template:BitTorrent"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BitTorrent" title="Template talk:BitTorrent"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BitTorrent" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BitTorrent"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BitTorrent" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BitTorrent</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainberry,_Inc." title="Rainberry, Inc.">Rainberry, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze,_Inc." title="Vuze, Inc.">Vuze, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bram_Cohen" title="Bram Cohen">Bram Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Cohen" title="Ross Cohen">Ross Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Klinker" title="Eric Klinker">Eric Klinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashwin_Navin" title="Ashwin Navin">Ashwin Navin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms" title="Glossary of BitTorrent terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed hash tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)#BitTorrent_DNA" title="BitTorrent (software)">DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P#File_Sharing" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_index" class="mw-redirect" title="BitTorrent index">index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Peer_Discovery" title="Local Peer Discovery">Local Peer Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">Peer exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">Protocol encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">Tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrent_file" title="Torrent file">Torrent file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">µTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebRTC" title="WebRTC">WebRTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">comparison</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Usage_share_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Usage share of BitTorrent clients">usage share</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_(software)" title="BitTorrent (software)">BitTorrent</a> (original client)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitComet" title="BitComet">BitComet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLord" title="BitLord">BitLord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(software)" title="Deluge (software)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Download_Manager" title="Free Download Manager">Free Download Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlashGet" title="FlashGet">FlashGet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrostWire" title="FrostWire">FrostWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GetRight" title="GetRight">GetRight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go!Zilla" title="Go!Zilla">Go!Zilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTorrent" title="KTorrent">KTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libtorrent" title="Libtorrent">libtorrent</a> (library)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CTorrent" title="ΜTorrent">µTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miro_(video_software)" title="Miro (video software)">Miro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLDonkey" title="MLDonkey">MLDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBittorrent" title="QBittorrent">qBittorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTorrent" title="RTorrent">rTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shareaza" title="Shareaza">Shareaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixati" title="Tixati">Tixati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(BitTorrent_client)" title="Transmission (BitTorrent client)">Transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuze" title="Vuze">Vuze</a> (formerly Azureus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent_Desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="WebTorrent Desktop">WebTorrent Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xunlei" title="Xunlei">Xunlei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tracker software<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_tracker_software" title="Comparison of BitTorrent tracker software">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OpenBitTorrent" title="OpenBitTorrent">OpenBitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opentracker" title="Opentracker">opentracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerTracker" title="PeerTracker">PeerTracker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Search engines<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1337x" title="1337x">1337x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTDigg" title="BTDigg">BTDigg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demonoid" title="Demonoid">Demonoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etree" title="Etree">etree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaa_Torrents" title="Nyaa Torrents">Nyaa Torrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Rockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Rockers">Tamil Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pirate_Bay" title="The Pirate Bay">The Pirate Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RuTracker.org" title="RuTracker.org">ruTracker.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YggTorrent" title="YggTorrent">YggTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YourBittorrent" title="YourBittorrent">YourBittorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct sites<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_sites#Defunct" title="Comparison of BitTorrent sites">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BTJunkie" title="BTJunkie">BTJunkie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExtraTorrent" title="ExtraTorrent">ExtraTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EZTV" title="EZTV">EZTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IsoHunt" title="IsoHunt">isoHunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KickassTorrents" title="KickassTorrents">KickassTorrents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LokiTorrent" title="LokiTorrent">LokiTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mininova" title="Mininova">Mininova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oink%27s_Pink_Palace" title="Oink's Pink Palace">Oink's Pink Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RARBG" title="RARBG">RARBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprnova.org" title="Suprnova.org">Suprnova.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T411" title="T411">t411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrent_Project" title="Torrent Project">Torrent Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TorrentSpy" title="TorrentSpy">TorrentSpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrentz" title="Torrentz">Torrentz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What.CD" title="What.CD">What.CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIFY" title="YIFY">YIFY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YouTorrent" title="YouTorrent">YouTorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AXXo" title="AXXo">aXXo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_Open_Source_License" title="BitTorrent Open Source License">BitTorrent Open Source License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_BitTorrent_terms" title="Glossary of BitTorrent terms">Glossary of BitTorrent terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_Time" title="Popcorn Time">Popcorn Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slyck.com" title="Slyck.com">Slyck.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TorrentFreak" title="TorrentFreak">TorrentFreak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:BitTorrent" title="Category:BitTorrent">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BitTorrent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:BitTorrent">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:File_sharing" title="Template:File sharing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:File_sharing" title="Template talk:File sharing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:File_sharing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:File sharing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_file_sharing" title="Peer-to-peer file sharing">Peer-to-peer file sharing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networks</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">protocols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Centralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Connect_(protocol)" title="Direct Connect (protocol)">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soribada" title="Soribada">Soribada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soulseek" title="Soulseek">Soulseek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decentralized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dat_(software)" title="Dat (software)">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDonkey_network" title="EDonkey network">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastTrack" title="FastTrack">FastTrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fopnu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fopnu">Fopnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphanet" title="Hyphanet">Hyphanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNUnet" title="GNUnet">GNUnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I2P" title="I2P">I2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad_network" title="Kad network">Kad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBRY" title="LBRY">LBRY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GiFT#OpenFT_protocol" title="GiFT">OpenFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnionShare" title="OnionShare">OnionShare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfect_Dark_(P2P)" title="Perfect Dark (P2P)">Perfect Dark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_(P2P)" title="Share (P2P)">Share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribler" title="Tribler">Tribler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinMX" title="WinMX">WinMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winny" title="Winny">Winny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audiogalaxy" title="Audiogalaxy">Audiogalaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CuteMX" title="CuteMX">CuteMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LimeWire" title="LimeWire">LimeWire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morpheus_(software)" title="Morpheus (software)">Morpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napster" title="Napster">Napster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scour_Inc." title="Scour Inc.">Scour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WASTE" title="WASTE">WASTE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons<br />of <a href="/wiki/Client_(computing)" title="Client (computing)">clients</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ADC_Software#Client_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of ADC Software">Advanced Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_BitTorrent_clients" title="Comparison of BitTorrent clients">BitTorrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Direct_Connect_software" title="Comparison of Direct Connect software">Direct Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_eDonkey_software" title="Comparison of eDonkey software">eDonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella#Gnutella_features" title="Gnutella">Gnutella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnutella2#Comparison" title="Gnutella2">Gnutella2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebTorrent" title="WebTorrent">WebTorrent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hyperlinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed2k_URI_scheme" title="Ed2k URI scheme">eD2k</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_URI_scheme" title="Magnet URI scheme">Magnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalink" title="Metalink">Metalink</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backup" title="Backup">Backup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcatching" title="Broadcatching">Broadcatching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_resource" title="Shared resource">Disk sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">Game and video sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_download" title="Music download">Music sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peercasting" title="Peercasting">Peercasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedbox" title="Seedbox">Seedboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing#In_computer_and_Internet_culture" title="Sharing">Sharing software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer_web_hosting" title="Peer-to-peer web hosting">Web hosting</a> (<a href="/wiki/Freenet#Freesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Freenet">Freesite</a>, <a href="/wiki/InterPlanetary_File_System" title="InterPlanetary File System">IPFS</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZeroNet" title="ZeroNet">ZeroNet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_aspects_of_file_sharing" title="Legal aspects of file sharing">Legal aspects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Privacy" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Privacy_in_file_sharing_networks" title="Privacy in file sharing networks">Privacy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_P2P" title="Anonymous P2P">Anonymous P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darknet" title="Darknet">Darknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkweb" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkweb">Darkweb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friend-to-friend" title="Friend-to-friend">Friend-to-friend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_music_model" title="Open music model">Open music model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_P2P" class="mw-redirect" title="Private P2P">Private P2P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_(network)" title="Tor (network)">Tor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_hash_table" title="Distributed hash table">Distributed hash table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkle_tree" title="Merkle tree">Merkle tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAT_traversal" title="NAT traversal">NAT traversal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_exchange" title="Peer exchange">Peer exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption" title="BitTorrent protocol encryption">BitTorrent protocol encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHA-1" title="SHA-1">SHA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SHA-2" title="SHA-2">SHA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-seeding" title="Super-seeding">Super-seeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitTorrent_tracker" title="BitTorrent tracker">BitTorrent tracker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDP_hole_punching" title="UDP hole punching">UDP hole punching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro_Transport_Protocol" title="Micro Transport Protocol">Micro Transport Protocol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&oldid=1259054954">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BitTorrent&oldid=1259054954</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Application_layer_protocols" title="Category:Application layer protocols">Application layer protocols</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:BitTorrent" title="Category:BitTorrent">BitTorrent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Computer-related_introductions_in_2001" 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